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Wang Y, Xie Y, Dong B, Xue W, Chen S, Mitsuo S, Zou H, Feng Y, Ma K, Dong Q, Cao J, Zhu C. The TTYH3/MK5 Positive Feedback Loop regulates Tumor Progression via GSK3-β/β-catenin signaling in HCC. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:4053-4070. [PMID: 35844789 PMCID: PMC9274494 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.73009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide, and identification of novel targets is necessary for its diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to investigate the biological function and clinical significance of tweety homolog 3 (TTYH3) in HCC. TTYH3 overexpression promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and inhibited HCCM3 and Hep3B cell apoptosis. TTYH3 promoted tumor formation and metastasis in vivo. TTYH3 upregulated calcium influx and intracellular chloride concentration, thereby promoting cellular migration and regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related protein expression. The interaction between TTYH3 and MK5 was identified through co-immunoprecipitation assays and protein docking. TTYH3 promoted the expression of MK5, which then activated the GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. MK5 knockdown attenuated the activation of GSK3β/β-catenin signaling by TTYH3. TTYH3 expression was regulated in a positive feedback manner. In clinical HCC samples, TTYH3 was upregulated in the HCC tissues compared to nontumor tissues. Furthermore, high TTYH3 expression was significantly correlated with poor patient survival. The CpG islands were hypomethylated in the promoter region of TTYH3 in HCC tissues. In conclusion, we identified TTYH3 regulates tumor development and progression via MK5/GSK3-β/β-catenin signaling in HCC and promotes itself expression in a positive feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiu Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yuwei Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Bingzi Dong
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Computer Assisted Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Weijie Xue
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shuhai Chen
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Shimada Mitsuo
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Hao Zou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yujie Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qian Dong
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Computer Assisted Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jingyu Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chengzhan Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Computer Assisted Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China
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Fan J, Tian R, Yang X, Wang H, Shi Y, Fan X, Zhang J, Chen Y, Zhang K, Chen Z, Li L. KCNN4 Promotes the Stemness Potentials of Liver Cancer Stem Cells by Enhancing Glucose Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136958. [PMID: 35805963 PMCID: PMC9266406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) is one of the reasons for the treatment failure of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). For LCSCs, one of their prominent features is metabolism plasticity, which depends on transporters and ion channels to exchange metabolites and ions. The K+ channel protein KCNN4 (Potassium Calcium-Activated Channel Subfamily N Member 4) has been reported to promote cell metabolism and malignant progression of HCCs, but its influence on LCSC stemness has remained unclear. Here, we demonstrated that KCNN4 was highly expressed in L-CSCs by RT-PCR and Western blot. Then, we illustrated that KCNN4 promoted the stemness of HC-C cells by CD133+CD44+ LCSC subpopulation ratio analysis, in vitro stemness transcription factor detection, and sphere formation assay, as well as in vivo orthotopic liver tumor formation and limiting dilution tumorigenesis assays. We also showed that KCNN4 enhanced the glucose metabolism in LCSCs by metabolic enzyme detections and seahorse analysis, and the KCNN4-promoted increase in LCSC ratios was abolished by glycolysis inhibitor 2-DG or OXPHOS inhibitor oligomycin. Collectively, our results suggested that KCNN4 promoted LCSC stemness via enhancing glucose metabolism, and that KCNN4 would be a potential molecular target for eliminating LCSCs in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fan
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710005, China; (J.F.); (R.T.); (X.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.F.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (K.Z.)
| | - Ruofei Tian
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710005, China; (J.F.); (R.T.); (X.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.F.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (K.Z.)
| | - Xiangmin Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710005, China; (J.F.); (R.T.); (X.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.F.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (K.Z.)
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710005, China; (J.F.); (R.T.); (X.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.F.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (K.Z.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Institutes of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710005, China; (J.F.); (R.T.); (X.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.F.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (K.Z.)
| | - Xinyu Fan
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710005, China; (J.F.); (R.T.); (X.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.F.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (K.Z.)
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710005, China; (J.F.); (R.T.); (X.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.F.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (K.Z.)
| | - Yatong Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710005, China; (J.F.); (R.T.); (X.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.F.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (K.Z.)
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710005, China; (J.F.); (R.T.); (X.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.F.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (K.Z.)
| | - Zhinan Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710005, China; (J.F.); (R.T.); (X.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.F.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (K.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710005, China; (J.F.); (R.T.); (X.Y.); (Y.S.); (X.F.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (K.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (L.L.)
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The role of potassium channels in the proliferation and migration of endometrial adenocarcinoma HEC1-A cells. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:7447-7454. [PMID: 35553332 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07546-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological cancer in developed countries. Potassium channels, which have many types, are suggested to play a major role in cancer progression. However, their role in endometrial cancer has not been fully investigated. We aimed to demonstrate whether the ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker glibenclamide, voltage-sensitive potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine, non-selective (voltage-sensitive and calcium-activated) potassium channels blocker tetraethylammonium and potassium chloride (KCl) have any effect on the proliferation and migration of HEC1-A cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Proliferation and migration were evaluated by real-time cell analysis (xCELLigence system) and wound healing assays, respectively. Proliferation was reduced by glibenclamide (0.1 and 0.2 mM, P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively), 4-aminopyridine (10 and 20 mM, P < 0.001) and tetraethylammonium (10 and 20 mM, P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). However, KCl did not change the proliferation. Migration was reduced by glibenclamide (0.01, 0.1 and 0.2 mM, P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively) and 4-aminopyridine (10 and 20 mM, P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Tetraethylammonium did not change migration. However, KCl reduced it (10, 25 and 50 mM, P < 0.05, P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively). Both proliferation and migration were reduced by glibenclamide and 4-aminopyridine. However, tetraethylammonium only reduced proliferation and KCl only reduced migration. CONCLUSIONS Potassium channels have an important role in HEC1-A cell proliferation and migration and potassium channel blockers needs to be further investigated for their therapeutic effect in endometrial cancer.
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How Dysregulated Ion Channels and Transporters Take a Hand in Esophageal, Liver, and Colorectal Cancer. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 181:129-222. [PMID: 32875386 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the understanding of how dysregulated ion channels and transporters are involved in carcinogenesis and tumor growth and progression, including invasiveness and metastasis, has been increasing exponentially. The present review specifies virtually all ion channels and transporters whose faulty expression or regulation contributes to esophageal, hepatocellular, and colorectal cancer. The variety reaches from Ca2+, K+, Na+, and Cl- channels over divalent metal transporters, Na+ or Cl- coupled Ca2+, HCO3- and H+ exchangers to monocarboxylate carriers and organic anion and cation transporters. In several cases, the underlying mechanisms by which these ion channels/transporters are interwoven with malignancies have been fully or at least partially unveiled. Ca2+, Akt/NF-κB, and Ca2+- or pH-dependent Wnt/β-catenin signaling emerge as cross points through which ion channels/transporters interfere with gene expression, modulate cell proliferation, trigger epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and promote cell motility and metastasis. Also miRs, lncRNAs, and DNA methylation represent potential links between the misexpression of genes encoding for ion channels/transporters, their malfunctioning, and cancer. The knowledge of all these molecular interactions has provided the basis for therapeutic strategies and approaches, some of which will be broached in this review.
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5
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Sex Hormone-Dependent Physiology and Diseases of Liver. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082620. [PMID: 32290381 PMCID: PMC7216036 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism is associated not only with somatic and behavioral differences between men and women, but also with physiological differences reflected in organ metabolism. Genes regulated by sex hormones differ in expression in various tissues, which is especially important in the case of liver metabolism, with the liver being a target organ for sex hormones as its cells express estrogen receptors (ERs: ERα, also known as ESR1 or NR3A; ERβ; GPER (G protein-coupled ER, also known as GPR 30)) and the androgen receptor (AR) in both men and women. Differences in sex hormone levels and sex hormone-specific gene expression are mentioned as some of the main variations in causes of the incidence of hepatic diseases; for example, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is more common in men, while women have an increased risk of autoimmune liver disease and show more acute liver failure symptoms in alcoholic liver disease. In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the distinction is less pronounced, but increased incidences are suggested among men and postmenopausal women, probably due to an increased tendency towards visceral fat accumulation.
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Balbaa AO, El-Fattah AA, Awad NM, Abdellatif A. Effects of nanoscale electric fields on the histology of liver cell dysplasia. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:515-528. [PMID: 30807249 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells electrical fields have a significant role in cell function. AIM The current study examined the effects of nanoscale electric fields generated by magneto-electric nanoparticles (MENs) on precancerous liver tissue. METHODS & RESULTS A total of 30 nm MENs synthesized by sol-gel method were tested in vitro on HepG2 cells and in vivo on liver cell dysplasia in mice, which were exposed to 50 Hz 2 mT for 2 weeks, +/- MENs. MENs with alternating field (AF) reversed liver cells dysplastic features. In vitro cytotoxicity assay showed high lethal dose (LD 50) of 1.4 mg/ml. We also report on the expression of alpha-fetoprotein and cytochrome C. CONCLUSION MEN-generated nanoscale electric fields have significant biological effects on precancerous liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya O Balbaa
- Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Biology Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abd El-Fattah
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Graduate Studies & Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain
| | - Nahla M Awad
- Early Cancer Detection Unit. Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdellatif
- Biology Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
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7
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Cancer-Associated Intermediate Conductance Ca 2+-Activated K⁺ Channel K Ca3.1. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11010109. [PMID: 30658505 PMCID: PMC6357066 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several tumor entities have been reported to overexpress KCa3.1 potassium channels due to epigenetic, transcriptional, or post-translational modifications. By modulating membrane potential, cell volume, or Ca2+ signaling, KCa3.1 has been proposed to exert pivotal oncogenic functions in tumorigenesis, malignant progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Moreover, KCa3.1 is expressed by tumor-promoting stroma cells such as fibroblasts and the tumor vasculature suggesting a role of KCa3.1 in the adaptation of the tumor microenvironment. Combined, this features KCa3.1 as a candidate target for innovative anti-cancer therapy. However, immune cells also express KCa3.1 thereby contributing to T cell activation. Thus, any strategy targeting KCa3.1 in anti-cancer therapy may also modulate anti-tumor immune activity and/or immunosuppression. The present review article highlights the potential of KCa3.1 as an anti-tumor target providing an overview of the current knowledge on its function in tumor pathogenesis with emphasis on vasculo- and angiogenesis as well as anti-cancer immune responses.
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8
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Song P, Du Y, Song W, Chen H, Xuan Z, Zhao L, Chen J, Chen J, Guo D, Jin C, Zhao Y, Tuo B, Zheng S. KCa3.1 as an Effective Target for Inhibition of Growth and Progression of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. J Cancer 2017; 8:1568-1578. [PMID: 28775776 PMCID: PMC5535712 DOI: 10.7150/jca.18697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a high malignant tumor arising from the bile ducts in the liver with a poor prognosis. As current molecular targeted therapies and systemic chemotherapies had limited success in ICC, novel therapeutic targets are needed. In this study, we attempted to investigate the expression and the role of the intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (KCa3.1) in ICC. Methods: The expression levels of KCa3.1 channel were measured in 81 resected ICC tumor specimens and the clinicopathological significance of these levels were determined. KCa3.1 channel inhibitor and siRNA were used to study the role of KCa3.1 in proliferation, migration, and invasion of ICC cell lines. The effect of KCa3.1 channel blockade on tumor growth in vivo was also studied using xenograft model in nude mice. Results: The protein expression of KCa3.1 channel was upregulated in ICC tissues and was correlated with age, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage. And high KCa3.1 expression indicated a worse prognosis in ICC patients. Blocking KCa3.1 channel with a specific inhibitor TRAM-34 reduced the proliferation and invasion of ICC cells. Knockdown of KCa3.1 could achieve the same effects through decreasing NF-κB activation. Further in vivo studies demonstrated that KCa3.1 channel blockade suppressed ICC tumor growth. Conclusions: Our observations suggested KCa3.1 might be a promising novel therapeutic target in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghong Song
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yehui Du
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Wenfeng Song
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zefeng Xuan
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Long Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Danjing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yongchao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Biguang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
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Zheng B, Zhu YJ, Wang HY, Chen L. Gender disparity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): multiple underlying mechanisms. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017; 60:575-584. [PMID: 28547581 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-9043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
On the global scale, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the main cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) especially in regions of Asia where HBV infection is endemic. Epidemiological studies show that the incidence of inflammation-driven HCC in males is three times as high as in females. Recent studies suggest that sex hormones have a crucial role in the pathogenesis and development of HBV-induced HCC. We found that the estrogen/androgen signaling pathway is associated with decreased/increased transcription and replication of HBV genes and can promote the development of HBV infections by up/downregulating HBV RNA transcription and inflammatory cytokines levels, which in turn slow down the progression of HBV-induced HCC. Additionally, sex hormones can also affect HBV-related HCC by inducing epigenetic changes. The evidence that both morphology and function of the human liver are affected by sex hormones was found over 60 years ago. However, the underlying molecular mechanism largely remains to be elucidated. This review focuses mainly on the molecular mechanisms behind the sex difference in HCC associated with HBV and other factors. In addition, several potential treatment and therapeutic strategies for inflammation-driven HCC will be introduced in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zheng
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Yan-Jing Zhu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Hong-Yang Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China. .,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, 201805, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China. .,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, 201805, China.
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10
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Ion Channels and Oxidative Stress as a Potential Link for the Diagnosis or Treatment of Liver Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:3928714. [PMID: 26881024 PMCID: PMC4736365 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3928714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress results from a disturbed balance between oxidation and antioxidant systems. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) may be either harmful or beneficial to the cells. Ion channels are transmembrane proteins that participate in a large variety of cellular functions and have been implicated in the development of a variety of diseases. A significant amount of the available drugs in the market targets ion channels. These proteins have sulfhydryl groups of cysteine and methionine residues in their structure that can be targeted by ROS and RNS altering channel function including gating and conducting properties, as well as the corresponding signaling pathways associated. The regulation of ion channels by ROS has been suggested to be associated with some pathological conditions including liver diseases. This review focuses on understanding the role and the potential association of ion channels and oxidative stress in liver diseases including fibrosis, alcoholic liver disease, and cancer. The potential association between ion channels and oxidative stress conditions could be used to develop new treatments for major liver diseases.
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11
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Lian JY, Tuo BG, Wen GR, Jin H, Liang T. Role of estrogen receptors in digestive system tumors. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:4227-4235. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i26.4227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptors are steroid hormone receptors that modulate the expression of target genes when bound to ligand. Humans have two ligand-activated transcription factors that bind to estrogen, encoded by separate genes, estrogen receptor α (ERα) and estrogen receptor β (ERβ). In addition, the membrane localized G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) can be activated by estradiol and mediate non-genomic signaling. Many studies have described the role of estrogen receptors in human cancers. Digestive system tumors account for a large proportion of all the tumors, and the mortality is very high in many digestive system tumors, such as esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, cholangiocarcinoma and pancreatic carcinoma. This review summarizes the role of estrogen receptors in digestive system tumors, aiming at finding new routes for the rational design of targeted anticancer therapies for digestive system tumors.
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12
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Hecht E, Freise C, Websky KV, Nasser H, Kretzschmar N, Stawowy P, Hocher B, Querfeld U. The matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 initiate uraemic vascular calcifications. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 31:789-97. [PMID: 26333546 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) MMP-2 and MMP-9 are physiological regulators of vascular remodelling. Their dysregulation could contribute to vascular calcification. We examined the role of the MMP-2 and MMP-9 in uraemic vascular calcification in vivo and in vitro. METHODS The impact of pharmacological MMP inhibition on the development of media calcifications was explored in an aggressive animal model of uraemic calcification. In addition, the selective effects of addition and inhibition, respectively, of MMP-2 and MMP-9 on calcium-/phosphate-induced calcifications were studied in a murine cell line of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). RESULTS High-dose calcitriol treatment of uraemic rats given a high phosphate diet induced massive calcifications, apoptosis and increased gene expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9 and of osteogenic transcription factors and proteins in aortic VSMC. The MMP inhibitor doxycycline prevented the VSMC transdifferentiation to osteoblastic cells, suppressed transcription of mediators of matrix remodelling and almost completely blocked aortic calcifications while further increasing apoptosis. Similarly, specific inhibitors of either MMP-2 or -9, or of both gelatinases (Ro28-2653) and a selective knockdown of MMP-2/-9 mRNA expression blocked calcification of murine VSMC induced by calcification medium (CM). In contrast to MMP inhibition, recombinant MMP-2 or MMP-9 enhanced CM-induced calcifications and the secretion of gelatinases. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that both gelatinases provide essential signals for phenotypic VSMC conversion, matrix remodelling and the initiation of vascular calcification. Their inhibition seems a promising strategy in the prevention of vascular calcifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hecht
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-University Medicine, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Charité-University Medicine, Campus Virchow Clinic, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Freise
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-University Medicine, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Charité-University Medicine, Campus Virchow Clinic, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karoline V Websky
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - Hamoud Nasser
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-University Medicine, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Charité-University Medicine, Campus Virchow Clinic, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadja Kretzschmar
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-University Medicine, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Charité-University Medicine, Campus Virchow Clinic, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Stawowy
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-University Medicine, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany Department of Medicine and Cardiology, German Heart Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Berthold Hocher
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - Uwe Querfeld
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-University Medicine, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Charité-University Medicine, Campus Virchow Clinic, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Zúñiga-García V, Chávez-López MDG, Quintanar-Jurado V, Gabiño-López NB, Hernández-Gallegos E, Soriano-Rosas J, Pérez-Carreón JI, Camacho J. Differential Expression of Ion Channels and Transporters During Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:2373-83. [PMID: 25842354 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3633-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ion channels and transporters are potential markers and therapeutic targets for several cancers. However, their expression during hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development remains unclear. AIM To investigate the mRNA expression of Na(+), K(+) and Ca(2+) channels and ABC transporters during rat HCC development, as well as Abcc3 protein in human liver biopsies. METHODS Wistar rats were treated with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and developed both cirrhosis (12 weeks of treatment) and either pre-neoplastic lesions (16 weeks of treatment) or multinodular HCC (16 weeks of treatment plus 2 weeks DEN-free). The mRNA expression of 12 ion channels and two ABC transporters was studied using real-time RT-PCR. Tumor-containing or tumor-free liver sections were isolated by laser-capture microdissection. Abcc3 protein expression was studied by immunohistochemistry in healthy, cirrhotic and HCC human biopsies. RESULTS We observed expression changes in seven genes. Kcna3, Kcnn4, Kcnrg and Kcnj11 potassium channel mRNA expression reached peak values at the end of DEN treatment, while Scn2a1 sodium channel, Trpc6 calcium channel and Abcc3 transporter mRNA expression reached their highest levels in the presence of HCC (18 weeks). Whereas Kcnn4 and Scn2a1 channel expression was similar in non-tumor and tumor tissue, the Abcc3 transporter and Kcna3 potassium channels were preferentially overexpressed in the tumor sections. We observed differential Abcc3 protein subcellular localization and expression in human samples. CONCLUSIONS The ion channel/transporter expression profile observed suggests that these genes are potential early markers or therapeutic targets of HCC. The differential localization of Abcc3 may be useful in the diagnosis of cirrhosis and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Zúñiga-García
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, C.P. 07360, Mexico City, Mexico,
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14
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Inhibition of vascular calcification by block of intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channels with TRAM-34. Pharmacol Res 2014; 85:6-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Liu XM, Tuo BG. Role of ion channels in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:3041-3046. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i29.3041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins which play regulatory roles in a variety of biological processes. Their abnormality in expression or activity has a close relationship with the proliferation and apoptosis of cancer cells. This article will describe the role of four ion channels in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Our review suggests that ion channels might be a new therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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16
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Wu G, Xu M, Xu K, Hu Y. Benidipine protects kidney through inhibiting ROCK1 activity and reducing the epithelium-mesenchymal transdifferentiation in type 1 diabetic rats. J Diabetes Res 2013; 2013:174526. [PMID: 24364038 PMCID: PMC3864155 DOI: 10.1155/2013/174526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the protective effect of benidipine, by testing the changes of the activity of Rho kinase and transdifferentiation of renal tubular epithelium cells in vivo. Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: normal (N) and diabetes. STZ were used to make the rats type 1 diabetic and were randomly assigned as diabetes without treatment (D), diabetes treated with benidipine (B), and diabetes treated with fasudil (F) and treated for 3 months. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were for protein expressions of ROCK1, α-SMA, and E-cadherin and real-time PCR for the mRNA quantification of ROCK1. Compared with N group, D group had significant proliferation of glomerular mesangial matrix, increased cell number, thickened basement membrane, widely infiltrated by inflammatory cells and fibrosis in the renal interstitial, and dilated tubular. Those presentations in F and B groups were milder. Compared with N group, D group showed elevated MYPT1 phosphorylation, increased expression of ROCK1, α-SMA protein, and ROCK1 mRNA and decreased expression of E-cadherin protein. B group showed attenuated MYPT1 phosphorylation, decreased ROCK1, α-SMA protein, and ROCK1 mRNA expression and increased expression of E-cadherin protein. In conclusion, benidipine reduces the epithelium-mesenchymal transdifferentiation and renal interstitial fibrosis in diabetic kidney by inhibiting ROCK1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganlin Wu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory on Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
- Department of Medicine, Clinic Medical College of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Meirong Xu
- Department of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
- *Meirong Xu:
| | - Kui Xu
- Department of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Yilan Hu
- Department of Immunology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
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