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Zhou M, Jiang X, Kong Y, Liu X. Misdiagnosis Diagnosis of Pneumocystis Pneumonia as Chemical Pneumonitis. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:1763-1769. [PMID: 38736434 PMCID: PMC11088391 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s460141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Auxiliaries, a mixed chemicals, for printing and dyeing characterized by their diverse range and complex chemical compositions are commonly utilized in the textile industry. These chemicals can lead to environmental contamination and pose health risks to humans. Case Description A 29-year-old man who worked in a printing and dyeing factory in Suzhou, China, reported having tightness in his chest and coughing. Despite seeking medical treatment at several hospitals, the initial diagnosis remained elusive. High-resolution chest CT scans showed multifocal lesions in both lungs. The patient had no significant medical history, and the respiratory symptoms only surfaced after exposure to dyeing auxiliaries. Physicians initially suspected chemical pneumonitis due to occupational exposure. However, a subsequent evaluation at a hospital specializing in occupational diseases led to a diagnosis of AIDS and pneumocystis pneumonia. Conclusion This case underscores the importance of comprehensive clinical diagnosis to avoid biases and reduce the incidence of misdiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- Department of Occupational Disease, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- Department of Occupational Disease, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulin Kong
- Department of Occupational Disease, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Department of Occupational Disease, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215100, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Vašková J, Stupák M, Vidová Ugurbaş M, Žatko D, Vaško L. Therapeutic Efficiency of Humic Acids in Intoxications. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040971. [PMID: 37109500 PMCID: PMC10143271 DOI: 10.3390/life13040971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Humins, humic and fulvic acids represent molecules with complex structures. These compounds comprising humic substances (HS) exist naturally in soil, brown coal, peat, and water. They are formed during the decomposition and transformation of organic matter (animal and plant remains) and their formation explains several theories. Within their chemical structures, there are numerous phenolic and carboxyl groups and their derivatives that affect their different properties, such as their solubility in water or their absorption of cations or mycotoxins. The manifold chemical structure of HS alters their polyelectrolyte character and thus their chelating efficiency. For many years, HS have been studied due to their detoxification, anti-, and pro-inflammatory or anticancer and antiviral ability. This article summarizes the antioxidant and adsorption properties of humic acids, highlighting their usefulness in intoxications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janka Vašková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marek Stupák
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martina Vidová Ugurbaş
- Second Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Žatko
- Imuna Pharm, a.s., Šarišské Michaľany, 082 22 Presov, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Vaško
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
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Hong Y, Cao F, Fan MY, Lin YC, Gul C, Yu M, Wu X, Zhai X, Zhang YL. Impacts of chemical degradation of levoglucosan on quantifying biomass burning contribution to carbonaceous aerosols: A case study in Northeast China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 819:152007. [PMID: 34856277 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biomass burning (BB) is an important source of carbonaceous aerosols in Northeast China (NEC). Quantifying the original contribution of BB to organic carbon (OC) [BB-OC] can provide an essential scientific information for the policy-makers to formulate the control measures to improve the air quality in the NEC region. Daily PM2.5 samples were collected in the rural area of Changchun city over the NEC region from May 2017 to May 2018. In addition to carbon contents, BB tracers (e.g., levoglucosan and K+BB, defined as potassium from BB) were also determined, in order to investigate the relative contribution of BB-OC. The results showed that OC was the dominant (28%) components of PM2.5 during the sampling period. Higher concentrations of OC, levoglucosan, and K+BB were observed in the autumn followed by the winter, spring, and summer, indicating that the higher BB activities during autumn and winter in Changchun. By using the Bayesian mixing model, it was found that burning of crop residues were the dominant source (65-79%) of the BB aerosols in Changchun. During the sampling period, the aging in air mass (AAM) ratio was 0.14, indicating that ~86% of levoglucosan in Changchun was degraded. Without considering the degradation of levoglucosan in the atmosphere, the BB-OC ratios were 23%, 28%, 7%, and 4% in the autumn, winter, spring, and summer, respectively, which were 1.4-4.8 time lower than those (14-42%) with consideration of levoglucosan degradation. This illustrated that the relative contribution of BB to OC would be underestimated (~59%) without considering degradation effects of levoglucosan. Although some uncertainty was existed in our estimation, our results did highlight that the control of straw burning was an efficient way to decrease the airborne PM2.5, improving the air quality in the NEC plain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Hong
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Fang Cao
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Mei-Yi Fan
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yu-Chi Lin
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Chaman Gul
- Reading Academy, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, China
| | - Mingyuan Yu
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiaoyao Zhai
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yan-Lin Zhang
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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4
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Yuan W, Huang RJ, Yang L, Ni H, Wang T, Cao W, Duan J, Guo J, Huang H, Hoffmann T. Concentrations, optical properties and sources of humic-like substances (HULIS) in fine particulate matter in Xi'an, Northwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 789:147902. [PMID: 34052478 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Humic-like substances (HULIS) are ubiquitous in the atmospheric environment, which affects both human health and climate. We present here the mass concentration and optical characteristics of HULIS isolated from aerosol samples collected in Xi'an, China. Both mass concentration and absorption coefficient (Abs365) of HULIS show clear seasonal differences, with the highest average in winter (3.91 μgC m-3 and 4.78 M m-1, respectively) and the lowest in summer (0.65 μgC m-3 and 0.55 M m-1, respectively). The sources of HULIS_C and light absorption of HULIS were analyzed by positive matrix factorization (PMF) and four major sources were resolved, including secondary formation, biomass burning, coal burning, and vehicle emission. Our results show that secondary formation (i.e., gas-to-particle conversion from e.g., photochemical oxidation) was the major contributor to both HULIS_C (50%) and light absorption (55%) of HULIS in summer, biomass burning and coal burning were major sources of HULIS_C (~70%) and light absorption (~80%) of HULIS in winter. It is worth noting that biomass burning and coal burning had higher contribution to HULIS light absorption (47% in spring, 37% in summer, 73% in fall, and 77% in winter) than their corresponding contribution to HULIS_C concentration (41% in spring, 37% in summer, 54% in fall, and 69% in winter). However, vehicle emission had lower contribution to HULIS light absorption (26% in spring, 8% in summer, 18% in fall, and 11% in winter) than to HULIS_C concentration (24% in spring, 13% in summer, 28% in fall, and 18% in winter). These results suggest that HULIS from biomass burning and coal burning have higher light absorption ability than from vehicle emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ru-Jin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; College of Environment and public health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen 361024, China.
| | - Lu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Haiyan Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jing Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Huabin Huang
- College of Environment and public health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen 361024, China
| | - Thorsten Hoffmann
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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5
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Pardo M, Li C, Fang Z, Levin-Zaidman S, Dezorella N, Czech H, Martens P, Käfer U, Gröger T, Rüger CP, Friederici L, Zimmermann R, Rudich Y. Toxicity of Water- and Organic-Soluble Wood Tar Fractions from Biomass Burning in Lung Epithelial Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1588-1603. [PMID: 34033466 PMCID: PMC8277191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Widespread smoke from wildfires and biomass burning contributes to air pollution and the deterioration of air quality and human health. A common and major emission of biomass burning, often found in collected smoke particles, is spherical wood tar particles, also known as "tar balls". However, the toxicity of wood tar particles and the mechanisms that govern their health impacts and the impact of their complicated chemical matrix are not fully elucidated. To address these questions, we generated wood tar material from wood pyrolysis and isolated two main subfractions: water-soluble and organic-soluble fractions. The chemical characteristics as well as the cytotoxicity, oxidative damage, and DNA damage mechanisms were investigated after exposure of A549 and BEAS-2B lung epithelial cells to wood tar. Our results suggest that both wood tar subfractions reduce cell viability in exposed lung cells; however, these fractions have different modes of action that are related to their physicochemical properties. Exposure to the water-soluble wood tar fraction increased total reactive oxygen species production in the cells, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and induced oxidative damage and cell death, probably through apoptosis. Exposure to the organic-soluble fraction increased superoxide anion production, with a sharp decrease in MMP. DNA damage is a significant process that may explain the course of toxicity of the organic-soluble fraction. For both subfractions, exposure caused cell cycle alterations in the G2/M phase that were induced by upregulation of p21 and p16. Collectively, both subfractions of wood tar are toxic. The water-soluble fraction contains chemicals (such as phenolic compounds) that induce a strong oxidative stress response and penetrate living cells more easily. The organic-soluble fraction contained more polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and oxygenated PAHs and induced genotoxic processes, such as DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pardo
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Chunlin Li
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Zheng Fang
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | - Nili Dezorella
- Electron
Microscopy Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Hendryk Czech
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Cooperation Group Helmholtz Zentrum München
- German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Gmunder Str. 37, 81379 München, Germany
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Patrick Martens
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Uwe Käfer
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas Gröger
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Cooperation Group Helmholtz Zentrum München
- German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Gmunder Str. 37, 81379 München, Germany
| | - Christopher P. Rüger
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Lukas Friederici
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Cooperation Group Helmholtz Zentrum München
- German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Gmunder Str. 37, 81379 München, Germany
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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6
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Chemical and Biological Characterization of Particulate Matter (PM 2.5) and Volatile Organic Compounds Collected at Different Sites in the Los Angeles Basin. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10093245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background: Most studies on air pollution (AP) exposure have focused on adverse health effects of particulate matter (PM). Less well-studied are the actions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) not retained in PM collections. These studies quantified chemical and biological properties of both PM2.5 and VOCs. Methods: Samples were collected near the Port of Los Angeles (Long Beach, LB), railroads (Commerce, CM), and a pollution-trapping topography-site (San Bernardino, SB). Quantitative assays were conducted: (1) chemical—prooxidant and electrophile content, (2) biological—tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression (3), VOC modulation of PM effects and (4), activation of the antioxidant response element (ARE) using murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. Results: SB site samples were the most potent in the chemical and biological assays, followed by a CM railroad site. Only PM2.5 exhibited significant proinflammatory responses. VOCs were more potent than PM2.5 in generating anti-inflammatory responses; further, VOC pretreatment reduced PM-associated TNF-α expression. VOCs significantly increased ARE activation compared to their corresponding PM2.5 which remained at background levels. Conclusion: Ambient VOCs are major contributors to adaptive responses that can modulate PM effects, in vitro, and, as such, need to be included in comprehensive assessments of AP.
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Gonzalez DH, Soukup JM, Madden MC, Hays M, Berntsen J, Paulson SE, Ghio AJ. A Fulvic Acid-like Substance Participates in the Pro-inflammatory Effects of Cigarette Smoke and Wood Smoke Particles. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:999-1009. [PMID: 32191033 PMCID: PMC8274388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We tested the postulates that (1) a fulvic acid (FA)-like substance is included in cigarette smoke and wood smoke particles (WSP) and (2) cell exposure to this substance results in a disruption of iron homeostasis, associated with a deficiency of the metal and an inflammatory response. The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectra of the water-soluble components of cigarette smoke condensate and WSP (Cig-WS and Wood-WS) approximated those for the standard reference materials, Suwanee River and Nordic fulvic acids (SRFA and NFA). Fourier transform infrared spectra for the FA fraction of cigarette smoke and WSP (Cig-FA and Wood-FA), SRFA, and NFA also revealed significant similarities (O-H bond in alcohols, phenols, and carboxylates, C═O in ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylates, and a significant carboxylate content). After exposure to Cig-WS and Wood-WS and the FA standards, iron was imported by respiratory epithelial cells, reflecting a functional iron deficiency. The release of pro-inflammatory mediators interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-6 by respiratory epithelial cells also increased following exposures to Cig-WS, Wood-WS, SRFA, and NFA. Co-exposure of the respiratory epithelial cells with iron decreased supernatant concentrations of the ILs relative to exposures to Cig-WS, Wood-WS, SRFA, and NFA alone. It is concluded that (1) a FA-like substance is included in cigarette smoke and WSP and (2) respiratory epithelial cell exposure to this substance results in a disruption of iron homeostasis associated with both a cell deficiency of the metal and an inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Gonzalez
- Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Joleen M Soukup
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Michael C Madden
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Michael Hays
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Jon Berntsen
- TRC Environmental, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Suzanne E Paulson
- Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Andrew J Ghio
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
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8
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Ma Y, Cheng Y, Qiu X, Cao G, Kuang B, Yu JZ, Hu D. Optical properties, source apportionment and redox activity of humic-like substances (HULIS) in airborne fine particulates in Hong Kong. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113087. [PMID: 31541815 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Humic-like substances (HULIS) account for a considerable fraction of water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) in ambient fine particulates (PM2.5) over the world. However, systemic studies regarding the chemical characteristics, sources and redox activity of HULIS are still limited. In this study, the mass concentration, optical properties, and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generation potential of HULIS were investigated in PM2.5 samples collected in Hong Kong during 2011-2012, and they all showed higher levels on days under regional pollution than on days under long range transport (LRT) pollution and local emissions. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis was conducted regarding the mass concentration and dithiothreitol (DTT) activity of HULIS. Four primary sources (i.e. marine vessels, industrial exhaust, biomass burning, and vehicle emissions), and two secondary sources (i.e. secondary organic aerosol formation and secondary sulfate) were identified. Most sources showed higher contributions to both the mass concentration and DTT activity of HULIS on regional days than on LRT and local days, except that marine vessels had a higher contribution on local days than the other two synoptic conditions. Secondary processes were the major contributor to HULIS (54.9%) throughout the year, followed by biomass burning (27.4%) and industrial exhaust (14.7%). As for the DTT activity of HULIS, biomass burning (62.9%) and secondary processes (25.4%) were found to be the top two contributors. Intrinsic ROS-generation potential of HULIS was also investigated by normalizing the DTT activity by HULIS mass in each source. HULIS from biomass burning were the most DTT-active, followed by marine vessels; while HULIS formed through secondary processes were the least DTT-active. For the optical properties of HULIS, multiple linear regression model was adopted to evaluate the contributions of various sources to the light absorbing ability of HULIS. Biomass burning was found to be the only source significantly associated with the light absorbing property of HULIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Yubo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Civil and Environment Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518057, PR China
| | - Binyu Kuang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Jian Zhen Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Di Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen Virtual University Park, Shenzhen, 518057, PR China.
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9
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Ma H, Li J, Wan C, Liang Y, Zhang X, Dong G, Hu L, Yang B, Zeng X, Su T, Lu S, Chen S, Khorram MS, Sheng G, Wang X, Mai B, Yu Z, Zhang G. Inflammation Response of Water-Soluble Fractions in Atmospheric Fine Particulates: A Seasonal Observation in 10 Large Chinese Cities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:3782-3790. [PMID: 30831022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal trends in pro-inflammatory (interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8) release after exposure to the water-soluble fractions of PM2.5 sampled in 10 large Chinese cities over 1 year were investigated. Chemical components (water-soluble ions, metal(loid) elements, water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), humic-like substances (HULIS), and endotoxins) in PM2.5 samples were measured, and the molecular structure of WSOC was also analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance. Changes in DNA methylation and gene expression of candidate genes were also evaluated to explore the potential mechanisms. PM2.5 from southern cities induced lower pro-inflammatory responses compared to those from northern cities. Seasonal differences in toxicity were noted among the cities. IL-6 was significantly correlated with HULIS (as the main fraction of WSOC with oxygenated carbohydrate structures characteristic), Pb, and endotoxin. Furthermore, DNA methylation and gene expression changes in RASSF2 and CYP1B1 were related to pro-inflammatory secretion. Certain components of PM2.5, rather than PM2.5 mass itself, determine the pro-inflammatory release. In particular, HULIS, which originated from primary biomass burning and residual coal combustion, and secondary organic aerosols, appear to be the key component in PM2.5 to induce human health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Lancaster Environmental Centre , Lancaster University , LA1 4YQ Lancaster , United Kingdom
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Cong Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yaohui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xiangyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Guanghui Dong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510080 , China
| | - Liwen Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510080 , China
| | - Boyi Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510080 , China
| | - Xiaowen Zeng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510080 , China
| | - Tao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Shaoyou Lu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Shejun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Mahdi Safaei Khorram
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Guoying Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Bixian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
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Hargrove MM, McGee JK, Gibbs-Flournoy EA, Wood CE, Kim YH, Gilmour MI, Gavett SH. Source-apportioned coarse particulate matter exacerbates allergic airway responses in mice. Inhal Toxicol 2018; 30:405-415. [PMID: 30516399 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1542047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to coarse particulate matter (PM) is associated with lung inflammation and exacerbation of respiratory symptoms in sensitive populations, but the degree to which specific emission sources contribute to these effects is unclear. We examined whether coarse PM samples enriched with diverse sources differentially exacerbate allergic airway responses. Coarse PM was collected weekly (7/2009-6/2010) from urban (G.T. Craig [GTC]) and rural (Chippewa Lake Monitor [CLM]) sites in the Cleveland, Ohio area. Source apportionment results were used to pool GTC filter PM extracts into five samples dominated by traffic, coal, steel (two samples), or road salt sources. Five CLM samples were prepared from corresponding weeks. Control non-allergic and house dust mite (HDM)-allergic Balb/cJ mice were exposed by oropharyngeal aspiration to 100 μg coarse GTC or CLM, control filter extract, or saline only, and responses were examined 2 d after PM exposures. In allergic mice, CLM traffic, CLM road salt and all GTC samples except steel-1 significantly increased airway responsiveness to methacholine (MCh) compared with control treatments. In non-allergic mice, CLM traffic, CLM steel-2 and all GTC samples except coal significantly increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) neutrophils, while only CLM traffic PM increased eosinophils in allergic mice. In non-allergic mice, CLM coal PM increased BALF interleukin (IL)-13 and GTC steel-1 PM increased TNF-α levels. These results demonstrate that equal masses of GTC and CLM coarse PM enriched with a variety of sources exacerbate allergic airway disease. Greater PM concentrations at the urban GTC site signify a greater potential for human health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie McGee Hargrove
- a Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - John K McGee
- b Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | | | - Charles E Wood
- b Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- c National Research Council , Washington , DC , USA
| | - M Ian Gilmour
- b Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Stephen H Gavett
- b Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
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