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Šrut M, Sabolić I, Erdelez A, Grbin D, Furdek Turk M, Bakarić R, Peharda M, Štambuk A. Marine Pollutant Tributyltin Affects DNA Methylation and Fitness of Banded Murex ( Hexaplex trunculus) Populations. TOXICS 2023; 11:276. [PMID: 36977041 PMCID: PMC10051066 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Banded murex, Hexaplex trunculus, is a marine gastropod whose reproductive fitness can be severely affected by very low concentrations of antifouling compound tributyltin (TBT). TBT has strong xenoandrogen impacts on snails, causing the development of imposex (e.g., the superimposition of male sexual characteristic in females), thereby affecting the fitness of entire populations. TBT is also known as a DNA-demethylating agent and an obesogenic factor. The aim of this study was to unravel the interactions between TBT bioaccumulation, phenotypic responses, and epigenetic and genetic endpoints in native populations of H. trunculus. Seven populations inhabiting environments along the pollution gradient were sampled in the coastal eastern Adriatic. These included sites of intense marine traffic and boat maintenance activity and sites with low anthropogenic impact. Populations inhabiting intermediately and highly polluted sites exhibited higher TBT burdens, higher incidences of imposex, and higher wet masses of snails than populations in lowly polluted sites. Other morphometric traits and cellular biomarker responses did not show clear differentiation among populations in relation to marine traffic/pollution intensity. An analysis of methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) revealed environmentally driven population differentiation and higher epigenetics than genetic within-population diversity. Moreover, decreases in genome-wide DNA methylation coincided with the imposex level and snail mass, suggesting an epigenetic background of the animal phenotypic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Šrut
- Institute of Zoology, Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Iva Sabolić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (D.G.); (R.B.)
| | - Anita Erdelez
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.E.); (M.P.)
| | - Dorotea Grbin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (D.G.); (R.B.)
| | - Martina Furdek Turk
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Robert Bakarić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (D.G.); (R.B.)
| | - Melita Peharda
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.E.); (M.P.)
| | - Anamaria Štambuk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (D.G.); (R.B.)
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Beyer J, Song Y, Tollefsen KE, Berge JA, Tveiten L, Helland A, Øxnevad S, Schøyen M. The ecotoxicology of marine tributyltin (TBT) hotspots: A review. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 179:105689. [PMID: 35777303 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) was widely used as a highly efficient biocide in antifouling paints for ship and boat hulls. Eventually, TBT containing paints became globally banned when TBT was found to cause widespread contamination and non-target adverse effects in sensitive species, with induced pseudohermaphroditism in female neogastropods (imposex) being the best-known example. In this review, we address the history and the status of knowledge regarding TBT pollution and marine TBT hotspots, with a special emphasis on the Norwegian coastline. The review also presents a brief update on knowledge of TBT toxicity in various marine species and humans, highlighting the current understanding of toxicity mechanisms relevant for causing endocrine disruption in marine species. Despite observations of reduced TBT sediment concentrations in many marine sediments over the recent decades, contaminant hotspots are still prevalent worldwide. Consequently, efforts to monitor TBT levels and assessment of potential effects in sentinel species being potentially susceptible to TBT in these locations are still highly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonny Beyer
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, NO-0579, Oslo, Norway.
| | - You Song
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, NO-0579, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, NO-0579, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Arthur Berge
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, NO-0579, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lise Tveiten
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, NO-0579, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Sigurd Øxnevad
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, NO-0579, Oslo, Norway
| | - Merete Schøyen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, NO-0579, Oslo, Norway
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Furdek Turk M, Ivanić M, Dautović J, Bačić N, Mikac N. Simultaneous analysis of butyltins and total tin in sediments as a tool for the assessment of tributyltin behaviour, long-term persistence and historical contamination in the coastal environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 258:127307. [PMID: 32554007 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a new approach for the investigation of tributyltin (TBT) behaviour and fate in the marine environment. The approach is based on a simultaneous analysis of butyltins (BuTs) and total Sn in sediments, thus enabling an assessment of long-term persistence and historical input of TBT. The study also presents first evaluation of the extent to which the TBT-antifouling paints contribute to the contamination of coastal environments with inorganic Sn; it was demonstrated that the inorganic Sn in the investigated areas primarily originates from TBT degradation. The study was conducted by analyzing BuTs and total Sn in sediments from 34 locations along the Croatian Adriatic coast. The results revealed that 85% of the locations were contaminated with both BuTs and inorganic Sn. The share of ƩBuTs/total Sn was low (<10%) even in sediments with low TBT degradation efficiency (TBT/ƩBuTs >40%), demonstrating that only small portion of TBT introduced into the water column reached the sediment before being degraded. This means that recent TBT input into the marine environment may be at least 10 times higher than the amount estimated if only BuTs levels in sediments are considered. It was also demonstrated that TBT concentration in sediments with TOC <1% is not a good indicator of the overall pollution level, even if TBT/TOC approach is used in pollution assessment. Finally, in situ investigation showed that resuspension of contaminated sediments leads to significant release of MBT and DBT into the water column, whereas TBT mainly remains in sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Furdek Turk
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Maja Ivanić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Dautović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Niko Bačić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nevenka Mikac
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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Harrison TD, Gilmour G, McNeill MT, Armour N, McIlroy L. Survey of imposex in Nucella lapillus as an indicator of tributyltin pollution in Northern Irish coastal waters, 2004 to 2017. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 159:111474. [PMID: 32738638 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) was a commonly used biocide in anti-fouling paints for marine vessels, however, it had negative impacts on non-target species, including causing imposex in dogwhelks (Nucella lapillus). Since the 1980s, legislation has been introduced to curtail its usage, culminating in a ban by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) in 2008. In 2004 a national imposex monitoring network was established in Northern Ireland to determine the level and extent of TBT pollution. The level of imposex in N. lapillus was assessed according to the degree of male sexual development in the female using three measures: percentage of imposex-affected females (%I), the relative penis size index (RPSI), and the vas deferens sequence index (VDSI). All sites showed improvement since the initial survey with a reduction in imposex and an improvement in ecological quality under the classification of the Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic (OSPAR).
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Harrison
- Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs, 17 Antrim Road, Antrim, Lisburn, Northern Ireland BT28 3AL, UK
| | - G Gilmour
- Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs, 17 Antrim Road, Antrim, Lisburn, Northern Ireland BT28 3AL, UK
| | - M T McNeill
- Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs, 17 Antrim Road, Antrim, Lisburn, Northern Ireland BT28 3AL, UK.
| | - N Armour
- Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs, 17 Antrim Road, Antrim, Lisburn, Northern Ireland BT28 3AL, UK
| | - L McIlroy
- Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs, 17 Antrim Road, Antrim, Lisburn, Northern Ireland BT28 3AL, UK
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Zhang R, Tian Y. Characteristics of natural biopolymers and their derivative as sorbents for chromium adsorption: a review. JOURNAL OF LEATHER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s42825-020-00038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Chromium is widely used in industry, and improper disposal of wastewater and industrial residues containing excessive chromium can contaminate water and soil, endangering both environmental and human health. Natural biopolymers and their derivatives have been investigated for removal of chromium (Cr) from wastewater. Cellulose, lignin, tannin, chitin, chitosan, and polypeptides are abundant in nature, and have high potential as adsorbents due to their easy access, low cost, and the recyclability of the captured heavy metals. In order to improve their mechanical strength, recyclability, specific surface area, binding site number, and adsorption rate as adsorbents, native materials have also been modified. This review discusses the source of chromium contamination and the main species of interest, as well as their toxicity. The structures of the aforementioned biopolymers were analyzed, and the adsorption mechanism of chromium and the main influencing factors on this process are discussed. The modification methods of various adsorbents and their adsorption effects on chromium are also detailed, and the developmental direction of research on the use of biopolymer adsorption remediation to control chromium contamination is discussed.
Graphical abstract
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Schøyen M, Green NW, Hjermann DØ, Tveiten L, Beylich B, Øxnevad S, Beyer J. Levels and trends of tributyltin (TBT) and imposex in dogwhelk (Nucella lapillus) along the Norwegian coastline from 1991 to 2017. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 144:1-8. [PMID: 30497665 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The banning of organotin biocides, such as tributyltin (TBT), from use in marine antifouling paints is now leading to reproductive health recovery in marine gastropod populations all over the world. TBT induces so-called imposex (superimposition of male sexual characters onto females) in certain marine gastropods, such as the common dogwhelk Nucella lapillus. In this publication, the results of the Norwegian TBT and imposex monitoring in N. lapillus from the period 1991-2017 are presented. Significantly higher levels of TBT and imposex were measured in coastal areas close to shipping lanes along most of the coast prior to 2008 than afterwards. Levels started declining after restrictions were imposed on the use of TBT in all antifouling paint applications, with a total ban in 2008. In 2017, no sign of imposex was found in N. lapillus in any of the monitoring stations along the Norwegian coastline. Based on monitoring data shown herein, the importance of long-term biomonitoring and international chemical regulations, as well as the TBT and imposex story in general, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merete Schøyen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Norman W Green
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Ø Hjermann
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lise Tveiten
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørnar Beylich
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigurd Øxnevad
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonny Beyer
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
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Askem CE, Wright SR, Vannoni M, Robinson CD, White K, Lyons BP, Nicolaus EEM. Spatial and temporal analysis of biliary 1-hydroxypyrene, hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase and muscle acetylcholinesterase activity in UK flatfish. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 133:872-880. [PMID: 30041389 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemical pollution of the marine environment from anthropogenic sources is a global concern due to the potential for long term effects on the ecosystem. Chemical monitoring schemes can detect harmful substances in water, sediment or biota. However, the presence of specific determinants gives no information on how individual species or the ecosystem are impacted. Biological effects techniques are therefore used in environmental monitoring schemes to provide a clearer picture of whether the chemicals present are causing deleterious effects on the species sampled, or whether organisms have been exposed to certain classes of organic contaminants that they may be able to metabolise. Using these techniques, we can provide an assessment of the health of our marine environment (Thain et al., 2008).
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare E Askem
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, United Kingdom
| | - Serena R Wright
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Vannoni
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, United Kingdom
| | - Craig D Robinson
- Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly White
- Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, United Kingdom
| | - Brett P Lyons
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - E E Manuel Nicolaus
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, United Kingdom.
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Lahbib Y, Abidli S, Trigui-El Menif N. First assessment of the effectiveness of the international convention on the control of harmful anti-fouling systems on ships in Tunisia using imposex in Hexaplex trunculus as biomarker. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 128:17-23. [PMID: 29571360 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The global ban on the use of tributyltin (TBT) forced in September 2008 was ratified in Tunisia as late as June 2011. In this context, the present study aims to highlight the consequences of TBT contamination by monitoring 22 Tunisian sites before (2007) and after the ban (2012 and 2016) using as biomarker the occurrence of imposex in Hexaplex trunculus. From 2004 to 2016, complete recovery from imposex was reported in 11 sites. All average imposex indices calculated for each sampling year also decreased: imposex incidence from 61 to 27%, VDSI from 2 to 0.7, and RPLI from 15.7 to 1.6%. Ecological Quality Ratios (EQR) revealed that the sampling sites are in moderate to good ecological status. Overall, the present study confirms the effectiveness of the enacted legislation in reducing the impact of TBT pollution along the Tunisian coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Lahbib
- Département de Biologie, Groupe de Malacologie Fondamentale et Appliquée (GMFA), Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement (LBE), Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia; Département de la Formation Technique et Appliquée, Institut Supérieur des Métiers du Patrimoine de Tunis, Université de Tunis, 10, Rue de Kélibia, Beb El Khadra, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Sami Abidli
- Département de Biologie, Groupe de Malacologie Fondamentale et Appliquée (GMFA), Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement (LBE), Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Najoua Trigui-El Menif
- Département de Biologie, Groupe de Malacologie Fondamentale et Appliquée (GMFA), Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement (LBE), Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia
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Lagadic L, Katsiadaki I, Biever R, Guiney PD, Karouna-Renier N, Schwarz T, Meador JP. Tributyltin: Advancing the Science on Assessing Endocrine Disruption with an Unconventional Endocrine-Disrupting Compound. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 245:65-127. [PMID: 29119384 DOI: 10.1007/398_2017_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) has been recognized as an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) for several decades. However, only in the last decade, was its primary endocrine mechanism of action (MeOA) elucidated-interactions with the nuclear retinoid-X receptor (RXR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and their heterodimers. This molecular initiating event (MIE) alters a range of reproductive, developmental, and metabolic pathways at the organism level. It is noteworthy that a variety of MeOAs have been proposed over the years for the observed endocrine-type effects of TBT; however, convincing data for the MIE was provided only recently and now several researchers have confirmed and refined the information on this MeOA. One of the most important lessons learned from years of research on TBT concerns apparent species sensitivity. Several aspects such as the rates of uptake and elimination, chemical potency, and metabolic capacity are all important for identifying the most sensitive species for a given chemical, including EDCs. For TBT, much of this was discovered by trial and error, hence important relationships and important sensitive taxa were not identified until several decades after its introduction to the environment. As recognized for many years, TBT-induced responses are known to occur at very low concentrations for molluscs, a fact that has more recently also been observed in fish species. This review explores the MeOA and effects of TBT in different species (aquatic molluscs and other invertebrates, fish, amphibians, birds, and mammals) according to the OECD Conceptual Framework for Endocrine Disruptor Testing and Assessment (CFEDTA). The information gathered on biological effects that are relevant for populations of aquatic animals was used to construct Species Sensitivity Distributions (SSDs) based on No Observed Effect Concentrations (NOECs) and Lowest Observed Effect Concentrations (LOECs). Fish appear at the lower end of these distributions, showing that they are as sensitive as molluscs, and for some species, even more sensitive. Concentrations in the range of 1 ng/L for water exposure (10 ng/g for whole-body burden) have been shown to elicit endocrine-type responses, whereas mortality occurs at water concentrations ten times higher. Current screening and assessment methodologies as compiled in the OECD CFEDTA are able to identify TBT as a potent endocrine disruptor with a high environmental risk for the original use pattern. If those approaches had been available when TBT was introduced to the market, it is likely that its use would have been regulated sooner, thus avoiding the detrimental effects on marine gastropod populations and communities as documented over several decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Lagadic
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Crop Science Division, Environmental Safety, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 50, Monheim am Rhein, 40789, Germany.
| | - Ioanna Katsiadaki
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Ron Biever
- Smithers Viscient, 790 Main Street, Wareham, MA, 02571, USA
| | - Patrick D Guiney
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705-2222, USA
| | - Natalie Karouna-Renier
- USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, BARC East Bldg 308, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Tamar Schwarz
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - James P Meador
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA
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Laranjeiro F, Sánchez-Marín P, Oliveira IB, Galante-Oliveira S, Barroso C. Fifteen years of imposex and tributyltin pollution monitoring along the Portuguese coast. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 232:411-421. [PMID: 28986082 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
IMO's Anti-Fouling Systems convention banned the use of organotin-based antifouling systems in 2008 as the ultimate effort to stop tributyltin (TBT) inputs into the marine environment. One of the hazardous effects of TBT is imposex (the superimposition of male sexual characters onto gastropod females), a phenomenon that may cause female sterility and the gastropod populations decline. Despite previous European Union legislation had already been shown effective in reducing the imposex levels along the Portuguese coast, this study intends to confirm these decreasing trends after 2008 and describe the global evolution in the last 15 years. Imposex levels were assessed in two bioindicators - the dog-whelk Nucella lapillus and the netted-whelk Nassarius reticulatus (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) - in 2011 and 2014, and the results were compared with previous years. Both species showed progressive decreasing trends in imposex levels over the last 15 years; median values of the vas deferens sequence index (VDSI) fell from 3.96 to 0.78 in N. lapillus and from 3.39 to 0.29 in N. reticulatus. The temporal/spatial evolution of imposex suggests an apparent shift of TBT hotspots, being now restricted to fishing ports and marinas in detriment of large commercial harbours where TBT levels fell rapidly. Butyltins were measured in the whole tissues of N. lapillus females collected in 2014: monobutyltin (MBT) varied from < DL (detection limit: 1 ng Sn/g) to 13 ng Sn/g dw, dibutyltin (DBT) from 2.2 to 27 ng Sn/g dw and TBT from 1.5 to 55 ng Sn/g dw. Although TBT body burden has declined over time, the butyltin degradation index ([MBT]+[DBT])/[TBT] exhibited values < 1 in c. a. 90% of the sites assessed, suggesting that recent TBT inputs are still widespread in the Portuguese coast eventually due to illegal use of TBT antifouling systems and TBT desorption from sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Laranjeiro
- Biology Department and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Paula Sánchez-Marín
- Department of Animal Biology and Ecology, University of Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Isabel Benta Oliveira
- Biology Department and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana Galante-Oliveira
- Biology Department and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlos Barroso
- Biology Department and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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Hawkins SJ, Evans AJ, Mieszkowska N, Adams LC, Bray S, Burrows MT, Firth LB, Genner MJ, Leung KMY, Moore PJ, Pack K, Schuster H, Sims DW, Whittington M, Southward EC. Distinguishing globally-driven changes from regional- and local-scale impacts: The case for long-term and broad-scale studies of recovery from pollution. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 124:573-586. [PMID: 28314615 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Marine ecosystems are subject to anthropogenic change at global, regional and local scales. Global drivers interact with regional- and local-scale impacts of both a chronic and acute nature. Natural fluctuations and those driven by climate change need to be understood to diagnose local- and regional-scale impacts, and to inform assessments of recovery. Three case studies are used to illustrate the need for long-term studies: (i) separation of the influence of fishing pressure from climate change on bottom fish in the English Channel; (ii) recovery of rocky shore assemblages from the Torrey Canyon oil spill in the southwest of England; (iii) interaction of climate change and chronic Tributyltin pollution affecting recovery of rocky shore populations following the Torrey Canyon oil spill. We emphasize that "baselines" or "reference states" are better viewed as envelopes that are dependent on the time window of observation. Recommendations are made for adaptive management in a rapidly changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Hawkins
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton SO17 3ZH, UK; The Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - A J Evans
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton SO17 3ZH, UK; The Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK.
| | - N Mieszkowska
- The Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK; School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
| | - L C Adams
- The Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - S Bray
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; AHTI Ltd. Unit 16, Highcroft Industrial Estate, Enterprise Road, Waterlooville, Hampshire PO8 0BT, UK
| | - M T Burrows
- Department of Ecology, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban PA37 1QA, UK
| | - L B Firth
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - M J Genner
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - K M Y Leung
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulan Road, Hong Kong
| | - P J Moore
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3FG, UK
| | - K Pack
- The Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - H Schuster
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton SO17 3ZH, UK
| | - D W Sims
- The Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - M Whittington
- International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation Ltd., 1 Oliver's Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1HQ, UK
| | - E C Southward
- The Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
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12
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Wells FE, Keesing JK, Brearley A. Recovery of marine Conus (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) from imposex at Rottnest Island, Western Australia, over a quarter of a century. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 123:182-187. [PMID: 28882508 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Imposex is a reproductive abnormality in which female snails begin to transform to males, but do not become functional. It was caused by tributyltin (TBT) used as an antifoulant in boat paints. Imposex was first recorded marine snails (Conus) (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) at Rottnest Island, Western Australia, in January 1991, where 88% of individuals at the west end were affected. Most were at moderate Stages 3 and 4 on a scale of 0 (no affect) to 6 (death). TBT was banned on boats <25m long in late 1991 in WA. In 1996, imposex had declined to 69% of females with Stages 3 and 4 still the most common. By 2007 only 35% of females exhibited imposex; Stage 3 was the highest level recorded. TBT was below detection limits. TBT was banned on vessels >25m in September 2013. In February 2017 only 4% of Conus had imposex, at Stage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred E Wells
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia; School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, USA.
| | - John K Keesing
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Oceans Research Institute, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Anne Brearley
- Oceans Research Institute, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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13
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Erdelez A, Furdek Turk M, Štambuk A, Župan I, Peharda M. Ecological quality status of the Adriatic coastal waters evaluated by the organotin pollution biomonitoring. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 123:313-323. [PMID: 28847631 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the post-legislation change in tributyltin (TBT) pollution at Croatian Adriatic coast. Gastropod Hexaplex trunculus and sediments were collected, nearly 10years after TBT based antifouling paints were banned, at 12 locations along the coast where a previous study was conducted in 2005. The study showed a decline of TBT levels over the investigated period, although all gastropods populations were highly affected by imposex meaning that prohibition did not result in the recovery of populations. The further aim was to propose the Ecological Quality Ratio (EQR) boundaries for potential use of H. trunculus as a principal bioindicator in the assessment of the ecological status of the Mediterranean regarding TBT pollution, under the Water Framework Directive (WFD). According to the proposed EQR classes, the WFD target for achieving the Good ecological status of the marine environment by 2015 was not reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Erdelez
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - M Furdek Turk
- Department for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - A Štambuk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Roosveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - I Župan
- Department of Ecology, Agronomy and Aquaculture, University of Zadar, Trg kneza Višeslava 9, 23000 Zadar, Croatia
| | - M Peharda
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia
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14
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Grilo TF, Rosa R. Intersexuality in aquatic invertebrates: Prevalence and causes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 592:714-728. [PMID: 28325592 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This review is the first assembling information on intersexuality in aquatic invertebrates, from freshwater to estuarine and marine environments. Intersex is a condition whereby an individual of a gonochorist (separate sexes) species has oocytes or distinct stages of spermatogonia, at varying degrees of development, within the normal gonad of the opposite gender (i.e. spermatocytes in the ovary or oocytes in the testis), often involving alterations in the gonadal structure, reproductive tract or external genitalia. By the end of 2016 we found approximately 340 records of aquatic invertebrate species evidencing signs of intersexuality (or imposex), all comprised within the Phyla Mollusca and Arthropoda. Gastropod molluscs are by far the group with more examples documented (256 species), followed by crustaceans, i.e., decapods, copepods and amphipods. To our knowledge no further cases of intersexuality were known concerning other invertebrate taxa. Despite some reports suggesting that a baseline level of intersexuality may occur naturally in some populations, the causes are multifaceted and mostly linked with environmental contamination by estrogenic and organotin endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), parasitism, and genetic/environmental sex determination abnormalities. A more comprehensive discussion about the origin of intersexuality, prevalence and causes, knowledge gaps and future research directions in the light of new omics scientific advances (genomics, proteomics and transcriptomics) is also provided. The lack of studies linking molecular responses of invertebrate intersex individuals to multiple stressors represents a true challenge to be further investigated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago F Grilo
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal.
| | - Rui Rosa
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal
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15
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Marty MS, Blankinship A, Chambers J, Constantine L, Kloas W, Kumar A, Lagadic L, Meador J, Pickford D, Schwarz T, Verslycke T. Population-relevant endpoints in the evaluation of endocrine-active substances (EAS) for ecotoxicological hazard and risk assessment. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2017; 13:317-330. [PMID: 28052490 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
For ecotoxicological risk assessment, endocrine disruptors require the establishment of an endocrine mode of action (MoA) with a plausible link to a population-relevant adverse effect. Current ecotoxicity test methods incorporate mostly apical endpoints although some also include mechanistic endpoints, subcellular-through-organ level, which can help establish an endocrine MoA. However, the link between these endpoints and adverse population-level effects is often unclear. The case studies of endocrine-active substances (EAS) (tributyltin, ethinylestradiol, perchlorate, trenbolone, propiconazole, and vinclozolin) evaluated from the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Pellston Workshop® "Ecotoxicological Hazard and Risk Assessment Approaches for Endocrine-Active Substances (EHRA)" were used to evaluate the population relevance of toxicity endpoints in various taxa according to regulatory endocrine-disruptor frameworks such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Conceptual Framework for Testing and Assessment of Endocrine Disruptors. A wide variety of potentially endocrine-relevant endpoints were identified for mollusks, fish, amphibians, birds, and mammals, although the strength of the relationship between test endpoints and population-level effects was often uncertain. Furthermore, testing alone is insufficient for assessing potential adaptation and recovery processes in exposed populations. For this purpose, models that link effects observed in laboratory tests to the dynamics of wildlife populations appear to be necessary, and their development requires reliable and robust data. As our understanding of endocrine perturbations and key event relationships improves, adverse population-level effects will be more easily and accurately predicted. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:317-330. © 2017 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janice Chambers
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | | | - Werner Kloas
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anupama Kumar
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Adelaide, South Australia
| | | | - James Meador
- NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Tamar Schwarz
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, Dorset, United Kingdom
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16
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Ruiz JM, Carro B, Albaina N, Couceiro L, Míguez A, Quintela M, Barreiro R. Bi-species imposex monitoring in Galicia (NW Spain) shows contrasting achievement of the OSPAR Ecological Quality Objective for TBT. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 114:715-723. [PMID: 27806895 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Imposex is decreasing worldwide after the total ban on tributyltin (TBT) from antifouling paints. In order to assess improvement in the NE Atlantic, the OSPAR Convention designed an Ecological Quality Objective (EcoQO) based on the VDSI (vas deferens sequence index, an agreed measure of imposex) in the rock snail Nucella lapillus; wherever this is not available, the mud snail Nassarius reticulatus was proposed as a proxy. We determined VDSI in Galician populations of rock (n≥34) and mud (n≥18) snails at regular intervals from pre-ban times until 2009 and 2011, respectively. While imposex in the former started decreasing in 2006 and by 2009 the EcoQO had been met in the area, VDSI in the latter was not significantly reduced until 2011 and values contradict such an achievement. This suggests that the OSPAR imposex bi-species scheme may not be of direct application in the current post-ban scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Ruiz
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo BIOCOST, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Depto. BA, BV, y Ecología, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus da Zapateira, 15071 Coruña, Spain.
| | - B Carro
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo BIOCOST, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Depto. BA, BV, y Ecología, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus da Zapateira, 15071 Coruña, Spain
| | - N Albaina
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo BIOCOST, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Depto. BA, BV, y Ecología, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus da Zapateira, 15071 Coruña, Spain
| | - L Couceiro
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo BIOCOST, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Depto. BA, BV, y Ecología, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus da Zapateira, 15071 Coruña, Spain
| | - A Míguez
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo BIOCOST, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Depto. BA, BV, y Ecología, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus da Zapateira, 15071 Coruña, Spain
| | - M Quintela
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo BIOCOST, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Depto. BA, BV, y Ecología, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus da Zapateira, 15071 Coruña, Spain
| | - R Barreiro
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo BIOCOST, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Depto. BA, BV, y Ecología, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus da Zapateira, 15071 Coruña, Spain
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17
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Endocrine Disruption and In Vitro Ecotoxicology: Recent Advances and Approaches. IN VITRO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY - CONCEPTS, APPLICATION AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 157:1-58. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Nicolaus EEM, Wright SR, Bolam TPC, Barber JL, Bignell JP, Lyons BP. Spatial and temporal analysis of the risks posed by polychlorinated biphenyl and metal contaminants in dab (Limanda limanda) collected from waters around England and Wales. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 112:399-405. [PMID: 27496685 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The metals cadmium, mercury and lead, and the ICES7 CB levels were analysed in the common dab Limanda limanda to investigate whether concentrations of these determinants are at levels above established OSPAR assessment criteria around England and Wales. The results indicate that CB118 is above the OSPAR derived EAC at 22 out of 29 sampled stations, with 15 showing significant reductions. Cadmium is increasing significantly at six stations with two sites in the North Sea breaching corresponding OSPAR EAC. Mean results for all other PCBs and metals stayed below the EAC thresholds, with Hg concentrations even falling below BAC levels at South Eddystone located in the western English Channel. This study shows that PCBs banned over 20years ago are still found at concentrations in fish liver tissues which may pose a health risk to both the individual fish and their predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Manuel Nicolaus
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0LB, UK.
| | - Serena R Wright
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0LB, UK
| | - Thi P C Bolam
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0LB, UK
| | - Jonathan L Barber
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0LB, UK
| | - John P Bignell
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Brett P Lyons
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
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