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Tao F, Tan Y, Dai J, Lu C, Sha Y, Liu Y, Zhou X, Hasi Q, Shen Z, Ma Y. Occurrence of halogenated methanesulfonic acids in water and sediment from the Hangzhou Bay, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115463. [PMID: 36791841 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated methanesulfonic acids (HMSAs) are an important new class of organic compounds as they were universal in the water cycle and drinking water sources. However, no study has investigated the presence of HMSAs in surface water and sediment from China. The present study reports the occurrence and spatiotemporal distribution of seven HMSAs in water and sediment samples from Hangzhou Bay, China. Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMSA) was the main contributor to the concentrations of HMSAs in water and sediment samples from spring, summer, autumn and winter which were 30.8-541 ng/L, n. d.-86.6 ng/L, 4.22-70.9 ng/L and 8.86-192 ng/L, separately, while in sediment samples were n. d.-11.1 ng/g, n. d.-12.9 ng/g, n. d.-22.5 ng/g, n. d.-4.60 ng/g, respectively. The levels of HMSAs in water from winter and spring were higher than those in summer and autumn, and the concentrations of the target HMSAs in water presents a seasonal pattern affected by the temperature, the precipitation and river flow variations. Nevertheless, the levels of HMSAs in sediment were highest in the area near the industrial area and the confluences of rivers. Correlation analysis revealed that the concentrations of TFMSA were significantly positively correlated with total organic carbon (TOC) in water samples. Although TFMSA is regarded as low toxic based on the EC50 value of acute toxicity, the potential risks to aquatic ecology should be paid more attention due to its high concentrations in the aquatic system and the environmental persistency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tao
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China; College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujia Tan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Junwei Dai
- Focused Photonics (Hangzhou), Inc., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, China
| | - Congrui Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Jianke Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yadong Sha
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Xinxing Zhou
- Focused Photonics (Hangzhou), Inc., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, China
| | - Qingele Hasi
- Xinjiang Bole Environmental Monitoring Centre, Bole, Xinjiang, 833400, China
| | - Zhemin Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuning Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China; Focused Photonics (Hangzhou), Inc., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, China.
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Jesus F, Pereira JL, Campos I, Santos M, Ré A, Keizer J, Nogueira A, Gonçalves FJM, Abrantes N, Serpa D. A review on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons distribution in freshwater ecosystems and their toxicity to benthic fauna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153282. [PMID: 35066033 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of organic compounds, found ubiquitously in all environmental compartments. PAHs are considered hazardous pollutants, being of concern to both the environmental and human health. In the aquatic environment, PAHs tend to accumulate in the sediment due to their high hydrophobicity, and thus sediments can be considered their ultimate sink. Concurrently, sediments comprise important habitats for benthic species. This raises concern over the toxic effects of PAHs to benthic communities. Despite PAHs have been the subject of several reviews, their toxicity to freshwater benthic species has not been comprehensively discussed. This review aimed to provide an overview on PAHs distribution in freshwater environments and on their toxicity to benthic fauna species. The distribution of PAHs between sediments and the overlying water column, given by the sediment-water partition coefficient, revealed that PAHs concentrations were 2 to 4 orders of magnitude higher in sediments than in water. The sediment-water partition coefficient was positively correlated to PAHs hydrophobicity. Toxicity of PAHs to benthic fauna was addressed through Species Sensitivity Distributions. The derived hazardous concentration for 5% of the species (HC5) decreased as follows: NAP (376 μg L-1) > PHE > PYR > FLT > ANT (0.854 μg L-1), varying by 3 orders of magnitude. The hazardous concentrations (HC5) to benthic species were inversely correlated to the hydrophobicity of the individual PAHs. These findings are pertinent for environmental risk assessment of these compounds. This review also identified future challenges regarding the environmental toxicity of PAHs to freshwater benthic communities, namely the need for updating the PAHs priority list and the importance of comprehensively and more realistically assess the toxicity of PAHs in combination with other stressors, both chemical and climate-related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Jesus
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Joana L Pereira
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Campos
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Martha Santos
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Ré
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jacob Keizer
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - António Nogueira
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fernando J M Gonçalves
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nelson Abrantes
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Dalila Serpa
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Wang L, Ren X, Wang X, Ye P, Wang F, Cheng J, Chen Y, Yu A, Zhang L, Qiu Y. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the upstream rivers of Taihu Lake Basin, China: spatial distribution, sources and environmental risk. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:23690-23699. [PMID: 34816345 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17598-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollution in Taihu Lake Basin has caused widespread concern. However, the spatial temporal distribution of PAHs in the upstream rivers of Taihu Lake Basin remains largely unknown. Thus, this study aims to investigate the level, spatial distribution, sources, and environment risk caused by PAHs in upstream rivers of Taihu Lake Basin. The concentrations of total 16 PAHs (∑16PAHs) ranged from 188.64 to 1060.39 ng/g, with an average of 472.62 ng/g. High-molecular-weight (HMW) PAHs were the predominant compounds in most sample sites. The results of source analysis demonstrated that the PAH pollution was mainly sourced from mixture of combustion and direct petroleum spillage. The ecological risk assessment showed that moderate ecological risk caused by the PAH contaminants might occur in most sample sites. The incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCRs) ranged from 2.07 ×10-4 - 2.66 × 10-3 for children and 9.66 ×10-5 - 1.24 × 10-3 for adult, indicating moderate cancer risk of PAH-contaminated sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210036, China
- Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co. LTD, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Xiaoming Ren
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210036, China
- Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co. LTD, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Perran Ye
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210036, China
- Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co. LTD, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210036, China
- Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co. LTD, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Jiade Cheng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210036, China
- Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co. LTD, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210036, China
- Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co. LTD, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Ang Yu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210036, China
- Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co. LTD, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210036, China
- Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co. LTD, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210036, China.
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Dai Y, Wang Y, Zuo G, Kong J, Guo Y, Sun C, Xian Q. Photocatalytic degradation mechanism of phenanthrene over visible light driven plasmonic Ag/Ag 3PO 4/g-C 3N 4 heterojunction nanocomposite. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133575. [PMID: 35033521 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Visible light driven plasmonic Ag/Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 heterojunction nanocomposite with regular morphology was prepared via a modified facile method. The two-dimensional ultrathin g-C3N4 nanosheet is uniformly wrapped on the surface of Ag3PO4 nanopolyhedron. A charge transfer bridge was built between Ag3PO4 nanopolyhedron and g-C3N4 nanosheet due to the reduction of Ag nanoparticles. This structure can inhibit the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and promote the transfer of photogenerated carriers, so as to produce more active species for participating in the photocatalytic reaction. In addition, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of appropriate Ag nanoparticles enhanced the absorption and utilization of visible light. Compared with Ag3PO4 and Ag/Ag3PO4, Ag/Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 showed higher photocatalytic activity. Under visible light irradiation, the degradation rate of phenanthrene (PHE) was 0.01756 min-1, which was 3.14 times and 2.38 times that of Ag3PO4 and Ag/Ag3PO4, respectively. After four cycles of photocatalytic reaction, the Ag/Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 photocatalyst still maintained high photocatalytic activity. The active sites of PHE were predicted by Gaussian simulation calculation and combined with intermediate products identification of GC-MS, the possible degradation pathway of PHE was speculated. This research has reference significance for the construction of plasmonic heterojunction photocatalyst in the field of environmental pollution remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yuting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Gancheng Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Jijie Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, Nanjing, 210042, PR China
| | - Cheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Qiming Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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Wu Z, Tao Y. Occurrence and Fluxes of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Third Largest Fresh Water Lake (Lake Taihu) in China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 106:190-197. [PMID: 32303814 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02847-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose great risks to lake ecosystem and human health. Comprehensive knowledge on PAHs in lakes is critical for their risk control. 118 samples were collected from different environmental medium to study the occurrence and fluxes of 16 PAH in Lake Taihu. The average ∑PAH16 in air, water, phytoplankton, zooplankton, suspended particle matter, and surface sediments were 122 ng m-3, 61.3 ng L-1, 6500 ng g-1, 4940 ng g-1, 27,900 ng g-1, and 522 ng g-1, respectively. Sediments were contaminated by PAHs from pyrogenic sources. The average fluxes of air-water, dry deposition, and sinking of the 16 individual PAHs were 2900, 300, and 251 ng m-2 d-1. In the air-water column-surface sediments system, air-water exchange was the main transport pathway. In order to ensure safety of drinking water resources for local residence, the governments are suggested to work together to reduce PAHs emission and implement new energy policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuqiang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
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6
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Huang Y, Sui Q, Lyu S, Wang J, Huang S, Zhao W, Wang B, Xu D, Kong M, Zhang Y, Yu G. Tracking emission sources of PAHs in a region with pollution-intensive industries, Taihu Basin: From potential pollution sources to surface water. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 264:114674. [PMID: 32375090 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The strict environmental management has been implemented in Taihu Basin to reduce the surface water contamination; however, the effectiveness of the management actions has not been comprehensively evaluated. In the present study, 364 samples were collected during four campaigns over a span of one year from surface water, municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWWTPs), industrial wastewater treatment plants (IWWTPs), industrial enterprises, and aquaculture in a typical region in the Upper Taihu Basin. Overall concentration, temporal variation and spatial distribution of 16 PAHs in surface water and various pollution sources were evaluated and the potential pollution sources were identified. Results showed that concentrations of individual PAHs in the surface water ranged from less than the limit of quantification (LOQ) to 949 ng L-1, indicating a reduction of PAH contamination level after the implementation of environmental management actions. Influent of MWWTPs and wastewater from industrial enterprises exhibited relatively high ∑PAHs concentrations (mean: 880 ng L-1 and 642 ng L-1, respectively); these samples also exhibited a similar seasonal variation as well as composition of PAH congeners to those found in surface water, and therefore were designated as the main emission sources of PAHs in the studied region. Additional source apportionment using principal component analysis was also conducted to verify the proposed sources and diagnose other pollution sources. The findings provided a thorough understanding of PAH pollution, especially its major emission sources, in a typical region with pollution-intensive industries after the implementation of strict environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhu Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Sui
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 200092, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shuguang Lyu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoxin Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Dongjiong Xu
- Key Laboratory for Aquatic Biomonitoring Jiangsu Environmental Protection, Changzhou Environmental Monitoring Center of Jiangsu Province, 213001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Kong
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, 210042, Nanjing, China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, 210042, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
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Lei P, Zhang H, Shan B, Zhang B. Distribution, diffusive fluxes, and toxicity of heavy metals and PAHs in pore water profiles from the northern bays of Taihu Lake. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:22072-22083. [PMID: 27541153 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pore water plays a more significant role than do sediments in pollutant cycling dynamics. Also, concentrations of pollutants in pore water provide important information about their bioavailability or eco-toxicity; however, very few studies have focused on this topic. In this study, four duplicate sediment cores from three typical northern bays as well as the central part of Taihu Lake were collected to investigate the distribution, diffusive fluxes, and toxicity of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in pore water profiles, which will be good in understanding the mobility and toxicity of these toxic pollutants and achieving better environmental management. The diffusive fluxes of heavy metals across the sediment-water interface was estimated through Fick's First Law, and the toxicity of heavy metals and PAHs in pore water was assessed by applying a water quality index (interstitial water toxicity criteria unit, IWCTU) and a hazard index (HI), respectively. The average concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in surface pore water were 18.8, 23.4, 12.0, 13.5, and 42.5 μg L-1, respectively. Also, concentrations of the selected heavy metals in both overlying water and pore water from Taihu Lake were all lower than the standard values of the environmental quality standards for surface water. The concentrations as the pore water depth increased, and the highest detected concentrations of heavy metals were recorded between 3 and 5 cm below the sediment surface. The average diffusive fluxes of these metals were 27.3, 24.8, 7.03, 7.81, and -3.32 μg (m2 day)-1, respectively, indicating export from sediment into overlying water, with the exception of Zn. There was a potential risk of toxicity, mainly from Pb and Cu, indicating that heavy metals in pore water had slight to moderate impact on sediment-dwelling organisms by values of the IWCTU and the Nemeraw index. The total PAH concentrations in pore water were higher than those in overlying water, and such gradient implies a potential flux of PAHs from pore water to overlying water. The average HI value of PAHs in surface pore water showed no or low ecological risk. While there may be occasional risk due to the HI values in some sites being greater than 1, the dominant contributors were carcinogenic PAHs. Because of their potential biological impact, heavy metals and PAHs and their comprehensive toxic effects in pore water should be given priority attention to keep the safety of Taihu Lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18th Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18th Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Baoqing Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18th Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China.
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Feng J, Hu P, Li X, Liu S, Sun J. Ecological and Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Surface Water from Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yellow River. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2015.1042552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinglan Feng
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Pengtuan Hu
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Shuhui Liu
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Jianhui Sun
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
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Wang Y, Wang J, Mu J, Wang Z, Cong Y, Yao Z, Lin Z. Aquatic predicted no-effect concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their ecological risks in surface seawater of Liaodong Bay, China. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:1587-1593. [PMID: 26517571 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a class of ubiquitous pollutants in marine environments, exhibit moderate to high adverse effects on aquatic organisms and humans. However, the lack of PAH toxicity data for aquatic organism has limited evaluation of their ecological risks. In the present study, aquatic predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) of 16 priority PAHs were derived based on species sensitivity distribution models, and their probabilistic ecological risks in seawater of Liaodong Bay, Bohai Sea, China, were assessed. A quantitative structure-activity relationship method was adopted to achieve the predicted chronic toxicity data for the PNEC derivation. Good agreement for aquatic PNECs of 8 PAHs based on predicted and experimental chronic toxicity data was observed (R(2) = 0.746), and the calculated PNECs ranged from 0.011 µg/L to 205.3 µg/L. A significant log-linear relationship also existed between the octanol-water partition coefficient and PNECs derived from experimental toxicity data (R(2) = 0.757). A similar order of ecological risks for the 16 PAH species in seawater of Liaodong Bay was found by probabilistic risk quotient and joint probability curve methods. The individual high ecological risk of benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and benz[a]anthracene needs to be determined. The combined ecological risk of PAHs in seawater of Liaodong Bay calculated by the joint probability curve method was 13.9%, indicating a high risk as a result of co-exposure to PAHs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1587-1593. © 2015 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, China
| | - Juying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, China
| | - Jingli Mu
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, China
| | - Yi Cong
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, China
| | - Ziwei Yao
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, China
| | - Zhongsheng Lin
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, China
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Lei P, Zhang H, Shan B. Vertical records of sedimentary PAHs and their freely dissolved fractions in porewater profiles from the northern bays of Taihu Lake, Eastern China. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11180g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sedimentary records of 16 priority PAHs in sediment cores collected from the northern bays of Taihu Lake were analyzed to evaluate the influence of anthropogenic impacts on the sedimentary PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- China
| | - Baoqing Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- China
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Zhao Z, Zhang L, Deng J, Wu J. The potential effects of phytoplankton on the occurrence of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water from Lake Taihu, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2015; 17:1150-1156. [PMID: 25968073 DOI: 10.1039/c5em00025d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their possible interactions with phytoplankton species in water from Lake Taihu were investigated. OCP concentrations ranged from 69.95 to 223.08 ng L(-1) in winter and from 80.95 to 376.03 ng L(-1) in summer, while PAHs ranged from 45.40 to 232.74 ng L(-1) in winter and 49.53 to 197.72 ng L(-1) in summer. Such physicochemical and biological parameters as the larger amounts of pollutants taken up by phytoplankton, the increased atmospheric wet deposition, the discharge of wastewater, and the resuspension of polluted sediments in summer time were responsible for the higher residues of both OCPs and PAHs than in winter. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) between phytoplankton biomass and micropollutants indicated high affinity of OCPs to Bacillariophyta and Cryptophyta and PAHs to Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta, documenting the ecological effects of phytoplankton on the biogeochemical processes of OCPs and PAHs and thus should be further investigated especially in hyper-eutrophic lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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12
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Hu X, Shi W, Yu N, Jiang X, Wang S, Giesy JP, Zhang X, Wei S, Yu H. Bioassay-directed identification of organic toxicants in water and sediment of Tai Lake, China. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 73:231-241. [PMID: 25682050 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The government of China has invested large amounts of money and manpower into revision of water quality standards (WQS). Priority organic pollutants have been screened for WQS establishment using the potential hazard index method, however, some unsuspected chemicals that could cause adverse effects might have been ignored. A large number of chemicals exist in environment and there might be interactions between or among chemicals especially those with the same mode of action. Therefore, a toxicity-directed analysis, based on acute toxicity to Daphnia magna, was conducted for organic extracts of water and sediment from Tai Lake (Ch: Taihu) to determine toxicants responsible for adverse effects. Extracts of five of twelve samples of water and all extracts of sediment were acutely toxic. Based on toxic units, water from location L1 in July and sediments from locations L1 and L4 during several months would be expected to result in some toxicity. Twenty one (21) organophosphorus pesticides, 25 organophosphorus pesticides and 10 pyrethroids were detected in samples, extracts of which caused toxicity to D. magna. Chlorpyrifos and cyfluthrin were identified as predominant pollutants in organic extracts of sediments, accounting for up to 71% and 57% of bioassay-derived toxicity equivalents (BEQs), respectively. Chlorpyrifos was identified as the major contributor to toxicity of organic extracts of surface water, accounting for 71% to 83 % of BEQs. The putative causative agents were confirmed by use of three lines of evidence, including statistical correlation, addition of key pollutants or synergists. Greater attention should be paid to chlorpyrifos and cyfluthrin, neither of which is currently on the list of priority pollutants in China. Bioassay-directed analysis should be added for screening for the presence of priority organic pollutants in environmental media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China; Shandong Academy of Environmental Science, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Nanyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection of Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - John P Giesy
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Zoology, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Biology and Chemistry and State Key Laboratory for Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Zhao L, Mi D, Chen Y, Wang L, Sun Y. Ecological risk assessment and sources of heavy metals in sediment from Daling River basin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:5975-5984. [PMID: 25378031 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3770-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the distribution, source, and ecological risk of heavy metals in Daling River basin, 28 surface sediments collected in this region were analyzed by experimental and theoretical methods. Seven heavy metals, including Pb, Cr, Hg, Cu, As, Cd, and Zn, were detected in all samples. Monte Carlo simulation was used to assess the ecological risks of these heavy metals. It was found that the pollution of Cd was the most serious; the ecological risks in Daling River and Bohai Bay were significantly higher than those in estuary, Bohai Sea, and wetland, but overall, the ecological risks of these heavy metals were low to aquatic organisms in Daling River basin at present. Correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis showed that these heavy metals might originate from the same pollution sources located near Daling River and Bohai Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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14
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Lei B, Kang J, Wang X, Yu Y, Zhang X, Wen Y, Wang Y. The levels of PAHs and aryl hydrocarbon receptor effects in sediments of Taihu Lake, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:6547-6557. [PMID: 24497304 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2542-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A total of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment samples from Taihu Lake were analyzed by instruments, and sediment extracts were assayed for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (EROD) induction using a rat hepatoma cell line (H4IIE). The cause-effect relationship between the observed EROD activity and chemical concentrations of PAHs was examined. Our results showed that sediment extracts could induce significant AhR effects, and the bioassay-derived 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents of raw extracts (TEQ(bio)s) ranged from 2.7 to 39.8 pg g(-1) dw. Chemical analysis showed that 16 PAHs were all detected in all samples, and their total concentrations (Σ16PAHs) ranged from 179.8 to 1,669.4 ng g(-1) dw. The abundance of sedimentary PAHs in the three regions (Meiliang Bay, Gonghu Bay, and Xukou Bay) showed a decreasing trend from the inflow region to the outflow region. Chemical analysis-derived TEQs (TEQ(cal)s) contributed by PAHs ranged from 1.6 to 20.7 pg g(-1) dw. The mean contribution rates (CRs) of PAHs to TEQ(bio)s were 48.9%. In Meiliang Bay, EROD effects of 60% samples were caused by PAHs whose CRs were more than 60%, while in most sampling sites of Gonghu Bay and Xukou Bay, the CRs of PAHs to TEQ(bio)s were basically below 40%. In addition, preliminary ecological risk assessment found that PAHs in sediments have very low ecological impact based on the chemical data of PAHs, while the sediments might pose an unacceptable risk to aquatic organisms and their predators based on the data of TEQ(bio). These findings showed that EROD effects of sediment extracts from Taihu Lake were also caused by other compounds, such as dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, etc., together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingli Lei
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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Wang Y, Wang J, Mu J, Wang Z, Yao Z, Lin Z. Aquatic predicted no-effect concentration for three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and probabilistic ecological risk assessment in Liaodong Bay of the Bohai Sea, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:148-158. [PMID: 23608972 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1597-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) is often used in ecological risk assessment to determine low-risk concentrations for chemicals. In the present study, native marine species were selected for toxicity testing. The PNECs for three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), specifically phenanthrene (Phe), pyrene (Pyr), and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), were derived from chronic and acute toxicity data with log-normal statistical methods. The achieved PNECs for Phe, Pyr, and BaP were 2.33, 1.09, and 0.011 μg/L, respectively. In Jinzhou Bay and the Shuangtaizi River Estuary of Liaodong Bay in the Bohai Sea, China, the surface water concentrations of the three PAHs were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Based on two probabilistic ecological risk assessment (PERA) methods, namely probabilistic risk quotient and joint probability curve, the potential risk of Phe, Pyr, and BaP in Jinzhou Bay and Shuangtaizi River Estuary was assessed. The same order of ecological risk (BaP > Phe > Pyr) was found by both models. Our study considered regional characteristics of marine biota during the calculation of PNECs, and the PERA methods provided probabilities of potential ecological risks of chemicals. Within the study area, further research on BaP is required due to its high potential ecological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (SOA), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, 42 Linghe Street, Dalian, 116023, China
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Wang Z, Wang Y, Ma X, Na G, Lin Z, Yao Z. Probabilistic Ecological Risk Assessment of Typical PAHs in Coastal Water of Bohai Sea. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2013.781040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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