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Jung JM, Kim CJ, Chung CS, Kim T, Gu HS, Kim HE, Choi KY. Applying new regional background concentration criteria to assess heavy metal contamination in deep-sea sediments at an ocean dumping site, Republic of Korea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 200:116065. [PMID: 38286087 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
It is crucial to establish appropriate background concentrations to discern heavy metal pollution in the marine environment. In this study, we analyzed heavy metals in deep-sea sediment cores to determine regional background concentrations at the East-Sea Byeong Ocean dumping site. The vertical profiles of heavy metals were categorized into three groups based on their contamination characteristics, and regional background levels for 12 metals were determined using pre-1900 averages. The enrichment factor, contamination factor, and pollution load index, calculated using regional background concentrations, indicated significant contamination by Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, and Pb during the ocean dumping period. These results differ from those obtained using global average concentrations. This underscores the importance of considering regional characteristics to minimize the risk of misinterpreting anthropogenic impacts. The approach based on local information is considered useful when sediment quality guidelines are absent or inapplicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Mo Jung
- Major of Oceanography, Division of Earth Environmental System Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Marine Environmental Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Joon Kim
- Marine Environmental Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Soo Chung
- Marine Environmental Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea; KIOST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejin Kim
- Major of Oceanography, Division of Earth Environmental System Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-San Gu
- Marine Environmental Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea; KIOST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Eun Kim
- Marine Environmental Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Young Choi
- Marine Environmental Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea; KIOST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Busan 49111, Republic of Korea.
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Khan M, Chaudhary MZ, Khan EU, Abid J, Nasir T, Yaqoob N. Assessment of radiological indices and physiochemical characterization of sediments in Chashma Lake, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1219. [PMID: 37718371 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11825-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Twenty surface sediment samples were gathered from Chasma Lake, deciding the radionuclides 137Cs, 226Ra, 228Ra, 232Th, and 40K and their associated hazard indices. The deliberate radionuclide activities of present research have been contrasted with earlier research, and acquired outcomes in the present study are found below the results in the world. The radiation hazard indices following the presence of natural radionuclides in sediment samples were estimated, and the results assigned the values of all the determined radiological indices found inside the worldwide suggested limits. It was concluded from the current review that the sediment of Chashma Lake is safe for construction and agriculture and does not make radiation dangerous to the nearby local area of the lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Khan
- District Education Authority Mianwali, Mianwali, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Jawaria Abid
- Isotope Application Division, PINSTECH, P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tabassum Nasir
- Institute of Physics, Gomal University, D. I Khan, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Yaqoob
- Isotope Application Division, PINSTECH, P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Afzal I, Chaudhary MZ, Khan EU, Nasir T, Yaqoob N. Radiological risk assessment in sediment of Namal Lake, Mianwali, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:223. [PMID: 35217922 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09881-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study is concentrated on the radiological risk assessment of sixteen surface sediment samples recovered from Namal Lake, District Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan. The activity of 137Cs, 40 K, 226Ra, 228Ra, and 232Th was carried out with the help of a high purity germanium detector (HPGe) in the sediment, varied in the ranges of > 0.02-3.73 ± 1.31, 98.32 ± 21.45-341.02 ± 58.67, 18.34 ± 2.16-34.23 ± 4.34, 1.62 ± .30-2.34 ± .52, and 0.14 ± 0.10-2.34 ± 0.59 Bq kg-1 with average values 0.74 ± 0.29, 237.26 ± 37.97, 25.06 ± 4.74, 1.97 ± 0.39, and 1.73 ± 0.33 Bq kg-1, respectively. The measured concentrations in the current study have been compared with other earlier studies in the world. The data was also used for determining the other useful parameters like radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose rate, and external and internal hazards index to assess the radiological risk assessment for the environment around the study area. The ERICA Tool software was also applied for radiological risk assessment for lake fish due to the radioactivity present in the lake sediments. It was concluded from the results of ERICA tool that the risk quotient in this study is less than one indicating that no toxic effects of radioactivity for Namal Lake fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Afzal
- Institute of Physics, Gomal University, D. I. Khan, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Tabassum Nasir
- Institute of Physics, Gomal University, D. I. Khan, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Yaqoob
- Isotope Application Division, PINSTECH, P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Siddiqui AS, Saher NU. Distribution profile of heavy metals and associated contamination trend with the sedimentary environment of Pakistan coast bordering the Northern Arabian Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:30121-30138. [PMID: 33582961 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12740-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal distributions of heavy metals (HMs) and their contamination status linked with the sedimentary environment were investigated in 2 monitoring years (MY-I and MY-II) along the Pakistan coast. The concentrations of HMs in sediments were analyzed through an atomic absorption spectrometer and presented the following order: Fe > Zn > Cu > Pb ≈ Cr > Ni > Co > Cd in MY-I and Fe > Cr > Zn > Ni > Cu > Pb > Co > Cd in MY-II. In the coastal sediments, all HMs surpassed the edges of shale values and sediment quality guidelines, excluding Fe. The burial flux (FB), mass inventory (MI), and deposition flux (FD) of HMs were evaluated and compared to explore the potential of sediments to adsorb and desorb the metals into the marine environment during the last decade. Metal-specific pollution indices (Igeo, EF, Cf, and Er) presented moderate contamination of Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, and Co but considerable contamination of Pb and Cd in sediments. However, site-specific geoindicators (CD, RI, and PLI) signified the Sandspit as the highest polluted site along the coastal vicinity. Multivariate analyses via principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) also highlighted the significant interactions between geochemical properties. The current study concluded the high pollution state toward the HMs and rendered the knowledge for policymaking and conserving the coastal and estuarine environment of Pakistan bordering the Northern Arabian Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmat Saleem Siddiqui
- Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75500, Pakistan.
| | - Noor Us Saher
- Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75500, Pakistan
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Sediment accumulation rates in Karachi coastal area Pakistan using 210Pb dating method. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07519-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kulkarni R, Deobagkar D, Zinjarde S. Metals in mangrove ecosystems and associated biota: A global perspective. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 153:215-228. [PMID: 29448175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove forests prevalent along the intertidal regions of tropical and sub-tropical coastlines are inimitable and dynamic ecosystems. They protect and stabilize coastal areas from deleterious consequences of natural disasters such as hurricanes and tsunamis. Although there are reviews on ecological aspects, industrial uses of mangrove-associated microorganisms and occurrence of pollutants in a region-specific manner, there is no exclusive review detailing the incidence of metals in mangrove sediments and associated biota in these ecosystems on a global level. In this review, mangrove forests have been classified in a continent-wise manner. Most of the investigations detail the distribution of metals such as zinc, chromium, arsenic, copper, cobalt, manganese, nickel, lead and mercury although in some cases levels of vanadium, strontium, zirconium and uranium have also been studied. Seasonal, tidal, marine, riverine, and terrestrial components are seen to influence occurrence, speciation, bioavailability and fate of metals in these ecosystems. In most of the cases, associated plants and animals also accumulate metals to different extents and are of ecotoxicological relevance. Levels of metals vary in a region specific manner and there is disparity in the pollution status of different mangrove areas. Protecting these vulnerable ecosystems from metal pollutants is important from environmental safety point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasika Kulkarni
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Deepti Deobagkar
- Indian Space Research Organization Cell, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Smita Zinjarde
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India; Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India.
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Jahan S, Strezov V. Comparison of pollution indices for the assessment of heavy metals in the sediments of seaports of NSW, Australia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 128:295-306. [PMID: 29571376 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sediments samples from six seaports of NSW, Australia were analysed for the presence of metal contamination. Geoaccumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), pollution load index (PLI), potential ecological risk (PER) and sediment pollution index (SPI) along with multivariate statistical analysis were used to identify the pollution pattern and possible sources of metals in the ports. The results demonstrate Cu, Pb and Zn pollution (Igeo > 5) at most sites and enrichment of As, Ni, Mn (EF > 3) and other metals. The PER recommends serious pollution at Port Kembla and Eden. By contrast, PLI and SPI demonstrate high contamination in all ports with exception of Port Botany and Yamba. PCA and cluster analysis detected major groups of elements in which three distinct clusters of pollutants and sites were apparent by dendrogram which portray simple and effective baseline scenarios for port activity-related quality assessment of surface sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayka Jahan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University NSW 2109, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Vladimir Strezov
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University NSW 2109, Sydney, Australia
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Wang J, Liu G, Zhang J, Liu H, Lam PKS. A 59-year sedimentary record of metal pollution in the sediment core from the Huaihe River, Huainan, Anhui, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:23533-23545. [PMID: 27614641 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7587-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An approximately 59-year (1955-2014) sedimentary record of metal elements (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co, Mn, and Fe) in a sediment core, collected from the Huaihe River, Huainan City, Anhui Province, China, was reconstructed by using 210Pb geochronology. Copper, Zn, Ni, Co, and Mn evaluated by enrichment factor (EF) indicated minor contamination due to water pollution accidents of the Huaihe River that occurred in 1990s and 2004. Lead presented the most severe pollution among the metals studied, especially during 1957-1974. The use of leaded petrol and atmospheric deposition of coal combustion flue gases could have contributed to Pb contamination. In spite of the general good quality (mean sediment pollution index (SPI) 35.69) of the sediment core evaluated by SPI based on the principal component analysis, worse sediment qualities in the upper section (<6 cm, 2004) were still observed, suggesting intensive human activities causing the increasing concentrations of metals in recent decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China.
| | - Jiamei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Houqi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
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