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Environmentally driven phenotypic convergence and niche conservatism accompany speciation in hoary bats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21877. [PMID: 36536003 PMCID: PMC9763480 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Species that are geographically widespread may exist across environmentally heterogeneous landscapes that could influence patterns of occupation and phylogeographic structure. Previous studies have suggested that geographic range size should be positively correlated with niche breadth, allowing widespread species to sustain viable populations over diverse environmental gradients. We examined the congruence of phenotypic and phylogenetic divergence with the environmental factors that help maintain species level diversity in the geographically widespread hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus sensu lato) across their distribution. Genetic sequences were analyzed using multiple phylogenetic and species delimitation methods, and phenotypic data were analyzed using supervised and unsupervised machine learning approaches. Spatial data from environmental, geographic, and topographic features were analyzed in a multiple regression analysis to determine their relative effect on phenotypic diversity. Ecological niches of each hoary bat species were examined in environmental space to quantify niche overlap, equivalency, and the magnitude of niche differentiation. Phylogenetic and species delimitation analyses support existence of three geographically structured species of hoary bat, each of which is phenotypically distinct. However, the Hawaiian hoary bat is morphologically more similar to the South American species than to the North American species despite a closer phylogenetic relationship to the latter. Multiple regression and niche analyses revealed higher environmental similarities between the South American and Hawaiian species. Hoary bats thus exhibit a pattern of phenotypic variation that disagrees with well-supported genetic divergences, instead indicating phenotypic convergence driven by similar environmental features and relatively conserved niches occupied in tropical latitudes.
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Diversification of Amazonian spiny tree rats in genus Makalata (Rodentia, Echimyidae): Cryptic diversity, geographic structure and drivers of speciation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276475. [PMID: 36520936 PMCID: PMC9754209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amazonian mammal diversity is exceptionally high, yet new taxonomic discoveries continue to be made and many questions remain for understanding its diversification through time and space. Here we investigate the diversification of spiny rats in the genus Makalata, whose species are strongly associated with seasonally flooded forests, watercourses and flooded islands. We use a biogeographical approach based on a mitochondrial cytochrome b gene through divergence time estimation and reconstruction of ancestral areas and events. Our findings indicate an ancient origin of Makalata for the Guiana Shield and Eastern Amazonia as ancestral area. A first cladogenetic event led to a phylogeographic break into two broader clades of Makalata through dispersal, implying a pattern of western/Eastern Amazonian clades coinciding with the Purus Arch (middle Miocene). Most of subclades we infer originated between the late Pliocene to the early Pleistocene, with few recent exceptions in the early Pliocene through dispersal and vicariant events. The hypothesis of rivers as dispersal barriers is not corroborated for Makalata, as expected for mammalian species associated with seasonally flooded environments. We identify two key events for the expansion and diversification of Makalata species: the presence of geologically stable areas in the Guiana and Brazilian shields and the transition from lacustrine conditions in western Amazonia (Acre system) to a river system, with the establishment of the Amazon River transcontinental system and its tributaries. Our results are congruent with older geological scenarios for the Amazon basin formation (Miocene), but we do not discard the influence of recent dynamics on some speciation events and, mainly, on phylogeographic structuring processes.
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Fegies AC, Carmignotto AP, Perez MF, Guilardi MD, Lessinger AC. Molecular Phylogeny of Cryptonanus (Didelphidae: Thylamyini): Evidence for a recent and complex diversification in South American open biomes. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 162:107213. [PMID: 34029717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Systematic revisions of South American marsupials have contributed to our knowledge about genus and species diversity in the last decades, including studies of the most recently described genus Cryptonanus (Didelphidae), currently comprising four recognized species. Herein we provide the first phylogeny for these mouse opossums based on comprehensive sampling, including representatives from all nominal taxa, encompassing most of the geographic distribution of the genus while also extending its known range. The taxonomic status of Cryptonanus species was explored by analyses of multiple mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers to assess phylogenetic relationships and to provide divergence time estimates, species delimitations and biogeographical hypotheses. Cryptonanus monophyly remained highly supported despite the inclusion of abundant new data from more than a hundred specimens, comprising 10 independent evolutionary lineages. Species-complexes within valid nominal taxa reveal higher species richness in the genus. Based on divergence estimates from a dated phylogeny, we suggest that Cryptonanus diversified along the Quaternary, with speciation events occurring well into the Pleistocene. The best supported biogeographical hypothesis endorses speciation by vicariance and subset speciation across open formations in shaping the evolutionary history of this didelphid genus, strongly associated with dry tropical landscapes of South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cláudia Fegies
- Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus Sorocaba, Av. Três de Março 511, Sorocaba, São Paulo CEP 18087-180, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Carmignotto
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Sorocaba, São Paulo CEP 18052-780, Brazil.
| | - Manolo Fernandez Perez
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo CEP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Mariana Dias Guilardi
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brazil 1500, São Paulo, São Paulo CEP 05503-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Lessinger
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Sorocaba, São Paulo CEP 18052-780, Brazil.
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Machado AF, Ritter CD, Miranda CL, Bredin YK, Ramos Pereira MJ, Duarte L. Potential mammalian species for investigating the past connections between Amazonia and the Atlantic Forest. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250016. [PMID: 33836018 PMCID: PMC8034742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Much evidence suggests that Amazonia and the Atlantic Forest were connected through at least three dispersion routes in the past: the Eastern route, the central route, and the Western route. However, few studies have assessed the use of these routes based on multiple species. Here we present a compilation of mammal species that potentially have dispersed between the two forest regions and which may serve to investigate these connections. We evaluate the present-day geographic distributions of mammals occurring in both Amazonia and the Atlantic Forest and the likely connective routes between these forests. We classified the species per habitat occupancy (strict forest specialists, species that prefer forest habitat, or generalists) and compiled the genetic data available for each species. We found 127 mammalian species presently occurring in both Amazonia and the Atlantic Forest for which, substantial genetic data was available. Hence, highlighting their potential for phylogeographic studies investigating the past connections between the two forests. Differently from what was previously proposed, the present-day geographic distribution of mammal species found in both Amazonia and the Atlantic Forest points to more species in the eastern portion of the dry diagonal (and adjoining forested habitats). The Central route was associated with the second most species. Although it remains to be seen how this present-day geography reflects the paleo dispersal routes, our results show the potential of using mammal species to investigate and bring new insights about the past connections between Amazonia and the Atlantic Forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielli Fabrício Machado
- Phylogenetic and Functional Ecology Lab (LEFF), Post-Graduation Programme in Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal (LEGAL), Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Camila Duarte Ritter
- Eukaryotic Microbiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Grupo Integrado de Aquicultura e Estudos Ambientais, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cleuton Lima Miranda
- Post-Graduation Program in Zoology, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal (LEGAL), Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Yennie Katarina Bredin
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Maria João Ramos Pereira
- Bird and Mammal Evolution, Systematics and Ecology Lab (BiMa-Lab), Post-Graduation Programme in Animal Biology and Post-Graduation Programme in Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leandro Duarte
- Phylogenetic and Functional Ecology Lab (LEFF), Post-Graduation Programme in Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Pinotti JD, Ferreiro AM, Martin ML, Levis S, Chiappero M, Andreo V, González‐Ittig RE. Multiple refugia and glacial expansions in the Tucumane–Bolivian Yungas: The phylogeography and potential distribution modeling of Calomys fecundus(Thomas, 1926) (Rodentia: Cricetidae). J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Diego Pinotti
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA) CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
| | - Alejandro Manuel Ferreiro
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA) CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
| | - Maria Laura Martin
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. Julio I. Maiztegui Pergamino Argentina
| | - Silvana Levis
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. Julio I. Maiztegui Pergamino Argentina
| | - Marina Chiappero
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA) CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
- Cátedra de Genética de Poblaciones y Evolución Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales UNC Córdoba Argentina
| | - Verónica Andreo
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical CONICET Puerto Iguazú Argentina
| | - Raúl Enrique González‐Ittig
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA) CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
- Cátedra de Genética de Poblaciones y Evolución Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales UNC Córdoba Argentina
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Ferrer‐Sánchez Y, Rodríguez‐Estrella R, Martínez‐Morales MÁ. Improving conservation strategies of raptors through landscape ecology analysis: The case of the endemic Cuban Black Hawk. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:13808-13823. [PMID: 31938483 PMCID: PMC6953671 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Raptor species conservation should consider a landscape perspective in order to include habitat requirements associated to large home ranges around nesting sites. Landscape analysis can help to better understand raptor habitat requirements and the degree of tolerance to habitat changes at different scales.We used a landscape ecology perspective to determine the nesting habitat selection of endemic and endangered Cuban Black Hawk, and using ecological niche modeling, we obtained the potential distribution of nests to evaluate the effectiveness of protected areas (PAs) for raptor conservation.Nesting habitat selection was related to breeding success at a landscape scale using data from 27 different nesting sites during 2012-2013 breeding seasons. The potential nesting areas distribution was compared with current officially PAs design in the central region of Cuba.All nests were located in mangrove swamp. Pairs chose nesting sites with low soil-vegetation moisture and low soil reflectance. At the landscape level, they selected low shape complexity of patches and few patches of coastal vegetation around nesting sites which contained similar mangrove patch size and shape. The potential distribution of nests increased close to the coastline. The model predicted a suitable narrow area of 556 km2, and the most favorable nesting area represented 2% of this total. 33% of nests were located within officially natural protected areas while 27% were close to or inside highly threatened areas. A 16% of high to medium suitable nesting habitat overlaps with urban areas. Currently, PAs contain 23% of the nesting area distribution.Our study shows landscape ecology and nest-site selection approach is crucial to evaluate the persistence of Cuban Black Hawk, as environmental variables and human activity can be related to its productivity. This approach can be applied in conservation strategies of island raptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarelys Ferrer‐Sánchez
- Universidad Técnica Estatal de QuevedoQuevedoLos RíosEcuador
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del NoroesteLa PazBaja California SurMéxico
| | - Ricardo Rodríguez‐Estrella
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del NoroesteLa PazBaja California SurMéxico
- School of Natural Resources and the EnvironmentUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez‐Morales
- Departamento de Conservación de la BiodiversidadUnidad San CristóbalEl Colegio de la Frontera SurSan Cristóbal de las CasasChiapasMéxico
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Reis CA, Dias C, Araripe J, Aleixo A, Anciães M, Sampaio I, Schneider H, Rêgo PS. Multilocus data of a manakin species reveal cryptic diversification moulded by vicariance. ZOOL SCR 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Alves Reis
- Curso de Pós‐Graduação em Zoologia Universidade Federal do ParáMuseu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Belém Brazil
| | - Cleyssian Dias
- Curso de Pós‐Graduação em Zoologia Universidade Federal do ParáMuseu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Belém Brazil
| | - Juliana Araripe
- Instituto de Estudos Costeiros Universidade Federal do Pará Bragança Brazil
| | - Alexandre Aleixo
- Finnish Museum of Natural History University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Marina Anciães
- Laboratório de Evolução e Comportamento Animal COBIO Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Brazil
| | - Iracilda Sampaio
- Instituto de Estudos Costeiros Universidade Federal do Pará Bragança Brazil
| | - Horacio Schneider
- Instituto de Estudos Costeiros Universidade Federal do Pará Bragança Brazil
| | - Péricles Sena Rêgo
- Instituto de Estudos Costeiros Universidade Federal do Pará Bragança Brazil
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