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Aboal JR, Pacín C, García-Seoane R, Varela Z, González AG, Fernández JA. Global decrease in heavy metal concentrations in brown algae in the last 90 years. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130511. [PMID: 36463737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the current scenario of global change, heavy metal pollution is of major concern because of its associated toxic effects and the persistence of these pollutants in the environment. This study is the first to evaluate the changes in heavy metal concentrations worldwide in brown algae over the last 90 years (>15,700 data across the globe reported from 1933 to 2020). The study findings revealed significant decreases in the concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb and Zn of around 60-84% (ca. 2% annual) in brown algae tissues. The decreases were consistent across the different families considered (Dictyotaceae, Fucaceae, Laminariaceae, Sargassaceae and Others), and began between 1970 and 1990. In addition, strong relationships between these trends and pH, SST and heat content were detected. Although the observed metal declines could be partially explained by these strong correlations, or by adaptions in the algae, other evidences suggest an actual reduction in metal concentrations in oceans because of the implementation of environmental policies. In any case, this study shows a reduction in metal concentrations in brown algae over the last 50 years, which is important in itself, as brown algae form the basis of many marine food webs and are therefore potential distributors of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Aboal
- CRETUS. Ecology Section. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - C Pacín
- CRETUS. Ecology Section. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - R García-Seoane
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, IEO-CSIC, Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña, 15001 A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Z Varela
- CRETUS. Ecology Section. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A G González
- Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, IOCAG. Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, ULPGC, Spain
| | - J A Fernández
- CRETUS. Ecology Section. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Bonilla Loaiza AM, Rodríguez-Jasso RM, Belmares R, López-Badillo CM, Araújo RG, Aguilar CN, Chávez ML, Aguilar MA, Ruiz HA. Fungal Proteins from Sargassum spp. Using Solid-State Fermentation as a Green Bioprocess Strategy. Molecules 2022; 27:3887. [PMID: 35745010 PMCID: PMC9230583 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of green technologies and bioprocesses such as solid-state fermentation (SSF) is important for the processing of macroalgae biomass and to reduce the negative effect of Sargassum spp. on marine ecosystems, as well as the production of compounds with high added value such as fungal proteins. In the present study, Sargassum spp. biomass was subjected to hydrothermal pretreatments at different operating temperatures (150, 170, and 190 °C) and pressures (3.75, 6.91, and 11.54 bar) for 50 min, obtaining a glucan-rich substrate (17.99, 23.86, and 25.38 g/100 g d.w., respectively). The results indicate that Sargassum pretreated at a pretreatment temperature of 170 °C was suitable for fungal growth. SSF was performed in packed-bed bioreactors, obtaining the highest protein content at 96 h (6.6%) and the lowest content at 72 h (4.6%). In contrast, it was observed that the production of fungal proteins is related to the concentration of sugars. Furthermore, fermentation results in a reduction in antinutritional elements, such as heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, Hg, and Sn), and there is a decrease in ash content during fermentation kinetics. Finally, this work shows that Aspergillus oryzae can assimilate nutrients found in the pretreated Sargassum spp. to produce fungal proteins as a strategy for the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M. Bonilla Loaiza
- Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo C.P. 25280, Coahuila, Mexico; (A.M.B.L.); (R.B.); (C.M.L.-B.); (R.G.A.); (C.N.A.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Rosa M. Rodríguez-Jasso
- Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo C.P. 25280, Coahuila, Mexico; (A.M.B.L.); (R.B.); (C.M.L.-B.); (R.G.A.); (C.N.A.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Ruth Belmares
- Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo C.P. 25280, Coahuila, Mexico; (A.M.B.L.); (R.B.); (C.M.L.-B.); (R.G.A.); (C.N.A.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Claudia M. López-Badillo
- Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo C.P. 25280, Coahuila, Mexico; (A.M.B.L.); (R.B.); (C.M.L.-B.); (R.G.A.); (C.N.A.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Rafael G. Araújo
- Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo C.P. 25280, Coahuila, Mexico; (A.M.B.L.); (R.B.); (C.M.L.-B.); (R.G.A.); (C.N.A.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Cristóbal N. Aguilar
- Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo C.P. 25280, Coahuila, Mexico; (A.M.B.L.); (R.B.); (C.M.L.-B.); (R.G.A.); (C.N.A.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Mónica L. Chávez
- Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo C.P. 25280, Coahuila, Mexico; (A.M.B.L.); (R.B.); (C.M.L.-B.); (R.G.A.); (C.N.A.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Miguel A. Aguilar
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Saltillo, Av. Industria Metalúrgica 1062, Ramos Arizpe C.P. 25900, Coahuila, Mexico;
| | - Héctor A. Ruiz
- Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo C.P. 25280, Coahuila, Mexico; (A.M.B.L.); (R.B.); (C.M.L.-B.); (R.G.A.); (C.N.A.); (M.L.C.)
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Xin JP, Zhang Y, Tian RN. Tolerance mechanism of Triarrhena sacchariflora (Maxim.) Nakai. seedlings to lead and cadmium: Translocation, subcellular distribution, chemical forms and variations in leaf ultrastructure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 165:611-621. [PMID: 30241089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydroponic experiments were conducted to assess the accumulation, translocation, and chemical forms of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in the roots, stems, and leaves of Triarrhena sacchariflora seedlings and the associated variation in leaf ultrastructure. The leaves and leaf ultrastructure showed no significant symptoms of toxicity with 0.05 mM Pb or 0.01 mM Cd exposure for 10d. Chlorosis and wilting were observed in leaves when the Pb and Cd concentration was higher than 0.1 and 0.05 mM in the medium, respectively, as demonstrated by severe ultrastructural modifications at higher concentration in the leaves, such as plasmolysis, cell wall detachment, chloroplast swelling, nuclear condensation, and even nuclear fragmentation. The Pb and Cd concentrations in the roots was significantly higher than those in the stems and leaves. This indicated low Pb and Cd translocation from the roots to the aboveground parts. Subcellular distribution analysis showed that the majority of Pb and Cd was bound to the cell wall, especially in the roots, indicating that the cell wall likely constitutes a crucial storage site for Pb and Cd. This mechanism decreases the translocation of Pb and Cd across membranes and is more effective than vacuolar compartmentation. The majority of Pb and Cd exited in form of insoluble Pb/Cd-pectate or -oxalate complexes in the plant. In conclusion, higher concentrations of Pb or Cd induced premature senescence. High Pb and Cd enrichment was observed in the roots, which decreased the translocation of Pb and Cd from the roots to the aboveground tissues. The immobilization of Pb or Cd by the cell wall is important for plant detoxification and can protect protoplasts from Pb or Cd toxicity. Pb and Cd mainly existed in insoluble Pb/Cd-phosphate or -oxalate complexes, exhibiting low activity and thereby limiting symplastic transport and suppressing toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Pan Xin
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ru-Nan Tian
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China.
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Lu Y, Yuan J, Lu X, Su C, Zhang Y, Wang C, Cao X, Li Q, Su J, Ittekkot V, Garbutt RA, Bush S, Fletcher S, Wagey T, Kachur A, Sweijd N. Major threats of pollution and climate change to global coastal ecosystems and enhanced management for sustainability. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 239:670-680. [PMID: 29709838 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Coastal zone is of great importance in the provision of various valuable ecosystem services. However, it is also sensitive and vulnerable to environmental changes due to high human populations and interactions between the land and ocean. Major threats of pollution from over enrichment of nutrients, increasing metals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and climate change have led to severe ecological degradation in the coastal zone, while few studies have focused on the combined impacts of pollution and climate change on the coastal ecosystems at the global level. A global overview of nutrients, metals, POPs, and major environmental changes due to climate change and their impacts on coastal ecosystems was carried out in this study. Coasts of the Eastern Atlantic and Western Pacific were hotspots of concentrations of several pollutants, and mostly affected by warming climate. These hotspots shared the same features of large populations, heavy industry and (semi-) closed sea. Estimation of coastal ocean capital, integrated management of land-ocean interaction in the coastal zone, enhancement of integrated global observation system, and coastal ecosystem-based management can play effective roles in promoting sustainable management of coastal marine ecosystems. Enhanced management from the perspective of mitigating pollution and climate change was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jingjing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaotian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yueqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xianghui Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jilan Su
- Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | | | | | - Simon Bush
- Environmental Policy Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6706 KN, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen Fletcher
- UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, UK; Centre for Marine Conservation Policy Research, Plymouth University, Plymouth Devon, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Tonny Wagey
- Centre for Coastal and Marine Resources Study, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, 16680, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Anatolii Kachur
- Pacific Institute of Geography, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia
| | - Neville Sweijd
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
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Xue S, Wang J, Wu C, Li S, Hartley W, Wu H, Zhu F, Cui M. Physiological response of Polygonum perfoliatum L. following exposure to elevated manganese concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:132-140. [PMID: 28035610 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8312-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polygonum perfoliatum L. is a Mn-tolerant plant as considered having the potential to revegetate in manganese mine wasteland. The glasshouse experiments were carried out to evaluate its tolerance and physiological response in different Mn concentrations (5, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, and 10,000 μmol L-1). Absorption bands of P. perfoliatum differed greatly in lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. With elevated levels of Mn (5-2000 μmol L-1), absorbance changed little, which demonstrated that lower Mn concentrations had negligible influence on transport functions. As Mn concentrations in excess of 2000 μmol L-1, absorbance increased slightly but eventually decreased. Furthermore, a hydroponic culture was carried out in order to study its changes of ultrastructure with the increasing Mn concentrations (5, 1000, and 10,000 μmol L-1). Lower Mn levels with 5 and 1000 μmol L-1 had no breakage function to the ultrastructure of P. perfoliatum. However, as Mn concentration was up to 10,000 μmol L-1, visible damages began to appear, the quantity of mitochondria in root cells increased, and the granum lamellae of leaf cell chloroplasts presented a disordered state. In comparison with the controls, black agglomerations were found in the cells of P. perfoliatum under the controlling concentration of Mn with 1000 and 10,000 μmol L-1 for 30 days, which became obvious at higher Mn concentrations. As Mn concentration was 10,000 μmol L-1, a kind of new acicular substance was developed in leaf cells and intercellular spaces, possibly indicating a resistance mechanism in P. perfoliatum. These results confirm that P. perfoliatum shows potential for the revegetation of abandoned manganese tailings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengguo Xue
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Wu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Li
- Institute of Ecology and Rural Environment Planning, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - William Hartley
- Crop and Environment Sciences Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, UK
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqian Cui
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
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Simioni C, Schmidt ÉC, Rover T, dos Santos R, Filipin EP, Pereira DT, Costa GB, Oliveira ER, Chow F, Ramlov F, Ouriques L, Maraschin M, Bouzon ZL. Effects of cadmium metal on young gametophytes of Gelidium floridanum: metabolic and morphological changes. PROTOPLASMA 2015; 252:1347-1359. [PMID: 25666304 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0768-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
By evaluating carotenoid content, photosynthetic pigments and changes in cellular morphology, growth rates, and photosynthetic performance, this study aimed to determine the effect of cadmium (Cd) on the development of young gametophytes of Gelidium floridanum. Plants were exposed to 7.5 and 15 μM of Cd for 7 days. Control plants showed increased formation of new filamentous thallus, increased growth rates, presence of starch grains in the cortical and subcortical cells, protein content distributed regularly throughout the cell periphery, and intense autofluorescence of chloroplasts. On the other hand, plants treated with Cd at concentrations of 7.5 and 15 μM showed few formations of new thallus with totally depigmented regions, resulting in decreased growth rates. Plants exposed to 7.5 μM Cd demonstrated alterations in the cell wall and an increase in starch grains in the cortical and subcortical cells, while plants exposed to 15 μM Cd showed changes in medullary cells with no organized distribution of protein content. The autofluorescence and structure of chloroplasts decreased, forming a thin layer on the periphery of cells. Cadmium also affected plant metabolism, as visualized by a decrease in photosynthetic pigments, in particular, phycoerythrin and phycocyanin contents, and an increase in carotenoids. This result agrees with decreased photosynthetic performance and chronic photoinhibition observed after treatment with Cd, as measured by the decrease in electron transport rate. Based on these results, it was concluded that exposure to Cd affects cell metabolism and results in significant toxicity to young gametophytes of G. floridanum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Simioni
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88049-900, CP 476, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil,
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Kumar KS, Dahms HU, Lee JS, Kim HC, Lee WC, Shin KH. Algal photosynthetic responses to toxic metals and herbicides assessed by chlorophyll a fluorescence. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 104:51-71. [PMID: 24632123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll a fluorescence is established as a rapid, non-intrusive technique to monitor photosynthetic performance of plants and algae, as well as to analyze their protective responses. Apart from its utility in determining the physiological status of photosynthesizers in the natural environment, chlorophyll a fluorescence-based methods are applied in ecophysiological and toxicological studies to examine the effect of environmental changes and pollutants on plants and algae (microalgae and seaweeds). Pollutants or environmental changes cause alteration of the photosynthetic capacity which could be evaluated by fluorescence kinetics. Hence, evaluating key fluorescence parameters and assessing photosynthetic performances would provide an insight regarding the probable causes of changes in photosynthetic performances. This technique quintessentially provides non-invasive determination of changes in the photosynthetic apparatus prior to the appearance of visible damage. It is reliable, economically feasible, time-saving, highly sensitive, versatile, accurate, non-invasive and portable; thereby comprising an excellent alternative for detecting pollution. The present review demonstrates the applicability of chlorophyll a fluorescence in determining photochemical responses of algae exposed to environmental toxicants (such as toxic metals and herbicides).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Suresh Kumar
- Department of Environmental Marine Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Hans-Uwe Dahms
- Green Life Science Department, College of Convergence, Sangmyung University, 7 Hongij-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Hyung Chul Kim
- Marine Environment Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Chan Lee
- Marine Environment Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Environmental Marine Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea.
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