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Almeida J, Lima ARA, Faria AM, Lopes AR. Sand smelt larvae's resilience to hypoxia and implications for thermal tolerance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:174969. [PMID: 39117224 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Deoxygenation is a growing threat to marine ecosystems, with an increase in the frequency, extent and intensity of hypoxia events in recent decades. These phenomena will pose various challenges to marine species, as it affects their survival, growth, body condition, metabolism and ability to handle other environmental stressors, such as temperature. Early life stages are particularly vulnerable to these changes. Thus, it is crucial to understand how these initial phases will respond to hypoxia to predict the impacts on marine populations and ecosystems. In this work, we aimed to evaluate the effect of oxygen (O2) availability on fitness related traits (mortality, growth and body condition), metabolism (Routine metabolic rates [RMR]) and thermal tolerance (CTmax), in early stages of Atherina presbyter, exposed for two weeks, to two O2 levels: normoxia (6.5-7.2 mg L-1) and hypoxia (2-2.5 mg L-1), through an experiment setup. Our findings showed that while low oxygen levels did not negatively impact mortality, total length, weight, or body condition (Fulton K), the larvae undergo metabolic depression when exposed to hypoxia, as an energy conservation mechanism. Furthermore, CTmax suffered a significant reduction in low O2 availability, due to the inability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to fulfill energy demands. These outcomes suggest that although early life stages of Atherina presbyter can survive under low oxygen environments, they are less capable of dealing with sudden increases in temperature when oxygen is scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Almeida
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, 1149 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - André R A Lima
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, 1149 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Faria
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, 1149 Lisbon, Portugal; CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Lopes
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
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Lima ARA, Lopes AR, Martins-Cardoso S, Moutinho AB, Lemos MFL, Novais SC, Faria AM. Integrated behavioural and physiological responses of sand smelt larvae to the effects of warming and hypoxia as combined stressors. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 199:106609. [PMID: 38878347 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Forecasts indicate that rising temperatures towards the future and the expansion of dead zones will change environmental suitability for fish early stages. Therefore, we assessed the chronic effects of warming (26 °C), hypoxia (<2-2.5 mg L-1) or their combination on mortality rate, growth, behaviour, energy metabolism and oxidative stress using Atherina presbyter larvae as a model species. There were no differences between the treatments in terms of mortality rate. The combination of warming and hypoxia induced faster loss of body mass (+22.7%). Warming, hypoxia or their combination enhanced boldness (+14.7-25.4%), but decreased exploration (-95%-121%), increased the time in frozen state (+60.6-80.5%) and depleted swimming speed (-45.6-50.5%). Moreover, routine metabolic rate was depleted under hypoxia or under the combination of warming and hypoxia (-56.6 and 57.2%, respectively). Under hypoxia, increased catalase activity (+56.3%) indicates some level of antioxidant defence capacity, although increased DNA damage (+25.2%) has also been observed. Larvae also exhibited a great capacity to maintain the anaerobic metabolism stable in all situations, but the aerobic metabolism is enhanced (+19.3%) when exposed to the combination of both stressors. The integrative approach showed that changes in most target responses can be explained physiologically by oxidative stress responses. Increased oxidative damages (lipid peroxidation and DNA damage) and increased interaction between antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) are associated to increased time in frozen state and decreased swimming activity, growth rates and boldness. Under all stressful situations, larvae reduced energy-consuming behaviours (e.g. depleted exploration and swimming activity) likely to stabilize or compensate for the aerobic and anaerobic metabolisms. Despite being an active small pelagic fish, we concluded that the sensitive larval phase exhibited complex coping strategies to physiologically acclimate under thermal and hypoxic stress via behavioural responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- André R A Lima
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET-Aquatic Research Network Associate Laboratory, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, 1149-041, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Ana Rita Lopes
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET-Aquatic Research Network Associate Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-013, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Martins-Cardoso
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET-Aquatic Research Network Associate Laboratory, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, 1149-041, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ariana B Moutinho
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET-Aquatic Research Network Associate Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Marco F L Lemos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET-Aquatic Research Network Associate Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Sara C Novais
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET-Aquatic Research Network Associate Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Ana M Faria
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET-Aquatic Research Network Associate Laboratory, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, 1149-041, Lisbon, Portugal
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Zhao C, Song Y, Zhang G, Zhang K, Yin S, Ji J. Multi-omics analysis identifies sex-specific hepatic protein-metabolite networks in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) exposed to chronic hypoxia. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131892. [PMID: 38677698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxia disrupts the endocrine system of teleosts. The liver plays important roles in the endocrine system, energy storage, and metabolic processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the sex-specific hepatic response of yellow catfish under chronic hypoxia at the multi-omics level. Common hepatic responses in both sexes included the HIF-1 signaling pathway, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and steroid biosynthesis. Hypoxia dysregulated primary bile acid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and vitellogenin levels in female fish. Endoplasmic reticulum function in females also tended to be disrupted by hypoxia, as evidenced by significantly enriched pathways, including ribosome, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, and RNA degradation. Other pathways, including the TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and Parkinson's and Huntington's disease, were highly enriched by hypoxia in male fish, suggesting that mitochondrial function was dysregulated. In both sexes of yellow catfish, the cell cycle was arrested and apoptosis was inhibited under chronic hypoxia. Multi-omics suggested that SLC2A5, CD209, LGMN, and NEDD8 served as sex-specific markers in these fish under chronic hypoxia. Our results provide insights into hepatic adaptation to chronic hypoxia and facilitate our understanding of sex-specific responses in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhao
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lian Yungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yufeng Song
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guosong Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lian Yungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaowu Yin
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lian Yungang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jie Ji
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lian Yungang, Jiangsu, China.
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Perelló-Amorós M, Fernández-Borràs J, Yu S, Sánchez-Moya A, García de la serrana D, Gutiérrez J, Blasco J. Improving the Aerobic Capacity in Fingerlings of European Sea Bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax) through Moderate and Sustained Exercise: A Metabolic Approach. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:274. [PMID: 38254443 PMCID: PMC10812480 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Sustained swimming induces beneficial effects on growth and energy metabolism in some fish species. However, the absence of a standardized exercise regimen that guarantees an optimal response to physical activity is due to the anatomical, behavioral, and physiological differences among species, and the different conditions of tests applied, which are especially notable for the early stages of cultured species. The objective of this study was to assess the growth and metabolic responses of European sea bass submitted to continuous and moderate exercise exposure, selecting a practical swimming speed from swimming tests of groups of five fingerlings. The exercise-effects trial was carried out with 600 sea bass fingerlings (3-5 g body weight) distributed in two groups (control: voluntary swimming; exercised: under sustained swimming at 1.5 body lengths·s-1). After 6 weeks, growth parameters and proximal composition of both muscles were not altered by sustained swimming, but an increased synthetic capacity (increased RNA/DNA ratio) and more efficient use of proteins (decreased ΔN15) were observed in white muscle. The gene expression of mitochondrial proteins in white and red muscle was not affected by exercise, except for ucp3, which increased. The increase of UCP3 and Cox4 protein expression, as well as the higher COX/CS ratio of enzyme activity in white muscle, pointed out an enhanced oxidative capacity in this tissue during sustained swimming. In the protein expression of red muscle, only CS increased. All these metabolic adaptations to sustained exercise were also reflected in an enhanced maximum metabolic rate (MMR) with higher aerobic scope (AMS) of exercised fish in comparison to the non-trained fish, during a swimming test. These results demonstrated that moderate sustained swimming applied to sea bass fingerlings can improve the physical fitness of individuals through the enhancement of their aerobic capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Josefina Blasco
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.P.-A.); (J.F.-B.); (S.Y.); (A.S.-M.); (D.G.d.l.s.); (J.G.)
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Lima ARA, Booms EM, Lopes AR, Martins-Cardoso S, Novais SC, Lemos MFL, Ribeiro L, Castanho S, Candeias-Mendes A, Pousão-Ferreira P, Faria AM. Early life stage mechanisms of an active fish species to cope with ocean warming and hypoxia as interacting stressors. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122989. [PMID: 37984477 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Ocean's characteristics are rapidly changing, modifying environmental suitability for early life stages of fish. We assessed whether the chronic effects of warming (24 °C) and hypoxia (<2-2.5 mg L-1) will be amplified by the combination of these stressors on mortality, growth, behaviour, metabolism and oxidative stress of early stages of the white seabream Diplodus sargus. Combined warming and hypoxia synergistically increased larval mortality by >51%. Warming induced faster growth in length and slower gains in weight when compared to other treatments. Boldness and exploration were not directly affected, but swimming activity increased under all test treatments. Under the combination of warming and hypoxia, routine metabolic rate (RMR) significantly decreases when compared to other treatments and shows a negative thermal dependence. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities increased under warming and were maintained similar to control levels under hypoxia or under combined stressors. Under hypoxia, the enzymatic activities were not enough to prevent oxidative damages as lipid peroxidation and DNA damage increased above control levels. Hypoxia reduced electron transport system activity (cellular respiration) and isocitrate dehydrogenase activity (aerobic metabolism) below control levels. However, lactate dehydrogenase activity (anaerobic metabolism) did not differ among treatments. A Redundancy Analysis showed that ∼99% of the variability in mortality, growth, behaviour and RMR among treatments can be explained by molecular responses. Mortality and growth are highly influenced by oxidative stress and energy metabolism, exhibiting a positive relationship with reactive oxygen species and a negative relationship with aerobic metabolism, regardless of treatment. Under hypoxic condition, RMR, boldness and swimming activity have a positive relationship with anaerobic metabolism regardless of temperature. Thus, seabreams may use anaerobic reliance to counterbalance the effects of the stressors on RMR, activity and growth. The outcomes suggests that early life stages of white seabream overcame the single and combined effects of hypoxia and warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- André R A Lima
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET-Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associate Laboratory, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim Do Tabaco 34, 1149-041, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Emily M Booms
- IMBRSea-The International Master of Science in Marine Biological Resources, Universities Consortium, Ghent University, Krijgslaan, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ana Rita Lopes
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET-Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associate Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-013, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Martins-Cardoso
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET-Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associate Laboratory, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim Do Tabaco 34, 1149-041, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara C Novais
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET-Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associate Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Marco F L Lemos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET-Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associate Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Laura Ribeiro
- Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere - IPMA, Aquaculture Research Station - EPPO, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Sara Castanho
- Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere - IPMA, Aquaculture Research Station - EPPO, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Ana Candeias-Mendes
- Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere - IPMA, Aquaculture Research Station - EPPO, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pousão-Ferreira
- Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere - IPMA, Aquaculture Research Station - EPPO, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Ana M Faria
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET-Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associate Laboratory, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim Do Tabaco 34, 1149-041, Lisbon, Portugal
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Li D, Yang Y, Wang T, Zhang W, Hua S, Ruan Q, Wang X, Zhu C, Meng Z. Liver Transcriptome Shows Differences between Acute Hypoxia-Tolerant and Intolerant Individuals of Greater Amberjack ( Seriola dumerili). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2717. [PMID: 37684981 PMCID: PMC10486600 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute hypoxia is a common abiotic stress in commercial aquaculture and has significant effects on fish physiology and metabolism. Due to its large size and rapid growth, the greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) is an economically important fish with high farming value. This species is intolerant to hypoxia, which makes it susceptible to mass mortality and hinders the progress of amberjack cultivation. Based on a comparative analysis of the liver transcriptome between acute hypoxia-tolerant (HT) and -intolerant (HS) groups, this study first explored the molecular mechanisms of acute hypoxia in greater amberjack. By simulating the acute hypoxic environment and using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), the differences in liver transcriptional changes between the acute hypoxia-tolerant (HT) and hypoxia-intolerant (HS) groups of greater amberjack were probed. Based on differential expression analysis, 829 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened in both groups. Relative to the HS group, 374 DEGs were upregulated and 455 were downregulated in the HT group. Compared with the HS group, genes such as slc2a5 and prkaa2 related to promoting sugar transport and inhibiting lipid syntheses were upregulated, while genes that inhibit gluconeogenesis and promote lipid syntheses, such as pgp and aacs, were downregulated. The expression of odc1 was significantly and relatively downregulated in the HT group, which would lead to the inhibition of intracellular antioxidant activity and decreased scavenging of ROS. The NF-kB pathway was also promoted to some extent in individuals in the HT group relative to the HS group to resist apoptosis. In addition, the relative downregulation of apoptosis and autophagy-related genes, such as endog, hm13, and casp6, was also detected in the HT group. The present findings first reported the regulation mechanism by which liver tissue coped with the acute hypoxia stress in greater amberjack, which will provide important technical support for preventing acute hypoxia-induced death in advance and reducing economic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (D.L.); (Y.Y.); (T.W.); (W.Z.); (S.H.); (Q.R.)
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (D.L.); (Y.Y.); (T.W.); (W.Z.); (S.H.); (Q.R.)
| | - Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (D.L.); (Y.Y.); (T.W.); (W.Z.); (S.H.); (Q.R.)
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (D.L.); (Y.Y.); (T.W.); (W.Z.); (S.H.); (Q.R.)
| | - Sijie Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (D.L.); (Y.Y.); (T.W.); (W.Z.); (S.H.); (Q.R.)
| | - Qingxin Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (D.L.); (Y.Y.); (T.W.); (W.Z.); (S.H.); (Q.R.)
| | - Xi Wang
- Area of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China;
| | - Chunhua Zhu
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish, Species, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China;
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524025, China
| | - Zining Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (D.L.); (Y.Y.); (T.W.); (W.Z.); (S.H.); (Q.R.)
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Targeting the Mild-Hypoxia Driving Force for Metabolic and Muscle Transcriptional Reprogramming of Gilthead Sea Bream ( Sparus aurata) Juveniles. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10050416. [PMID: 34066667 PMCID: PMC8151949 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Reduced oxygen availability generates a number of adaptive features across all the animal kingdom, and the goal of this study was targeting the mild-hypoxia driving force for metabolic and muscle transcriptional reprogramming of gilthead sea bream juveniles. Attention was focused on blood metabolic and muscle transcriptomic landmarks before and after exhaustive exercise. Our results after mild-hypoxia conditioning highlighted an increased contribution of lipid metabolism to whole energy supply to preserve the aerobic energy production, a better swimming performance regardless of changes in feed intake, as well as reduced protein turnover and improved anaerobic fitness with the restoration of normoxia. Abstract On-growing juveniles of gilthead sea bream were acclimated for 45 days to mild-hypoxia (M-HYP, 40–60% O2 saturation), whereas normoxic fish (85–90% O2 saturation) constituted two different groups, depending on if they were fed to visual satiety (control fish) or pair-fed to M-HYP fish. Following the hypoxia conditioning period, all fish were maintained in normoxia and continued to be fed until visual satiation for 3 weeks. The time course of hypoxia-induced changes was assessed by changes in blood metabolic landmarks and muscle transcriptomics before and after exhaustive exercise in a swim tunnel respirometer. In M-HYP fish, our results highlighted a higher contribution of aerobic metabolism to whole energy supply, shifting towards a higher anaerobic fitness following normoxia restoration. Despite these changes in substrate preference, M-HYP fish shared a persistent improvement in swimming performance with a higher critical speed at exercise exhaustion. The machinery of muscle contraction and protein synthesis and breakdown was also largely altered by mild-hypoxia conditioning, contributing this metabolic re-adjustment to the positive regulation of locomotion and to the catch-up growth response during the normoxia recovery period. Altogether, these results reinforce the presence of large phenotypic plasticity in gilthead sea bream, and highlights mild-hypoxia as a promising prophylactic measure to prepare these fish for predictable stressful events.
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Perera E, Rosell-Moll E, Naya-Català F, Simó-Mirabet P, Calduch-Giner J, Pérez-Sánchez J. Effects of genetics and early-life mild hypoxia on size variation in farmed gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:121-133. [PMID: 33188490 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00899-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated, in an 18-month gilthead sea bream trial, the time course effects of genetics on individual size variation and growth compensation processes in families selected by heritable growth in the PROGENSA® breeding program. Families categorized as fast, intermediate, and slow growing had different growth trajectories with a more continuous growth in fast growth families. This feature was coincident with a reduced size variation at the beginning of the trial that clustered together the half-sib families sharing the same father. Regression analysis evidenced that the magnitude of compensatory growth was proportional to the initial size variation with no rescaling of families at this stage. By contrast, the finishing growth depensation process can mask, at least partially, the previous size convergence. This reflects the different contribution across the production cycle of genetics in growth. How early-life experiences affect growth compensation at juvenile stages was also evaluated in a separate cohort, and intriguingly, a first mild-hypoxia pulse at 60-81 days post-hatching (dph) increased survival rates by 10%, preventing growth impairment when fish were exposed to a second hypoxia episode (112-127 dph). The early hypoxia experience did not have a negative impact on growth compensatory processes at juvenile stages. By contrast, a diminished capacity for growth compensation was found with repeated or late hypoxia experiences. All this reinforces the use of size variation as a main criterion for improving intensive fish farming and selective breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Perera
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595, Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Enrique Rosell-Moll
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595, Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Fernando Naya-Català
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595, Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Paula Simó-Mirabet
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595, Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Josep Calduch-Giner
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595, Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Jaume Pérez-Sánchez
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595, Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain.
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Sula E, Aliko V, Barceló D, Faggio C. Combined effects of moderate hypoxia, pesticides and PCBs upon crucian carp fish, Carassius carassius, from a freshwater lake- in situ ecophysiological approach. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 228:105644. [PMID: 33053460 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, depletion of oxygen or hypoxia has become a real concerning problem worldwide in freshwater, marine, and estuarine ecosystems and very often co-occurs with xenobiotics. Even though the acute and severe hypoxia is heavily studied in environment and laboratory studies, the in situ combined effects of these stressors on freshwater lake organisms are poorly understood. The current study sought to understand how the combined effects of moderate hypoxia, pesticides and PCBs affect the biochemistry, physiology and organ morphology of Carassius carassius, residing in the Lake Seferani, Dumrea region (Elbasan, Albania), a natural karst freshwater system declared as Nature Monument situated in central Albania. Crucian carp is used as a model organism, because of its residency and ecological relevance to the Lake, as well as for its amenability for the environmental toxicology studies. For this purpose, blood, liver and kidney samples of fish were processed for hematological, biochemical and histopathological analysis. We found a significant increase of blood glucose (GLU), cortisol levels, hematocrit (PCV) and hemoglobin (Hb) which clearly indicate the presence of stress in fish. Based on the histopathological evaluation and organ index results, liver and kidney organs displayed moderate-to-heavy histological-architecture changes. Our results provide a strong evidence that both, hypoxia and the presence of pesticides and PCB congeners found in Seferani Lake, put a heavy load on C. carassius energy metabolism and endocrine system, leading to an elevation of the biochemical and physiological parameters (hemoglobin level, hematocrit, glucose and cortisol), as well as the histopathological alterations. Additionally, in the presence of moderate hypoxia, the toxic effects of pesticides and PCBs on C. carassius are exacerbated. Further studies are needed to evaluate possible effects of pesticide and PCBs toxicity in human health, since crucian carp has an economic value for the population of the zone and it is used often as food sustenance. Elucidation of these kinds of responses can better improve our understanding of response of highly tolerant species, like Carassius carassius, to multiple stressors interactions, helping us to better predict and manage the consequences of the exposure of the freshwater biota to complex stressors in an environment that changes rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldores Sula
- University "Aldent", Department of Nurse and Physiotherapy, Tirana, Albania.
| | - Valbona Aliko
- University of Tirana, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Tirana, Albania.
| | - Damià Barceló
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Studies IDAEA-CSIC, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- University of Messina, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Messina, Italy.
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10
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Bashevkin SM, Dibble CD, Dunn RP, Hollarsmith JA, Ng G, Satterthwaite EV, Morgan SG. Larval dispersal in a changing ocean with an emphasis on upwelling regions. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M. Bashevkin
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 USA
- Coastal and Marine Sciences Institute and Bodega Marine Laboratory University of California, Davis 2099 Westshore Road, P.O. Box 247 Bodega Bay California 94923 USA
- Delta Science Program Delta Stewardship Council 980 9th Street, Suite 1500 Sacramento California 95814 USA
| | - Connor D. Dibble
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 USA
- Coastal and Marine Sciences Institute and Bodega Marine Laboratory University of California, Davis 2099 Westshore Road, P.O. Box 247 Bodega Bay California 94923 USA
| | - Robert P. Dunn
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 USA
- Coastal and Marine Institute & Department of Biology San Diego State University 4165 Spruance Road San Diego California 92182 USA
| | - Jordan A. Hollarsmith
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 USA
- Coastal and Marine Sciences Institute and Bodega Marine Laboratory University of California, Davis 2099 Westshore Road, P.O. Box 247 Bodega Bay California 94923 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Gabriel Ng
- Coastal and Marine Sciences Institute and Bodega Marine Laboratory University of California, Davis 2099 Westshore Road, P.O. Box 247 Bodega Bay California 94923 USA
- Department of Evolution and Ecology University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 USA
| | - Erin V. Satterthwaite
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 USA
- Coastal and Marine Sciences Institute and Bodega Marine Laboratory University of California, Davis 2099 Westshore Road, P.O. Box 247 Bodega Bay California 94923 USA
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis University of California Santa Barbara 735 State Street, Suite 300 Santa Barbara California USA
- Future Earth School of Global Environmental Sustainability Colorado State University 108 Johnson Drive Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Steven G. Morgan
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 USA
- Coastal and Marine Sciences Institute and Bodega Marine Laboratory University of California, Davis 2099 Westshore Road, P.O. Box 247 Bodega Bay California 94923 USA
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11
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Vagner M, Zambonino-Infante JL, Mazurais D. Fish facing global change: are early stages the lifeline? MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 147:159-178. [PMID: 31027942 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The role of phenotypic plasticity in the acclimation and adaptive potential of an organism to global change is not currently accounted for in prediction models. The high plasticity of marine fishes is mainly attributed to their early stages, during which morphological, structural and behavioural functions are particularly sensitive to environmental constraints. This developmental plasticity can determine later physiological performances and fitness, and may further affect population dynamics and ecosystem functioning. This review asks the essential question of what role early stages play in the ability of fish to later cope with the effects of global change, considering three key environmental factors (temperature, hypoxia and acidification). After having identified the carry-over effects of early exposure reported in the literature, we propose areas that we believe warrant the most urgent attention for further research to better understand the role of developmental plasticity in the responses of marine organisms to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Vagner
- CNRS, UMR 7266 LIENSs, Institut du littoral et de l'environnement, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000, La Rochelle, France.
| | | | - David Mazurais
- Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR, ZI pointe du diable, 29280, Plouzané, France
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12
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Sun S, Guo Z, Fu H, Zhu J, Ge X. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis of brain energy metabolism in the male Oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) in response to hypoxia and reoxygenation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:1154-1165. [PMID: 30261455 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is as an endocrine disruptor, and, in crustaceans, the energy metabolic consequences of hypoxia in the brain tissue are still poorly understood. We combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomic analysis and high-throughput RNA sequencing to evaluate the metabolic effects and subjacent regulatory pathways in the brain tissue of the male Oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) in response to hypoxia and reoxygenation. We recorded LC50 and heartbeats per minute of male M. nipponense juveniles. Hypoxia resulted in the generation of reactive oxygen species in the brain cells and alterations in gene expression and metabolite concentrations in the prawn brain tissue in a time-dependent manner. The transcriptomic analyses revealed specific changes in the expression of genes associated with metabolism pathways, which was consistent with the changes in energy metabolism indicated by the GC-MS metabolomic analysis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot confirmed the transcriptional induction of these genes because of hypoxia. The lactate levels increased significantly during hypoxia and decreased to normal after reoxygenation; this is consistent with a shift towards anaerobic metabolism, which may cause metabolic abnormalities in the brain tissue of M. nipponense. Overall, these results are consistent with metabolic disruption in the brain of M. nipponense exposed to hypoxia and will help in understanding how crustacean brain tissue adapts and responds to hypoxia and reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, PR China
| | - Zhongbao Guo
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning City, Guangxi Province 530021, PR China
| | - Hongtuo Fu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, PR China.
| | - Jian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, PR China
| | - Xianping Ge
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, PR China
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13
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Cadiz L, Ernande B, Quazuguel P, Servili A, Zambonino-Infante JL, Mazurais D. Moderate hypoxia but not warming conditions at larval stage induces adverse carry-over effects on hypoxia tolerance of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 138:28-35. [PMID: 29628391 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Environmental conditions, to which organisms are exposed during all their life, may cause possible adaptive responses with consequences in their subsequent life-history trajectory. The objective of this study was to investigate whether ecologically relevant combinations of hypoxia (40% and 100% air saturation) and temperature (15° and 20 °C), occurring during the larval period of European sea bass larvae (Dicentrarchus labrax), could have long-lasting impacts on the physiology of resulting juveniles. Hypoxic challenge tests were performed over one year to give an integrative evaluation of physiological performance. We revealed that juvenile performance was negatively impacted by hypoxia but not by the thermal conditions experienced at larval stage. This impact was related to the prevalence of opercular abnormalities. The present study indicates that exposure to a moderate hypoxia event during larval stage may have adverse carry-over effects, which could compromise fitness and population recruitment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cadiz
- IFREMER, Centre de Bretagne, LEMAR (UMR 6539), 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Bruno Ernande
- IFREMER, Centre Manche Mer du Nord, 62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Patrick Quazuguel
- IFREMER, Centre de Bretagne, LEMAR (UMR 6539), 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Arianna Servili
- IFREMER, Centre de Bretagne, LEMAR (UMR 6539), 29280 Plouzané, France
| | | | - David Mazurais
- IFREMER, Centre de Bretagne, LEMAR (UMR 6539), 29280 Plouzané, France.
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14
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Mu J, Chernick M, Dong W, Di Giulio RT, Hinton DE. Early life co-exposures to a real-world PAH mixture and hypoxia result in later life and next generation consequences in medaka (Oryzias latipes). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 190:162-173. [PMID: 28728047 PMCID: PMC5584607 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Acute effects of individual and complex mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are well documented in vertebrate species. Hypoxia in fish reduces metabolic rate and reproduction. However, less is known about the later life consequences stemming from early-life exposure to PAHs or hypoxia, particularly their co-exposure. To address this, medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos were exposed to a complex PAH mixture sediment extract from the Elizabeth River, VA (ERSE) at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, or 1.0% or to one of three different hypoxia scenarios: continuous, nocturnal, or late stage embryogenesis hypoxia. Co-exposures with 0.1% ERSE and each of the hypoxia scenarios were conducted. Results included decreased survival with ERSE, hatching delays with hypoxia, and higher occurrences of deformities with each. The continuous hypoxia scenario caused the most significant changes in all endpoints. These early-life exposures altered later-life growth, impaired reproductive capacity, and reduced the quality of their offspring. ERSE alone resulted in a female-biased sex ratio while continuous or nocturnal hypoxia produced significantly greater numbers of males; and co-exposure produced an equal sex ratio. Exposure to a PAH mixture and hypoxia during early life stages has meaningful later-life and next generational consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Mu
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (SOA), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Melissa Chernick
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wu Dong
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities/Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Tongliao, China
| | | | - David E Hinton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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15
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Cadiz L, Servili A, Quazuguel P, Madec L, Zambonino-Infante JL, Mazurais D. Early exposure to chronic hypoxia induces short- and long-term regulation of hemoglobin gene expression in European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [PMID: 28646037 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.160713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) inhabits coastal waters and may be exposed to hypoxia at different life stages, requiring physiological and behavioral adaptation. In the present study, we attempted to determine whether regulation of hemoglobin (Hb) gene expression plays a role in the physiological response to chronic moderate hypoxia in whole larvae and hematopoietic tissues (head kidney and spleen) of juveniles. We also tested the hypothesis that hypoxia exposure at the larval stage could induce a long-term effect on the regulation of Hb gene expression. For this purpose, D. labrax were exposed to a non-lethal hypoxic condition (40% air saturation) at the larval stage from 28 to 50 days post-hatching (dph) and/or at the juvenile stage from 196 to 296 dph. Data obtained from larvae indicate that hypoxia induced a subtype-specific regulation of Hb gene expression, with a significant decrease of MN-Hbα3, MN-Hbβ4 and MN-Hbβ5 and increase of MN-Hbα2, LA-Hbα1 and LA-Hbβ1 transcript levels. Hypoxia did not induce regulation of Hb gene expression in juveniles, except in the head kidney for those that experienced hypoxia at the larval stage. The latter exhibited a significant hypoxia-induced stimulation of MN-Hbα2, LA-Hbα1 and LA-Hbβ1 gene expression, associated with stimulation of the PHD-3 gene involved in the hypoxia-inducible factor oxygen-sensing pathway. We conclude that subtype- and stage-specific regulation of Hb gene expression plays a role in the physiological response of D. labrax to cope with hypoxia and that early exposure to low oxygen concentration has a long-term effect on this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cadiz
- Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, IFREMER, Centre de Bretagne, LEMAR (UMR 6539), 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Arianna Servili
- Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, IFREMER, Centre de Bretagne, LEMAR (UMR 6539), 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Patrick Quazuguel
- Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, IFREMER, Centre de Bretagne, LEMAR (UMR 6539), 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Lauriane Madec
- Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, IFREMER, Centre de Bretagne, LEMAR (UMR 6539), 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - José-Luis Zambonino-Infante
- Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, IFREMER, Centre de Bretagne, LEMAR (UMR 6539), 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - David Mazurais
- Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, IFREMER, Centre de Bretagne, LEMAR (UMR 6539), 29280 Plouzané, France
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16
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Almeida LZ, Guffey SC, Sepúlveda MS, Höök TO. Behavioral and physiological responses of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) to moderate hypoxia. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 209:47-55. [PMID: 28434794 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
While severe hypoxia can be lethal and is usually avoided by mobile aquatic organisms, moderate hypoxic conditions are likely more prevalent and may affect organisms, such as fishes, in a variety of systems. However, fishes have the potential to adjust physiologically and behaviorally and thus reduce the negative effects of hypoxia. Quantifying such physiological responses may shed light on the ability of fishes to tolerate reduced oxygen concentrations. This study assessed how two different hatchery populations of yellow perch Perca flavescens, a fish that is likely to encounter moderate hypoxic conditions in a variety of systems, responded to moderate hypoxic exposure through three experiments: 1) a behavioral foraging experiment, 2) an acute exposure experiment, and 3) a chronic exposure experiment. No marked behavioral or physiological adjustments were observed in response to hypoxia (e.g., hemoglobin, feeding rate, movement frequency, gene expression did not change to a significant degree), possibly indicating a high tolerance level in this species. This may allow yellow perch to utilize areas of moderate hypoxia to continue foraging while avoiding predators that may be more sensitive to moderately low oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zoe Almeida
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2033, USA; Ecological Sciences and Engineering Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Purdue University, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2033, USA.
| | - Samuel C Guffey
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2033, USA.
| | - Maria S Sepúlveda
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2033, USA.
| | - Tomas O Höök
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2033, USA; Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant College Program, Purdue University, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2033, USA.
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17
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Zambonino-Infante JL, Mazurais D, Dubuc A, Quéau P, Vanderplancke G, Servili A, Cahu C, Le Bayon N, Huelvan C, Claireaux G. An early life hypoxia event has a long-term impact on protein digestion and growth in juvenile European sea bass. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 220:1846-1851. [PMID: 28302867 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.154922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ocean warming, eutrophication and the consequent decrease in oxygen lead to smaller average fish size. Although such responses are well known in an evolutionary context, involving multiple generations, this appears to be incompatible with current rapid environmental change. Instead, phenotypic plasticity could provide a means for marine fish to cope with rapid environmental changes. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying plastic responses to environmental conditions that favour small phenotypes. Our aim was to investigate how and why European sea bass that had experienced a short episode of moderate hypoxia during their larval stage subsequently exhibited a growth depression at the juvenile stage compared with the control group. We examined whether energy was used to cover higher costs for maintenance, digestion or activity metabolisms, as a result of differing metabolic rate. The lower growth was not a consequence of lower food intake. We measured several respirometry parameters and we only found a higher specific dynamic action (SDA) duration and lower SDA amplitude in a fish phenotype with lower growth; this phenotype was also associated with a lower protein digestive capacity in the intestine. Our results contribute to the understanding of the observed decrease in growth in response to climate change. They demonstrate that the reduced growth of juvenile fishes as a consequence of an early life hypoxia event was not due to a change of fish aerobic scope but to a specific change in the efficiency of protein digestive functions. The question remains of whether this effect is epigenetic and could be reversible in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Zambonino-Infante
- Ifremer, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, LEMAR UMR 6539, BP 70, Plouzané 29280, France
| | - David Mazurais
- Ifremer, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, LEMAR UMR 6539, BP 70, Plouzané 29280, France
| | - Alexia Dubuc
- Ifremer, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, LEMAR UMR 6539, BP 70, Plouzané 29280, France
| | - Pierre Quéau
- Ifremer, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, LEMAR UMR 6539, BP 70, Plouzané 29280, France
| | - Gwenaëlle Vanderplancke
- Ifremer, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, LEMAR UMR 6539, BP 70, Plouzané 29280, France
| | - Arianna Servili
- Ifremer, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, LEMAR UMR 6539, BP 70, Plouzané 29280, France
| | - Chantal Cahu
- Ifremer, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, LEMAR UMR 6539, BP 70, Plouzané 29280, France
| | - Nicolas Le Bayon
- Ifremer, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, LEMAR UMR 6539, BP 70, Plouzané 29280, France
| | - Christine Huelvan
- Ifremer, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, LEMAR UMR 6539, BP 70, Plouzané 29280, France
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale; Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, LEMAR UMR 6539, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Place Nicolas Copernic, Plouzané 29280, France
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18
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Maes V, Betoulle S, Jaffal A, Dedourge-Geffard O, Delahaut L, Geffard A, Palluel O, Sanchez W, Paris-Palacios S, Vettier A, David E. Juvenile roach (Rutilus rutilus) increase their anaerobic metabolism in response to copper exposure in laboratory conditions. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2016; 25:900-913. [PMID: 27033855 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-016-1648-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to determine the potential impairment of cell energy synthesis processes (glycolysis and respiratory chain pathways) by copper in juvenile roach at different regulation levels by using a multi-marker approach. Juvenile roach were exposed to 0, 10, 50, and 100 µg/L of copper for 7 days in laboratory conditions. The glycolysis pathway was assessed by measuring the relative expression levels of 4 genes encoding glycolysis enzymes. The respiratory chain was studied by assessing the electron transport system and cytochrome c oxidase gene expression. Muscle mitochondria ultrastructure was studied, and antioxidant responses were measured. Furthermore, the main energy reserves-carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins-were measured, and cellular energy was evaluated by measuring ATP, ADP, AMP and IMP concentrations. This study revealed a disturbance of the cell energy metabolism due to copper exposure, with a significant decrease in adenylate energy charge in roach exposed to 10 μg/L of copper after 1 day. Moreover, ATP concentrations significantly decreased in roach exposed to 10 μg/L of copper after 1 day. This significant decrease persisted in roach exposed to 50 µg/L of copper after 7 days. AMP concentrations increased in all contaminated fish after 1 day of exposure. In parallel, the relative expression of 3 genes encoding for glycolysis enzymes increased in all contaminated fish after 1 day of copper exposure. Focusing on the respiratory chain, cytochrome c oxidase gene expression also increased in all contaminated fish at the two time-points. The activity of the electron transport system was not disturbed by copper, except in roach exposed to 100 µg/L of copper after 1 day. Copper induced a metabolic stress. Juvenile roach seemed to respond to the ensuing high energy demand by increasing their anaerobic metabolism, but the energy produced by the anaerobic metabolism is unable to compensate for the stress induced by copper after 7 days. This multi-marker approach allows us to reach a greater understanding of the effects of copper on the physiological responses of juvenile roach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Maes
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, FR CNRS 3417 Condorcet, BP1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France.
| | - Stéphane Betoulle
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, FR CNRS 3417 Condorcet, BP1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Ali Jaffal
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, FR CNRS 3417 Condorcet, BP1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Odile Dedourge-Geffard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, FR CNRS 3417 Condorcet, BP1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Laurence Delahaut
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, FR CNRS 3417 Condorcet, BP1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Alain Geffard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, FR CNRS 3417 Condorcet, BP1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Olivier Palluel
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, BP2, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Wilfried Sanchez
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, BP2, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Séverine Paris-Palacios
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, FR CNRS 3417 Condorcet, BP1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Aurélie Vettier
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, FR CNRS 3417 Condorcet, BP1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Elise David
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, FR CNRS 3417 Condorcet, BP1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France
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