1
|
Noble AJ, Nowak JK, Adams AT, Uhlig HH, Satsangi J. Defining Interactions Between the Genome, Epigenome, and the Environment in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Progress and Prospects. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:44-60.e2. [PMID: 37062395 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.03.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have highlighted the complex interplay between the genome, the epigenome, and the environment. Despite the exciting advances in genomics that have enabled the identification of over 200 susceptibility loci, these only account for a small proportion of the disease variance and the estimated heritability in IBD. It is likely that gene-environment (GxE) interactions contribute to "missing heritability" and these may act through epigenetic mechanisms. Several environmental factors, such as the microbiome, nutrition, and tobacco smoking, induce alterations in the epigenome of children and adults, which may impact disease susceptibility. Other mechanisms for GxE interactions are also directly pertinent in early life. We discuss a model in which environmental factors imprint disease risk in a window of susceptibility during infancy that may contribute to later disease onset, whereas other elements of the exposome act later in life and contribute directly to the pathogenesis and course of the disease. Understanding the mechanisms underlying GxE interactions may provide the basis for new therapeutic targets or preventative strategies for IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J Noble
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Jan K Nowak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Alex T Adams
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Biomedical Research Center, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Biomedical Research Center, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Satsangi
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Biomedical Research Center, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Genetic and Epigenetic Etiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Update. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122388. [PMID: 36553655 PMCID: PMC9778199 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease with periods of exacerbation and remission of the disease. The etiology of IBD is not fully understood. Many studies point to the presence of genetic, immunological, environmental, and microbiological factors and the interactions between them in the occurrence of IBD. The review looks at genetic factors in the context of both IBD predisposition and pharmacogenetics.
Collapse
|
3
|
Mukanova S, Borissenko A, Kim A, Bolatbek A, Abdrakhmanova A, Vangelista L, Sonnenberg-Riethmacher E, Riethmacher D. Role of periostin in inflammatory bowel disease development and synergistic effects mediated by the CCL5–CCR5 axis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:956691. [PMID: 36341422 PMCID: PMC9632729 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.956691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising mainly Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. In recent years, a wealth of data has been accumulated demonstrating the complex interplay of many different factors in the pathogenesis of IBD. Among these are factors impacting the epithelial barrier function, including vessel and extracellular matrix (ECM) formation, the gut microbiome (e.g., bacterial antigens), and, most importantly, the production of cytokines (pro- and anti-inflammatory) directly shaping the immune response. Patients failing to resolve the acute intestinal inflammation develop chronic inflammation. It has been shown that the expression of the matricellular protein periostin is enhanced during IBD and is one of the drivers of this disease. The C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is engaged by the chemotactic mediators CCL3/MIP-1α, CCL4/MIP-1β, and CCL5/RANTES. CCR5 blockade has been reported to ameliorate inflammation in a murine IBD model. Thus, both periostin and CCR5 are involved in the development of IBD. In this study, we investigated the potential crosstalk between the two signaling systems and tested a highly potent CCL5 derivative acting as a CCR5 antagonist in a murine model of IBD. We observed that the absence of periostin influences the CCR5-expressing cell population of the gut. Our data further support the notion that targeted modulation of the periostin and CCR5 signaling systems bears therapeutic potential for IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saida Mukanova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Anton Borissenko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Alexey Kim
- School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Aigerim Bolatbek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Luca Vangelista
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Eva Sonnenberg-Riethmacher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Department of Human Development and Health, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Dieter Riethmacher, ; Eva Sonnenberg-Riethmacher,
| | - Dieter Riethmacher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Department of Human Development and Health, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Dieter Riethmacher, ; Eva Sonnenberg-Riethmacher,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dipasquale V, Romano C. Genes vs environment in inflammatory bowel disease: an update. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2022; 18:1005-1013. [PMID: 35912838 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2022.2108407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are known to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors that vary in their influence on the development of the disease. Environmental exposures seem to influence IBD susceptibility, whereas genetic background is thought to modulate the impact of the environment on disease course and phenotype. AREAS COVERED A broad review of the involvement of genes and the environment in IBD pathogenesis was performed, and information regarding the main genetic and environmental factors - categorized into lifestyle factors, drugs, diet, and microbes - was updated. Monogenic very early onset IBD (VEO-IBD) was also discussed. EXPERT OPINION In the upcoming years, better understanding of gene-environment interactions will contribute to the possibility of a better prediction of disease course, response to therapy, and therapy-related adverse events with the final goal of personalized and more efficient patient management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Dipasquale
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Claudio Romano
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Teich N, Stallmach A, Bruns T. Gastrointestinal Infections and the Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Twins and Siblings: Evidence Against the Hygiene Hypothesis. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:4960-4961. [PMID: 36002673 PMCID: PMC9515034 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07670-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Teich
- Internistische Gemeinschaftspraxis für Verdauungs-und Stoffwechselkrankheiten, Leipzig und Schkeuditz, Nordstr. 21, 04105 Leipzig, Germany ,grid.9613.d0000 0001 1939 2794Medical Faculty of the Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Stallmach
- grid.9613.d0000 0001 1939 2794Medical Faculty of the Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany ,grid.275559.90000 0000 8517 6224Department of Internal Medicine IV, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Tony Bruns
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Medical Department III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Borowitz SM. The epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: Clues to pathogenesis? Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1103713. [PMID: 36733765 PMCID: PMC9886670 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1103713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was most common in North America and Europe and more common with a north-south gradient. Over the past century, there has been a marked increase in IBD in general and in childhood IBD in particular and over the past 50 years IBD has spread into the developing world. The greatest risk factor of developing IBD is an affected family member. Concordance rates between dizygotic twins is ∼4% and ∼50% in monozygotic twins, and more than half of pairs are diagnosed within 2 years of each other. Nevertheless, most patients with IBD do not have an affected family member. More than 200 genes are associated with an increased risk for IBD, but most associations are weak with odds ratios between 1.2 and 2.0 suggesting the environment plays a role. IBD is more common in urban than rural regions and is associated with "good standards" of domestic hygiene during childhood. People who migrate from areas with a low incidence to areas with a high incidence of IBD have an increased risk of developing IBD and the younger they are when they migrate, the greater their risk of developing IBD. Moreover, people who migrate from regions with a high incidence to areas with a low incidence of IBD have a decreased risk of developing IBD. Together, these findings strongly suggest particular environmental exposures occurring early in life may trigger inflammatory bowel disease in genetically susceptible individuals. The key is figuring out what those exposures might be.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Borowitz
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|