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Li T, Duan L, Shi L, Liu E, Fan J. Novel ferrofluid based on hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents for separation and analysis of trace estrogens in environmental water and urine samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:4057-4070. [PMID: 38842689 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05350-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
A novel ferrofluid prepared from a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (DES) and Fe3O4@graphite composite materials was introduced as a green microextraction medium for the separation and enrichment of trace estrogens in real samples. It was found that the ferrofluid greatly improved the capacity and selectivity of target analytes, benefiting from the enrichment of both DES and Fe3O4@graphite composite materials. Using a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) and vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (VALLME), a new method was established for simultaneous rapid processing and accurate determination of three estrogens (estradiol [E2], estriol [E3], and ethinyl estradiol [EE2]) in environmental water and urine samples. Key parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were optimized using a single-factor approach and response surface methodology. Under optimal conditions, this method yielded a low limit of detection (1.01 ng L-1, 3.03 ng L-1, and 25.0 ng L-1 for EE2, E2, and E3, respectively), wide linear range (3-200,000 ng L-1), high enrichment factors (9.81-47.2), and satisfactory recovery (73.8-129.0%). Compared with traditional analytical techniques, this method avoids the use of volatile toxic organic extraction solvents and cumbersome phase separation operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiemei Li
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Lichong Duan
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Longrui Shi
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Enxiu Liu
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Fan
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, People's Republic of China.
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Sanusi IO, Olutona GO, Wawata IG, Onohuean H. Occurrence, environmental impact and fate of pharmaceuticals in groundwater and surface water: a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:90595-90614. [PMID: 37488386 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
In many nations and locations, groundwater serves as the population's primary drinking water supply. However, pharmaceuticals found in groundwater and surface waters may affect aquatic ecosystems and public health. As a result, their existence in natural raw waters are now more widely acknowledged as a concern. This review summarises the evidence of research on pharmaceuticals' occurrence, impact and fate, considering results from different water bodies. Also, various analytical techniques were reviewed to compare different pharmaceuticals' detection frequencies in water bodies. These include liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). However, owing to LC-MS's high sensitivity and specification, it is the most reported instrument used for analysis. The PRISMA reviewing methodology was adopted based on relevant literature in order to focus on aim of the review. Among other pharmaceuticals reviewed, sulfamethoxazole was found to be the most frequently detected drug in wastewater (up to 100% detection frequency). The most reported pharmaceutical group in this review is antibiotics, with sulfamethoxazole having the highest concentration among the analysed pharmaceuticals in groundwater and freshwater (up to 5600 ng/L). Despite extensive study and analysis on the occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals in the environment, appropriate wastewater management and disposal of pharmaceuticals in the water environment are not still monitored regularly. Therefore, there is a need for mainstream studies tailored to the surveillance of pharmaceuticals in water bodies to limit environmental risks to human and aquatic habitats in both mid and low-income nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Olatunji Sanusi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda.
| | - Godwin Oladele Olutona
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
- Industrial Chemistry Programme, College of Agriculture Engineering and Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
- Department of Basic Science, School of Science and Technology, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Ibrahim Garba Wawata
- Department of Basic Science, School of Science and Technology, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, PMB +243 1144, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria
| | - Hope Onohuean
- Biomolecules, Metagenomics, Endocrine and Tropical Disease Research Group (BMETDREG), Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
- Biopharmaceutics Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
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Hernández F, Fabregat-Safont D, Campos-Mañas M, Quintana JB. Efficient Validation Strategies in Environmental Analytical Chemistry: A Focus on Organic Micropollutants in Water Samples. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2023; 16:401-428. [PMID: 37068748 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091222-112115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This article critically reviews analytical method validation and quality control applied to the environmental chemistry field. The review focuses on the determination of organic micropollutants (OMPs), specifically emerging contaminants and pesticides, in the aquatic environment. The analytical technique considered is (gas and liquid) chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (MS), including high-resolution MS for wide-scope screening purposes. An analysis of current research practices outlined in the literature has been performed, and key issues and analytical challenges are identified and critically discussed. It is worth emphasizing the lack of specific guidelines applied to environmental analytical chemistry and the minimal regulation of OMPs in waters, which greatly affect method development and performance, requirements for method validation, and the subsequent application to samples. Finally, a proposal is made for method validation and data reporting, which can be understood as starting points for further discussion with specialists in environmental analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Hernández
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castellón, Spain;
| | - David Fabregat-Safont
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castellón, Spain;
- Applied Metabolomics Research Laboratory, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Campos-Mañas
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castellón, Spain;
| | - José Benito Quintana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis (IAQBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Gu X, Qin N, Wei G, Hu Y, Zhang YN, Zhao G. Efficient photocatalytic removal of phthalates easily implemented over a bi-functional {001}TiO 2 surface. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128257. [PMID: 33297202 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is stubborn to remove the lowly concentrated phthalic acid esters (PAEs) that usually coexist with other highly concentrated but low-toxic pollutants in municipal sewage. Herein, we report a novel strategy for completely removing the PAEs over a bi-functional {001}TiO2 surface (with highly exposed {001} facet), which not only serve as functional sites to specifically adsorb the target PAEs pollutants, but also contribute to an enhanced oxidation ability. The adsorption behavior of PAEs on {001}TiO2 is analyzed deeply through kinetic experiments combining with in situ ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. The results reveal that the adsorption capacities of PAEs on {001}TiO2 are about 4-5 times higher than that on TiO2, both of which follow the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir model. This is mainly attributed to the interfacial Lewis Acid-Base Pair between {001} facet Ti5c sites and CO of PAEs. Benefitting from the specific adsorption capability toward target pollutant and enhanced oxidation ability of {001} facets, nearly 100% of DMP or DEP in simulated wastewater can be eliminated by {001}TiO2 within 2 h illumination, and the relevant degradation rate constants (k) (3.67 h-1 for DMP and 2.19 h-1 for DEP) are 5.73 and 3.08 folds higher than that of pure TiO2, respectively. In the application of municipal wastewater, nearly 76% of DMP and 85% DEP can be eliminated by {001}TiO2 within 2 h illumination, which are nearly 3-6 fold higher than that of pure TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Gu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Qin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangfeng Wei
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqiong Hu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guohua Zhao
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
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Sadutto D, Picó Y. Sample Preparation to Determine Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products in an All-Water Matrix: Solid Phase Extraction. Molecules 2020; 25:E5204. [PMID: 33182304 PMCID: PMC7664861 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are abundantly used by people, and some of them are excreted unaltered or as metabolites through urine, with the sewage being the most important source to their release to the environment. These compounds are in almost all types of water (wastewater, surface water, groundwater, etc.) at concentrations ranging from ng/L to µg/L. The isolation and concentration of the PPCPs from water achieves the appropriate sensitivity. This step is mostly based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) but also includes other approaches (dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), buckypaper, SPE using multicartridges, etc.). In this review article, we aim to discuss the procedures employed to extract PPCPs from any type of water sample prior to their determination via an instrumental analytical technique. Furthermore, we put forward not only the merits of the different methods available but also a number of inconsistencies, divergences, weaknesses and disadvantages of the procedures found in literature, as well as the systems proposed to overcome them and to improve the methodology. Environmental applications of the developed techniques are also discussed. The pressing need for new analytical innovations, emerging trends and future prospects was also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Sadutto
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group, Desertification Research Centre—CIDE (CSIC-UV-GV), University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), Moncada-Naquera Road, Km 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Spain
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group, Desertification Research Centre—CIDE (CSIC-UV-GV), University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), Moncada-Naquera Road, Km 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Spain
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A green air assisted-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of a novel low viscous ternary deep eutectic solvent for the enrichment of endocrine disrupting compounds from water. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1629:461498. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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