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Chen M, Yang Y, Ying Y, Huang J, Sun M, Hong M, Wang H, Xie S, Chen D. ABC Transporters and CYP3A4 Mediate Drug Interactions between Enrofloxacin and Salinomycin Leading to Increased Risk of Drug Residues and Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020403. [PMID: 36830313 PMCID: PMC9952136 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Enrofloxacin (ENR) is one of the most common drugs used in poultry production to treat bacterial diseases, and there is a high risk of drug interactions (DDIs) between polyether anticoccidial drugs added to poultry feed over time. This may affect the efficacy of antibiotics or lead to toxicity, posing a potential risk to the environment and food safety. This study aimed to investigate the DDI of ENR and salinomycin (SAL) in broilers and the mechanism of their DDI. We found that SAL increased the area under the curve and elimination half-life of ENR and ciprofloxacin (CIP) by 1.3 and 2.4 times, 1.2 and 2.5 times, respectively. Cytochrome 3A4 (CYP3A4), p-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) were important factors for the DDI between ENR and SAL in broilers. ENR and SAL are substrates of CYP3A4, P-gp and BCRP in broilers; ENR and SAL inhibited the expression of CYP3A4 activity in a time- and concentration-dependent. Meanwhile, ENR downregulated the expression of P-gp and BCRP in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. A single oral administration of SAL inhibited CYP3A4, P-gp, and BCRP, but long-term mixed feeding upregulated the expression of CYP3A4, P-gp, and BCRP. Molecular docking revealed that ENR and SAL compete with each other for CYP3A4 to affect hepatic metabolism, and compete with ATP for P-gp and BCRP binding sites to inhibit efflux. ENR and SAL in broilers can lead to severe DDI. Drug residues and resistance following co-administration of ENR and SAL and other SAL-based drug-feed interactions warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yujuan Yang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yupeng Ying
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiamin Huang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mengyuan Sun
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mian Hong
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haizhen Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shuyu Xie
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: (S.X.); (D.C.); Tel.: +86-027-8728-7323 (D.C.)
| | - Dongmei Chen
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: (S.X.); (D.C.); Tel.: +86-027-8728-7323 (D.C.)
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Yang Y, Zhou D, Zhang X, Shi Y, Han J, Zhou L, Wu L, Ma M, Li J, Peng S, Xu Z, Zhu W. D3AI-CoV: a deep learning platform for predicting drug targets and for virtual screening against COVID-19. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:6571526. [PMID: 35443040 PMCID: PMC9310271 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Target prediction and virtual screening are two powerful tools of computer-aided drug design. Target identification is of great significance for hit discovery, lead optimization, drug repurposing and elucidation of the mechanism. Virtual screening can improve the hit rate of drug screening to shorten the cycle of drug discovery and development. Therefore, target prediction and virtual screening are of great importance for developing highly effective drugs against COVID-19. Here we present D3AI-CoV, a platform for target prediction and virtual screening for the discovery of anti-COVID-19 drugs. The platform is composed of three newly developed deep learning-based models i.e., MultiDTI, MPNNs-CNN and MPNNs-CNN-R models. To compare the predictive performance of D3AI-CoV with other methods, an external test set, named Test-78, was prepared, which consists of 39 newly published independent active compounds and 39 inactive compounds from DrugBank. For target prediction, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of MultiDTI and MPNNs-CNN models are 0.93 and 0.91, respectively, whereas the AUCs of the other reported approaches range from 0.51 to 0.74. For virtual screening, the hit rate of D3AI-CoV is also better than other methods. D3AI-CoV is available for free as a web application at http://www.d3pharma.com/D3Targets-2019-nCoV/D3AI-CoV/index.php, which can serve as a rapid online tool for predicting potential targets for active compounds and for identifying active molecules against a specific target protein for COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Deshan Zhou
- Department of Computer Science, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xinben Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yulong Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiaxin Han
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Liping Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Leyun Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Minfei Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jintian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shaoliang Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Allen BD, Limoli CL. Breaking barriers: Neurodegenerative repercussions of radiotherapy induced damage on the blood-brain and blood-tumor barrier. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:189-201. [PMID: 34875340 PMCID: PMC8925982 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to radiation during the treatment of CNS tumors leads to detrimental damage of the blood brain barrier (BBB) in normal tissue. Effects are characterized by leakage of the vasculature which exposes the brain to a host of neurotoxic agents potentially leading to white matter necrosis, parenchymal calcification, and an increased chance of stroke. Vasculature of the blood tumor barrier (BTB) is irregular leading to poorly perfused and hypoxic tissue throughout the tumor that becomes resistant to radiation. While current clinical applications of cranial radiotherapy use dose fractionation to reduce normal tissue damage, these treatments still cause significant alterations to the cells that make up the neurovascular unit of the BBB and BTB. Damage to the vasculature manifests as reduction in tight junction proteins, alterations to membrane transporters, impaired cell signaling, apoptosis, and cellular senescence. While radiotherapy treatments are detrimental to normal tissue, adapting combined strategies with radiation targeted to damage the BTB could aid in drug delivery. Understanding differences between the BBB and the BTB may provide valuable insight allowing clinicians to improve treatment outcomes. Leveraging this information should allow advances in the development of therapeutic modalities that will protect the normal tissue while simultaneously improving CNS tumor treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barrett D Allen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Charles L Limoli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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Qi D, Liu Y, Li J, Huang JH, Hu X, Wu E. Salinomycin as a potent anticancer stem cell agent: State of the art and future directions. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:1037-1063. [PMID: 34786735 PMCID: PMC9298915 DOI: 10.1002/med.21870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of cells within a tumor that can both self‐renew and differentiate into other cell types forming the heterogeneous tumor bulk. Since CSCs are involved in all aspects of cancer development, including tumor initiation, cell proliferation, metastatic dissemination, therapy resistance, and recurrence, they have emerged as attractive targets for cancer treatment and management. Salinomycin, a widely used antibiotic in poultry farming, was identified by the Weinberg group as a potent anti‐CSC agent in 2009. As a polyether ionophore, salinomycin exerts broad‐spectrum activities, including the important anti‐CSC function. Studies on the mechanism of action of salinomycin against cancer have been continuously and rapidly published since then. Thus, it is imperative for us to update its literature of recent research findings in this area. We here summarize the notable work reported on salinomycin's anticancer activities, intracellular binding target(s), effects on tumor microenvironment, safety, derivatives, and tumor‐specific drug delivery; after that we also discuss the translational potential of salinomycin toward clinical application based on current multifaceted understandings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas, USA.,Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Yunyi Liu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Jason H Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas, USA.,Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas, USA.,Department of Surgery, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Hu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Erxi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas, USA.,Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas, USA.,Department of Surgery, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA.,LIVESTRONG Cancer Institutes and Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Pharmacy, College Station, Texas, USA
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5
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Burke RM, Dirkx RA, Quijada P, Lighthouse JK, Mohan A, O'Brien M, Wojciechowski W, Woeller CF, Phipps RP, Alexis JD, Ashton JM, Small EM. Prevention of Fibrosis and Pathological Cardiac Remodeling by Salinomycin. Circ Res 2021; 128:1663-1678. [PMID: 33825488 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Burke
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (R.M.B., R.A.D., P.Q., J.K.L., A.M., E.M.S.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY
| | - Ronald A Dirkx
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (R.M.B., R.A.D., P.Q., J.K.L., A.M., E.M.S.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY
| | - Pearl Quijada
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (R.M.B., R.A.D., P.Q., J.K.L., A.M., E.M.S.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY
| | - Janet K Lighthouse
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (R.M.B., R.A.D., P.Q., J.K.L., A.M., E.M.S.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY
| | - Amy Mohan
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (R.M.B., R.A.D., P.Q., J.K.L., A.M., E.M.S.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY
| | - Meghann O'Brien
- Genomics Research Center (M.O., W.W., J.M.A.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY
| | - Wojciech Wojciechowski
- Genomics Research Center (M.O., W.W., J.M.A.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY
| | - Collynn F Woeller
- Environmental Medicine (C.F.W., R.P.P.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY.,Department of Medicine (C.F.W., R.P.P., J.D.A., E.M.S.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY
| | - Richard P Phipps
- Environmental Medicine (C.F.W., R.P.P.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY.,Department of Medicine (C.F.W., R.P.P., J.D.A., E.M.S.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY
| | - Jeffrey D Alexis
- Department of Medicine (C.F.W., R.P.P., J.D.A., E.M.S.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY
| | - John M Ashton
- Genomics Research Center (M.O., W.W., J.M.A.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY
| | - Eric M Small
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (R.M.B., R.A.D., P.Q., J.K.L., A.M., E.M.S.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY.,Department of Medicine (C.F.W., R.P.P., J.D.A., E.M.S.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY.,Pharmacology and Physiology (E.M.S.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY.,Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, NY (E.M.S.)
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Irmak G, Öztürk MG, Gümüşderelioğlu M. Salinomycin encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles eliminate osteosarcoma cells via inducing/inhibiting multiple signaling pathways: Comparison with free salinomycin. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Bellat V, Verchère A, Ashe SA, Law B. Transcriptomic insight into salinomycin mechanisms in breast cancer cell lines: synergistic effects with dasatinib and induction of estrogen receptor β. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:661. [PMID: 32678032 PMCID: PMC7364656 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumors are heterogeneous in nature, composed of different cell populations with various mutations and/or phenotypes. Using a single drug to encounter cancer progression is generally ineffective. To improve the treatment outcome, multiple drugs of distinctive mechanisms but complementary anticancer activities (combination therapy) are often used to enhance antitumor efficacy and minimize the risk of acquiring drug resistance. We report here the synergistic effects of salinomycin (a polyether antibiotic) and dasatinib (a Src kinase inhibitor). METHODS Functionally, both drugs induce cell cycle arrest, intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS) production, and apoptosis. We rationalized that an overlapping of the drug activities should offer an enhanced anticancer effect, either through vertical inhibition of the Src-STAT3 axis or horizontal suppression of multiple pathways. We determined the toxicity induced by the drug combination and studied the kinetics of iROS production by fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry. Using genomic and proteomic techniques, including RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and Western Blot, we subsequently identified the responsible pathways that contributed to the synergistic effects of the drug combination. RESULTS Compared to either drug alone, the drug combination showed enhanced potency against MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7 human breast cancer (BC) cell lines and tumor spheroids. The drug combination induces both iROS generation and apoptosis in a time-dependent manner, following a 2-step kinetic profile. RNA-seq data revealed that the drug combination exhibited synergism through horizontal suppression of multiple pathways, possibly through a promotion of cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase via the estrogen-mediated S-phase entry pathway, and partially via the BRCA1 and DNA damage response pathway. CONCLUSION Transcriptomic analyses revealed for the first time, that the estrogen-mediated S-phase entry pathway partially contributed to the synergistic effect of the drug combination. More importantly, our studies led to the discoveries of new potential therapeutic targets, such as E2F2, as well as a novel drug-induced targeting of estrogen receptor β (ESR2) approach for triple-negative breast cancer treatment, currently lacking of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Bellat
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alice Verchère
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sally A Ashe
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benedict Law
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Lead contact, New York, USA.
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Wang Z, Zhou L, Xiong Y, Yu S, Li H, Fan J, Li F, Su Z, Song J, Sun Q, Liu SS, Xia Y, Zhao L, Li S, Guo F, Huang P, Carson DA, Lu D. Salinomycin exerts anti-colorectal cancer activity by targeting the β-catenin/T-cell factor complex. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3390-3406. [PMID: 31236922 PMCID: PMC6692576 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Salinomycin is a well‐known inhibitor of human cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, the molecular mechanism(s) by which salinomycin targets colorectal CSCs is poorly understood. Here, we have investigated underlying antitumour mechanisms of salinomycin in colorectal cancer cells and three tumour models. Experimental Approach The inhibitory effect of salinomycin on the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway was analysed with the SuperTopFlash reporter system. The mRNA expression of Wnt target genes was evaluated with real‐time PCR. Effects of salinomycin on β‐catenin/TCF4E interaction were examined using co‐immunoprecipitation and an in vitro GST pull‐down assay. Cell proliferation was determined by BrdU incorporation and soft agar colony formation assay. The stemness of the cells was assessed by sphere formation assay. Antitumour effects of salinomycin on colorectal cancers was evaluated with colorectal CSC xenografts, APCmin/+ transgenic mice, and patient‐derived colorectal tumour xenografts. Key Results Salinomycin blocked β‐catenin/TCF4E complex formation in colorectal cancer cells and in an in vitro GST pull‐down assay, thus decreasing expression of Wnt target genes. Salinomycin also suppressed the transcriptional activity mediated by β‐catenin/LEF1 or β‐catenin/TCF4E complex and exhibited an inhibitory effect on the sphere formation, proliferation, and anchorage‐independent growth of colorectal cancer cells. In colorectal tumour xenografts and APCmin/+ transgenic mice, administration of salinomycin significantly reduced tumour growth and the expression of CSC‐related Wnt target genes including LGR5. Conclusions and Implications Our study suggested that salinomycin could suppress the growth of colorectal cancer by disrupting the β‐catenin/TCF complex and thus may be a promising agent for colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Carson International Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Carson International Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanpeng Xiong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Carson International Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shubin Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Carson International Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huan Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Carson International Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaoyang Fan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Carson International Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fan Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zijie Su
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Carson International Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaxing Song
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Carson International Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Carson International Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shan-Shan Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Carson International Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuqing Xia
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Carson International Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Carson International Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shiyue Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Carson International Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang Guo
- Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dennis A Carson
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Carson International Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California
| | - Desheng Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Carson International Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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Ko JC, Chen JC, Chen TY, Yen TC, Ma PF, Lin YC, Wu CH, Peng YS, Zheng HY, Lin YW. Inhibition of thymidine phosphorylase expression by Hsp90 inhibitor potentiates the cytotoxic effect of salinomycin in human non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Toxicology 2019; 417:54-63. [PMID: 30796972 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Salinomycin is a polyether ionophore antibiotic having anti-tumorigenic property in various types of cancer. Elevated thymidine phosphorylase (TP) levels, a key enzyme in the pyrimidine nucleoside salvage pathway, are associated with an aggressive disease phenotype and poor prognoses. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a ubiquitous molecular chaperone that is responsible for the stabilization and maturation of many oncogenic proteins. In this study, we report whether Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG could enhance salinomycin-induced cytotoxicity in NSCLC cells through modulating TP expression in two non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, A549 and H1975. We found that salinomycin increased TP expression in a MKK3/6-p38 MAPK activation manner. Knockdown of TP using siRNA or inactivation of p38 MAPK by pharmacological inhibitor SB203580 enhanced the cytotoxic and growth inhibition effects of salinomycin. In contrast, enforced expression of MKK6E (a constitutively active form of MKK6) reduced the cytotoxicity and cell growth inhibition of salinomycin. Moreover, Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG enhanced cytotoxicity and cell growth inhibition of salinomycin in NSCLC cells, which were associated with down-regulation of TP expression and inactivation of p38 MAPK. Together, the Hsp90 inhibition induced TP down-regulation involved in enhancing the salinomycin-induced cytotoxicity in A549 and H1975 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Chung Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Cheng Chen
- Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ying Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chuan Yen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Fang Ma
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Cheng Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Wu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shuan Peng
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yu Zheng
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Wei Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan.
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10
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Antoszczak M. A medicinal chemistry perspective on salinomycin as a potent anticancer and anti-CSCs agent. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 164:366-377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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11
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Versini A, Saier L, Sindikubwabo F, Müller S, Cañeque T, Rodriguez R. Chemical biology of salinomycin. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Liu C, Wang L, Qiu H, Dong Q, Feng Y, Li D, Li C, Fan C. Combined Strategy of Radioactive 125I Seeds and Salinomycin for Enhanced Glioma Chemo-radiotherapy: Evidences for ROS-Mediated Apoptosis and Signaling Crosstalk. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1317-1327. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2547-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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13
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Roulston GDR, Burt CL, Kettyle LMJ, Matchett KB, Keenan HL, Mulgrew NM, Ramsey JM, Dougan C, McKiernan J, Grishagin IV, Mills KI, Thompson A. Low-dose salinomycin induces anti-leukemic responses in AML and MLL. Oncotarget 2018; 7:73448-73461. [PMID: 27612428 PMCID: PMC5341990 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of anti-cancer drugs towards clinical application is costly and inefficient. Large screens of drugs, efficacious for non-cancer disease, are currently being used to identify candidates for repurposing based on their anti-cancer properties. Here, we show that low-dose salinomycin, a coccidiostat ionophore previously identified in a breast cancer screen, has anti-leukemic efficacy. AML and MLLr cell lines, primary cells and patient samples were sensitive to submicromolar salinomycin. Most strikingly, colony formation of normal hematopoietic cells was unaffected by salinomycin, demonstrating a lack of hemotoxicity at the effective concentrations. Furthermore, salinomycin treatment of primary cells resulted in loss of leukemia repopulation ability following transplantation, as demonstrated by extended recipient survival compared to controls. Bioinformatic analysis of a 17-gene signature identified and validated in primary MLLr cells, uncovered immunomodulatory pathways, hubs and protein interactions as potential transducers of low dose salinomycin treatment. Additionally, increased protein expression of p62/Sqstm1, encoded for by one of the 17 signature genes, demonstrates a role for salinomycin in aggresome/vesicle formation indicative of an autophagic response. Together, the data support the efficacy of salinomycin as an anti-leukemic at non-hemotoxic concentrations. Further investigation alone or in combination with other therapies is warranted for future clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary D R Roulston
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte L Burt
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Laura M J Kettyle
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Kyle B Matchett
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Heather L Keenan
- Cambridge University School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, United Kingdom
| | - Nuala M Mulgrew
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne M Ramsey
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Caoifa Dougan
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - John McKiernan
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan V Grishagin
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Ken I Mills
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Thompson
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.,Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering & Modelling (STEM), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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14
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of 20-epi-amino-20-deoxysalinomycin derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 148:279-290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Jiang J, Li H, Qaed E, Zhang J, Song Y, Wu R, Bu X, Wang Q, Tang Z. Salinomycin, as an autophagy modulator-- a new avenue to anticancer: a review. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:26. [PMID: 29433536 PMCID: PMC5809980 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0680-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Since Salinomycin (Sal) emerged its ability to target breast cancer stem cells in 2009, numerous experiments have been carried out to test Sal’s anticancer effects. What deserve to be mentioned is that Sal can efficiently induce proliferation inhibition, cell death and metastasis suppression against human cancers from different origins both in vivo and in vitro without causing serious side effects as the conventional chemotherapeutical drugs on the body. There may be novel cell death pathways involving the anticancer effects of Sal except the conventional pathways, such as autophagic pathway. This review is focused on how autophagy involves the effects of Sal, trying to describe clearly and systematically why autophagy plays a vital role in predominant anticancer effects of Sal, including its distinctive characteristic. Based on recent advances, we present evidence that a dual role of Sal involving in autophagy may account for its unique anticancer effects - the preference for cancer cells. Further researches are required to confirm the authenticity of this suppose in order to develop an ideal anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 9 west section, south road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Hailong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 9 west section, south road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Eskandar Qaed
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 9 west section, south road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 9 west section, south road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yushu Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 9 west section, south road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 9 west section, south road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xinmiao Bu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 9 west section, south road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Qinyan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 9 west section, south road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Zeyao Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 9 west section, south road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
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16
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Li T, Liu X, Shen Q, Yang W, Huo Z, Liu Q, Jiao H, Chen J. Salinomycin exerts anti-angiogenic and anti-tumorigenic activities by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2-mediated angiogenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:26580-92. [PMID: 27058891 PMCID: PMC5042000 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-angiogenesis targeting VEGFR2 has been an attractive strategy for cancer therapy for its role in promoting cancer growth and metastasis. However, the currently available drugs have unexpected side effects. Therefore, development of novel VEGFR2 inhibitors with less toxicity would be of great value. In this study, we describe a novel and safely VEGFR2 inhibitor, Salinomycin (Sal), which was screened from the drug libraries of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and prohibited the binding of the ATP at its binding pocket of VEGFR2 using molecular docking model. Sal could interfere a series of VEGF-induced angiogenesis processes including proliferation, migration, and tube formation in HUVECS in vitro. Matrigel plug model demonstrated Sal strongly inhibited angiogenesis in vivo. We found that Sal significantly decreased VEGF-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and its downstream STAT3 in dose- and time-dependent manner in HUVECs. Besides, Sal could directly reduce the cell viability and induce apoptosis in SGC-7901 cancer cells in vitro. Sal inhibited constitutive STAT3 activation by blocking its DNA binding and reduced various gene products including Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and VEGF both at mRNA and protein levels. Intra-peritoneal injection of Sal at doses of 3 and 5 mg/kg/day markedly suppressed human gastric cancer xenografts angiogenesis and growth without causing obvious toxicities. Taken together, Sal inhibits tumor angiogenesis and growth of gastric cancer; our results reveal unique characteristics of Sal as a promising anticancer drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of the Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of Medical Genetic and Cell Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.,Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance (Ningxia Medical University), Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Qin Shen
- Department of Medical Genetic and Cell Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.,Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance (Ningxia Medical University), Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Department of Medical Genetic and Cell Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.,Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance (Ningxia Medical University), Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Zhenghao Huo
- Department of Medical Genetic and Cell Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.,Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance (Ningxia Medical University), Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Qilun Liu
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of the Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Haiyan Jiao
- Department of Medical Genetic and Cell Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.,Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance (Ningxia Medical University), Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Medical Genetic and Cell Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.,Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance (Ningxia Medical University), Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750004, China
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17
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Salinomycin acts through reducing AKT-dependent thymidylate synthase expression to enhance erlotinib-induced cytotoxicity in human lung cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2017; 357:59-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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18
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Zhang G, Wang W, Yao C, Ren J, Zhang S, Han M. Salinomycin overcomes radioresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by inhibiting Nrf2 level and promoting ROS generation. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:147-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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19
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Dewangan J, Srivastava S, Rath SK. Salinomycin: A new paradigm in cancer therapy. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317695035. [PMID: 28349817 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317695035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary hurdle in the treatment of cancer is acquisition of resistance by the tumor cells toward multiple drugs and selectively targeting the cancer stem cells. This problem was overcome by the chemotherapeutic property of recently discovered drug salinomycin. Exact mechanism of action of salinomycin is not yet known, but there are multiple pathways by which salinomycin inhibits tumor growth. Salinomycin decreases the expression of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter in multidrug resistance cells and interferes with Akt signaling pathway, Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog, and Notch pathways of cancer progression. Salinomycin selectively targets cancer stem cells. The potential of salinomycin to eliminate both cancer stem cells and therapy-resistant cancer cells may characterize the compound as a novel and an efficient chemotherapeutic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayant Dewangan
- Genotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sonal Srivastava
- Genotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Srikanta Kumar Rath
- Genotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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20
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Kolosenko I, Avnet S, Baldini N, Viklund J, De Milito A. Therapeutic implications of tumor interstitial acidification. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 43:119-133. [PMID: 28188829 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial acidification is a hallmark of solid tumor tissues resulting from the combination of different factors, including cellular buffering systems, defective tissue perfusion and high rates of cellular metabolism. Besides contributing to tumor pathogenesis and promoting tumor progression, tumor acidosis constitutes an important intrinsic and extrinsic mechanism modulating therapy sensitivity and drug resistance. In fact, pharmacological properties of anticancer drugs can be affected not only by tissue structure and organization but also by the distribution of the interstitial tumor pH. The acidic tumor environment is believed to create a chemical barrier that limits the effects and activity of many anticancer drugs. In this review article we will discuss the general protumorigenic effects of acidosis, the role of tumor acidosis in the modulation of therapeutic efficacy and potential strategies to overcome pH-dependent therapy-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Kolosenko
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofia Avnet
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Angelo De Milito
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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21
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El-Awady R, Saleh E, Hashim A, Soliman N, Dallah A, Elrasheed A, Elakraa G. The Role of Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic ABC Transporter Family in Failure of Chemotherapy. Front Pharmacol 2017; 7:535. [PMID: 28119610 PMCID: PMC5223437 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years chemotherapy failure has been a vital research topic as researchers have been striving to discover reasons behind it. The extensive studies carried out on chemotherapeutic agents confirm that resistance to chemotherapy is a major reason for treatment failure. “Resistance to chemotherapy,” however, is a comprehensive phrase that refers to a variety of different mechanisms in which ATP-binding cassette (ABC) mediated efflux dominates. The ABC is one of the largest gene superfamily of transporters among both eukaryotes and prokaryotes; it represents a variety of genes that code for proteins, which perform countless functions, including drug efflux – a natural process that protects cells from foreign chemicals. Up to date, chemotherapy failure due to ABC drug efflux is an active research topic that continuously provides further evidence on multiple drug resistance (MDR), aiding scientists in tackling and overcoming this issue. This review focuses on drug resistance by ABC efflux transporters in human, viral, parasitic, fungal and bacterial cells and highlights the importance of the MDR permeability glycoprotein being the mutual ABC transporter among all studied organisms. Current developments and future directions to overcome this problem are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raafat El-Awady
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research and College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ekram Saleh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research and College of Pharmacy, University of SharjahSharjah, United Arab Emirates; National Cancer Institute - Cancer Biology Department, Cairo UniversityCairo, Egypt
| | - Amna Hashim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research and College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nehal Soliman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research and College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alaa Dallah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research and College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Azza Elrasheed
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research and College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ghada Elakraa
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research and College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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22
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Abstract
Cells depend on the lysosome for sequestration and degradation of macromolecules in order to maintain metabolic homeostasis. These membrane-enclosed organelles can receive intracellular and extracellular cargo through endocytosis, phagocytosis, and autophagy. Lysosomes establish acidic environments to activate enzymes that are able to break down biomolecules engulfed through these various pathways. Recent advances in methods to study the lysosome have allowed the discovery of extended roles for the lysosome in various diseases, including cancer, making it an attractive and targetable node for therapeutic intervention. This review focuses on key aspects of lysosomal biology in the context of cancer and how these properties can be exploited for the development of new therapeutic strategies. This will provide a contextual framework for how advances in methodology could be applied in future translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Fennelly
- Department of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 777 South Tower PCAM, 34th St. and Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ravi K Amaravadi
- Department of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 777 South Tower PCAM, 34th St. and Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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23
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Salinomycin enhances cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in human lung cancer cells via down-regulation of AKT-dependent thymidylate synthase expression. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 122:90-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Muntimadugu E, Kumar R, Saladi S, Rafeeqi TA, Khan W. CD44 targeted chemotherapy for co-eradication of breast cancer stem cells and cancer cells using polymeric nanoparticles of salinomycin and paclitaxel. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 143:532-546. [PMID: 27045981 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This combinational therapy is mainly aimed for complete eradication of tumor by killing both cancer cells and cancer stem cells. Salinomycin (SLM) was targeted towards cancer stem cells whereas paclitaxel (PTX) was used to kill cancer cells. Drug loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles were prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion method using cationic stabilizer. Size of the nanoparticles (below 150nm) was determined by dynamic light scattering technique and transmission electron microscopy. In vitro release study confirmed the sustained release pattern of SLM and PTX from nanoparticles more than a month. Cytotoxicity studies on MCF-7 cells revealed the toxicity potential of nanoparticles over drug solutions. Hyaluronic acid (HA) was coated onto the surface of SLM nanoparticles for targeting CD44 receptors over expressed on cancer stem cells and they showed the highest cytotoxicity with minimum IC50 on breast cancer cells. Synergistic cytotoxic effect was also observed with combination of nanoparticles. Cell uptake studies were carried out using FITC loaded nanoparticles. These particles showed improved cellular uptake over FITC solution and HA coating further enhanced the effect by 1.5 folds. CD44 binding efficiency of nanoparticles was studied by staining MDA-MB-231 cells with anti CD44 human antibody and CD44(+) cells were enumerated using flow cytometry. CD44(+) cell count was drastically decreased when treated with HA coated SLM nanoparticles indicating their efficiency towards cancer stem cells. Combination of HA coated SLM nanoparticles and PTX nanoparticles showed the highest cytotoxicity against CD44(+) cells. Hence combinational therapy using conventional chemotherapeutic drug and cancer stem cell inhibitor could be a promising approach in overcoming cancer recurrence due to resistant cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eameema Muntimadugu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Rajendra Kumar
- UGC Centre of Excellence in Applications of Nanomaterials, Nanoparticles, and Nanocomposites, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Shantikumar Saladi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Towseef Amin Rafeeqi
- Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Central Research Institute of Unani Medicine (CRIUM), Hyderabad 500038, India
| | - Wahid Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, India.
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25
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Xiao Z, Sperl B, Ullrich A, Knyazev P. Metformin and salinomycin as the best combination for the eradication of NSCLC monolayer cells and their alveospheres (cancer stem cells) irrespective of EGFR, KRAS, EML4/ALK and LKB1 status. Oncotarget 2015; 5:12877-90. [PMID: 25375092 PMCID: PMC4350329 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is linked to preexisting or acquired drug resistance and tumor relapse. Therefore, targeting both differentiated tumor cells and CSCs was suggested as an effective approach for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. After screening of chemotherapeutic agents, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) or monoclonal antibody in combination with the putative stem cell killer Salinomycin (SAL), we found Metformin (METF), which modestly exerted a growth inhibitory effect on monolayer cells and alveospheres/CSCs of 5 NSCLC cell lines regardless of their EGFR, KRAS, EML4/ALK and LKB1 status, interacted synergistically with SAL to effectively promote cell death. Inhibition of EGFR (AKT, ERK1/2) and mTOR (p70 s6k) signaling with the combination of METF and SAL can be augmented beyond that achieved using each agent individually. Phospho-kinase assay further suggested the multiple roles of this combination in reducing oncogenic effects of modules, such as ß-catenin, Src family kinases (Src, Lyn, Yes), Chk-2 and FAK. Remarkably, significant reduction of sphere formation was seen under combinatorial treatment in all investigated NSCLC cell lines. In conclusion, METF in combination with SAL could be a promising treatment option for patients with advanced NSCLC irrespective of their EGFR, KRAS, EML4/ALK and LKB1 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Xiao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Bianca Sperl
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Axel Ullrich
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Pjotr Knyazev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz, Martinsried, Germany
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26
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Resham K, Patel PN, Thummuri D, Guntuku L, Shah V, Bambal RB, Naidu V. Preclinical drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics of salinomycin, a potential candidate for targeting human cancer stem cells. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 240:146-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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27
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Antoszczak M, Klejborowska G, Kruszyk M, Maj E, Wietrzyk J, Huczyński A. Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Silybin Conjugates with Salinomycin and Monensin. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:1378-86. [PMID: 26058448 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aiming at development of multitarget drugs for the anticancer treatment, new silybin (SIL) conjugates with salinomycin (SAL) and monensin (MON) were synthesized, in mild esterification conditions, and their antiproliferative activity was studied. The conjugates obtained exhibit anticancer activity against HepG2, LoVo and LoVo/DX cancer cell lines. Moreover, MON-SIL conjugate exhibits higher anticancer potential and better selectivity than the corresponding SAL-SIL conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Antoszczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Greta Klejborowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Kruszyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Maj
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adam Huczyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
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28
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Park SH. Structure-Activity-Relationship Study of the Novel p21/waf1 Inhibitor for Anti-Cancer Agents against Renal Cell Carcinoma. INT J PHARMACOL 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2015.387.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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29
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Wang S, Mou Z, Ma Y, Li J, Li J, Ji X, Wu K, Li L, Lu W, Zhou T. Dopamine enhances the response of sunitinib in the treatment of drug-resistant breast cancer: Involvement of eradicating cancer stem-like cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 95:98-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Shang Z, Cai Q, Zhang M, Zhu S, Ma Y, Sun L, Jiang N, Tian J, Niu X, Chen J, Sun Y, Niu Y. A switch from CD44⁺ cell to EMT cell drives the metastasis of prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:1202-16. [PMID: 25483103 PMCID: PMC4359227 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been linked to cancer stem-like (CD44+) cell in the prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis. However, the molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, we found EMT contributed to metastasis in PCa patients failed in androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Castration TRAMP model also proved PCa treated with ADT promoted EMT with increased CD44+ stem-like cells. Switched CD44+ cell to EMT cell is a key step for luminal PCa cell metastasis. Our results also suggested ADT might go through promoting TGFβ1-CD44 signaling to enhance swift to EMT. Targeting CD44 with salinomycin and siRNA could inhibit cell transition and decrease PCa invasion. Together, cancer stem-like (CD44+) cells could be the initiator cells of EMT modulated by TGFβ1-CD44 signaling. Combined therapy of ADT with anti-CD44 may become a new potential therapeutic approach to battle later stage PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqun Shang
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiliang Cai
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Minghao Zhang
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shimiao Zhu
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Libin Sun
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaodan Niu
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Jiatong Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai university, Tianjin, China
| | - Yinghao Sun
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanjie Niu
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Chen X, Gu Y, Singh K, Shang C, Barzegar M, Jiang S, Huang S. Maduramicin inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in myoblast cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115652. [PMID: 25531367 PMCID: PMC4274093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Maduramicin, a polyether ionophore antibiotic derived from the bacterium Actinomadura yumaensis, is currently used as a feed additive against coccidiosis in poultry worldwide. It has been clinically observed that maduramicin can cause skeletal muscle and heart cell damage, resulting in skeletal muscle degeneration, heart failure, and even death in animals and humans, if improperly used. However, the mechanism of its toxic action in myoblasts is not well understood. Using mouse myoblasts (C2C12) and human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD and Rh30) cells as an experimental model for myoblasts, here we found that maduramicin inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell death in a concentration-dependent manner. Further studies revealed that maduramicin induced accumulation of the cells at G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, and induced apoptosis in the cells. Concurrently, maduramicin downregulated protein expression of cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK4 and CDK6), and CDC25A, and upregulated expression of the CDK inhibitors (p21Cip1 and p27Kip1), resulting in decreased phosphorylation of Rb. Maduramicin also induced expression of BAK, BAD, DR4, TRADD and TRAIL, leading to activation of caspases 8, 9 and 3 as well as cleavage of poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP). Taken together, our results suggest that maduramicin executes its toxicity in myoblasts at least by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Ying Gu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Karnika Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Chaowei Shang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Mansoureh Barzegar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Shanxiang Jiang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (SJ); (SH)
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SJ); (SH)
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Lu Y, Ma W, Mao J, Yu X, Hou Z, Fan S, Song B, Wang H, Li J, Kang L, Liu P, Liu Q, Li L. Salinomycin exerts anticancer effects on human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cancer stem cells via modulation of Hedgehog signaling. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 228:100-7. [PMID: 25499043 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer tissue contains a small population of cells that have the ability to self-renew, these cells are known as breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). The Hedgehog signal transduction pathway plays a central role in stem cell development, its aberrant activation has been shown to contribute to the development of breast cancer, making this pathway an attractive therapeutic target. Salinomycin (Sal) is a novel identified cancer stem cells (CSCs) killer, however, the molecular basis for its anticancer effects is not yet clear. In the current study, Sal's ability to modulate the activity of key elements in the Hedgehog pathway was examined in the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, as well as in a subpopulation of cancer stem cells identified within this cancer cell line. We show here that Sal inhibits proliferation, invasion, and migration while also inducing apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Interestingly, in a subpopulation of MCF-7 cells with the CD44(+)/CD24(-) markers and high ALDH1 levels indicative of BCSCs, modulators of Hedgehog signaling Smo and Gli1 were significantly down-regulated upon treatment with Sal. These results demonstrate that Sal also inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of BCSCs, further establishing it as therapeutically relevant in the context of breast cancers and also indicating that modulation of Hedgehog signaling is one potential mechanism by which it exerts these anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lu
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Jun Mao
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Tumor Stem Cell Research of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Xiaotang Yu
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Zhenhuan Hou
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Shujun Fan
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Jiazhi Li
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Le Kang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Pixu Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Quentin Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Lianhong Li
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Tumor Stem Cell Research of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China.
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Synthesis, anticancer and antibacterial activity of salinomycin N-benzyl amides. Molecules 2014; 19:19435-59. [PMID: 25429565 PMCID: PMC6271077 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191219435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 12 novel monosubstituted N-benzyl amides of salinomycin (SAL) was synthesized for the first time and characterized by NMR and FT-IR spectroscopic methods. Molecular structures of three salinomycin derivatives in the solid state were determined using single crystal X-ray method. All compounds obtained were screened for their antiproliferative activity against various human cancer cell lines as well as against the most problematic bacteria strains such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Novel salinomycin derivatives exhibited potent anticancer activity against drug-resistant cell lines. Additionally, two N-benzyl amides of salinomycin revealed interesting antibacterial activity. The most active were N-benzyl amides of SAL substituted at -ortho position and the least anticancer active derivatives were those substituted at the -para position.
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Sensitization of cancer cells through reduction of total Akt and downregulation of salinomycin-induced pAkt, pGSk3β, pTSC2, and p4EBP1 by cotreatment with MK-2206. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:295760. [PMID: 25114899 PMCID: PMC4119636 DOI: 10.1155/2014/295760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
MK-2206 is an inhibitor of Akt activation. It has been investigated as an anticancer drug in clinical trials assessing the potential of pAkt targeting therapy. The purpose of this study was to identify conditions that increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to MK-2206. We found that the treatment of cancer cells with a high concentration of salinomycin (Sal) reduced total Akt protein levels but increased activated Akt levels. When cancer cells were cotreated with MK-2206 and Sal, both pAkt and total Akt levels were reduced. Using microscopic observation, an assessment of cleaved PARP, FACS analysis of pre-G1 region, and Hoechst staining, we found that Sal increased apoptosis of MK-2206-treated cancer cells. These results suggest that cotreatment with MK-2206 and Sal sensitizes cancer cells via reduction of both pAkt and total Akt. Furthermore, cotreatment of cancer cells with Sal and MK-2206 reduced pp70S6K, pmTOR, and pPDK1 levels. In addition, Sal-induced activation of GSK3β, TSC2, and 4EBP1 was abolished by MK-2206 cotreatment. These results suggest that cotreatment using MK-2206 and Sal could be used as a therapeutic method to sensitize cancer cells through targeting of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Our findings may contribute to the development of MK-2206-based sensitization therapies for cancer patients.
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35
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Choi AR, Kim JH, Yoon S. Thioridazine specifically sensitizes drug-resistant cancer cells through highly increase in apoptosis and P-gp inhibition. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:9831-8. [PMID: 24989930 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to identify conditions that induce an increase in the sensitivity of drug-resistant cancer cells compared to sensitive cells. Using cell proliferation assays and microscopic observation, thioridazine (THIO) was found to induce higher sensitization in drug-resistant KBV20C cancer cells compared to sensitive KB parent cells. By studying cleaved PARP, annexin V staining, and Hoechst staining, we found that THIO largely increased apoptosis specifically in KBV20C cells, suggesting that the difference in sensitization between the resistant and sensitive cells can be attributed to the ability of THIO to induce apoptosis. THIO could also inhibit p-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity in the resistant KBV20C cells. These observations suggest that the mechanisms underlying THIO sensitization in resistant KBV20C cells involve both apoptosis and P-gp inhibition. Furthermore, co-treatment with THIO and vinblastine (VIB) induces higher sensitization in KBV20C cells than KB cells. As observed in a single treatment with THIO, the sensitization mechanism induced by the co-treatment also involves both apoptosis and P-gp inhibition. These results suggest that the THIO sensitization mechanism is generally conserved. Our findings may contribute to the development of THIO-based therapies for patients presenting resistance to antimitotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae-Ran Choi
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 809 Madu 1-dong, Ilsan-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 411-764, Republic of Korea
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Cui FB, Liu Q, Li RT, Shen J, Wu PY, Yu LX, Hu WJ, Wu FL, Jiang CP, Yue GF, Qian XP, Jiang XQ, Liu BR. Enhancement of radiotherapy efficacy by miR-200c-loaded gelatinase-stimuli PEG-Pep-PCL nanoparticles in gastric cancer cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:2345-58. [PMID: 24872697 PMCID: PMC4026568 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s60874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is the main locoregional control modality for many types of unresectable tumors, including gastric cancer. However, many patients fail radiotherapy due to intrinsic radioresistance of cancer cells, which has been found to be strongly associated with cancer stem cell (CSC)-like properties. In this study, we developed a nanoparticle formulation to deliver miR-200c, which is reported to inhibit CSC-like properties, and then evaluated its potential activity as a radiosensitizer. miR-200c nanoparticles significantly augmented radiosensitivity in three gastric cancer cell lines (sensitization enhancement ratio 1.13–1.25), but only slightly in GES-1 cells (1.06). In addition to radioenhancement, miR-200c nanoparticles reduced the expression of CD44, a putative CSC marker, and the percentage of CD44+ BGC823 cells. Meanwhile, other CSC-like properties, including invasiveness and resistance to apoptosis, could be suppressed by miR-200c nanoparticles. CSC-associated radioresistance mechanisms, involving reactive oxygen species levels and DNA repair capacity, were also attenuated. We have demonstrated that miR-200c nanoparticles are an effective radiosensitizer in gastric cancer cells and induce little radiosensitization in normal cells, which suggests that they are as a promising candidate for further preclinical and clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-bo Cui
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum-Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum-Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru-Tian Li
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum-Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Shen
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum-Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu-yuan Wu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum-Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xia Yu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum-Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-jing Hu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum-Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-lei Wu
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Ping Jiang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum-Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-feng Yue
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Qian
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum-Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Qun Jiang
- Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Rui Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum-Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Sensitization of cancer cells to radiation by selenadiazole derivatives by regulation of ROS-mediated DNA damage and ERK and AKT pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 449:88-93. [PMID: 24813998 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
X-ray-based radiotherapy represents one of the most effective ways in treating human cancers. However, radioresistance and side effect remain as the most challenging issue. This study describes the design and application of novel selenadiazole derivatives as radiotherapy sensitizers to enhance X-ray-induced inhibitory effects on A375 human melanoma and Hela human cervical carcinoma cells. The results showed that, pretreatment of the cells with selenadiazole derivatives dramatically enhance X-ray-induced growth inhibition and colony formation. Flow cytometry analysis indicates that the sensitization by selenadiazole derivatives was mainly caused by induction of G2/M cell cycle arrest. Results of Western blotting demonstrated that the combined treatment-induced A375 cells growth inhibition was achieved by triggering reactive oxygen species-mediated DNA damage involving inactivation of AKT and MAPKs. Further investigation revealed that selenadiazole derivative in combination with X-ray could synergistically inhibit the activity of thioredoxin reductase-1 in A375 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that selenadiazole derivatives can act as novel radiosensitizer with potential application in combating human cancers.
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38
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Zhou S, Wang F, Wong ET, Fonkem E, Hsieh TC, Wu JM, Wu E. Salinomycin: a novel anti-cancer agent with known anti-coccidial activities. Curr Med Chem 2014; 20:4095-101. [PMID: 23931281 DOI: 10.2174/15672050113109990199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Salinomycin, traditionally used as an anti-coccidial drug, has recently been shown to possess anti-cancer and anti-cancer stem cell (CSC) effects, as well as activities to overcome multi-drug resistance based on studies using human cancer cell lines, xenograft mice, and in case reports involving cancer patients in pilot clinical trials. Therefore, salinomycin may be considered as a promising novel anti-cancer agent despite its largely unknown mechanism of action. This review summarizes the pharmacologic effects of salinomycin and presents possible mechanisms by which salinomycin exerts its anti-tumorigenic activities. Recent advances and potential complications that might limit the utilization of salinomycin as an anti-cancer and anti-CSC agent are also presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, 203 Sudro Hall, NDSU Dept 2665, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108-6050.
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Antoszczak M, Maj E, Stefańska J, Wietrzyk J, Janczak J, Brzezinski B, Huczyński A. Synthesis, antiproliferative and antibacterial activity of new amides of salinomycin. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1724-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Antoszczak M, Popiel K, Stefańska J, Wietrzyk J, Maj E, Janczak J, Michalska G, Brzezinski B, Huczyński A. Synthesis, cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of new esters of polyether antibiotic - salinomycin. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 76:435-44. [PMID: 24602789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A series of 12 novel ester derivatives of naturally occurring polyether antibiotic - salinomycin were synthesized, characterised by spectroscopic method and evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity. The new esters were demonstrated to form complexes with monovalent and divalent metal cation of 1:1 stoichiometry in contrast to the salinomycin which forms only complexes with monovalent cations. All the obtained compounds show potent antiproliferative activity against human cancer cell lines and a good selectivity index for cancer versus mammalian cells. Additionally, 3 compounds showed higher antiproliferative activity against the drug-resistant cancer cells and lower toxicity towards normal cells than those of unmodified salinomycin and standard anticancer drugs such as cisplatin and doxorubicin. Some of the synthesized compounds showed good inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus strains and clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE). These studies show that salinomycin esters are interesting scaffolds for the development of novel anticancer and Gram-positive antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Antoszczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Popiel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Stefańska
- Medical University of Warsaw, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Oczki 3, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Ludwik Hierszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Maj
- Ludwik Hierszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jan Janczak
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, PO Box 1410, 50-950 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Greta Michalska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Bogumil Brzezinski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Adam Huczyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland.
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41
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Kim JH, Chae M, Choi AR, Sik Kim H, Yoon S. SP600125 overcomes antimitotic drug-resistance in cancer cells by increasing apoptosis with independence of P-gp inhibition. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 723:141-7. [PMID: 24333214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify conditions that increase the sensitivity of resistant cancer cells to antimitotic drugs. Using MTS assays, microscopic observation, assessment of cleaved PARP, FACS analysis, and Hoechst staining, we found that the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (Jnk) inhibitor SP600125 (SP) sensitized the antimitotic drug-resistant KBV20C cancer cell line. The sensitization mechanism was independent of p-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibition. Interestingly, SP-induced sensitization was greater in resistant KBV20C cancer cells than in KB parent cells. The mechanism of SP-induced sensitization involved G2 arrest. KBV20C cells treated with SP and antimitotic drugs were more sensitized than cells treated with SP alone. This suggests that SP can restore sensitization for antimitotic drugs in resistant cancer cells. Our findings may contribute to the development of SP-based combination therapies for patients receiving anti-cancer agents that target microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hwa Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 809 Madu 1-dong, Ilsan-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 411-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Chae
- College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae-Ran Choi
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 809 Madu 1-dong, Ilsan-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 411-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungpil Yoon
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 809 Madu 1-dong, Ilsan-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 411-764, Republic of Korea.
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42
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Wu D, Zhang Y, Huang J, Fan Z, Shi F, Wang S. Salinomycin inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell in vitro and suppresses tumor growth in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 443:712-7. [PMID: 24333874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Salinomycin (Sal) is a polyether ionophore antibiotic that has recently been shown to induce cell death in various human cancer cells. However, whether salinomycin plays a functional role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has not been determined to date. The present study investigated the chemotherapeutic efficacy of salinomycin and its molecular mechanisms of action in NPC cells. Salinomycin efficiently inhibited proliferation and invasion of 3 NPC cell lines (CNE-1, CNE-2, and CNE-2/DDP) and activated a extensive apoptotic process that is accompanied by activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Meanwhile, the protein expression level of the Wnt coreceptor lipoprotein receptor related protein 6 (LRP6) and β-catenin was down-regulated, which showed that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling was involved in salinomycin-induced apoptosis of NPC cells. In a nude mouse NPC xenograft model, the anti-tumor effect of salinomycin was associated with the downregulation of β-catenin expression. The present study demonstrated that salinomycin can effectively inhibit proliferation and invasion, and induce apoptosis of NPC cells in vitro and inhibit tumor growth in vivo, probably via the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, suggesting salinomycin as a potential candidate for the chemotherapy of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danxin Wu
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Zirong Fan
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Fengrong Shi
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Senming Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China.
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Kim JH, Choi AR, Kim YK, Yoon S. Co-treatment with the anti-malarial drugs mefloquine and primaquine highly sensitizes drug-resistant cancer cells by increasing P-gp inhibition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 441:655-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Liffers ST, Tilkorn DJ, Stricker I, Junge CG, Al-Benna S, Vogt M, Verdoodt B, Steinau HU, Tannapfel A, Tischoff I, Mirmohammadsadegh A. Salinomycin increases chemosensitivity to the effects of doxorubicin in soft tissue sarcomas. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:490. [PMID: 24144362 PMCID: PMC3854645 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemotherapy for soft tissue sarcomas remains unsatisfactory due to their low chemosensitivity. Even the first line chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin only yields a response rate of 18-29%. The antibiotic salinomycin, a potassium ionophore, has recently been shown to be a potent compound to deplete chemoresistant cells like cancer stem like cells (CSC) in adenocarcinomas. Here, we evaluated the effect of salinomycin on sarcoma cell lines, whereby salinomycin mono- and combination treatment with doxorubicin regimens were analyzed. Methods To evaluate the effect of salinomycin on fibrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and liposarcoma cell lines, cells were drug exposed in single and combined treatments, respectively. The effects of the corresponding treatments were monitored by cell viability assays, cell cycle analysis, caspase 3/7 and 9 activity assays. Further we analyzed NF-κB activity; p53, p21 and PUMA transcription levels, together with p53 expression and serine 15 phosphorylation. Results The combination of salinomycin with doxorubicin enhanced caspase activation and increased the sub-G1 fraction. The combined treatment yielded higher NF-κB activity, and p53, p21 and PUMA transcription, whereas the salinomycin monotreatment did not cause any significant changes. Conclusions Salinomycin increases the chemosensitivity of sarcoma cell lines - even at sub-lethal concentrations - to the cytostatic drug doxorubicin. These findings support a strategy to decrease the doxorubicin concentration in combination with salinomycin in order to reduce toxic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven-T Liffers
- Institute of Pathology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Buerkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
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Kim JH, Choi AR, Kim YK, Kim HS, Yoon S. Low amount of salinomycin greatly increases Akt activation, but reduces activated p70S6K levels. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:17304-18. [PMID: 23975168 PMCID: PMC3794729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140917304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study identified a novel salinomycin (Sal)-sensitization mechanism in cancer cells. We analyzed the signal proteins Akt, Jnk, p38, Jak, and Erk1/2 in cancer cell lines that had arrested growth following low amounts of Sal treatment. We also tested the signal molecules PI3K, PDK1, GSK3β, p70S6K, mTOR, and PTEN to analyze the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. The results showed that Sal sensitization positively correlates with large reductions in p70S6K activation. Interestingly, Akt was the only signal protein to be significantly activated by Sal treatment. The Akt activation appeared to require the PI3K pathway as its activation was abolished by the PI3K inhibitors LY294002 and wortmannin. The Akt activation by Sal was conserved in the other cell lines analyzed, which originated from other organs. Both Akt activation and C-PARP production were proportionally increased with increased doses of Sal. In addition, the increased levels of pAkt were not reduced over the time course of the experiment. Co-treatment with Akt inhibitors sensitized the Sal-treated cancer cells. The results thereby suggest that Akt activation is increased in cells that survive Sal treatment and resist the cytotoxic effect of Sal. Taken together; these results indicate that Akt activation may promote the resistance of cancer cells to Sal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hwa Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Ilsan-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Korea; E-Mails: (J.-H.K.); (A.-R.C.)
| | - Ae-Ran Choi
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Ilsan-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Korea; E-Mails: (J.-H.K.); (A.-R.C.)
| | - Yong Kee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-133, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Sungpil Yoon
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Ilsan-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Korea; E-Mails: (J.-H.K.); (A.-R.C.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +82-31-920-2361; Fax: +82-31-920-2002
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Abstract
Salinomycin has been shown to control breast cancer stem cells, although the mechanisms underlying its anticancer effects are not clear. Deregulation of cell cycle regulators play critical roles in tumorigenesis, and they have been considered as anticancer targets. In this study, we investigated salinomycin effect on cell cycle progression using OVCAR-8 ovarian cancer cell line and multidrug-resistant NCI/ADR-RES and DXR cell lines that are derived from OVCAR-8. Parental OVCAR-8 cells are sensitive to several anticancer drugs, but NCI/ADR-RES and DXR cells are resistant to several anticancer drugs. However, salinomycin caused cell growth inhibition and apoptosis via cell cycle arrest at G1 in all three cell lines. Salinomycin inhibited signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) activity and thus decreased expression of Stat3-target genes, including cyclin D1, Skp2, and survivin. Salinomycin induced degradation of Skp2 and thus accumulated p27Kip1. Knockdown of Skp2 further increased salinomycin-induced G1 arrest, but knockdown of p27Kip1 attenuated salinomycin effect on G1 arrest. Cdh1, an E3 ligase for Skp2, was shifted to nuclear fractions upon salinomycin treatment. Cdh1 knockdown by siRNA reversed salinomycin-induced Skp2 downregulation and p27Kip1 upregulation, indicating that salinomycin activates the APCCdh1–Skp2–p27Kip1 pathway. Concomitantly, si-Cdh1 inhibited salinomycin-induced G1 arrest. Taken together, our data indicate that salinomycin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via downregulation or inactivation of cell cycle-associated oncogenes, such as Stat3, cyclin D1, and Skp2, regardless of multidrug resistance.
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Yue W, Hamaï A, Tonelli G, Bauvy C, Nicolas V, Tharinger H, Codogno P, Mehrpour M. Inhibition of the autophagic flux by salinomycin in breast cancer stem-like/progenitor cells interferes with their maintenance. Autophagy 2013; 9:714-29. [PMID: 23519090 PMCID: PMC3669181 DOI: 10.4161/auto.23997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer tissue contains a small population of cells that have the ability to self-renew; these cells are known as cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). We have recently shown that autophagy is essential for the tumorigenicity of these CSCs. Salinomycin (Sal), a K (+) /H (+) ionophore, has recently been shown to be at least 100 times more effective than paclitaxel in reducing the proportion of breast CSCs. However, its mechanisms of action are still unclear. We show here that Sal blocked both autophagy flux and lysosomal proteolytic activity in both CSCs and non-CSCs derived from breast cancer cells. GFP-LC3 staining combined with fluorescent dextran uptake and LysoTracker-Red staining showed that autophagosome/lysosome fusion was not altered by Sal treatment. Acridine orange staining provided evidence that lysosomes display the characteristics of acidic compartments in Sal-treated cells. However, tandem mCherry-GFP-LC3 assay indicated that the degradation of mCherry-GFP-LC3 is blocked by Sal. Furthermore, the protein degradation activity of lysosomes was inhibited, as demonstrated by the rate of long-lived protein degradation, DQ-BSA assay and measurement of cathepsin activity. Our data indicated that Sal has a relatively greater suppressant effect on autophagic flux in the ALDH (+) population in HMLER cells than in the ALDH (-) population; moreover, this differential effect on autophagic flux correlated with an increase in apoptosis in the ALDH (+) population. ATG7 depletion accelerated the proapoptotic capacity of Sal in the ALDH (+) population. Our findings provide new insights into how the autophagy-lysosomal pathway contributes to the ability of Sal to target CSCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yue
- INSERM U984, Faculté de Pharmacie; Chatenay Malabry, France
- Université Paris-sud 11; Chatenay Malabry, France
| | - Ahmed Hamaï
- INSERM U984, Faculté de Pharmacie; Chatenay Malabry, France
- Université Paris-sud 11; Chatenay Malabry, France
| | - Giovanni Tonelli
- INSERM U984, Faculté de Pharmacie; Chatenay Malabry, France
- Université Paris-sud 11; Chatenay Malabry, France
| | - Chantal Bauvy
- INSERM U984, Faculté de Pharmacie; Chatenay Malabry, France
- Université Paris-sud 11; Chatenay Malabry, France
| | - Valérie Nicolas
- Université Paris-sud 11; Chatenay Malabry, France
- IFR-141-IPSIT; Faculté de Pharmacie; Chatenay Malabry, France
| | - Hugo Tharinger
- Université Paris-sud 11; Chatenay Malabry, France
- IFR-141-IPSIT; Faculté de Pharmacie; Chatenay Malabry, France
| | - Patrice Codogno
- INSERM U984, Faculté de Pharmacie; Chatenay Malabry, France
- Université Paris-sud 11; Chatenay Malabry, France
| | - Maryam Mehrpour
- INSERM U984, Faculté de Pharmacie; Chatenay Malabry, France
- Université Paris-sud 11; Chatenay Malabry, France
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Al Dhaheri Y, Attoub S, Arafat K, AbuQamar S, Eid A, Al Faresi N, Iratni R. Salinomycin induces apoptosis and senescence in breast cancer: Upregulation of p21, downregulation of survivin and histone H3 and H4 hyperacetylation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:3121-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Momekova D, Momekov G, Ivanova J, Pantcheva I, Drakalska E, Stoyanov N, Guenova M, Michova A, Balashev K, Arpadjan S, Mitewa M, Rangelov S, Lambov N. Sterically stabilized liposomes as a platform for salinomycin metal coordination compounds: physicochemical characterization and in vitro evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(13)50033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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50
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He L, Wang F, Dai WQ, Wu D, Lin CL, Wu SM, Cheng P, Zhang Y, Shen M, Wang CF, Lu J, Zhou YQ, Xu XF, Xu L, Guo CY. Mechanism of action of salinomycin on growth and migration in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Pancreatology 2012; 13:72-8. [PMID: 23395573 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2012.11.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive and lethal cancers worldwide and there are few effective treatments. Recently, salinomycin (Sal) was reported to alter proliferation and apoptosis in various tumors. This prompted us to investigate the effect of Sal on pancreatic cancer cells and to explore the possible molecular mechanism in vitro. METHODS After treatment with Sal, pancreatic cancer cell viability and apoptosis were analyzed by Hoechst 33342 staining and flow cytometry, respectively. Invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells were assayed by a Transwell migration assay. Flow cytometry was also used to assessed the fraction of CD133(+) cell subpopulations. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Bcl-2, E-cadherin, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling-related proteins were detected by RT-PCR and western blot. RESULTS Sal inhibited the growth and migration of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We found that the proportion of CD133(+) cell subpopulations decreased after treatment with Sal in pancreatic cancer cell lines at the same time. The percentage of apoptotic cells was increased after Sal treatment. Compared with control groups, Bax and E-cadherin were significantly upregulated, and Bcl-2 and PCNA were significantly downregulated in Sal-treated cells. The expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling-related proteins (β-catenin and p-GSK-3β) was inhibited. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that Sal could influence the cell growth and migration in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro, which may occur by inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, PR China
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