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Liu A, Wang J, Jin T, Jiang Z, Huang S, Li S, Ying Z, Jiang H. Identifying the genetic association between the cerebral cortex and fibromyalgia. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae318. [PMID: 39106177 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a central sensitization syndrome that is strongly associated with the cerebral cortex. This study used bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the bidirectional causality between FM and the cortical surface area and cortical thickness of 34 brain regions. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was used as the primary method for this study, and sensitivity analyses further supported the results. The forward MR analysis revealed that genetically determined thinner cortical thickness in the parstriangularis (OR = 0.0567 mm, PIVW = 0.0463), caudal middle frontal (OR = 0.0346 mm, PIVW = 0.0433), and rostral middle frontal (OR = 0.0285 mm, PIVW = 0.0463) was associated with FM. Additionally, a reduced genetically determined cortical surface area in the pericalcarine (OR = 0.9988 mm2, PIVW = 0.0085) was associated with an increased risk of FM. Conversely, reverse MR indicated that FM was associated with cortical thickness in the caudal middle frontal region (β = -0.0035 mm, PIVW = 0.0265), fusiform region (β = 0.0024 mm, SE = 0.0012, PIVW = 0.0440), the cortical surface area in the supramarginal (β = -9.3938 mm2, PIVW = 0.0132), and postcentral regions (β = -6.3137 mm2, PIVW = 0.0360). Reduced cortical thickness in the caudal middle frontal gyrus is shown to have a significant relationship with FM prevalence in a bidirectional causal analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihui Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Center for General Practice Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Cultivation for Arthritis Diagnosis and Treatment, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 31000, China
- Rheumatology and Immunology Research Institute, Hangzhou Medical College, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Center for General Practice Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Cultivation for Arthritis Diagnosis and Treatment, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 31000, China
- Rheumatology and Immunology Research Institute, Hangzhou Medical College, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, China
| | - Tianyu Jin
- China Rehabilitation Research center, No. 10, Jiaomen North Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100068, China
| | - Zhaoyu Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Center for General Practice Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Cultivation for Arthritis Diagnosis and Treatment, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 31000, China
- Rheumatology and Immunology Research Institute, Hangzhou Medical College, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Center for General Practice Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Cultivation for Arthritis Diagnosis and Treatment, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 31000, China
- Rheumatology and Immunology Research Institute, Hangzhou Medical College, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, China
| | - Shinan Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Center for General Practice Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Cultivation for Arthritis Diagnosis and Treatment, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 31000, China
- Rheumatology and Immunology Research Institute, Hangzhou Medical College, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, China
| | - Zhenhua Ying
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Center for General Practice Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Cultivation for Arthritis Diagnosis and Treatment, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 31000, China
- Rheumatology and Immunology Research Institute, Hangzhou Medical College, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, China
| | - Hongyang Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Cultivation for Arthritis Diagnosis and Treatment, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 31000, China
- Rheumatology and Immunology Research Institute, Hangzhou Medical College, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, China
- Department of Radiology, Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
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Schmidt AF, Finan C, Chopade S, Ellmerich S, Rossor MN, Hingorani AD, Pepys M. Genetic evidence for serum amyloid P component as a drug target in neurodegenerative disorders. Open Biol 2024; 14:230419. [PMID: 39013416 PMCID: PMC11251762 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms responsible for neuronal death causing cognitive loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and many other dementias are not known. Serum amyloid P component (SAP) is a constitutive plasma protein, which is cytotoxic for cerebral neurones and also promotes formation and persistence of cerebral Aβ amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles. Circulating SAP, which is produced exclusively by the liver, is normally almost completely excluded from the brain. Conditions increasing brain exposure to SAP increase dementia risk, consistent with a causative role in neurodegeneration. Furthermore, neocortex content of SAP is strongly and independently associated with dementia at death. Here, seeking genomic evidence for a causal link of SAP with neurodegeneration, we meta-analysed three genome-wide association studies of 44 288 participants, then conducted cis-Mendelian randomization assessment of associations with neurodegenerative diseases. Higher genetically instrumented plasma SAP concentrations were associated with AD (odds ratio 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02; 1.11, p = 1.8 × 10-3), Lewy body dementia (odds ratio 1.37, 95%CI 1.19; 1.59, p = 1.5 × 10-5) and plasma tau concentration (0.06 log2(ng l-1) 95%CI 0.03; 0.08, p = 4.55 × 10-6). These genetic findings are consistent with neuropathogenicity of SAP. Depletion of SAP from the blood and the brain, by the safe, well tolerated, experimental drug miridesap may thus be neuroprotective.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Floriaan Schmidt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, 69-75 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
- UCL British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, 69-75 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, locatie AMC Postbus 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, Zuidoost, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Finan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, 69-75 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
- UCL British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, 69-75 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandesh Chopade
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, 69-75 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
- UCL British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, 69-75 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Stephan Ellmerich
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Medicine, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Martin N. Rossor
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Aroon D. Hingorani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, 69-75 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
- UCL British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, 69-75 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Mark B. Pepys
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Medicine, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
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Xiong K, Zhang Q, Mao H, Congdon N, Liang Y. Assessment of Causality Between Diet-Derived Antioxidants and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2024; 13:20. [PMID: 38411971 PMCID: PMC10910435 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.13.2.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the genetic causal relationships among diet-derived circulating antioxidants, primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and glaucoma-related traits using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods Genetic variants associated with diet-derived circulating antioxidants (retinol, ascorbate, β-carotene, lycopene, α-tocopherol, and γ-tocopherol) were assessed as absolute and metabolic instrumental variables. POAG and glaucoma-related traits data were derived from a large, recently published genome-wide association study database; these traits included intraocular pressure (IOP), macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL) thickness, macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) thickness, and vertical cup-to-disc ratio (vCDR). MR analyses were performed per outcome for each exposure. Results We found no causal association between six diet-derived antioxidants and POAG using the International Glaucoma Genetics Consortium data. For absolute antioxidants, the odds ratios (ORs) ranged from 1.011 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.854-1.199; P = 0.895) per natural log-transformed β-carotene to 1.052 (95% CI, 0.911-1.215; P = 0.490) for 1 µmol/L of ascorbate. For antioxidant metabolites, the OR ranged from 0.998 (95% CI, 0.801-1.244; P = 0.989) for ascorbate to 1.210 (95% CI, 0.870-1.682; P = 0.257) for γ-tocopherol, using log-transformed levels. A similar result was obtained with the FinnGen Biobank. Furthermore, our results showed no significant genetic association between six diet-derived antioxidants and glaucoma-related traits. Conclusions Our study did not support a causal association among six diet-derived circulating antioxidants, POAG, and glaucoma-related traits. This suggests that the intake of antioxidants may not have a preventive effect on POAG and offers no protection to retinal nerve cells. Translational Relevance This study provides valid evidence regarding the use of diet-derived antioxidants for glaucoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xiong
- Department of Glaucoma, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi'ao Zhang
- Department of Glaucoma, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huiyan Mao
- Department of Glaucoma, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nathan Congdon
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Orbis International, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuanbo Liang
- Department of Glaucoma, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Schmidt AF, Finan C, Chopade S, Ellmerich S, Rossor MN, Hingorani AD, Pepys MB. Genetic evidence for serum amyloid P component as a drug target for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.08.15.23293564. [PMID: 37645746 PMCID: PMC10462209 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.15.23293564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The direct causes of neurodegeneration underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) and many other dementias, are not known. Here we identify serum amyloid P component (SAP), a constitutive plasma protein normally excluded from the brain, as a potential drug target. After meta-analysis of three genome-wide association studies, comprising 44,288 participants, cis-Mendelian randomization showed that genes responsible for higher plasma SAP values are significantly associated with AD, Lewy body dementia and plasma tau concentration. These genetic findings are consistent with experimental evidence of SAP neurotoxicity and the strong, independent association of neocortex SAP content with dementia at death. Depletion of SAP from the blood and from the brain, as is provided by the safe, well tolerated, experimental drug, miridesap, may therefore contribute to treatment of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Floriaan Schmidt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Chris Finan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sandesh Chopade
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Ellmerich
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin N Rossor
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Aroon D Hingorani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark B Pepys
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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5
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Du Y, Guo J, Zhou Y, Yan S, Xu B, Wang Y, Lu D, Ma Z, Chen Q, Tang Q, Zhang W, Zhu J, Huang Y, Yang C. Revealing the Mechanisms of Byu dMar 25 in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease through Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and In Vivo Experiment. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:25066-25080. [PMID: 37483184 PMCID: PMC10357573 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, severely reducing the cognitive level and life quality of patients. Byu dMar 25 (BM25) has been proved to have a therapeutic effect on AD. However, the pharmacological mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, this study aims to reveal the potential mechanism of BM25 affecting AD from the perspective of network pharmacology and experimental validation. METHODS The potential active ingredients of BM25 were obtained from the TCMSP database and literature. Possible targets were predicted using SwissTargetPrediction tools. AD-related genes were identified by using GeneCards, OMIM, DisGeNET, and Drugbank databases. The candidate genes were obtained by extraction of the intersection network. Additionally, the "drug-target-disease" network was constructed by Cytoscape 3.7.2 for visualization. The PPI network was constructed by the STRING database, and the core network modules were filtered by Cytoscape 3.7.2. Enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG was carried out in the Metascape platform. Ledock software was used to dock the critical components with the core target. Furthermore, protein levels were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In this study, 112 active components, 1112 disease candidate genes, 3084 GO functions, and 277 KEGG pathways were obtained. Molecular docking showed that the effective components of BM25 in treating AD were β-asarone and hydroxysafflor yellow A. The most important targets were APP, PIK3R1, and PIK3CA. Enrichment analysis indicated that the Golgi genetic regulation, peroxidase activity regulation, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex IA, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor complexes, cancer pathways, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions played vital roles against AD. The rat experiment verified that BM25 affected PI3K-Akt pathway activation in AD. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals the mechanism of BM25 in treating AD with network pharmacology, which provides a foundation for further study on the molecular mechanism of AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikuan Du
- Central
Laboratory, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital
of Southern Medical University, Dongguan 523059, China
| | - Jinyan Guo
- Dongguan
Key Laboratory of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China
- Dongguan
Key Laboratory of stem cell and regenerative tissue engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yuqi Zhou
- Dongguan
Key Laboratory of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China
- Dongguan
Key Laboratory of stem cell and regenerative tissue engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Simin Yan
- Dongguan
Key Laboratory of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China
- Dongguan
Key Laboratory of stem cell and regenerative tissue engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Bijun Xu
- Dongguan
Key Laboratory of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China
- Dongguan
Key Laboratory of stem cell and regenerative tissue engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yuni Wang
- Dongguan
Key Laboratory of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China
- Dongguan
Key Laboratory of stem cell and regenerative tissue engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Duoduo Lu
- Dongguan
Key Laboratory of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China
- Dongguan
Key Laboratory of stem cell and regenerative tissue engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Zhendong Ma
- Dongguan
Key Laboratory of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China
- Dongguan
Key Laboratory of stem cell and regenerative tissue engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Qianwen Chen
- Dongguan
Key Laboratory of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China
- Dongguan
Key Laboratory of stem cell and regenerative tissue engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Qibin Tang
- Dongguan
Key Laboratory of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China
- Dongguan
Key Laboratory of stem cell and regenerative tissue engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Weichui Zhang
- Dongguan
Key Laboratory of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China
- Dongguan
Key Laboratory of stem cell and regenerative tissue engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhu
- Dongguan
Key Laboratory of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China
- Dongguan
Key Laboratory of stem cell and regenerative tissue engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yixing Huang
- Dongguan
Key Laboratory of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China
- Dongguan
Key Laboratory of stem cell and regenerative tissue engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Dongguan
Key Laboratory of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China
- Dongguan
Key Laboratory of stem cell and regenerative tissue engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
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Yu Q, Zheng M, Li M, Jiang R, Zhu H, Guo H, Sun H, Liu M. Competitive fluorescent immunoassay for the ultrasensitive determination of amyloid beta peptide1-42 based on Ag@SiO 2@N, S-GQD nanocomposites. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:194. [PMID: 37103596 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05774-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
A competitive fluorescent immunoassay is described for the ultrasensitive determination of amyloid beta peptide1-42 (Aβ1-42), a biomarker for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. N, S-doped graphene quantum dots (N, S-GQDs) were freely assembled on the surface of Ag@SiO2 nanoparticles to obtain a composite (Ag@SiO2@N, S-GQD nanocomposite), which was successfully prepared and characterized. By theoretical study, the optical properties of nanocomposites are improved compared with GQDs, due to the advantages of combining N, S co-doping and metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) effect of Ag NPs. In addition, Aβ1-42 was modified by Ag@SiO2@N, S-GQDs to prepare a probe with high photoluminescence properties (Ag@SiO2@N, S-GQDs-Aβ1-42). In the presence of Aβ1-42, a competitive reaction towards anti-Aβ1-42 fixed on the ELISA plate was proceeded between Aβ1-42 and Ag@SiO2@N, S-GQDs-Aβ1-42 by specific capture of antigen-antibody. The emission peak of Ag@SiO2@N, S-GQDs-Aβ1-42 (400 nm emission) was used for the quantitative determination of Aβ1-42. Under the optimal conditions, the fluorescent immunoassay exhibited a linear range of 0.32 pg·mL-1-5 ng·mL-1 with a detection limit of 0.098 pg·mL-1. The results show that the immunoassay has good analytical ability and can provide a new method for the clinical determination of Aβ1-42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjie Yu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Wuhan, 430068, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Meie Zheng
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Wuhan, 430068, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Mengjiao Li
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Wuhan, 430068, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Rongrong Jiang
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Wuhan, 430068, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Hongda Zhu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Wuhan, 430068, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Wuhan, 430068, China
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Huiling Guo
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Wuhan, 430068, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Wuhan, 430068, China
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Hongmei Sun
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Wuhan, 430068, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Wuhan, 430068, China
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Mingxing Liu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Wuhan, 430068, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China.
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Wuhan, 430068, China.
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430068, China.
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Duque KR, Vizcarra JA, Hill EJ, Espay AJ. Disease-modifying vs symptomatic treatments: Splitting over lumping. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 193:187-209. [PMID: 36803811 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85555-6.00020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Clinical trials of putative disease-modifying therapies in neurodegeneration have obeyed the century-old principle of convergence, or lumping, whereby any feature of a clinicopathologic disease entity is considered relevant to most of those affected. While this convergent approach has resulted in important successes in trials of symptomatic therapies, largely aimed at correcting common neurotransmitter deficiencies (e.g., cholinergic deficiency in Alzheimer's disease or dopaminergic deficiency in Parkinson's disease), it has been consistently futile in trials of neuroprotective or disease-modifying interventions. As individuals affected by the same neurodegenerative disorder do not share the same biological drivers, splitting such disease into small molecular/biological subtypes, to match people to therapies most likely to benefit them, is vital in the pursuit of disease modification. We here discuss three paths toward the splitting needed for future successes in precision medicine: (1) encourage the development of aging cohorts agnostic to phenotype in order to enact a biology-to-phenotype direction of biomarker development and validate divergence biomarkers (present in some, absent in most); (2) demand bioassay-based recruitment of subjects into disease-modifying trials of putative neuroprotective interventions in order to match the right therapies to the right recipients; and (3) evaluate promising epidemiologic leads of presumed pathogenetic potential using Mendelian randomization studies before designing the corresponding clinical trials. The reconfiguration of disease-modifying efforts for patients with neurodegenerative disorders will require a paradigm shift from lumping to splitting and from proteinopathy to proteinopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Duque
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Joaquin A Vizcarra
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Emily J Hill
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Alberto J Espay
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
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Liu Z, Guan R, Bu F, Pan L. Treatment of Alzheimer's disease by combination of acupuncture and Chinese medicine based on pathophysiological mechanism: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32218. [PMID: 36626477 PMCID: PMC9750551 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neurodegeneration, nerve loss, neurofibrillary tangles, and Aβ plaques. In modern medical science, there has been a serious obstacle to the effective treatment of AD. At present, there is no clinically proven and effective western medicine treatment for AD. The reason is that the etiology of AD is not yet fully understood. In 2018, the international community put forward a purely biological definition of AD, but soon this view of biomarkers was widely questioned, because the so-called AD biomarkers are shared with other neurological diseases, the diagnostic accuracy is low, and they face various challenges in the process of clinical diagnosis and treatment. Nowadays, scholars increasingly regard AD as the result of multimechanism and multicenter interaction. Because there is no exact Western medicine treatment for AD, the times call for the comprehensive treatment of AD in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). AD belongs to the category of "dull disease" in TCM. For thousands of years, TCM has accumulated a lot of relevant treatment experience in the process of diagnosis and treatment. TCM, acupuncture, and the combination of acupuncture and medicine all play an important role in the treatment of AD. Based on the research progress of modern medicine on the pathophysiology of AD, this paper discusses the treatment of this disease with the combination of acupuncture and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ruiqian Guan
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Fan Bu
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Limin Pan
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Jin T, Huang W, Cao F, Yu X, Ying Z, Guo S, Cheng Y, Xu C. Causal association between adiponectin and the risk of Alzheimer's disease: A Mendelian randomization study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1038975. [PMID: 36570466 PMCID: PMC9780387 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1038975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous observational studies have revealed that circulating adiponectin (ADPN) is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. However, the causality remains unknown. We aimed to assess the causality of circulating ADPN on AD risk using Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods Fourteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with ADPN were selected from publicly available genetic abstract data. We applied these SNPs to two recent large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of AD, one from the FinnGen consortium and the other from a large meta-analysis. The inverse variance weighted method, MR-Egger method, the weighted median method, the Cochran Q statistic, the MR-Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier methods, and the leave-one-out analysis were applied for MR analyses. Results In MR analysis, no significant genetic association was found between plasma ADPN levels and AD risk by analyzing the FinnGen consortium GWAS database in the inverse variance weighted method [odds ratio (OR): 0.874, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.701-1.089, p = 0.230], MR-Egger (OR: 0.944, 95% CI: 0.692-1.288, p = 0.721), and weighted median method (OR: 0.900, 95% CI: 0.678-1.194, p = 0.449). Additionally, the same analysis was conducted for the meta-analysis database, and we found no significant association (OR: 1.000, 95% CI: 0.999-1.001, p = 0.683). Conclusion Our findings reveal no significant causal association between circulating ADPN and AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Jin
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China,Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Rheumatism and Immunity Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangzheng Cao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Yu
- Alberta Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Ying
- Rheumatism and Immunity Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shunyuan Guo
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Cheng
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China,Yifan Cheng
| | - Chao Xu
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Chao Xu
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Chen L, Bi M, Zhang Z, Du X, Chen X, Jiao Q, Jiang H. The functions of IRE1α in neurodegenerative diseases: Beyond ER stress. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 82:101774. [PMID: 36332756 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 α (IRE1α) is a type I transmembrane protein that resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). IRE1α, which is the primary sensor of ER stress, has been proven to maintain intracellular protein homeostasis by activating X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). Further studies have revealed novel physiological functions of the IRE1α, such as its roles in mRNA and protein degradation, inflammation, immunity, cell proliferation and cell death. Therefore, the function of IRE1α is not limited to its role in ER stress; IRE1α is also important for regulating other processes related to cellular physiology. Furthermore, IRE1α plays a key role in neurodegenerative diseases that are caused by the phosphorylation of Tau protein, the accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) and the toxic effects of mutant Huntingtin (mHtt). Therefore, targeting IRE1α is a valuable approach for treating neurodegenerative diseases and regulating cell functions. This review discusses the role of IRE1α in different cellular processes, and emphasizes the importance of IRE1α in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mingxia Bi
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xixun Du
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Jiao
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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Pölsterl S, Wachinger C. Identification of causal effects of neuroanatomy on cognitive decline requires modeling unobserved confounders. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 19:1994-2005. [PMID: 36419215 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Carrying out a randomized controlled trial to estimate the causal effects of regional brain atrophy due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is impossible. Instead, we must estimate causal effects from observational data. However, this generally requires knowing and having recorded all confounders, which is often unrealistic. METHODS We provide an approach that leverages the dependencies among multiple neuroanatomical measures to estimate causal effects from observational neuroimaging data without the need to know and record all confounders. RESULTS Our analyses of N = 732 $N=732$ subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative demonstrate that using our approach results in biologically meaningful conclusions, whereas ignoring unobserved confounding yields results that conflict with established knowledge on cognitive decline due to AD. DISCUSSION The findings provide evidence that the impact of unobserved confounding can be substantial. To ensure trustworthy scientific insights, future AD research can account for unobserved confounding via the proposed approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Pölsterl
- The Lab for Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging (AI-Med), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Wachinger
- The Lab for Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging (AI-Med), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Munich, Germany
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Yeung CHC, Au Yeung SL, Schooling CM. Association of autoimmune diseases with Alzheimer's disease: A mendelian randomization study. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 155:550-558. [PMID: 36198219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease may have an autoimmune component, but the association is unclear. OBJECTIVE The objective of this Mendelian randomization (MR) study was to evaluate the association of liability to autoimmune diseases with Alzheimer's disease. METHODS A systematic search was done using PubMed to identify autoimmune diseases that have been suggested as associated with Alzheimer's disease. Genetic predictors of these autoimmune diseases were obtained from the largest and most recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Genetic associations with clinically-diagnosed Alzheimer's disease were obtained from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project GWAS (21982 cases; 41944 controls); and with parental and sibling history of Alzheimer's disease from the UK Biobank GWAS (27696 maternal, 14338 paternal and 2171 sibling cases). MR estimates were obtained using inverse variance weighting, MR-Egger and weighted median. To address possible selection bias due to inevitably recruiting only survivors, the analysis was repeated in younger people, i.e., UK Biobank siblings and adjusting for competing risk of Alzheimer's disease. RESULTS Of the 7 autoimmune diseases considered, liability to psoriasis and sarcoidosis were not associated with Alzheimer's disease. Some evidence was found for liability to multiple sclerosis being associated with higher risk and liability to Sjogren's syndrome with lower risk of Alzheimer's disease. Associations found for liability to giant cell arteritis, type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis were inconsistent in sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION Liability to multiple sclerosis and Sjogren's syndrome could be associated with Alzheimer's disease. The underlying mechanisms, such as the role of myelin and neuroinflammation, should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Ho Ching Yeung
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Shiu Lun Au Yeung
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - C Mary Schooling
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, USA
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Kuller LH, Snitz BE, Hughes TM, Chang Y, Cohen AD, Mathis CA, Aizenstein HJ, Lopez OL. Low untreated systolic blood pressure over 18 years is associated with survival free of dementia age 90. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:2176-2187. [PMID: 35089640 PMCID: PMC9787390 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We hypothesized that lower untreated systolic blood pressure (SBP) would be associated with a lower risk of dementia and death up to age 95. METHODS SBP measured between 2000 and 2006 was evaluated in relationship to dementia risk and brain biomarkers from 2009-2020 (n = 177) in the Gingko Evaluation of Memory Study (GEMS), mean age 95 in 2020. Participants had measurements of brain amyloid beta (Aβ) and repeat clinical-cognitive evaluations every 6 months. RESULTS By 2020, only 9 of 177 patients (5%) were alive and cognitively unimpaired (CU). Mean SBP from 2000 to 2006 was 120 mm Hg for nine alive/CU, 125 mm Hg for alive/mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 130 mm Hg for alive/dementia (P = .03). The amount of Aβ was directly related to SBP levels. In multivariate analysis, Aβ+ in 2009 and thinner cortex were significant predictors of dementia. Excluding Aβ, SBP became a significant predictor of dementia. DISCUSSION Low SBP untreated by antihypertensive medications was associated with significant decreased risk of dementia and less Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis H. Kuller
- Department of EpidemiologyGraduate School of Public HealthUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Beth E. Snitz
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Timothy M. Hughes
- Department of Internal MedicineSection on Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Yuefang Chang
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ann D. Cohen
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Chester A. Mathis
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - Oscar L. Lopez
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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Li L, Yu X, Sheng C, Jiang X, Zhang Q, Han Y, Jiang J. A review of brain imaging biomarker genomics in Alzheimer’s disease: implementation and perspectives. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:42. [PMID: 36109823 PMCID: PMC9476275 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00315-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with phenotypic changes closely associated with both genetic variants and imaging pathology. Brain imaging biomarker genomics has been developed in recent years to reveal potential AD pathological mechanisms and provide early diagnoses. This technique integrates multimodal imaging phenotypes with genetic data in a noninvasive and high-throughput manner. In this review, we summarize the basic analytical framework of brain imaging biomarker genomics and elucidate two main implementation scenarios of this technique in AD studies: (1) exploring novel biomarkers and seeking mutual interpretability and (2) providing a diagnosis and prognosis for AD with combined use of machine learning methods and brain imaging biomarker genomics. Importantly, we highlight the necessity of brain imaging biomarker genomics, discuss the strengths and limitations of current methods, and propose directions for development of this research field.
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Sun L, Guo D, Jia Y, Shi M, Yang P, Wang Y, Liu F, Chen GC, Zhang Y, Zhu Z. Association Between Human Blood Metabolome and the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease. Ann Neurol 2022; 92:756-767. [PMID: 35899678 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common degenerative neurological disorder with limited therapeutic options. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore the potential biomarkers implicated in the occurrence and progression of AD prior to clinical testing. METHODS We selected 119 unique blood metabolites from 3 metabolome genome-wide association studies (GWASs) with 147,827 European participants. Summary data about AD were obtained from a GWAS meta-analysis with 63,926 European individuals from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project. MR analyses were performed to assess the associations of blood metabolites with AD, and a phenome-wide MR analysis was further applied to ascertain the potential on-target side effects of metabolite interventions. RESULTS Four metabolites were identified as causal mediators for AD, including epiandrosterone sulfate (odds ratio [OR] per SD increase: 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51-0.71; P=6.14×10-9 ), 5alpha-androstan-3beta-17beta-diol disulfate (OR per SD increase: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.57-0.84; P=1.98×10-4 ), sphingomyelin (OR per SD increase: 2.53; 95% CI: 1.78-3.59; P=2.10×10-7 ), and glutamine (OR per SD increase: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.77-0.89; P=2.09×10-6 ). Phenome-wide MR analysis showed that epiandrosterone sulfate, 5alpha-androstan-3beta-17beta-diol disulfate and sphingomyelin mediated the risk of multiple diseases, and glutamine had beneficial effects on the risk of 4 diseases. INTERPRETATION Genetically predicted increased epiandrosterone sulfate, 5alpha-androstan-3beta-17beta-diol disulfate and glutamine might be associated with a decreased risk of AD, while sphingomyelin was associated with an increased risk. Side-effect profiles were characterized to help inform drug target prioritization, and glutamine might be a promising target for the prevention and treatment of AD with no predicted detrimental side effects. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Daoxia Guo
- School of Nursing, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yiming Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengyao Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Pinni Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fanghua Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guo-Chong Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhengbao Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Regulation of Th17/Treg Balance by 27-Hydroxycholesterol and 24S-Hydroxycholesterol Correlates with Learning and Memory Ability in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084370. [PMID: 35457188 PMCID: PMC9028251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism and its oxidative products-oxysterols-in the brain is known to be associated with neurodegenerative diseases. It is well-known that 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) and 24S-hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC) are the main oxysterols contributing to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the molecular mechanism of how 27-OHC and 24S-OHC cause cognitive decline remains unclear. To verify whether 27-OHC and 24S-OHC affect learning and memory by regulating immune responses, C57BL/6J mice were subcutaneously injected with saline, 27-OHC, 24S-OHC, 27-OHC+24S-OHC for 21 days. The oxysterols level and expression level of related metabolic enzymes, as well as the immunomodulatory factors were measured. Our results indicated that 27-OHC-treated mice showed worse learning and memory ability and higher immune responses, but lower expression level of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interferon (IFN-λ2) compared with saline-treated mice, while 24S-OHC mice performed better in the Morris water maze test than control mice. No obvious morphological lesion was observed in these 24S-OHC-treated mice. Moreover, the expression level of interleukin-17A (IL-17A), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and macrophage inflammatory protein 3α (MIP-3α) were significantly decreased after 24S-OHC treatment. Notably, compared with 27-OHC group, mice treated with 27-OHC+24S-OHC showed higher brain 24S-OHC level, accompanied by increased CYP46A1 expression level while decreased CYP7B1, retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) and IL-17A expression level. In conclusion, our study indicated that 27-OHC is involved in regulating the expression of RORγt, disturbing Th17/Treg balance-related immune responses which may be associated with the learning and memory impairment in mice. In contrast, 24S-OHC is neuroprotective and attenuates the neurotoxicity of 27-OHC.
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Mendelian Randomization Study of Causal Relationship between Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Risk of Lung Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2786567. [PMID: 35686230 PMCID: PMC9173898 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2786567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective Evidence suggests that omega-3 fatty acid intake exerts a protective effect on lung cancer, but its causal association with risk of lung cancer remains uncertain. This study attempts to clarify the causal effect of omega-3 fatty acids on lung cancer utilizing genome-wide association study (GWAS) data with Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods This study acquired omega-3 fatty acid data from the UK Biobank and data of lung cancer patients from the Consortium and International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with omega-3 fatty acids were screened as instrumental variables (IVs) in line with the criteria of p < 5E - 8, linkage disequilibrium R 2 > 0.001 and distance < 10000 kb. Through inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode, causal association between omega-3 fatty acids and risk of lung cancer was evaluated. Cochran's Q test was applied for a heterogeneity test. The pleiotropy and horizontal pleiotropy among IVs were evaluated via MR-Egger regression intercept analysis. Results Totally, 42 SNPs associated with omega-3 fatty acids were identified as IVs. According to the results of IVW (OR (95% CI): 0.899 (0.817, 0.990), p = 0.03), MR-Egger (OR (95% CI): 0.856 (0.750, 0.977), p = 0.026), weighted median (OR (95% CI): 0.899 (0.817, 0.990), p = 0.001), simple mode (OR (95% CI): 0.901 (-0.678, 1.199), p = 0.478), and weighted mode (OR (95% CI): 0.859 (0.782, 0.944), p = 0.003), omega-3 fatty acids showed a causal association with low risk of lung cancer. No genetic pleiotropy or horizontal pleiotropy was found according to MR-Egger regression intercept analysis. Conclusion Our findings provide sufficient evidence that omega-3 fatty acids are causal protective factors of lung cancer. Despite this, further work is required for elucidating the potential mechanisms.
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Imbimbo BP, Watling M. What have we learned from past failures of investigational drugs for Alzheimer's disease? Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:1175-1182. [PMID: 34890262 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.2017881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the last 15 years, huge efforts against Alzheimer's disease (AD) with drugs targeting β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau have produced poor clinical results. Aducanumab, a recently FDA-approved anti-Aβ monoclonal antibody has been greeted with distrust by most experts, hospitals and insurance companies for its level of efficacy and poor tolerability. AREA COVERED We reviewed literature on Alzheimer trials using PubMed, meeting abstracts and ClnicalTrials.gov and discuss what we can learn from past failures of investigational drugs for Alzheimer's disease, especially anti-Aβ and anti-tau drugs. EXPERT OPINION It is our opinion that previous failures of anti-AD drugs suggest that soluble Aβ and tau are not appropriate drug targets. In addition, pivotal clinical trials of future clinical candidates should avoid major protocol amendments and futility analyses. Study protocols should adopt better measures to protect study blinding and minimize the potential introduction of major biases in the evaluation of clinical results. Finally, alternative biological targets should be pursued as well as more multimodal approaches to addressing neurodegeneration in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno P Imbimbo
- Department of Research & Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy
| | - Mark Watling
- CNS & Pain Department, TranScrip Ltd, Reading, UK
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The Levels of Amyloid β-Protein and P181 in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease Combined with Helicobacter pylori Infection and Their Clinical Significance. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:7135399. [PMID: 34966443 PMCID: PMC8712151 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7135399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the levels of amyloid β-protein and P181 in peripheral blood of patients with Alzheimer's disease combined with Helicobacter pylori infection and their clinical significance. METHOD From January 2019 to June 2020, 59 patients were enrolled in this experiment including the AD group with 27 patients and the normal control group with 32 patients. The patients were divided into two groups: Alzheimer's disease (AD) group (n = 27) and control group (n = 32), collecting the general data of patients, analyzing the diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of serum p-tau181 and Aβ42 and their influence on prognosis, and comparing the serum Aβ42 and p-tau181 concentrations for different HP infection degrees. RESULT Single diagnostic sensitivity of Aβ42, p-tau181, and Aβ42 combined p-tau181 was 0.863, 0.854, and 0.972, respectively, and their specificity was 0.048, 0.206, and 0.305, respectively. Compared with the single diagnosis of serum Aβ42 and p-tau181, the combined diagnosis has higher sensitivity and specificity (P < 0.05); age, years of education, serum Aβ42, and p-tau181 are factors affecting the prognosis of patients with Alzheimer's disease combined with Helicobacter pylori infection; the concentration of Aβ42 in the control group was higher than that in the AD group, there was a statistical difference in the Aβ42 concentration between the two groups (P < 0.05), and there was no statistical difference in the concentration of p-tau181 between the two groups (P > 0.05); the HP positive infection rate of the AD group and the control group was 63.0% and 35.7%, respectively. The HP negative infection rate of the AD group and the control group was 37.0% and 64.3%, respectively. Compared with the control group, the positive rate of HP in the AD group was higher, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); compared with HP-negative patients, HP-positive patients had a higher Aβ42 concentration, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The concentration of p-tau181 in the two groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05); Aβ42 gradually increases with increasing HP infection degree, and there are significant differences in serum Aβ42 levels between different degrees of infection. However, the level of serum p-tau181 does not change significantly with the increase of infection. CONCLUSION There are significant alterations in the expression levels of Aβ42 and p-tau181 in peripheral blood of AD patients, and the levels of Aβ42 are related to HP infection; Aβ42 and p-tau181 are potential biomarkers for AD diagnosis and treatment.
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Kim S, Kim K, Nho K, Myung W, Won HH. Shared Genetic Background Between Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers and Risk for Alzheimer's Disease: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:1197-1207. [PMID: 33646147 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether the epidemiological association of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau pathology in late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is causal remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the shared genetic background between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for Aβ and tau pathology and the risk of LOAD. METHODS We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. We used summary statistics of genome-wide association studies for CSF biomarkers (Aβ1-42 [Aβ], phosphorylated tau181 [p-tau], and total tau [t-tau]) in 3,146 individuals and for LOAD in 21,982 cases and 41,944 controls. We tested the association between changes in the genetically predicted CSF biomarkers and LOAD risk. RESULTS We found a decrease in LOAD risk per one-standard-deviation (SD) increase in the genetically predicted CSF Aβ (odds ratio [OR], 2.87×10-3 for AD; 95%confidence interval [CI], 1.54×10-4-0.05; p = 8.91×10-5). Conversely, we observed an increase in LOAD risk per one-SD increase in the genetically predicted CSF p-tau (OR, 19.46; 95%CI, 1.50-2.52×102; p = 0.02) and t-tau (OR, 33.80; 95%CI, 1.57-7.29×102; p = 0.02). However, only the association between p-tau and the risk for LOAD remained significant after the exclusion of the APOE variant (rs769449). CONCLUSION We found the causal association between CSF biomarkers and the risk for LOAD. Our results suggest that the etiology of LOAD involves multiple biological processes, including the pathways of Aβ and tau proteins. Further MR studies using large-scale data of multiple candidate biomarkers are needed to elucidate the pathophysiology of LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kiwon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Veteran Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Woojae Myung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hong-Hee Won
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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