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Awazu M, Matsumura K. Utility of fractional excretion of magnesium in diagnosing renal magnesium wasting in pediatric nephrology practice. Clin Biochem 2024; 131-132:110807. [PMID: 39059606 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fractional excretion of magnesium (FEMg) is commonly used to diagnose of renal magnesium (Mg) wasting, but it can be affected by serum Mg (SMg) and serum creatinine concentration (SCr). We investigated the sensitivity and specificity of FEMg to diagnose Mg wasting in subgroups with different SMg and eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) in pediatric nephrology practice. METHODS One hundred and nineteen patients (59 males and 60 females, median 15 years) seen in our pediatric clinic were investigated for FEMg, SMg, eGFR, and urine Mg-to-creatinine ratio (Mg/Cr). Normal eGFR was defined as ≥ 90 ml/min/1.73 m2 or for infants SCr < chronic kidney disease stage 2. Urine Mg/Cr was compared with age-specific reference values. RESULTS Sixteen of all patients (13 %) had hypomagnesemia. All had FEMg greater than the cut-off value of 2 %. Only 4 patients had elevated urine Mg/Cr. Of 65 patients with normal SMg and eGFR, 19 had FEMg above the cut-off value of 4 %. Of these, 13 patients had elevated urine Mg/Cr i.e. Mg wasting (sensitivity and specificity of FEMg, 93 % and 88 %, respectively). Among 38 patients with normal SMg and low eGFR, 30 had FEMg > 4 %, but only 6 had elevated urine Mg/Cr (sensitivity 100 % and specificity 25 %). Overall, hypomagnesemic patients and normomagnesemic patients with elevated urine Mg/Cr were diagnosed with Mg wasting (36/119, 30 %). CONCLUSIONS FEMg has variable sensitivity and specificity depending on SMg and eGFR in the diagnosis of Mg wasting. Mg wasting is not uncommon in pediatric nephrology practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Awazu
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8583, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Matsumura
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8583, Japan
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Tian J, Tang L, Liu X, Li Y, Chen J, Huang W, Liu M. Populations in Low-Magnesium Areas Were Associated with Higher Risk of Infection in COVID-19's Early Transmission: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study in the United States. Nutrients 2022; 14:909. [PMID: 35215558 PMCID: PMC8875017 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have confirmed the important roles of nutritional status and micronutrients in the COVID-19 pandemic. Magnesium is a vital essential trace element that is involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and many other immunological functions and has been shown to be associated with the outcome of COVID-19 infection. Here, we conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study in the United States involving 1150 counties, 287,326,503 individuals, and 5,401,483 COVID-19 confirmed cases as of 30 September 2020 to reveal the infection risk of the populations distributed in low-magnesium areas in the early transmission of COVID-19. Our results indicate that the average county-level COVID-19 cumulative incidence in low-magnesium areas was significantly higher than in the control areas. Additionally, a significant negative nonlinear association was found between environmental magnesium concentration and the county-level COVID-19 cumulative incidence. Furthermore, the populations distributed in low environmental magnesium areas faced a higher COVID-19 infection risk (RR: 1.066; CI: 1.063-1.068), among which females (RR: 1.07; CI: 1.067-1.073), the 0-17 years subgroup (RR: 1.125; CI: 1.117-1.134), the 65+ years subgroup (RR: 1.093; CI: 1.087-1.098), black people (RR: 1.975; CI: 1.963-1.986), populations outside metro areas, and counties with a smaller population experienced higher risk of infection by COVID-19 than other subgroups. Considering that the magnesium intake of about half the population of the United States is below the daily required dose, our study will contribute to the creation of long-term public health strategies to help protect against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (J.T.); (L.T.); (X.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Liwei Tang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (J.T.); (L.T.); (X.L.); (J.C.)
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinwei Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (J.T.); (L.T.); (X.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Yulan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Baoan Center Hospital, Shenzhen 518102, China;
| | - Jinghong Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (J.T.); (L.T.); (X.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Weiren Huang
- International Cancer Center, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Min Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (J.T.); (L.T.); (X.L.); (J.C.)
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Cancer Center, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Hossienifar F, Entezari M, Hosseini S. Water hardness zoning of Isfahan Province, Iran, and its relationship with cardiovascular mortality, 2013-2015. ARYA ATHEROSCLEROSIS 2020; 15:275-280. [PMID: 32206071 PMCID: PMC7073801 DOI: 10.22122/arya.v15i6.1715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the common diseases and today, it is considered as not only an important cause of mortality but also a significant aspect of health geography. The evidence presented in the literature indicates that hard water may reduce the cases of sudden death caused by CVDs because drinking water contains significant amounts of calcium and magnesium, which play a crucial role in the electrical activity of heart. Hence, the present study aimed at investigating the relationship between water hardness and CVD mortality rate in Isfahan, Iran. METHODS In this ecological study, the available data regarding the cardiovascular mortality rate and water hardness have been used. Preparation of zoning map has been conducted using the Geographic Information System (GIS) software considering Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation models. Moreover, statistical analysis has been conducted using SPSS software. RESULTS A reverse relationship was observed between cardiovascular mortality rate and water hardness. However, the observed relationship was not statistically significant (2013: r = -0.066, 2014: r = -0.155, 2015: r = -0.051, P > 0.050). CONCLUSION The results of mapping with GIS and statistical analysis with SPSS both indicated a non-significant inverse relationship between the water hardness and CVDs. However, lack of a significant relationship highlights the necessity of conducting similar studies involving larger sample sizes and wider areas of investigation to present a definitive and generalizable result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshte Hossienifar
- Expert, Health Center Number 2, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Entezari
- Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shidokht Hosseini
- Researcher, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Rapant S, Cvečková V, Fajčíková K, Hajdúk I, Hiller E, Stehlíková B. Hard Water, More Elastic Arteries: A Case Study from Krupina District, Slovakia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16091521. [PMID: 31036788 PMCID: PMC6539761 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The protective role of hard drinking water against cardiovascular diseases is well documented by numerous studies. This article describes the impact of Ca and Mg contents in the drinking water with different water hardness on the cardiovascular system (arterial stiffness, arterial age) of residents of the Krupina district, the Slovak Republic. The research was based on the measurements of arterial stiffness, including the measurements of aortic pulse wave velocity (PWVao) and the calculation of the arterial age of the residents. In total, 144 randomly selected residents were included in measurements, divided into the two groups according to Ca and Mg contents in drinking water (water hardness). The first group was supplied with soft drinking water (total dissolved solids (TDS): 200-300 mg·L-1, Ca: 20-25 mg·L-1, Mg: 5-10 mg·L-1). The second group of residents was supplied with harder drinking water (TDS: 500-600 mg·L-1, Ca: 80-90 mg·L-1, Mg: 25-30 mg·L-1). Differences in arterial stiffness between the two groups of respondents were documented. Higher arterial stiffness (low flexibility of arteries) was determined for a group of residents supplied with soft drinking water. This was reflected in higher PWVao levels, higher number of pathological cases (PWVao > 10 m·s-1), and arterial age of respondents compared to their actual age. The "absolute" difference between the arterial and actual age between the two evaluated groups of residents (soft vs. harder water) was nearly 5 years on average. The higher arterial stiffness and age of residents that consumed soft drinking water indicate the health significance of lower contents of Ca and Mg in drinking water as an environmental risk factor of cardiovascular diseases. Measuring arterial stiffness of residents in the areas supplied with soft drinking water can be used as a non-invasive approach in the prevention of cardiovascular risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Rapant
- Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Veronika Cvečková
- Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Katarína Fajčíková
- Magistrate of the Capital City of Bratislava, Primaciálne nám. 1, 814 99 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Igor Hajdúk
- Institute for Work Rehabilitation of Disabled People, Mokrohájska 1, 842 40 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Edgar Hiller
- Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Beáta Stehlíková
- Faculty of Economics of Business, Pan-European University, Tematínska 10, 851 05, Bratislava 5, Slovak Republic.
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Seasonal variation in the occurrence of ischemic stroke: A meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:2113-2130. [PMID: 30848411 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Stroke was demonstrated to correlate with seasonal variation. However, the relevant studies were incongruous. To better understand the rules of seasonal impact on ischemic stroke (IS) patients, we performed this meta-analysis. We systematically searched relevant observational studies in Pubmed, Web of science and Embase from January 1, 1980, to November 1, 2017, in English. Patients included in this study were adults who suffered from IS. Stata version 12.0 software was used to pool useful data and calculate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We also performed heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses and evaluated publication bias. Thirty-three observational studies involving 234,196 participants were incorporated into the meta-analysis. Summer and December were regarded as reference, respectively. The IRRs were calculated showing: IRRWinter 1.05 (95% CI 1.04-1.07), IRRAutumn 1.03 (95% CI 1.02-1.04), IRRSpring 1.02 (95% CI 1.01-1.03). No obvious difference existed among 12 months. Stratified analyses on Köppen classification were also conducted. Between-study heterogeneity was discovered; however, predefined stratified analyses and meta-regression could not reduce this heterogeneity. Our meta-analysis has revealed very little seasonal variation in the overall study. Both cold and hot months may be high risky for IS after stratified by Köppen Climate Classification. Thus, a rationale to environmental setting of risky patient management could be provided. More studies with specific assessments are warranted for further comprehensive investigation.
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Gant CM, Soedamah-Muthu SS, Binnenmars SH, Bakker SJL, Navis G, Laverman GD. Higher Dietary Magnesium Intake and Higher Magnesium Status Are Associated with Lower Prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2018; 10:E307. [PMID: 29510564 PMCID: PMC5872725 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), the handling of magnesium is disturbed. Magnesium deficiency may be associated with a higher risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). We investigated the associations between (1) dietary magnesium intake; (2) 24 h urinary magnesium excretion; and (3) plasma magnesium concentration with prevalent CHD in T2D patients. This cross-sectional analysis was performed on baseline data from the DIAbetes and LifEstyle Cohort Twente-1 (DIALECT-1, n = 450, age 63 ± 9 years, 57% men, and diabetes duration of 11 (7-18) years). Prevalence ratios (95% CI) of CHD by sex-specific quartiles of magnesium indicators, as well as by magnesium intake per dietary source, were determined using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. CHD was present in 100 (22%) subjects. Adjusted CHD prevalence ratios for the highest compared to the lowest quartiles were 0.40 (0.20, 0.79) for magnesium intake, 0.63 (0.32, 1.26) for 24 h urinary magnesium excretion, and 0.62 (0.32, 1.20) for plasma magnesium concentration. For every 10 mg increase of magnesium intake from vegetables, the prevalence of CHD was, statistically non-significantly, lower (0.75 (0.52, 1.08)). In this T2D cohort, higher magnesium intake, higher 24 h urinary magnesium excretion, and higher plasma magnesium concentration are associated with a lower prevalence of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Gant
- Department of Internal Medicine/Nephrology, ZGT Hospital, 7609 PP Almelo, The Netherlands.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9713EZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sabita S Soedamah-Muthu
- Centre of Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases (CORPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, 5037 AB Tilburg, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading RG1 5EX, UK.
| | - S Heleen Binnenmars
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9713EZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9713EZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9713EZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Gozewijn D Laverman
- Department of Internal Medicine/Nephrology, ZGT Hospital, 7609 PP Almelo, The Netherlands.
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Altier A, Jiménez-Piedrahita M, Rey-Castro C, Cecilia J, Galceran J, Puy J. Accumulation of Mg to Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT) Devices: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Effects of the Ionic Strength. Anal Chem 2016; 88:10245-10251. [PMID: 27660851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Altier
- Departament de Química and ‡Departament de Matemàtica, Universitat de Lleida and AGROTECNIO, Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Martín Jiménez-Piedrahita
- Departament de Química and ‡Departament de Matemàtica, Universitat de Lleida and AGROTECNIO, Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Carlos Rey-Castro
- Departament de Química and ‡Departament de Matemàtica, Universitat de Lleida and AGROTECNIO, Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Joan Cecilia
- Departament de Química and ‡Departament de Matemàtica, Universitat de Lleida and AGROTECNIO, Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Josep Galceran
- Departament de Química and ‡Departament de Matemàtica, Universitat de Lleida and AGROTECNIO, Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Jaume Puy
- Departament de Química and ‡Departament de Matemàtica, Universitat de Lleida and AGROTECNIO, Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
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