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Möller S, Lykkegaard J, Hansen RS, Stokholm L, Kjær NK, Ahrenfeldt LJ. Sensory impairments and the risk of cognitive decline and dementia across sex, age, and regions: Longitudinal insights from Europe. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 127:105584. [PMID: 39094402 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In aging populations, understanding predictors of cognitive decline is essential. We aimed to investigate the risk of cognitive decline and dementia by sensory impairments across sex, age, and European regions, and examined the mediating role of activities of daily living (ADL), physical activity, and depressive symptoms. METHODS A cohort study of 72,287 Europeans aged 50+ participating in at least two waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. We employed mixed-effects and time-to-event models, incorporating sex interactions, and adjusting for socio-demographic factors and medical history. RESULTS Compared to individuals with good vision and hearing, lower cognitive function was found for people with vision impairment (VI) (males: coef. -0.70, 95 % CI -0.95; -0.46; females: coef. -1.12, 95 % CI -1.33; -0.92), hearing impairment (HI) (males: coef. -0.64, 95 % CI -0.93; -0.35; females: coef. -0.96, 95 % CI -1.27; -0.65) and dual sensory impairment (DSI, i.e. VI and HI) (males: coef. -1.81, 95 % CI -2.16; -1.46; females: coef. -2.71, 95 % CI -3.05; -2.38), particularly among females. Moreover, higher dementia risk was observed among participants with VI (hazard ratio (HR) 1.29, 95 % CI 1.17; 1.43), HI (HR 1.18, 95 % CI 1.05; 1.34), and DSI (HR 1.62, 95 % CI 1.45; 1.81) with no sex-interactions. Findings were overall consistent across age and European regions. CONCLUSION The results suggest the necessity of preventing sensory impairments to maintain good cognitive function. Mitigating depressive symptoms, ADL limitations, and physical inactivity could potentially reduce a significant portion of the total effect of sensory impairments on cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Möller
- Open Patient data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark; The OPEN Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jesper Lykkegaard
- Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 6700 Esbjerg-Odense, Denmark
| | - Rikke Syrak Hansen
- Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 6700 Esbjerg-Odense, Denmark
| | - Lonny Stokholm
- Open Patient data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark; The OPEN Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Kristian Kjær
- Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 6700 Esbjerg-Odense, Denmark
| | - Linda Juel Ahrenfeldt
- Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 6700 Esbjerg-Odense, Denmark.
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Glaesser D, Iwig M. Increased molar ratio of free fatty acids to albumin in blood as cause and early biomarker for the development of cataracts and Alzheimer's disease. Exp Eye Res 2024; 243:109888. [PMID: 38583754 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Cataracts and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are closely linked and are associated with aging and with systemic diseases that increase the molar ratio of free fatty acids to albumin (mFAR) in the blood. From the results of our earlier studies on the development of senile cataracts and from results recently published in the literature on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, we suggest that there is a common lipotoxic cascade for both diseases, explaining the strong connection between aging, an elevated mFAR in the blood, cataract formation, and AD. Long-chain free fatty acids (FFA) are transported in the blood as FFA/albumin complexes. In young people, vascular albumin barriers in the eyes and brain, very similar in their structure and effect, reduce the FFA/albumin complex concentration from around 650 μmol/l in the blood to 1-3 μmol/l in the aqueous humour of the eyes as well as in the cerebrospinal fluid of the brain. At such low concentrations the fatty acid uptake of the target cells - lens epithelial and brain cells - rises with increasing FFA/albumin complex concentrations, especially when the fatty acid load of albumin molecules is mFAR>1. At higher albumin concentrations, for instance in blood plasma or the interstitial tissue spaces, the fatty acid uptake of the target cells becomes increasingly independent of the FFA/albumin complex concentration and is mainly a function of the mFAR (Richieri et al., 1993). In the blood plasma of young people, the mFAR is normally below 1.0. In people over 40 years old, aging increases the mFAR by decreasing the plasma concentration of albumin and enhancing the plasma concentrations of FFA. The increase in the mFAR in association with C6-unsaturated FFA are risk factors for the vascular albumin barriers (Hennig et al., 1984). Damage to the vascular albumin barrier in the eyes and brain increases the concentration of FFA/albumin complex in the aqueous humour as well as in the cerebrospinal fluid, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and the death of lens epithelial and brain cells, the development of cataracts, and AD. An age-dependent increase in the concentration of FFA/albumin complex has been found in the aqueous humour of 177 cataract patients, correlating with the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic death of lens epithelial cells, lens opacification and cataracts (Iwig et al., 2004). Mitochondrial dysfunction is also an early crucial event in Alzheimer's pathology, closely connected with the generation of amyloid beta peptides (Leuner et al., 2012). Very recently, amyloid beta production has also been confirmed in the lenses of Alzheimer's patients, causing cataracts (Moncaster et al., 2022). In view of this, we propose that there is a common lipotoxic cascade for senile cataract formation and senile AD, initiated by aging and/or systemic diseases, leading to an mFAR>1 in the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Glaesser
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097, Halle, Germany.
| | - Martin Iwig
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097, Halle, Germany
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Liu X, Guan Z, Liang S, Feng S, Zhou Y. Associations of cataract, cataract surgery with dementia risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 448,140 participants. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14113. [PMID: 37874275 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cataract is the leading cause of blindness around the world. Previous investigations have assessed the relationship between cataract, cataract surgery and dementia risk, but their results remain controversial. Herein, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the associations between cataract, cataract surgery and the risk of dementia. METHODS We systemically screened the literature from three electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE and CENTRAL until April 2023. The data were collected by two independent researchers. The hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) from eligible studies with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were adjusted into the risk ratios (RRs), which were pooled using the random-effects model. RESULTS A total of nine studies with 448,140 participants reported the associations between cataract or cataract surgery and the risk of dementia were included in this meta-analysis. The outcomes of our pooled analysis indicated that cataract was associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia (RR = 1.24, 95% CI, 1.14-1.35, p < .00001), Alzheimer's disease (RR = 1.22, 95% CI, 1.10-1.35, p = .0002) and vascular dementia (RR = 1.29, 95% CI, 1.01-1.66, p = .04). Cataract surgery is associated with a reduction of the dementia risk (RR = 0.74, 95% CI, 0.67-0.81, p < .00001). CONCLUSIONS Current evidence from the existing studies supports that cataract is associated with an increased risk of dementia, and cataract surgery may be instrumental in reducing the risk of dementia in patients with cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zeyu Guan
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China
| | - Shucheng Liang
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China
| | - Shenghui Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang L, Sang B, Zheng Z. The risk of dementia or cognitive impairment in patients with cataracts: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Ment Health 2024; 28:11-22. [PMID: 37416949 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2226616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate whether cataract disease is associated with the risk of developing dementia or cognitive impairment. METHODS A systematic search of the literature in PubMed, the Extracts Database (Embase), the Cochrane Library and the Web of Science databases was performed from the inception data of each database until 1 September 2022. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness and reliability of the overall findings. All extracted data were statistically analyzed using Stata software v.16.0. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and the Egger test. RESULTS There were 11 publications included in this study, which consisted of 489,211participants, spanning 10 countries from 2012 to 2022. Aggregation suggested that cataracts were associated with cognitive impairment (odds ratio [OR] = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.21-1.43; I 2 = 45.4.%; p = 0.000). The presence of cataracts is significantly associated with an increased risk of developing all-cause dementia (relative risk [RR] = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.08-1.26; I2 = 0.0%; p = 0.000). In subgroup analyses, having cataracts may increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.13-1.45; I2 = 0.0%; p = 0.000) and vascular dementia (HR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.06-1.73; I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.015). The data from the Egger's test showed no significant evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS Cataracts are associated with the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Wang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Bowen Sang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Zuyan Zheng
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Feng J, Huang C, Liang L, Li C, Wang X, Ma J, Guan X, Jiang B, Huang S, Qin P. The Association Between Eye Disease and Incidence of Dementia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023; 24:1363-1373.e6. [PMID: 37527793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To better demonstrate the relationship between common eye diseases and the risk of dementia, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies to investigate the relationship between common eye diseases and dementia. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Patients with common eye diseases. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of articles published up to August 25, 2022, of online databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science. We included cohort studies that evaluated the association of glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and cataracts with all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD). Relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs were pooled using random effects model, and heterogeneity was assessed by the I2 statistic. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were also performed. RESULTS In total, 25 studies were included in the meta-analysis, with a total of 11,410,709 participants. Pooled estimates suggested an increased risk of all-cause dementia associated with AMD (RR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.13-1.48), glaucoma (RR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.03-1.32), DR (RR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.21-1.63), and cataract (RR,1.23; 95% CI, 1.09-1.40); an increased risk of AD associated with AMD (RR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.06-1.52), glaucoma (RR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.02-1.38), DR (RR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.04-1.41), and cataracts (RR,1.22; 95% CI, 1.07-1.38). No association was observed between incident VaD and any eye diseases. The results of subgroup analyses were consistent with those in meta-analysis of DR and risk of all-cause dementia. Meta-regressions suggested geographic regions as potential sources of heterogeneity for the association between AMD and all-cause dementia, AMD and AD, glaucoma and dementia, glaucoma, and AD, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS AMD, glaucoma, DR, and cataract may be associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia and AD, but not VaD. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously because of the high heterogeneity and unstable findings in some subgroup analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Feng
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; College of Medicine, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cuihong Huang
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Liang
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuang Li
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; College of Medicine, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianping Ma
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinhui Guan
- Ophthalmology Department, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaofen Huang
- Department of Public Health, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Pei Qin
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Xiong Z, Li X, Yang D, Xiong C, Xu Q, Zhou Q. The association between cataract and incidence of cognitive impairment in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Behav Brain Res 2023; 450:114455. [PMID: 37148915 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cataract has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment. However, the results of previous studies have been inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between cataract and the incidence of cognitive impairment in older adults. METHODS A comprehensive search of electronic databases from inception to January 2023 was performed to identify relevant studies. Data were extracted from eligible studies and a meta-analysis was performed to calculate the pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS We included 13 studies with 25 study arms involving a total of 798,694 participants. Compared with participants without cataract, those with cataract had a higher risk of developing all-cause dementia (pooled HR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.08-1.38; I2=86%; 9 studies), Alzheimer's disease dementia (pooled HR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.07-1.30; I2=0%; 9 studies), vascular dementia (pooled HR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.02-1.43; I2=77%;3 studies) and mild cognitive impairment (pooled HR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.13-1.50; I2=0%;2 studies). There was no significant association between cataract and mixed dementia (pooled HR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.52-2.04; I2=78%;2 studies). We assessed the risk of bias of the included studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and found that most of them had a low or moderate risk of bias. The number of studies in each meta-analysis ranged from two to nine, with more studies available for all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease dementia than for vascular dementia and mixed dementia. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that cataract may be associated with cognitive impairment in older adults. However, the causal relationship between cataract and cognition remains unclear and requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenrong Xiong
- Public relations department, The First People's Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Xinming Li
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Dejiang Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Chongyu Xiong
- Public relations department, The First People's Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Qinggang Xu
- Jiangxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, Jiangxi, China.
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Chen Y, Wang W, Liao H, Shi D, Tan Z, Shang X, Zhang X, Huang Y, Deng Q, Yu H, Yang X, He M, Zhu Z. Self-reported cataract surgery and 10-year all-cause and cause-specific mortality: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Br J Ophthalmol 2023; 107:430-435. [PMID: 34697024 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-319678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association of self-reported cataract surgery with all-cause and cause-specific mortality using a large-scale population-based sample. METHODS Data from the 1999-2008 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. A self-reported history of cataract surgery was considered a surrogate for the presence of clinically significant cataract surgery. Mortality data were ascertained from National Death Index records. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for survival were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS A total of 14 918 participants were included in the analysis. During a median follow-up of 10.8 (Interquartile range, IQR, 8.25-13.7) years, 3966 (19.1%) participants died. Participants with self-reported cataract surgery were more likely to die from all causes and specific causes (vascular disease, cancer, accident, Alzheimer's disease, respiratory disease, renal disease and others) compared with those without (all Ps <0.05). The association between self-reported cataract surgery and all-cause mortality remained significant after multiple adjustments (HR=1.13; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.26). For cause-specific mortality, multivariable Cox models showed that self-reported cataract surgery predicted a 36% higher risk of vascular-related mortality (HR=1.36; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.82). The association with other specific causes of mortality did not reach statistical significance after multiple adjustments. CONCLUSIONS This study found significant associations of self-reported cataract surgery with all-cause and vascular mortalities. Our findings provide potential insights into the pathogenic pathways underlying cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Chen
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huan Liao
- Neural Regeneration Group, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Danli Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zachary Tan
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xianwen Shang
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Honghua Yu
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingguang He
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China .,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhuoting Zhu
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Lai SW. Atrial Fibrillation and the Risk of Dementia. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2022; 30:117. [PMID: 34315646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wei Lai
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Sobczak AM, Bohaterewicz B, Fafrowicz M, Domagalik A, Beldzik E, Oginska H, Golonka N, Rekas M, Bronicki D, Romanowska-Dixon B, Bolsega-Pacud J, Karwowski W, Farahani FV, Marek T. The Influence of Intraocular Lens Implantation and Alterations in Blue Light Transmittance Level on the Brain Functional Network Architecture Reorganization in Cataract Patients. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11111400. [PMID: 34827400 PMCID: PMC8615544 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cataract is one of the most common age-related vision deteriorations, leading to opacification of the lens and therefore visual impairment as well as blindness. Both cataract extraction and the implantation of blue light filtering lens are believed to improve not only vision but also overall functioning. METHODS Thirty-four cataract patients were subject to resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging before and after cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation (IOL). Global and local graph metrics were calculated in order to investigate the reorganization of functional network architecture associated with alterations in blue light transmittance. Psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) was conducted. RESULTS Graph theory-based analysis revealed decreased eigenvector centrality after the cataract extraction and IOL replacement in inferior occipital gyrus, superior parietal gyrus and many cerebellum regions as well as increased clustering coefficient in superior and inferior parietal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus and various cerebellum regions. PVT results revealed significant change between experimental sessions as patients responded faster after IOL replacement. Moreover, a few regions were correlated with the difference in blue light transmittance and the time reaction in PVT. CONCLUSION Current study revealed substantial functional network architecture reorganization associated with cataract extraction and alteration in blue light transmittance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Sobczak
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; (M.F.); (E.B.); (H.O.); (N.G.); (T.M.)
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.M.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Bartosz Bohaterewicz
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; (M.F.); (E.B.); (H.O.); (N.G.); (T.M.)
- Department of Psychology of Individual Differences, Psychological Diagnosis, and Psychometrics, Institute of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 03-815 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.M.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Magdalena Fafrowicz
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; (M.F.); (E.B.); (H.O.); (N.G.); (T.M.)
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Domagalik
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Ewa Beldzik
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; (M.F.); (E.B.); (H.O.); (N.G.); (T.M.)
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Halszka Oginska
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; (M.F.); (E.B.); (H.O.); (N.G.); (T.M.)
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Natalia Golonka
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; (M.F.); (E.B.); (H.O.); (N.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Marek Rekas
- Ophthalmology Department, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-349 Warsaw, Poland; (M.R.); (D.B.)
| | - Dominik Bronicki
- Ophthalmology Department, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-349 Warsaw, Poland; (M.R.); (D.B.)
| | - Bożena Romanowska-Dixon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ocular Oncology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-008 Kraków, Poland; (B.R.-D.); (J.B.-P.)
| | - Joanna Bolsega-Pacud
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ocular Oncology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-008 Kraków, Poland; (B.R.-D.); (J.B.-P.)
| | - Waldemar Karwowski
- Computational Neuroergonomics Laboratory, Department of Industrial Engineering & Management Systems, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA; (W.K.); (F.V.F.)
| | - Farzad V. Farahani
- Computational Neuroergonomics Laboratory, Department of Industrial Engineering & Management Systems, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA; (W.K.); (F.V.F.)
- Biostatistics Department, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Tadeusz Marek
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; (M.F.); (E.B.); (H.O.); (N.G.); (T.M.)
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
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Kuźma E, Littlejohns TJ, Khawaja AP, Llewellyn DJ, Ukoumunne OC, Thiem U. Visual Impairment, Eye Diseases, and Dementia Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:1073-1087. [PMID: 34397414 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visual impairment and eye diseases have been associated with dementia, though with mixed findings and often in cross-sectional studies. OBJECTIVE To identify prospective studies investigating associations between visual impairment or common eye diseases and risk of all-cause dementia or key dementia subtypes. METHODS We searched Medline, PsycINFO, and Embase from inception to January 2020. We also conducted backward and forward citation searches of included studies and set up alerts to identify studies published after the search date. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to combine adjusted estimates across studies. RESULTS Thirty studies met our eligibility criteria. For visual impairment, pooled estimates indicated an increased risk of all-cause dementia (37,705 participants, 3,415 cases, risk ratio [RR] = 1.38, 95%confidence interval [CI]: 1.19-1.59, I2 = 28.6%). Pooled estimates also suggested an increased dementia risk associated with cataract (6,659 participants, 1,312 cases, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.17, 95%CI 1.00-1.38, I2 = 0.0%) and diabetic retinopathy (43,658 participants, 7,060 cases, HR = 1.34, 95%CI 1.11-1.61, I2 = 63.9%), respectively. There was no evidence of an association between glaucoma (175,357 participants, 44,144 cases, HR = 0.97, 95%CI 0.90-1.04, I2 = 51.5%) or age-related macular degeneration (7,800,692 participants, > 2,559 cases, HR = 1.15, 95%CI 0.88-1.50, I2 = 91.0%) and risk of dementia, respectively. CONCLUSION As visual impairment, cataract, and diabetic retinopathy are associated with an increased likelihood of developing dementia, early diagnosis may help identify those at risk of dementia. Given most causes of visual impairment are treatable or preventable, the potential for dementia prevention warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Kuźma
- Albertinen-Haus Centre for Geriatrics and Gerontology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas J Littlejohns
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony P Khawaja
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - David J Llewellyn
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.,Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Obioha C Ukoumunne
- NIHR ARC South West Peninsula (PenARC), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrich Thiem
- Albertinen-Haus Centre for Geriatrics and Gerontology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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11
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Altered brain network centrality in patients with mild cognitive impairment: an fMRI study using a voxel-wise degree centrality approach. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:15491-15500. [PMID: 34106878 PMCID: PMC8221306 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies in patients with Alzheimer's disease have shown amyloid beta accumulation in the brain and abnormal brain activity, with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in early stages of the disease. The aim of the current study was to investigate functional connectivity in patients with MCI. METHODS We recruited 24 subjects in total, including 12 patients with MCI (6 men and 6 women) and 12 healthy controls (HCs) (6 men and 6 women), matched for age, gender, and lifestyle factors. All subjects underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans and voxel-wise degree centrality (DC) was used to evaluate alterations in the strength of brain network connectivity. RESULTS The DC value of the left inferior temporal gyrus was lower in MCI but significantly higher in the right fusiform gyrus and the left supplementary motor area, compared with HCs. The DC value in left inferior temporal gyrus correlated positively with disease duration and negatively with Mini-Mental State Examination. ROC curve analysis of brain regions showed acceptable specificity and accuracy of DC values between MCIs and HCs in the area under the curve (right fusiform gyrus, 0.955; left supplementary motor area, 0.992; left inferior temporal gyrus, 1.000). CONCLUSIONS Abnormal functional connectivity in brain regions of patients with MCI may reflect the pathological process of Alzheimer's disease development and could prove useful in clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Paley EL. Diet-Related Metabolic Perturbations of Gut Microbial Shikimate Pathway-Tryptamine-tRNA Aminoacylation-Protein Synthesis in Human Health and Disease. Int J Tryptophan Res 2019; 12:1178646919834550. [PMID: 30944520 PMCID: PMC6440052 DOI: 10.1177/1178646919834550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gut bacterial Na(+)-transporting NADH:ubiquinone reductase (NQR) sequence is associated with Alzheimer disease (AD). Here, Alzheimer disease-associated sequence (ADAS) is further characterized in cultured spore-forming Clostridium sp. Tryptophan and NQR substrate ubiquinone have common precursor chorismate in microbial shikimate pathway. Tryptophan-derived tryptamine presents in human diet and gut microbiome. Tryptamine inhibits tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (TrpRS) with consequent neurodegeneration in cell and animal models. Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase inhibition causes protein biosynthesis impairment similar to that revealed in AD. Tryptamine-induced TrpRS gene-dose reduction is associated with TrpRS protein deficiency and cell death. In animals, tryptamine treatment results in toxicity, weight gain, and prediabetes-related hypoglycemia. Sequence analysis of gut microbiome database reveals 89% to 100% ADAS nucleotide identity in American Indian (Cheyenne and Arapaho [C&A]) Oklahomans, of which ~93% being overweight or obese and 50% self-reporting type 2 diabetes (T2D). Alzheimer disease-associated sequence occurs in 10.8% of C&A vs 1.3% of healthy American population. This observation is of considerable interest because T2D links to AD and obesity. Alzheimer disease-associated sequence prevails in gut microbiome of colorectal cancer, which linked to AD. Metabolomics revealed that tryptamine, chorismate precursor quinate, and chorismate product 4-hydroxybenzoate (ubiquinone precursor) are significantly higher, while tryptophan-containing dipeptides are lower due to tRNA aminoacylation deficiency in C&A compared with non-native Oklahoman who showed no ADAS. Thus, gut microbial tryptamine overproduction correlates with ADAS occurrence. Antibiotic and diet additives induce ADAS and tryptamine. Mitogenic/cytotoxic tryptamine cause microbial and human cell death, gut dysbiosis, and consequent disruption of host-microbe homeostasis. Present analysis of 1246 participants from 17 human gut metagenomics studies revealed ADAS in cell death diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena L Paley
- Expert BioMed, Inc., Miami Dade, FL, USA.,Stop Alzheimers Corp, Miami Dade, FL, USA.,Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
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13
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Ocular and Visual Manifestation of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Literature Review II Part: Clinical Studies. ARCHIVES OF NEUROSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/ans.74239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Pershing S, Henderson VW, Bundorf MK, Lu Y, Rahman M, Andrews CA, Goldstein M, Stein JD. Differences in Cataract Surgery Rates Based on Dementia Status. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 69:423-432. [PMID: 30958371 PMCID: PMC10728498 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cataract surgery substantially improves patient quality of life. Despite the rising prevalence of dementia in the US, little is known about use of cataract surgery among this group. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between dementia status and cataract surgery. METHODS Using administrative insurance claims for a representative sample of 1,125,387 US Medicare beneficiaries who received eye care between 2006 and 2015, we compared cataract surgery rates between patients with and without dementia via multivariable regression models to adjust for patient characteristics. Main outcome measures were annual rates of cataract surgery and hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) for receiving cataract surgery. RESULTS Cataract surgery was performed in 457,128 patients, 23,331 with a prior diagnosis of dementia. 16.7% of dementia patients underwent cataract surgery, compared to 43.8% of patients without dementia. 59 cataract surgeries were performed per 1000 dementia patients annually, versus 105 surgeries per 1000 nondementia patients. After adjusting for patient characteristics, dementia patients were approximately half as likely to receive cataract surgery compared to nondementia patients (adjusted HR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.53-0.54). Among the subset of patients who received a first cataract surgery, those with dementia were also less likely to receive second-eye cataract surgery (adjusted HR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.86-0.88). CONCLUSION US Medicare patients with dementia are less likely to undergo cataract surgery than those without dementia. This finding has implications for quality of care and dementia progression. More information is necessary to understand why rates of cataract surgery are lower for these patients, and to identify conditions where benefits of surgery may outweigh risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzann Pershing
- Byers Eye Institute at Stanford, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Victor W. Henderson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - M. Kate Bundorf
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Moshiur Rahman
- Byers Eye Institute at Stanford, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Eye Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chris A. Andrews
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Eye Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mary Goldstein
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Joshua D. Stein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Eye Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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15
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Leon M, Woo C. Environmental Enrichment and Successful Aging. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:155. [PMID: 30083097 PMCID: PMC6065351 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain sustains a slow but progressive decline in function as it ages and these changes are particularly profound in cognitive processing. A potential contributor to this deterioration is the gradual decline in the functioning of multiple sensory systems and the effects they have on areas of the brain that mediate cognitive function. In older adults, diminished capacity is typically observed in the visual, auditory, masticatory, olfactory, and motor systems, and these age-related declines are associated with both a decline in cognitive proficiency, and a loss of neurons in regions of the brain. We will review how the loss of hearing, vision, mastication skills, olfactory impairment, and motoric decline accompany cognitive loss, and how improved functioning of these systems may aid in the restoration of the cognitive abilities in older adults. The human brain appears to require a great deal of stimulation to maintain its cognitive efficacy as people age and environmental enrichment may aid in its maintenance and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Leon
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Cynthia Woo
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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16
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Paley EL, Perry G. Towards an Integrative Understanding of tRNA Aminoacylation-Diet-Host-Gut Microbiome Interactions in Neurodegeneration. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10040410. [PMID: 29587458 PMCID: PMC5946195 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenic mice used for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) preclinical experiments do not recapitulate the human disease. In our models, the dietary tryptophan metabolite tryptamine produced by human gut microbiome induces tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (TrpRS) deficiency with consequent neurodegeneration in cells and mice. Dietary supplements, antibiotics and certain drugs increase tryptamine content in vivo. TrpRS catalyzes tryptophan attachment to tRNAtrp at initial step of protein biosynthesis. Tryptamine that easily crosses the blood–brain barrier induces vasculopathies, neurodegeneration and cell death via TrpRS competitive inhibition. TrpRS inhibitor tryptophanol produced by gut microbiome also induces neurodegeneration. TrpRS inhibition by tryptamine and its metabolites preventing tryptophan incorporation into proteins lead to protein biosynthesis impairment. Tryptophan, a least amino acid in food and proteins that cannot be synthesized by humans competes with frequent amino acids for the transport from blood to brain. Tryptophan is a vulnerable amino acid, which can be easily lost to protein biosynthesis. Some proteins marking neurodegenerative pathology, such as tau lack tryptophan. TrpRS exists in cytoplasmic (WARS) and mitochondrial (WARS2) forms. Pathogenic gene variants of both forms cause TrpRS deficiency with consequent intellectual and motor disabilities in humans. The diminished tryptophan-dependent protein biosynthesis in AD patients is a proof of our model-based disease concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena L Paley
- Expert Biomed, Inc., 11933 SW 271st TER Homestead, Miami Dade, FL 33032-3305, USA.
- Stop Alzheimers Corp., Miami Dade, FL 33032, USA.
- Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Ave, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA.
| | - George Perry
- Stop Alzheimers Corp., Miami Dade, FL 33032, USA.
- University of Texas at San Antonio, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
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17
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Lin H, Zhang L, Lin D, Chen W, Zhu Y, Chen C, Chan KC, Liu Y, Chen W. Visual Restoration after Cataract Surgery Promotes Functional and Structural Brain Recovery. EBioMedicine 2018; 30:52-61. [PMID: 29548900 PMCID: PMC5952227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Visual function and brain function decline concurrently with aging. Notably, cataract patients often present with accelerated age-related decreases in brain function, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Optical structures of the anterior segment of the eyes, such as the lens and cornea, can be readily reconstructed to improve refraction and vision quality. However, the effects of visual restoration on human brain function and structure remain largely unexplored. Methods A prospective, controlled clinical trial was conducted. Twenty-six patients with bilateral age-related cataracts (ARCs) who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation and 26 healthy controls without ARC, matched for age, sex, and education, were recruited. Visual functions (including visual acuity, visual evoke potential, and contrast sensitivity), the Mini-Mental State Examination and functional magnetic resonance imaging (including the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations and grey matter volume variation) were assessed for all the participants and reexamined for ARC patients after cataract surgery. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02644720). Findings Compared with the healthy controls, the ARC patients presented decreased brain functionality as well as structural alterations in visual and cognitive-related brain areas preoperatively. Three months postoperatively, significant functional improvements were observed in the visual and cognitive-related brain areas of the patients. Six months postoperatively, the patients' grey matter volumes in these areas were significantly increased. Notably, both the function and structure in the visual and cognitive-related brain areas of the patients improved significantly and became comparable to those of the healthy controls 6 months postoperatively. Interpretation We demonstrated that ocular reconstruction can functionally and structurally reverse cataract-induced brain changes. The integrity of the eye is essential for maintaining the structure and function of the brain within and beyond the primary visual pathway. Cataract patients with reduced visual function presented a simultaneous decrease in brain function and grey matter volume. Cataract surgery can reverse cerebral changes in both visual and cognitive-related regions associated with visual decline. The integrity of the eye is essential for maintaining the structure and function of the brain.
The eyes and brain are anatomically and functionally connected. Age related cataract (ARC) is associated with structural and functional impairments of the brain. However, whether these changes are reversible after cataract surgery is largely unknown. We assessed the patients based on subjective cognitive evaluations and objective functional magnetic resonance imaging before and after surgery. Significant improvements in brain function and increases in the grey matter volumes of the visual, cognitive-related, and somatosensory brain areas were observed, demonstrating that the impaired brain function and structure of ARC patients can be reversed after restoration of visual acuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China; Department of Ophthalmology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, People's Republic of China
| | - Duoru Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kevin C Chan
- NYU Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weirong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this paper was to examine whether glaucoma could be a non-memory manifestation of Alzheimer's disease in older people. METHODS We conducted a population-based, retrospective, case-control study to analyze the database of the Taiwan National Health Insurance Program. There were 1,351 subjects ≥65 years old with newly diagnosed Alzheimer's disease as the cases, and 5,329 subjects without any type of dementias as the controls during 2000-2011. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the risk of Alzheimer's disease associated with glaucoma was estimated by the multivariable unconditional logistic regression model. RESULTS After controlling for confounders, the multivariable logistic regression model demonstrated that the adjusted OR of Alzheimer's disease was 1.50 in subjects with glaucoma (95% CI 1.19, 1.89), compared to subjects without glaucoma. CONCLUSIONS Older people with glaucoma are associated with 1.5-fold increased odds of Alzheimer's disease in Taiwan. Glaucoma may be a non-memory manifestation of Alzheimer's disease in older people. Further research is needed to confirm this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wei Lai
- College of Medicine,China Medical University,Taichung,Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- College of Medicine,China Medical University,Taichung,Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Fu Liao
- College of Medicine,Tzu Chi University,Hualien,Taiwan
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Hamagishi T, Inagawa T, Kambayashi Y, Tsujiguchi H, Kitaoka M, Mitoma J, Asakura H, Suzuki F, Hori D, Anyenda EO, Thao NTT, Hibino Y, Hayashi K, Shibata A, Sagara T, Okochi J, Takamoku K, Hatta K, Konoshita T, Nakamura H. The Association between Activity of Daily Living and the Combination of Alzheimer’s Disease and Cataract in Elderly Requiring Nursing Care. Health (London) 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2016.810103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
The Rotterdam Study is a prospective cohort study ongoing since 1990 in the city of Rotterdam in The Netherlands. The study targets cardiovascular, endocrine, hepatic, neurological, ophthalmic, psychiatric, dermatological, otolaryngological, locomotor, and respiratory diseases. As of 2008, 14,926 subjects aged 45 years or over comprise the Rotterdam Study cohort. The findings of the Rotterdam Study have been presented in over 1200 research articles and reports (see www.erasmus-epidemiology.nl/rotterdamstudy ). This article gives the rationale of the study and its design. It also presents a summary of the major findings and an update of the objectives and methods.
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Nesterova AA, Ermilov VV. Is age-related macular degeneration a manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease? ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057015030108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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