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Kiedrzyński M, Zielińska KM, Jedrzejczyk I, Kiedrzyńska E, Tomczyk PP, Rewicz A, Rewers M, Indreica A, Bednarska I, Stupar V, Roleček J, Šmarda P. Tetraploids expanded beyond the mountain niche of their diploid ancestors in the mixed-ploidy grass Festuca amethystina L. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18735. [PMID: 34548532 PMCID: PMC8455632 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97767-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One promising area in understanding the responses of plants to ongoing global climate change is the adaptative effect of polyploidy. This work examines whether there is a coupling between the distribution of cytotypes and their biogeographical niche, and how different niches will affect their potential range. The study uses a range of techniques including flow cytometry, gradient and niche analysis, as well as distribution modelling. In addition, climatic, edaphic and habitat data was used to analyse environmental patterns and potential ranges of cytotypes in the first wide-range study of Festuca amethystina-a mixed-ploidy mountain grass. The populations were found to be ploidy homogeneous and demonstrate a parapatric pattern of cytotype distribution. Potential contact zones have been identified. The tetraploids have a geographically broader distribution than diploids; they also tend to occur at lower altitudes and grow in more diverse climates, geological units and habitats. Moreover, tetraploids have a more extensive potential range, being six-fold larger than diploids. Montane pine forests were found to be a focal environment suitable for both cytotypes, which has a central place in the environmental space of the whole species. Our findings present polyploidy as a visible driver of geographical, ecological and adaptive variation within the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Kiedrzyński
- grid.10789.370000 0000 9730 2769Department of Biogeography, Paleoecology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna M. Zielińska
- grid.10789.370000 0000 9730 2769Department of Geobotany and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Iwona Jedrzejczyk
- grid.466210.70000 0004 4673 5993Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cytometry, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Edyta Kiedrzyńska
- grid.460361.60000 0004 4673 0316European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland ,grid.10789.370000 0000 9730 2769UNESCO Chair on Ecohydrology and Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemysław P. Tomczyk
- grid.10789.370000 0000 9730 2769Department of Biogeography, Paleoecology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland ,grid.460361.60000 0004 4673 0316European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rewicz
- grid.10789.370000 0000 9730 2769Department of Biogeography, Paleoecology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Rewers
- grid.466210.70000 0004 4673 5993Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cytometry, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Adrian Indreica
- grid.5120.60000 0001 2159 8361Department of Silviculture, Transilvania University of Brasov
, Brasov, Romania
| | - Iryna Bednarska
- Department of Nature Ecosystems Protection, Institute of Ecology of the Carpathians NASU, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir Stupar
- grid.35306.330000 0000 9971 9023Faculty of Forestry, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jan Roleček
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic ,grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316Department of Paleoecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šmarda
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Zielińska KM, Kaźmierczak A, Michalska E. Short-term cell death in tissues of Pulsatilla vernalis seeds from natural and ex situ conserved populations. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16840. [PMID: 34413338 PMCID: PMC8376884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95668-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsatilla vernalis is a IUCN listed species that occurs in mountain and lowland habitats. The seeds collected from different populations are remarkably diverse in their viability depending on locality or year of collection. We aim to analyse seed viability, among others, by investigation of the percentage of alive, dying, and dead cells in embryos and endosperm when comparing the seeds from a wild lowland population and ex situ cultivation of plants of lowland and Alpine origin. The cell death was detected by staining with two fluorescence probes, one penetrating only the changed nuclear membranes, the other penetrating also the unchanged cells. 54.5% of Alpine origin seeds were presumably capable of germination if they were sown after collection, however, four months later only 36.4% had healthy embryos. In the case of lowland wild plants it was 31.8% and 18.2%, and from ex situ, 27.3% and 13.6%, respectively. 27.3% of Alpine origin seeds had embryo in torpedo stage (9.1% in the case of lowland seeds). Mean weight of the former was 2.9 mg (2.0 mg in lowland ones). Our results confirm the significance of seed origin and seed weight on viability, and that Pulsatilla seeds have a short ‘germination time window’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna M Zielińska
- Department of Geobotany and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha Str. 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Kaźmierczak
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha Str. 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Michalska
- Department of Geobotany and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha Str. 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
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Occurrence of favorable local habitat conditions in an atypical landscape: Evidence of Japanese pika microrefugia. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Garfì G, Carimi F, Fazan L, Gristina AS, Kozlowski G, Livreri Console S, Motisi A, Pasta S. From glacial refugia to hydrological microrefugia: Factors and processes driving the persistence of the climate relict tree Zelkova sicula. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:2919-2936. [PMID: 33767847 PMCID: PMC7981228 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
With only two tiny populations, the climate relict Zelkova sicula (Sicily, Italy) is one of the rarest trees in the world. It also represents the most marginal member of genus Zelkova that was widespread in the broadleaved forests thriving in warm-temperate climates throughout Eurasia until the Last Glacial Age. Occurring at the westernmost range of the genus under typical Mediterranean climate, the micro-topographic settings have always appeared crucial for the survival of this relict. However, the factors and processes actually involved in its persistence in the current refugia, as well as the response of similar relict trees in arid environments, are poorly understood worldwide. In the aim to elucidate these aspects, in the two sites hosting Z. sicula analyses of topographical attributes were combined with investigations on soil moisture dynamics. Additionally, plants' growth and spatial distribution patterns were analyzed to detect fine-scale differences between populations and assess the possible ecological amplitude of the species. Results revealed that convergent topographies are basic determinants of microrefugia in arid environments. Within the investigated sites, underground moisture never decreases below 25%, buffering seasonal rainfall fluctuations. Therefore, hydrological microrefugia play a key role in decoupling from regional climate, supporting the target species in coping with an unsuitable climatic envelope. Additionally, the inter-population variability of biometric attributes showed that individual growth is site-dependent and the species retains a relative ecological plasticity, whereas the strongly clumped spatial patterns confirmed the common clonal growth. On one hand, deeply incised landforms have acted as effective hydrologic microrefugia, on the other clonality coupled with triploidy supposedly improved the resistance of Z. sicula to harsh environments, though entailing inability to reproduce sexually. Most likely, sterility and environmental/physical barriers that have existed for millennia have prevented this relict from leaving the last suitable microrefugia, resulting in the two current rear edge populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Garfì
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources – CNRPalermoItaly
| | | | - Laurence Fazan
- Department of Biology and Botanical GardenUniversity of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
| | | | - Gregor Kozlowski
- Department of Biology and Botanical GardenUniversity of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
- Natural History Museum FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research CenterChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai Chenshan Botanical GardenSongjiangChina
| | | | - Antonio Motisi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources – CNRPalermoItaly
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Greiser C, Ehrlén J, Meineri E, Hylander K. Hiding from the climate: Characterizing microrefugia for boreal forest understory species. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:471-483. [PMID: 31833152 PMCID: PMC7027894 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming is likely to shift the range margins of species poleward, but fine-scale temperature differences near the ground (microclimates) may modify these range shifts. For example, cold-adapted species may survive in microrefugia when the climate gets warmer. However, it is still largely unknown to what extent cold microclimates govern the local persistence of populations at their warm range margin. We located 99 microrefugia, defined as sites with edge populations of 12 widespread boreal forest understory species (vascular plants, mosses, liverworts and lichens) in an area of ca. 24,000 km2 along the species' southern range margin in central Sweden. Within each population, a logger measured temperature eight times per day during one full year. Using univariate and multivariate analyses, we examined the differences of the populations' microclimates with the mean and range of microclimates in the landscape, and identified the typical climate, vegetation and topographic features of these habitats. Comparison sites were drawn from another logger data set (n = 110), and from high-resolution microclimate maps. The microrefugia were mainly places characterized by lower summer and autumn maximum temperatures, late snow melt dates and high climate stability. Microrefugia also had higher forest basal area and lower solar radiation in spring and autumn than the landscape average. Although there were common trends across northern species in how microrefugia differed from the landscape average, there were also interspecific differences and some species contributed more than others to the overall results. Our findings provide biologically meaningful criteria to locate and spatially predict potential climate microrefugia in the boreal forest. This opens up the opportunity to protect valuable sites, and adapt forest management, for example, by keeping old-growth forests at topographically shaded sites. These measures may help to mitigate the loss of genetic and species diversity caused by rear-edge contractions in a warmer climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Greiser
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant SciencesStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Johan Ehrlén
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant SciencesStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Eric Meineri
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant SciencesStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- CNRSIRDIMBEAix Marseille University, University of AvignonMarseilleFrance
| | - Kristoffer Hylander
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant SciencesStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
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