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French-McCay DP, Robinson HJ, Adams JE, Frediani MA, Murphy MJ, Morse C, Gloekler M, Parkerton TF. Parsing the toxicity paradox: Composition and duration of exposure alter predicted oil spill effects by orders of magnitude. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 202:116285. [PMID: 38555802 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Oil spilled into an aquatic environment produces oil droplet and dissolved component concentrations and compositions that are highly variable in space and time. Toxic effects on aquatic biota vary with sensitivity of the organism, concentration, composition, environmental conditions, and frequency and duration of exposure to the mixture of oil-derived dissolved compounds. For a range of spill (surface, subsea, blowout) and oil types under different environmental conditions, modeling of oil transport, fate, and organism behavior was used to quantify expected exposures over time for planktonic, motile, and stationary organisms. Different toxicity models were applied to these exposure time histories to characterize the influential roles of composition, concentration, and duration of exposure on aquatic toxicity. Misrepresenting these roles and exposures can affect results by orders of magnitude. Well-characterized laboratory studies for <24-hour exposures are needed to improve toxicity predictions of the typically short-term exposures that characterize spills.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julie E Adams
- School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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2
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Fritt-Rasmussen J, Linnebjerg JF, Nordam T, Rigét FF, Kristensen P, Skancke J, Wegeberg S, Mosbech A, Gustavson K. Effects of chemical dispersants on feathers from Arctic seabirds. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 188:114659. [PMID: 36738727 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemical dispersion is an oil spill response strategy where dispersants are sprayed onto the oil slick to enhance oil dispersion into the water. However, accidental application could expose seabirds to dispersants, thereby negatively affecting their plumage. To understand the possible impacts on seabirds, feathers from common eider (Somateria mollissima) and thick-billed murre (Uria lomvia) were exposed to different dosages of the dispersant Dasic Slickgone NS. For all exposure dosages the feathers increased in weight, and mostly for common eider. Analysing the feather microstructure, e.g., the Amalgamation Index, showed that larger damages were found on thick-billed murre than common eider. A no-sinking limit was established at 0.109 ml/m2. Relating this value to desktop simulations of potential sea-surface dosages in real-life situations, and to published accounts of response operations, showed that the limit is likely to be exceeded. Thus, our results show that chemical dispersants in realistic dosages could impact seabirds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Fritt-Rasmussen
- Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Jannie Fries Linnebjerg
- Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Tor Nordam
- Department of Climate and Environment, SINTEF Ocean, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Physics, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Frank F Rigét
- Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Paneeraq Kristensen
- Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Skancke
- Department of Climate and Environment, SINTEF Ocean, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Susse Wegeberg
- Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anders Mosbech
- Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Kim Gustavson
- Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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3
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Climate Change Impacts on Coastal and Offshore Petroleum Infrastructure and the Associated Oil Spill Risk: A Review. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10070849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has been observed worldwide in recent decades, posing challenges to the coastal and offshore oil and gas infrastructure. It is crucial to identify how climate change affects these infrastructures and the associated oil spill risk. This paper provides an analysis of the vulnerability of coastal and offshore oil and gas infrastructure in response to climate change. The paper examines oil spill incidents worldwide and addresses climate change’s possible influences on oil spill risk. Moreover, available oil spill modeling and decision support tools for oil spill response are reviewed considering climate change. The paper signals the need for emerging decision and modeling tools considering climate change effects, which can help decision-makers to evaluate the risk on time and provide early warnings to adapt or prevent the unforeseen impacts on the oil industry partially resulting from global warming, including oil spill accidents.
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4
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Aeppli C, Mitchell DA, Keyes P, Beirne EC, McFarlin KM, Roman-Hubers AT, Rusyn I, Prince RC, Zhao L, Parkerton TF, Nedwed T. Oil Irradiation Experiments Document Changes in Oil Properties, Molecular Composition, and Dispersant Effectiveness Associated with Oil Photo-Oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:7789-7799. [PMID: 35605020 PMCID: PMC9552565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
While chemical dispersants are a powerful tool for treating spilled oil, their effectiveness can be limited by oil weathering processes such as evaporation and emulsification. It has been suggested that oil photo-oxidation could exacerbate these challenges. To address the role of oil photo-oxidation in dispersant effectiveness, outdoor mesocosm experiments with crude oil on seawater were performed. Changes in bulk oil properties and molecular composition were quantified to characterize oil photo-oxidation over 11 days. To test relative dispersant effectiveness, oil residues were evaluated using the Baffled Flask Test. The results show that oil irradiation led to oxygen incorporation, formation of oxygenated hydrocarbons, and higher oil viscosities. Oil irradiation was associated with decreased dispersant efficacy, with effectiveness falling from 80 to <50% in the Baffled Flask Test after more than 3 days of irradiation. Increasing photo-oxidation-induced viscosity seems to drive the decreasing dispersant effectiveness. Comparing the Baffled Flask Test results with field data from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill showed that laboratory dispersant tests underestimate the dispersion of photo-oxidized oil in the field. Overall, the results suggest that prompt dispersant application (within 2-4 days), as recommended by current oil spill response guidelines, is necessary for effective dispersion of spilled oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Aeppli
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, Maine 04544, United States
| | | | - Phoebe Keyes
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, Maine 04544, United States
| | - Erin C Beirne
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, Maine 04544, United States
| | - Kelly M McFarlin
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences Inc., Clinton, New Jersey 08809, United States
| | - Alina T Roman-Hubers
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Roger C Prince
- Stonybrook Apiary, Pittstown, New Jersey 08867, United States
| | - Lin Zhao
- ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company, Spring, Texas 77389, United States
| | | | - Tim Nedwed
- ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company, Spring, Texas 77389, United States
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5
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Fallon JA, Goodchild C, DuRant SE, Cecere T, Sponenberg DP, Hopkins WA. Hematological and histological changes from ingestion of Deepwater Horizon crude oil in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:118026. [PMID: 34479165 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to crude oil during spill events causes a variety of pathologic effects in birds, including oxidative injury to erythrocytes, which is characterized in some species by the formation of Heinz bodies and subsequent anemia. However, not all species appear to develop Heinz bodies or anemia when exposed to oil, and there are limited controlled experiments that use both light and electron microscopy to evaluate structural changes within erythrocytes following oil exposure. In this study, we orally dosed zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) with 3.3 or 10 mL/kg of artificially weathered Deepwater Horizon crude oil or 10 mL/kg of peanut oil (vehicle control) daily for 15 days. We found that birds receiving the highest dosage experienced a significant increase in reticulocyte percentage, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and liver mass, as well as inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and lymphocyte proliferation in the spleen. However, we found no evidence of Heinz body formation based on both light and transmission electron microscopy. Although there was a tendency for packed cell volume and hemoglobin to decrease in birds from the high dose group compared to control and low dose groups, the changes were not statistically significant. Our results indicate that additional experimental dosing studies are needed to understand factors (e.g., dose- and species-specific sensitivity) and confounding variables (e.g., dispersants) that contribute to the presence and severity of anemia resulting from oil exposure in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse A Fallon
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | | | - Sarah E DuRant
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Thomas Cecere
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - D Phillip Sponenberg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - William A Hopkins
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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6
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Softcheck KA. Marine Algal Sensitivity to Source and Weathered Oils. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:2742-2754. [PMID: 34423860 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
After the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010, toxicity tests were conducted using 4 microalgae (Dunaliella tertiolecta, Skeletonema costatum, Isochrysis galbana, and Thalassiosira pseudonana) and one macroalga (Ectocarpus siliculosus) to study potential impacts on phytoplankton and other primary producers in the Gulf of Mexico and characterize species sensitivity. Tests were performed with Corexit 9500 and fresh source oil and weathered oil samples collected from the field during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Because crude oils are mixtures of poorly water-soluble hydrocarbons, dosing was performed using water-accommodated fractions (WAFs) and chemically enhanced (CE) WAFs with the addition of dispersant at a 1:20 dispersant:oil ratio using standard toxicity testing protocols. Exposure media were analyzed for volatile organic compounds, parent and alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and saturated hydrocarbon compounds. Toxicity was reported as no-observable effect concentration and median effect concentration (EC50) values for average specific growth rate based on nominal percent dilution of stock solution WAFs and sum of dissolved oil toxic units for WAF/CEWAF tests. The macroalga and green alga D. tertiolecta were largely unaffected by any WAF or CEWAFs tested. Isochrysis galbana was found to be the most sensitive species overall with significant growth rate inhibitions for dispersant and all the WAFs/CEWAFs tested. Physically dispersed source oils were generally more toxic than weathered oils. The protectiveness of the chronic toxic units was effective at identifying observed algal growth rate inhibitions across algal species and oil types despite the impact of dispersants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2742-2754. © 2021 SETAC.
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7
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Gissi F, Strzelecki J, Binet MT, Golding LA, Adams MS, Elsdon TS, Robertson T, Hook SE. A Comparison of Short-Term and Continuous Exposures in Toxicity Tests of Produced Waters, Condensate, and Crude Oil to Marine Invertebrates and Fish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:2587-2600. [PMID: 34033678 PMCID: PMC8457077 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum hydrocarbons can be discharged into the marine environment during offshore oil and gas production or as a result of oil spills, with potential impacts on marine organisms. Ecotoxicological assay durations (typically 24-96 h) used to characterize risks to exposed organisms may not always reflect realistic environmental exposure durations in a high-energy offshore environment where hydrocarbons are mixed and diluted rapidly in the water column. To investigate this, we adapted 3 sensitive toxicity tests to incorporate a short-term pulse exposure to 3 petroleum-based products: a produced water, the water-accommodated fraction (WAF) of a condensate, and a crude oil WAF. We measured 48-h mobility of the copepod Acartia sinjiensis, 72-h larval development of the sea urchin Heliocidaris tuberculata, and 48-h embryo survival and deformities of yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi, after exposure to a dilution series of each of the 3 products for 2, 4 to 12, and 24 h and for the standard duration of each toxicity test (continuous exposure). Effects on copepod survival and sea urchin larval development were significantly reduced in short-term exposures to produced water and WAFs compared to continuous exposures. Fish embryos, however, showed an increased frequency of deformities at elevated concentrations regardless of exposure duration, although there was a trend toward increased severity of deformities with continuous exposure. The results demonstrate how exposure duration alters toxic response and how incorporating relevant exposure duration to contaminants into toxicity testing may aid interpretation of more realistic effects (and hence an additional line of evidence in risk assessment) in the receiving environment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2587-2600. © 2021 CSIRO. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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8
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Lin F, Baillon L, Langlois VS, Kennedy CJ. Environmental modulators of diluted bitumen effects in juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 169:105392. [PMID: 34174542 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent and potential expansions in the transportation of diluted bitumen (dilbit) through marine terminals in coastal regions of British Columbia require the examination of potential risks to estuarine species such as Pacific salmon. The estuarine habitat of out-migrated pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) exhibits dynamic temperature and salinity regimes, possibly modifying dilbit exposure, bioavailability and/or its effects. To examine dilbit toxicity and its modification by environmental stressors, juvenile pinks were subchronically exposed for 3 months to the water-accommodated fraction (WAF) of Cold Lake Blend dilbit (winter) in seawater at three salinities (7, 14, and 28‰ [temperature 12.5 °C]) and three temperatures (8.5, 12.5, and 16.5 °C [salinity of 28‰]). Temperature and salinity alone did not affect any measured endpoints in control fish. Dilbit exposure induced higher mortality at high (16.5 °C) and low temperatures (8.5 °C) as well as at higher salinity (28‰) in fish exposed to the highest dilution of WAF [total polycyclic aromatic compounds (TPAC) = 128.9 μg/L]. A concentration-dependent reduction of growth was evident in fish exposed to the medium (TPAC = 97.3 μg/L) and high dilution of WAF at higher temperatures (12.5 and 16.5 °C) and high salinity (28‰). At 28‰, swimming performance (Uburst) was decreased in fish exposed to the highest concentration of dilbit at all 3 temperatures. Gill Na+-K+-ATPase activity, white muscle lactate, glycogen, and triglyceride concentrations were altered by dilbit exposure and modified by temperature and salinity. In addition, gene expression associated with phase I biotransformation, energy metabolism, mitochondrial activity, and inflammation showed significant upregulation with exposure and temperature stress. Dilbit exposure at PAC concentrations in the ppb range, affected pink salmon at the molecular, biochemical, and whole organism level; effects that were exacerbated by environmental temperature and salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lucie Baillon
- Royal Military College of Canada, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valerie S Langlois
- Royal Military College of Canada, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Institut National de la recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Christopher J Kennedy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
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9
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Thomas GE, Brant JL, Campo P, Clark DR, Coulon F, Gregson BH, McGenity TJ, McKew BA. Effects of Dispersants and Biosurfactants on Crude-Oil Biodegradation and Bacterial Community Succession. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061200. [PMID: 34206054 PMCID: PMC8229435 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of three commercial dispersants (Finasol OSR 52, Slickgone NS, Superdispersant 25) and three biosurfactants (rhamnolipid, trehalolipid, sophorolipid) in crude-oil seawater microcosms. We analysed the crucial early bacterial response (1 and 3 days). In contrast, most analyses miss this key period and instead focus on later time points after oil and dispersant addition. By focusing on the early stage, we show that dispersants and biosurfactants, which reduce the interfacial surface tension of oil and water, significantly increase the abundance of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, and the rate of hydrocarbon biodegradation, within 24 h. A succession of obligate hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria (OHCB), driven by metabolite niche partitioning, is demonstrated. Importantly, this succession has revealed how the OHCB Oleispira, hitherto considered to be a psychrophile, can dominate in the early stages of oil-spill response (1 and 3 days), outcompeting all other OHCB, at the relatively high temperature of 16 °C. Additionally, we demonstrate how some dispersants or biosurfactants can select for specific bacterial genera, especially the biosurfactant rhamnolipid, which appears to provide an advantageous compatibility with Pseudomonas, a genus in which some species synthesize rhamnolipid in the presence of hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth E. Thomas
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK; (D.R.C.); (B.H.G.); (T.J.M.); (B.A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1206-873333 (ext. 2918)
| | - Jan L. Brant
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK;
| | - Pablo Campo
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK; (P.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Dave R. Clark
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK; (D.R.C.); (B.H.G.); (T.J.M.); (B.A.M.)
- Institute for Analytics and Data Science, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Frederic Coulon
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK; (P.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Benjamin H. Gregson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK; (D.R.C.); (B.H.G.); (T.J.M.); (B.A.M.)
| | - Terry J. McGenity
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK; (D.R.C.); (B.H.G.); (T.J.M.); (B.A.M.)
| | - Boyd A. McKew
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK; (D.R.C.); (B.H.G.); (T.J.M.); (B.A.M.)
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10
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Holley NP, Lee JG, Valsaraj KT, Bharti B. Synthesis and characterization of ZEin-based Low Density Porous Absorbent (ZELDA) for oil spill recovery. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Hook SE. Beyond Thresholds: A Holistic Approach to Impact Assessment Is Needed to Enable Accurate Predictions of Environmental Risk from Oil Spills. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2020; 16:813-830. [PMID: 32729983 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The risk assessment for the environmental impact of oil spills in Australia is often conducted in part using a combination of spill mapping and toxicological thresholds derived from laboratory studies. While this process is useful in planning operational responses, such as where to position equipment stockpiles and whether to disperse oil, and can be used to identify areas near the spill site where impacts are likely to occur, it cannot accurately predict the environmental consequences of an oil spill or the ecosystem recovery times. Evidence of this disconnect between model predictions and observed impacts is the lack of a profound effect of the Deepwater Horizon wellhead blowout on recruitment to fisheries in the northern Gulf of Mexico, contrary to the predictions made in the Natural Resources Damage Assessment and despite the occurrence of impacts of the spill on marine mammals, marshes, and deep water ecosystems. The incongruity between predictions made with the current approach using threshold monitoring and impacts measured in the field results from some of the assumptions included in the oil spill models. The incorrect assumptions include that toxicity is acute, results from dissolved phase exposure, and would be readily reversible. The toxicity tests from which threshold models are derived use members of the ecosystem that are easily studied in the lab but may not represent the ecosystem as a whole. The test species are typically highly abundant plankton or planktonic life stages, and they have life histories that account for rapid changes in environmental conditions. As a consequence, these organisms recover quickly from an oil spill. The interdependence of ecosystem components, including the reliance of organisms on their microbiomes, is often overlooked. Additional research to assess these data gaps conducted using economically and ecologically relevant species, especially in Australia and other understudied areas of the world, and the use of population dynamic models, will improve the accuracy of environmental risk assessment for oil spills. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:813-830. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Hook
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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12
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Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate on Abelmoschus manihot fibres and their application in oil absorbency. Polym Bull (Berl) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03308-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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13
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Wijewardane NK, Ge Y, Sihota N, Hoelen T, Miao T, Weindorf DC. Predicting total petroleum hydrocarbons in field soils with Vis-NIR models developed on laboratory-constructed samples. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2020; 49:847-857. [PMID: 33016494 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Accurate quantification of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) is required for optimizing remedial efforts at oil spill sites. While evaluating total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in soils is often conducted using costly and time-consuming laboratory methods, visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (Vis-NIR) has been proven to be a rapid and cost-effective field-based method for soil TPH quantification. This study investigated whether Vis-NIR models calibrated from laboratory-constructed PHC soil samples could be used to accurately estimate TPH concentration of field samples. To evaluate this, a laboratory sample set was constructed by mixing crude oil with uncontaminated soil samples, and two field sample sets (F1 and F2) were collected from three PHC-impacted sites. The Vis-NIR TPH models were calibrated with four different techniques (partial least squares regression, random forest, artificial neural network, and support vector regression), and two model improvement methods (spiking and spiking with extra weight) were compared. Results showed that laboratory-based Vis-NIR models could predict TPH in field sample set F1 with moderate accuracy (R2 > .53) but failed to predict TPH in field sample set F2 (R2 < .13). Both spiking and spiking with extra weight improved the prediction of TPH in both field sample sets (R2 ranged from .63 to .88, respectively); the improvement was most pronounced for F2. This study suggests that Vis-NIR models developed from laboratory-constructed PHC soil samples, spiked by a small number of field sample analyses, can be used to estimate TPH concentrations more efficiently and cost effectively compared with generating site-specific calibrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuwan K Wijewardane
- Dep. of Biological Systems Engineering, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, 158 Chase Hall, East Campus, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Yufeng Ge
- Dep. of Biological Systems Engineering, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Chase Hall, East Campus, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Natasha Sihota
- Chevron Energy Technology Company, San Ramon, CA, 94583, USA
| | - Thomas Hoelen
- Chevron Energy Technology Company, San Ramon, CA, 94583, USA
| | - Toni Miao
- Chevron Energy Technology Company, Richmond, CA, 94801, USA
| | - David C Weindorf
- Dep. of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
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14
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Keitel-Gröner F, Arnberg M, Bechmann RK, Lyng E, Baussant T. Dispersant application increases adverse long-term effects of oil on shrimp larvae (Pandalus borealis) after a six hour exposure. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 151:110892. [PMID: 32056658 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The application of chemical dispersants is one option of oil spill response (OSR). Here, Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) larvae were experimentally exposed for short periods (6 h and 1 h) to a realistic concentration of chemically dispersed oil (CDO) (~10 mg L-1 THC), mechanically dispersed oil (MDO) (~7 mg L-1 THC), and dispersant only (D). A control (C) with seawater served as reference. Short-term effects on survival and feeding were examined right after exposure and longer-term consequences on survival, feeding, growth and development following 30 days of recovery. Both exposure durations provoked long lasting effects on larval fitness, with 1 h exposure leading to minor effects on most of the selected endpoints. The 6 h exposure affected all endpoints with more adverse impacts after exposure to CDO. This study provides important data for assessing the best OSR option relevant to NEBA (Net Environmental Benefit Analysis).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maj Arnberg
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Mekjarvik 12, 4072 Randaberg, Norway
| | - Renée K Bechmann
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Mekjarvik 12, 4072 Randaberg, Norway
| | - Emily Lyng
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Mekjarvik 12, 4072 Randaberg, Norway
| | - Thierry Baussant
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Mekjarvik 12, 4072 Randaberg, Norway
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15
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Berenshtein I, Paris CB, Perlin N, Alloy MM, Joye SB, Murawski S. Invisible oil beyond the Deepwater Horizon satellite footprint. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaw8863. [PMID: 32095516 PMCID: PMC7015680 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw8863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Major oil spills are catastrophic events that immensely affect the environment and society, yet determining their spatial extent is a highly complex task. During the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) blowout, ~149,000 km2 of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) was covered by oil slicks and vast areas of the Gulf were closed for fishing. Yet, the satellite footprint does not necessarily capture the entire oil spill extent. Here, we use in situ observations and oil spill transport modeling to examine the full extent of the DWH spill, focusing on toxic-to-biota (i.e., marine organisms) oil concentration ranges. We demonstrate that large areas of the GoM were exposed to invisible and toxic oil that extended beyond the boundaries of the satellite footprint and the fishery closures. With a global increase in petroleum production-related activities, a careful assessment of oil spills' full extent is necessary to maximize environmental and public safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igal Berenshtein
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA
- Corresponding author. (I.B.); (C.B.P.)
| | - Claire B. Paris
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA
- Corresponding author. (I.B.); (C.B.P.)
| | - Natalie Perlin
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Matthew M. Alloy
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Samantha B. Joye
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Steve Murawski
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
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16
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Sun X, Chu L, Mercando E, Romero I, Hollander D, Kostka JE. Dispersant Enhances Hydrocarbon Degradation and Alters the Structure of Metabolically Active Microbial Communities in Shallow Seawater From the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2387. [PMID: 31749769 PMCID: PMC6842959 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Dispersant application is a primary emergency oil spill response strategy and yet the efficacy and unintended consequences of this approach in marine ecosystems remain controversial. To address these uncertainties, ex situ incubations were conducted to quantify the impact of dispersant on petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) biodegradation rates and microbial community structure at as close as realistically possible to approximated in situ conditions [2 ppm v/v oil with or without dispersant, at a dispersant to oil ratio (DOR) of 1:15] in surface seawater. Biodegradation rates were not substantially affected by dispersant application at low mixing conditions, while under completely dispersed conditions, biodegradation was substantially enhanced, decreasing the overall half-life of total PHC compounds from 15.4 to 8.8 days. While microbial respiration and growth were not substantially altered by dispersant treatment, RNA analysis revealed that dispersant application resulted in pronounced changes to the composition of metabolically active microbial communities, and the abundance of nitrogen-fixing prokaryotes, as determined by qPCR of nitrogenase (nifH) genes, showed a large increase. While the Gammaproteobacteria were enriched in all treatments, the Betaproteobacteria and different families of Alphaproteobacteria predominated in the oil and dispersant treatment, respectively. Results show that mixing conditions regulate the efficacy of dispersant application in an oil slick, and the quantitative increase in the nitrogen-fixing microbial community indicates a selection pressure for nitrogen fixation in response to a readily biodegradable, nitrogen-poor substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Sun
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lena Chu
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Elisa Mercando
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Isabel Romero
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - David Hollander
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - Joel E Kostka
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.,School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
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17
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Tansel B, Lee M. Removal of crude oil from highly contaminated natural surfaces with corexit dispersants. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 247:363-370. [PMID: 31252235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dispersants are used to reduce the impact of oil spills in marine environment. Experiments were conducted with natural materials which were contaminated by direct application of fresh Louisiana crude oil. The natural materials evaluated included sea sand (South Beach in Miami, Florida), red mangrove leaves (Rhizophora mangle), and sea shells (Donax variabili). Salt water at two different salinities (17 and 34 ppt) was used with two types of Corexit dispersant solutions (9500A and 9527A) in concentrations ranging from 100 to 3500 mg/L. Washing of the contaminated samples was conducted by a three-step mixing procedure (salt water only, then with the addition of the dispersant solution to the salt water, and salt water) to simulate oil-saltwater-dispersant interactions. In general, increasing dispersant concentration increased the percentage of oil dispersed into the aqueous phase up to dispersant solutions containing 400 mg/L for Corexit 9500A and 300 mg/L Corexit 9527A. Increasing the dispersant concentration above these levels also decreased the dispersion of oil from the surfaces. At very high concentrations of dispersant solutions (above 1500 mg/L), the percentage of oil dispersed into the solution from the contaminated surfaces was about one half what was observed at 400 mg/L with Corexit 9500A and 300 mg/L Corexit 9527A. Although dispersants were most effective for removing the fresh Louisiana crude oil from sand particles and dispersing into the solution due to large surface area of the particles per unit weight; the residual oil remaining on the sand particles was relatively high in comparison to mangrove leaves and sea shells due to clustering of sand particle with oil. There was some oil penetration into the porous structure of the sea shells (at the microscopic level) which could not be removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrin Tansel
- Florida International University, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Mengshan Lee
- Tunghai University, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taichung City, Taiwan
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18
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Armstrong T, Khursigara AJ, Killen SS, Fearnley H, Parsons KJ, Esbaugh AJ. Oil exposure alters social group cohesion in fish. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13520. [PMID: 31534177 PMCID: PMC6751191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49994-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Many animal taxa live in groups to increase foraging and reproductive success and aid in predator avoidance. For fish, a large proportion of species spend all or part of their lives in groups, with group coordination playing an important role in the emergent benefits of group-living. Group cohesion can be altered by an array of factors, including exposure to toxic environmental contaminants. Oil spills are one of the most serious forms of pollution in aquatic systems, and while a range of effects of acute oil exposure on animal physiology have been demonstrated, sub-lethal effects on animal behavior are relatively under-studied. Here we used an open-field behavioral assay to explore influence of acute oil exposure on social behavior in a gregarious fish native to the Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus). We used two oil concentrations (0.7% and 2% oil dilution, or 6.0 ± 0.9 and 32.9 ± 5.9 μg l-1 ΣPAH50 respectively) and assays were performed when all members of a group were exposed, when only one member was exposed, and when no individuals were exposed. Shoal cohesion, as assessed via mean neighbor distance, showed significant impairment following acute exposure to 2% oil. Fish in oil-exposed groups also showed reduced voluntary movement speed. Importantly, overall group cohesion was disrupted when even one fish within a shoal was exposed to 2% oil, and the behavior of unexposed in mixed groups, in terms of movement speed and proximity to the arena wall, was affected by the presence of these exposed fish. These results demonstrate that oil exposure can have adverse effects on fish behavior that may lead to reduced ecological success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Armstrong
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Alexis J Khursigara
- University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, Texas, 78373, USA.
| | - Shaun S Killen
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Hannah Fearnley
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Kevin J Parsons
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Andrew J Esbaugh
- University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, Texas, 78373, USA
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19
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Heuer RM, Galli GLJ, Shiels HA, Fieber LA, Cox GK, Mager EM, Stieglitz JD, Benetti DD, Grosell M, Crossley Ii DA. Impacts of Deepwater Horizon Crude Oil on Mahi-Mahi ( Coryphaena hippurus) Heart Cell Function. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:9895-9904. [PMID: 31343865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Deepwater Horizon crude oil is comprised of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that cause a number of cardiotoxic effects in marine fishes across all levels of biological organization and at different life stages. Although cardiotoxic impacts have been widely reported, the mechanisms underlying these impairments in adult fish remain understudied. In this study, we examined the impacts of crude oil on cardiomyocyte contractility and electrophysiological parameters in freshly isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes from adult mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus). Cardiomyocytes directly exposed to oil exhibited reduced contractility over a range of environmentally relevant concentrations (2.8-12.9 μg l-1∑PAH). This reduction in contractility was most pronounced at higher stimulation frequencies, corresponding to the upper limits of previously measured in situ mahi heart rates. To better understand the mechanisms underlying impaired contractile function, electrophysiological studies were performed, which revealed oil exposure prolonged cardiomyocyte action potentials and disrupted potassium cycling (9.9-30.4 μg l-1∑PAH). This study is the first to measure cellular contractility in oil-exposed cardiomyocytes from a pelagic fish. Results from this study contribute to previously observed impairments to heart function and whole-animal exercise performance in mahi, underscoring the advantages of using an integrative approach in examining mechanisms of oil-induced cardiotoxicity in marine fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M Heuer
- Department of Biological Sciences , University of North Texas , 1511 W. Sycamore Street , Denton Texas 76203 , United States
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology , University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science , 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway , Miami , Florida 33149 , United States
| | - Gina L J Galli
- University of Manchester, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health Sciences , The University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility , Grafton Street , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
| | - Holly A Shiels
- University of Manchester, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health Sciences , The University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility , Grafton Street , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
| | - Lynne A Fieber
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology , University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science , 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway , Miami , Florida 33149 , United States
| | - Georgina K Cox
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology , University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science , 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway , Miami , Florida 33149 , United States
- Department of Integrative Biology , University of Guelph , 50 Stone Road East , Guelph , Ontario Canada , N1G 2W1
| | - Edward M Mager
- Department of Biological Sciences , University of North Texas , 1511 W. Sycamore Street , Denton Texas 76203 , United States
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology , University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science , 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway , Miami , Florida 33149 , United States
| | - John D Stieglitz
- Department of Marine Ecosystems and Society , University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science , 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway , Miami , Florida 33149 , United States
| | - Daniel D Benetti
- Department of Marine Ecosystems and Society , University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science , 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway , Miami , Florida 33149 , United States
| | - Martin Grosell
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology , University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science , 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway , Miami , Florida 33149 , United States
| | - Dane A Crossley Ii
- Department of Biological Sciences , University of North Texas , 1511 W. Sycamore Street , Denton Texas 76203 , United States
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20
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McGruer V, Pasparakis C, Grosell M, Stieglitz JD, Benetti DD, Greer JB, Schlenk D. Deepwater Horizon crude oil exposure alters cholesterol biosynthesis with implications for developmental cardiotoxicity in larval mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 220:31-35. [PMID: 30851416 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During the spring and summer of 2010, the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil well released over three million barrels of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico. As the oil dispersed it contaminated ecosystems that support numerous Gulf species including mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus). The timing of the spill, and location of the surface slick, coincided with the spawning of many species in the region, raising concerns over embryonic and larval exposure. Numerous abnormalities due to crude oil exposure have been documented in fish early life stages, including cardiotoxicity; however, knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that cause these phenotypes is still limited. Several transcriptomic studies have presented cholesterol biosynthesis as one of the top enriched pathways following PAH exposure. In this study we exposed mahi-mahi embryos to DWH oil collected from the surface slick. At exposures ranging from ∑PAH 1.69 μg/L to ∑PAH 5.99 μg/L, the resulting larvae demonstrated significant increases in farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 (fdft1) and an upward trend in 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase (hmgcr) expression, genes that encode key enzymes in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. In addition to the increased expression of genes in cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, a significant decrease in total cholesterol was observed in larval homogenates, at ∑PAH 8.3 μg/L. These data confirm earlier transcriptomic studies and show that oil may diminish cholesterol and adversely impact numerous cellular functions due to altered membrane stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria McGruer
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Christina Pasparakis
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA.
| | - Martin Grosell
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA.
| | - John D Stieglitz
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA.
| | - Daniel D Benetti
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA.
| | - Justin B Greer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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21
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Johansen JL, Esbaugh AJ. Oil-induced responses of cardiac and red muscle mitochondria in red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 219:35-41. [PMID: 30738211 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute exposure to crude oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) can severely impair cardiorespiratory function and swim performance of larval, juvenile and adult fish. Interestingly, recent work has documented an oil induced decoupling of swim performance (Ucrit) and maximum metabolic rate (MMR) whereby oil causes a decline in Ucrit without a parallel reduction in MMR. We hypothesize that this uncoupling is due to impaired mitochondrial function in swimming muscles that results in increased proton leak, and thus less ATP generated per unit oxygen. Using high resolution mitochondrial respirometry, we assessed 11 metrics of mitochondrial performance in red and cardiac muscle from permeabilized fibers isolated from red drum following control or 24 h crude oil (high energy water accommodated fractions) exposure. Two experimental series were performed, a Deepwater Horizon relevant low dose (29.6 ± 7.4 μg L-1 ∑PAH50) and a proof-of-concept high dose (64.5 ± 8.9 μg L-1 ∑PAH50). No effects were observed on any mitochondrial parameter in either tissue at the low oil dose; however, high dose exposure provided evidence of impairment in the OXPHOS respiratory control ratio and OXPHOS spare capacity in red muscle following oil exposure, as well as a shift from Complex I to Complex II during OXPHOS respiration. No effects of the high dose oil treatment were observed in cardiac muscle. As such, mitochondrial dysfunction is unlikely to be the underlying mechanism for decoupling of Ucrit and MMR following acute oil exposure in red drum. Furthermore, mitochondrial dysfunction does not appear to be a relevant toxicological impairment in juvenile red drum with respect to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, although impairments may be observed under higher dose exposure scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Johansen
- University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA.
| | - A J Esbaugh
- University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
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22
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Tremblay J, Fortin N, Elias M, Wasserscheid J, King TL, Lee K, Greer CW. Metagenomic and metatranscriptomic responses of natural oil degrading bacteria in the presence of dispersants. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:2307-2319. [PMID: 30927379 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Oil biodegradation has been extensively studied in the wake of the deepwater horizon spill, but the application of dispersant to oil spills in marine environments remains controversial. Here, we report metagenomic (MG) and metatranscriptomic (MT) data mining from microcosm experiments investigating the oil degrading potential of Canadian west and east coasts to estimate the gene abundance and activity of oil degrading bacteria in the presence of dispersant. We found that the addition of dispersant to crude oil mainly favours the abundance of Thalassolituus in the summer and Oleispira in the winter, two key natural oil degrading bacteria. We found a high abundance of genes related not only to n-alkane and aromatics degradation but also associated with transporters, two-component systems, bacterial motility, secretion systems and bacterial chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Tremblay
- Energy, Mining and Environment, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Quebec, H4P2R2, Canada
| | - Nathalie Fortin
- Energy, Mining and Environment, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Quebec, H4P2R2, Canada
| | - Miria Elias
- Energy, Mining and Environment, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Quebec, H4P2R2, Canada
| | - Jessica Wasserscheid
- Energy, Mining and Environment, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Quebec, H4P2R2, Canada
| | - Thomas L King
- Centre for Offshore Oil, Gas and Energy Research (COOGER), Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, B2Y4A2, Canada
| | - Kenneth Lee
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, PO Box 1006, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, B2Y4A2, Canada
| | - Charles W Greer
- Energy, Mining and Environment, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Quebec, H4P2R2, Canada
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23
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Bejarano AC. Critical review and analysis of aquatic toxicity data on oil spill dispersants. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:2989-3001. [PMID: 30125977 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Oil spill response requires consideration of several countermeasures including chemical dispersants, but their potential toxicity to aquatic species poses a concern. Considerable in vivo aquatic toxicity data from laboratory exposures have been generated since 2010 for current-use dispersants. The objective of the present review is to provide a synthesis of these data to improve dispersant hazard assessments. Data from multiple studies were evaluated based on reliability criteria. Although procedures, standards, endpoints, and statistical approaches were usually described, nearly a quarter of sources did not provide sufficient information to judge study quality but were considered on a case-by-case basis. Data were used to develop dispersant-specific species sensitivity distributions and hazard concentrations protective of 95% of the species (HC5). Given data limitations, post-2010 toxicity data were augmented with pre-2010 data and model predictions. The HC5s calculated for 54 dispersants fell mostly within the moderate to slightly toxic range and were compared to field dispersant-only concentrations estimated from operational application rates under conservative assumptions. Based on available evidence, dispersants may not pose a significant risk under field conditions to most aquatic species, if proper application and dilution are taken into account. Recommendations on improved toxicity testing and reporting as well as research needs are also provided. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2989-3001. © 2018 SETAC.
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24
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McFarlin KM, Perkins MJ, Field JA, Leigh MB. Biodegradation of Crude Oil and Corexit 9500 in Arctic Seawater. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1788. [PMID: 30147678 PMCID: PMC6096335 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The need to understand the biodegradation of oil and chemical dispersants in Arctic marine environments is increasing alongside growth in oil exploration and transport in the region. We chemically quantified biodegradation and abiotic losses of crude oil and Corexit 9500, when present separately, in incubations of Arctic seawater and identified microorganisms potentially involved in biodegradation of these substrates based on shifts in bacterial community structure (16S rRNA genes) and abundance of biodegradation genes (GeoChip 5.0 microarray). Incubations were performed over 28-day time courses using surface seawater collected from near-shore and offshore locations in the Chukchi Sea. Within 28 days, the indigenous microbial community biodegraded 36% (k = 0.010 day-1) and 41% (k = 0.014 day-1) of oil and biodegraded 77% and 33% (k = 0.015 day-1) of the Corexit 9500 component dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DOSS) in respective near-shore and offshore incubations. Non-ionic surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80, and Tween 85) present in Corexit 9500 were non-detectable by 28 days due to a combination of abiotic losses and biodegradation. Microorganisms utilized oil and Corexit 9500 as growth substrates during the incubation, with the Corexit 9500 stimulating more extensive growth than oil within 28 days. Taxa known to include oil-degrading bacteria (e.g., Oleispira, Polaribacter, and Colwellia) and some oil biodegradation genes (e.g., alkB, nagG, and pchCF) increased in relative abundance in response to both oil and Corexit 9500. These results increase our understanding of oil and dispersant biodegradation in the Arctic and suggest that some bacteria may be capable of biodegrading both oil and Corexit 9500.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M McFarlin
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | - Matt J Perkins
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Jennifer A Field
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Mary B Leigh
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
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25
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Lewis A, Prince RC. Integrating Dispersants in Oil Spill Response in Arctic and Other Icy Environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:6098-6112. [PMID: 29709187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Future oil exploration and marine navigation may well extend into the Arctic Ocean, and government agencies and responders need to plan for accidental oil spills. We argue that dispersants should play an important role in these plans, since they have substantial logistical benefits, work effectively under Arctic conditions, and stimulate the rapid biodegradation of spilled oil. They also minimize the risk of surface slicks to birds and mammals, the stranding of oil on fragile shorelines and minimize the need for large work crews to be exposed to Arctic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger C Prince
- Stonybrook Apiary, Pittstown , New Jersey 08867 , United States
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26
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Pan YK, Khursigara AJ, Johansen JL, Esbaugh AJ. The effects of oil induced respiratory impairment on two indices of hypoxia tolerance in Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus). CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 200:143-150. [PMID: 29477763 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Gulf of Mexico was home to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, and is also known to exhibit seasonal declines in oxygen availability. Oil exposure in fish is known to impact oxygen uptake through cardiac impairment, which raises questions about the additive effects of these two stressors. Here we explore this question on the Atlantic croaker using two measures of hypoxia tolerance: critical oxygen threshold (Pcrit), and time to loss of equilibrium (LOE). We first demonstrated that 24 h exposure to 10.1 and 23.2 μg l-1 ΣPAH50 significantly impaired oxygen uptake. There was no effect of exposure on Pcrit or LOE. Exposure did result in significantly different repeatability between pre- and post-exposure Pcrit, suggesting that hypoxia tolerant individual may see greater impacts following exposure. These results suggest oil exposure does not have wide scale detrimental outcomes for hypoxia tolerance in fish, yet there may be fine scale impairments of ecological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang K Pan
- University of Texas Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Dr., Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
| | - Alexis J Khursigara
- University of Texas Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Dr., Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
| | - Jacob L Johansen
- University of Texas Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Dr., Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
| | - Andrew J Esbaugh
- University of Texas Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Dr., Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA.
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AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF CHEMICALLY DISPERSED OIL ON FEATHER STRUCTURE AND WATERPROOFING IN COMMON MURRES (URIA AALGE). J Wildl Dis 2018; 54:315-328. [DOI: 10.7589/2017-01-016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Payne JR, Driskell WB. Macondo oil in northern Gulf of Mexico waters - Part 1: Assessments and forensic methods for Deepwater Horizon offshore water samples. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 129:399-411. [PMID: 29680565 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Forensic chemistry assessments documented the presence of Macondo (MC252) oil from the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) spill in offshore water samples collected under Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) protocols. In ocean depths, oiled water was sampled, observed, photographed, and tracked in dissolved oxygen (DO) and fluorometry profiles. Chemical analyses, sensor records, and observations confirmed the shifting, rising oil plume above the wellhead while smaller, less buoyant droplets were entrapped in a layer at ~1000-1400 m and advected up to 412 km southwest. Near-surface oil samples showed substantial dissolution weathering from oil droplets rising through the water column, as well as enhanced evaporative losses of lighter n-alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons. Dispersant effects from surface applications and injected at the wellhead were seen in oil profiles as enhanced weathering patterns (increased dissolution), thus implying dispersants were a functionally effective mediation treatment. Forensic assessment methods are detailed in the Supplemental information (SI).
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Payne
- Payne Environmental Consultants, Inc., 1651 Linda Sue Lane, Encinitas, CA 92024, United States.
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Pasparakis C, Sweet LE, Stieglitz JD, Benetti D, Casente CT, Roberts AP, Grosell M. Combined effects of oil exposure, temperature and ultraviolet radiation on buoyancy and oxygen consumption of embryonic mahi-mahi, Coryphaena hippurus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 191:113-121. [PMID: 28818643 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill occurred in the summer of 2010 and coincided with the spawning window of the ecologically and economically important pelagic fish mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus). During summer months, early life stage mahi-mahi were likely also exposed to other naturally occurring stressors such as increased temperature and ultraviolet radiation (UV). Previous research has shown that co-exposure to oil and additional natural stressors can affect the timing and duration of negative buoyancy in mahi-mahi embryos. The current study aimed to elucidate the factors affecting the onset of negative buoyancy and to also explore possible mechanisms behind buoyancy change. Embryos co-exposed to oil and/or increased temperature and UV radiation displayed early onset of negative buoyancy with concurrent increases in oxygen consumption and sinking rates, which are normally only seen during the period directly preceding hatch. Results also suggest a behavioral response in which embryos avoid UV radiation by sinking down the water column but reestablish positive buoyancy once the UV radiation is removed. These findings imply that embryos can dynamically change their position in the water column in response to external cues and thus may have much greater control over buoyancy than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Pasparakis
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Lauren E Sweet
- Department of Biological Sciences and Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - John D Stieglitz
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Daniel Benetti
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Conrad T Casente
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Aaron P Roberts
- Department of Biological Sciences and Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Martin Grosell
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, FL, USA
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30
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Chemical dispersants enhance the activity of oil- and gas condensate-degrading marine bacteria. ISME JOURNAL 2017; 11:2793-2808. [PMID: 28800137 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2017.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Application of chemical dispersants to oil spills in the marine environment is a common practice to disperse oil into the water column and stimulate oil biodegradation by increasing its bioavailability to indigenous bacteria capable of naturally metabolizing hydrocarbons. In the context of a spill event, the biodegradation of crude oil and gas condensate off eastern Canada is an essential component of a response strategy. In laboratory experiments, we simulated conditions similar to an oil spill with and without the addition of chemical dispersant under both winter and summer conditions and evaluated the natural attenuation potential for hydrocarbons in near-surface sea water from the vicinity of crude oil and natural gas production facilities off eastern Canada. Chemical analyses were performed to determine hydrocarbon degradation rates, and metagenome binning combined with metatranscriptomics was used to reconstruct abundant bacterial genomes and estimate their oil degradation gene abundance and activity. Our results show important and rapid structural shifts in microbial populations in all three different oil production sites examined following exposure to oil, oil with dispersant and dispersant alone. We found that the addition of dispersant to crude oil enhanced oil degradation rates and favored the abundance and expression of oil-degrading genes from a Thalassolituus sp. (that is, metagenome bin) that harbors multiple alkane hydroxylase (alkB) gene copies. We propose that this member of the Oceanospirillales group would be an important oil degrader when oil spills are treated with dispersant.
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31
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Mager EM, Pasparakis C, Schlenker LS, Yao Z, Bodinier C, Stieglitz JD, Hoenig R, Morris JM, Benetti DD, Grosell M. Assessment of early life stage mahi-mahi windows of sensitivity during acute exposures to Deepwater Horizon crude oil. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:1887-1895. [PMID: 28128479 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Windows of exposure to a weathered Deepwater Horizon oil sample (slick A) were examined for early life stage mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) to determine whether there are developmental periods of enhanced sensitivity during the course of a standard 96-h bioassay. Survival was assessed at 96 h following oil exposures ranging from 2 h to 96 h and targeting 3 general periods of development, namely the prehatch phase, the period surrounding hatch, and the posthatch phase. In addition, 3 different oil preparations were used: high- and low-energy water accommodated fractions of oil and very thin surface slicks of oil (∼1 μm). The latter 2 were used to distinguish between effects due to direct contact with the slick itself and the water underlying the slick. Considering the data from all 3 exposure regimes, it was determined that the period near or including hatch was likely the most sensitive. Furthermore, toxicity was not enhanced by direct contact with slick oil. These findings are environmentally relevant given that the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons eliciting mortality from exposures during the sensitive periods of development were below or near concentrations measured during the active spill phase. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1887-1895. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward M Mager
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Christina Pasparakis
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Lela S Schlenker
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Zongli Yao
- Engineering Research Center for Saline-alkaline Fisheries, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | | | - John D Stieglitz
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ronald Hoenig
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Daniel D Benetti
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Martin Grosell
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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32
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Khursigara AJ, Perrichon P, Martinez Bautista N, Burggren WW, Esbaugh AJ. Cardiac function and survival are affected by crude oil in larval red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 579:797-804. [PMID: 27865530 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Following exposure to weathered and non-weathered oil, lethal and sub-lethal impacts on red drum larvae were assessed using survival, morphological, and cardiotoxicity assays. The LC50 for red drum ranged from 14.6 (10.3-20.9) to 21.3 (19.1-23.8) μgl-1 ΣPAH with no effect of exposure timing during the pre-hatch window or oil weathering. Similarly, morphological deformities showed dose responses in the low ppb range. Cardiac output showed similar sensitivity resulting in a major 70% reduction after exposure to 2.6μgl-1 ΣPAH. This cardiac failure was driven by reduced stroke volume rather than bradycardia, meaning that in some species, cardiac function is more sensitive than previously thought. After the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, much of this type of work has primarily focused on pelagic species with little known about fast developing estuarine species. These results demonstrate similarity sensitivity of the red drum as their pelagic counter parts, and more importantly, that cardiac function is dramatically reduced in concert with pericardial edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis J Khursigara
- University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA.
| | - Prescilla Perrichon
- University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences, 1155 Union Cir, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Naim Martinez Bautista
- University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences, 1155 Union Cir, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Warren W Burggren
- University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences, 1155 Union Cir, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Andrew J Esbaugh
- University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
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33
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Pasparakis C, Mager EM, Stieglitz JD, Benetti D, Grosell M. Effects of Deepwater Horizon crude oil exposure, temperature and developmental stage on oxygen consumption of embryonic and larval mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 181:113-123. [PMID: 27829195 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The timing and location of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) incident within the Gulf of Mexico resulted in crude oil exposure of many commercially and ecologically important fish species, such as mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus), during the sensitive early life stages. Previous research has shown that oil exposure during the embryonic stage of predatory pelagic fish reduces cardiac function - a particularly important trait for fast-swimming predators with high aerobic demands. However, it is unclear whether reductions in cardiac function translate to impacts on oxygen consumption in these developing embryos and larvae. A 24-channel optical-fluorescence oxygen-sensing system for high-throughput respiration measurements was used to investigate the effects of oil exposure, temperature and developmental stage on oxygen consumption rates in embryonic and larval mahi-mahi. Oil-exposed developing mahi-mahi displayed increased oxygen consumption, despite clear cardiac deformities and bradycardia, confirming oxygen uptake and delivery from a source other than the circulatory system. In addition to metabolic rate measurements, nitrogenous waste excretion was measured to test the hypothesis that increased energy demand was fueled by protein catabolism. This is the first study to our knowledge that demonstrates increased energy demand and energy depletion in oil-exposed developing mahi-mahi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Pasparakis
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, United States.
| | - Edward M Mager
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, United States
| | - John D Stieglitz
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, United States
| | - Daniel Benetti
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, United States
| | - Martin Grosell
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, United States
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34
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Beyer J, Trannum HC, Bakke T, Hodson PV, Collier TK. Environmental effects of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: A review. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 110:28-51. [PMID: 27301686 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill constituted an ecosystem-level injury in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Much oil spread at 1100-1300m depth, contaminating and affecting deepwater habitats. Factors such as oil-biodegradation, ocean currents and response measures (dispersants, burning) reduced coastal oiling. Still, >2100km of shoreline and many coastal habitats were affected. Research demonstrates that oiling caused a wide range of biological effects, although worst-case impact scenarios did not materialize. Biomarkers in individual organisms were more informative about oiling stress than population and community indices. Salt marshes and seabird populations were hard hit, but were also quite resilient to oiling effects. Monitoring demonstrated little contamination of seafood. Certain impacts are still understudied, such as effects on seagrass communities. Concerns of long-term impacts remain for large fish species, deep-sea corals, sea turtles and cetaceans. These species and their habitats should continue to receive attention (monitoring and research) for years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonny Beyer
- NIVA - Norwegian Institute for Water Research, NO-0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde C Trannum
- NIVA - Norwegian Institute for Water Research, NO-0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torgeir Bakke
- NIVA - Norwegian Institute for Water Research, NO-0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter V Hodson
- School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Tracy K Collier
- Delta Independent Science Board, 980 Ninth Street, Suite 1500, Sacramento, CA 95814, USA
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35
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36
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Esbaugh AJ, Mager EM, Stieglitz JD, Hoenig R, Brown TL, French BL, Linbo TL, Lay C, Forth H, Scholz NL, Incardona JP, Morris JM, Benetti DD, Grosell M. The effects of weathering and chemical dispersion on Deepwater Horizon crude oil toxicity to mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) early life stages. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 543:644-651. [PMID: 26613518 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the impact of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) incident on commercially and ecologically important pelagic fish species, a mahi-mahi spawning program was developed to assess the effect of embryonic exposure to DWH crude oil with particular emphasis on the effects of weathering and dispersant on the magnitude of toxicity. Acute lethality (96 h LC50) ranged from 45.8 (28.4-63.1) μg l(-1) ΣPAH for wellhead (source) oil to 8.8 (7.4-10.3) μg l(-1) ΣPAH for samples collected from the surface slick, reinforcing previous work that weathered oil is more toxic on a ΣPAH basis. Differences in toxicity appear related to the amount of dissolved 3 ringed PAHs. The dispersant Corexit 9500 did not influence acute lethality of oil preparations. Embryonic oil exposure resulted in cardiotoxicity after 48 h, as evident from pericardial edema and reduced atrial contractility. Whereas pericardial edema appeared to correlate well with acute lethality at 96 h, atrial contractility did not. However, sub-lethal cardiotoxicity may impact long-term performance and survival. Dispersant did not affect the occurrence of pericardial edema; however, there was an apparent reduction in atrial contractility at 48 h of exposure. Pericardial edema at 48 h and lethality at 96 h were equally sensitive endpoints in mahi-mahi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Esbaugh
- Department of Marine Science, University of Texas, Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Dr., Port Aransas, TX 78373, United States.
| | - Edward M Mager
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149, United States
| | - John D Stieglitz
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149, United States
| | - Ronald Hoenig
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149, United States
| | - Tanya L Brown
- Environmental and Fisheries Science Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, United States
| | - Barbara L French
- Environmental and Fisheries Science Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, United States
| | - Tiffany L Linbo
- Environmental and Fisheries Science Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, United States
| | - Claire Lay
- Stratus Consulting/Abt Associates, 1881 Ninth Street, Suite 201, Boulder, CO 80302, United States
| | - Heather Forth
- Stratus Consulting/Abt Associates, 1881 Ninth Street, Suite 201, Boulder, CO 80302, United States
| | - Nathaniel L Scholz
- Environmental and Fisheries Science Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, United States
| | - John P Incardona
- Environmental and Fisheries Science Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Morris
- Stratus Consulting/Abt Associates, 1881 Ninth Street, Suite 201, Boulder, CO 80302, United States
| | - Daniel D Benetti
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149, United States
| | - Martin Grosell
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149, United States
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Boehm PD, Murray KJ, Cook LL. Distribution and Attenuation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Gulf of Mexico Seawater from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Accident. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:584-592. [PMID: 26721562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The extended duration of the oil release from the Deepwater Horizon accident (April 20-July 15, 2010) triggered a need to characterize environmental exposures in four dimensions through sampling and tracking the changes in distributions, concentrations, and compositions of oil and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (TPAH) in the Gulf of Mexico over time and space. More than 11,000 water samples were collected offshore during more than 100 cruises and were measured for 50 parent and alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Elevated concentrations (greater than 1 ppb) of TPAH were largely limited to an area within about 20 km of the wellhead in the subsurface deepwaters at 1000-1200 m depth to the southwest of the wellhead and in the top 3 m underlying the surface oil. Concentrations decreased with distance and time, and changes in the PAH composition indicate that these changes were due to differential solubilization, photodegradation, evaporation, and/or biodegradation of individual PAH compounds. These limited areas of elevated PAH concentrations disappeared within weeks after the release was stopped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Boehm
- Exponent, Inc. , 1 Clock Tower Place, Suite 150, Maynard, Massachusetts 01754, United States
| | - Karen J Murray
- Exponent, Inc. , 1 Clock Tower Place, Suite 150, Maynard, Massachusetts 01754, United States
| | - Linda L Cook
- Exponent, Inc. , 1 Clock Tower Place, Suite 150, Maynard, Massachusetts 01754, United States
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Abstract
Dispersants provide a reliable large-scale response to catastrophic oil spills that can be used when the preferable option of recapturing the oil cannot be achieved. By allowing even mild wave action to disperse floating oil into tiny droplets (<70 μm) in the water column, seabirds, reptiles, and mammals are protected from lethal oiling at the surface, and microbial biodegradation is dramatically increased. Recent work has clarified how dramatic this increase is likely to be: beached oil has an environmental residence of years, whereas dispersed oil has a half-life of weeks. Oil spill response operations endorse the concept of net environmental benefit, that any environmental costs imposed by a response technique must be outweighed by the likely benefits. This critical review discusses the potential environmental debits and credits from dispersant use and concludes that, in most cases, the potential environmental costs of adding these chemicals to a polluted area are likely outweighed by the much shorter residence time, and hence integrated environmental impact, of the spilled oil in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger C Prince
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc., Annandale, New Jersey 08801 United States
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Bejarano AC, Mearns AJ. Improving environmental assessments by integrating Species Sensitivity Distributions into environmental modeling: examples with two hypothetical oil spills. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 93:172-182. [PMID: 25736814 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A three dimensional (3D) trajectory model was used to simulate oil mass balance and environmental concentrations of two 795,000 L hypothetical oil spills modeled under physical and chemical dispersion scenarios. Species Sensitivity Distributions (SSD) for Total Hydrocarbon Concentrations (THCs) were developed, and Hazard Concentrations (HC) used as levels of concern. Potential consequences to entrained water column organisms were characterized by comparing model outputs with SSDs, and obtaining the proportion of species affected (PSA) and areas with oil concentrations exceeding HC5s (Area ⩾ HC5). Under the physically-dispersed oil scenario ⩽ 77% of the oil remains on the water surface and strands on shorelines, while with the chemically-dispersed oil scenario ⩽ 67% of the oil is entrained in the water column. For every 10% increase in chemical dispersion effectiveness, the average PSA and Area ⩾ HC5 increases (range: 0.01-0.06 and 0.50-2.9 km(2), respectively), while shoreline oiling decreases (⩽ 2919 L/km). Integrating SSDs into modeling may improve understanding of scales of potential impacts to water column organisms, while providing net environmental benefit comparison of oil spill response options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan J Mearns
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
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Zeng X, Chen X, Zhuang J. The positive relationship between ocean acidification and pollution. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 91:14-21. [PMID: 25534629 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification and pollution coexist to exert combined effects on the functions and services of marine ecosystems. Ocean acidification can increase the biotoxicity of heavy metals by altering their speciation and bioavailability. Marine pollutants, such as heavy metals and oils, could decrease the photosynthesis rate and increase the respiration rate of marine organisms as a result of biotoxicity and eutrophication, facilitating ocean acidification to varying degrees. Here we review the complex interactions between ocean acidification and pollution in the context of linkage of multiple stressors to marine ecosystems. The synthesized information shows that pollution-affected respiration acidifies coastal oceans more than the uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide. Coastal regions are more vulnerable to the negative impact of ocean acidification due to large influxes of pollutants from terrestrial ecosystems. Ocean acidification and pollution facilitate each other, and thus coastal environmental protection from pollution has a large potential for mitigating acidification risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xijuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jie Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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41
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Mager EM, Esbaugh AJ, Stieglitz JD, Hoenig R, Bodinier C, Incardona JP, Scholz NL, Benetti DD, Grosell M. Acute embryonic or juvenile exposure to Deepwater Horizon crude oil impairs the swimming performance of mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:7053-61. [PMID: 24857158 DOI: 10.1021/es501628k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The Deepwater Horizon incident likely resulted in exposure of commercially and ecologically important fish species to crude oil during the sensitive early life stages. We show that brief exposure of a water-accommodated fraction of oil from the spill to mahi-mahi as juveniles, or as embryos/larvae that were then raised for ∼25 days to juveniles, reduces their swimming performance. These physiological deficits, likely attributable to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), occurred at environmentally realistic exposure concentrations. Specifically, a 48 h exposure of 1.2 ± 0.6 μg L(-1) ΣPAHs (geometric mean ± SEM) to embryos/larvae that were then raised to juvenile stage or a 24 h exposure of 30 ± 7 μg L(-1) ΣPAHs (geometric mean ± SEM) directly to juveniles resulted in 37% and 22% decreases in critical swimming velocities (Ucrit), respectively. Oil-exposed larvae from the 48 h exposure showed a 4.5-fold increase in the incidence of pericardial and yolk sac edema relative to controls. However, this larval cardiotoxicity did not manifest in a reduced aerobic scope in the surviving juveniles. Instead, respirometric analyses point to a reduction in swimming efficiency as a potential alternative or contributing mechanism for the observed decreases in Ucrit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward M Mager
- Division of Marine Biology and Fisheries, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science , 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida 33149, United States
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Bejarano AC, Barron MG. Development and practical application of petroleum and dispersant interspecies correlation models for aquatic species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:4564-4572. [PMID: 24678991 DOI: 10.1021/es500649v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the acute toxicity of oil has generally relied on existing toxicological data for a relatively few standard test species, which has limited the ability to estimate the impacts of spilled oil on aquatic communities. Interspecies correlation estimation (ICE) models were developed for petroleum and dispersant products to facilitate the prediction of toxicity values to a broader range of species and to better understand taxonomic differences in species sensitivity. ICE models are log linear regressions that can be used to estimate toxicity to a diversity of taxa based on the known toxicity value for a surrogate tested species. ICE models have only previously been developed for nonpetroleum chemicals. Petroleum and dispersant ICE models were statistically significant for 93 and 16 unique surrogate-predicted species pairs, respectively. These models had adjusted coefficient of determinations (adj-R(2)), square errors (MSE) and positive slope ranging from 0.29 to 0.99, 0.0002 to 0.311, and 0.187 to 2.665, respectively. Based on model cross-validation, predicted toxicity values for most ICE models (>90%) were within 5-fold of the measured values, with no influence of taxonomic relatedness on prediction accuracy. A comparison between hazard concentrations (HC) derived from empirical and ICE-based species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) showed that HC values were within the same order of magnitude of each other. These results show that ICE-based SSDs provide a statistically valid approach to estimating toxicity to a range of petroleum and dispersant products with applicability to oil spill assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana C Bejarano
- Research Planning, Inc., 1121 Park Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29201, United States
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Bejarano AC, Clark JR, Coelho GM. Issues and challenges with oil toxicity data and implications for their use in decision making: a quantitative review. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:732-742. [PMID: 24616123 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic toxicity considerations are part of the net environmental benefit analysis and approval decision process on the use of dispersants in the event of an offshore oil spill. Substantial information is available on the acute toxicity of physically and chemically dispersed oil to a diverse subset of aquatic species generated under controlled laboratory conditions. However, most information has been generated following standard laboratory practices, which do not realistically represent oil spill conditions in the field. The goal of the present quantitative review is to evaluate the use of standard toxicity testing data to help inform decisions regarding dispersant use, recognizing some key issues with current practices, specifically, reporting toxicity metrics (nominal vs measured), exposure duration (standard durations vs short-term exposures), and exposure concentrations (constant vs spiked). Analytical chemistry data also were used to demonstrate the role of oil loading on acute toxicity and the influence of dispersants on chemical partitioning. The analyses presented here strongly suggest that decisions should be made, at a minimum, based on measured aqueous exposure concentrations and, ideally, using data from short-term exposure durations under spiked exposure concentrations. Available data sets are used to demonstrate how species sensitivity distribution curves can provide useful insights to the decision-making process on dispersant use. Finally, recommendations are provided, including the adoption of oil spill-appropriate toxicity testing practices.
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Prince RC, Parkerton TF. Comment on "Toxicity and mutagenicity of Gulf of Mexico waters during and after the deepwater horizon oil spill". ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:3591-3592. [PMID: 24588597 DOI: 10.1021/es404846b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger C Prince
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc. Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States
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Gong Y, Zhao X, Cai Z, O'Reilly SE, Hao X, Zhao D. A review of oil, dispersed oil and sediment interactions in the aquatic environment: influence on the fate, transport and remediation of oil spills. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 79:16-33. [PMID: 24388567 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill has spurred significant amounts of researches on fate, transport, and environmental impacts of oil and oil dispersants. This review critically summarizes what is understood to date about the interactions between oil, oil dispersants and sediments, their roles in developing oil spill countermeasures, and how these interactions may change in deepwater environments. Effects of controlling parameters, such as sediment particle size and concentration, organic matter content, oil properties, and salinity on oil-sediment interactions are described in detail. Special attention is placed to the application and effects of oil dispersants on the rate and extent of the interactions between oil and sediment or suspended particulate materials. Various analytical methods are discussed for characterization of oil-sediment interactions. Current knowledge gaps are identified and further research needs are proposed to facilitate sounder assessment of fate and impacts of oil spills in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Gong
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Xiao Zhao
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Zhengqing Cai
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - S E O'Reilly
- Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, GOM Region, Office of Environment, New Orleans, LA 70123-2394, USA
| | - Xiaodi Hao
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Beijing Climate Change Research and Education Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Dongye Zhao
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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