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Wu J, Jiang S, Zhang J, Sun R, Lu W, Chen X, Dai Z, Lian Z, Li C. Effects of microplastics on typical macrobenthos in sargassum ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 259:119511. [PMID: 38950811 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Recently, microplastics (MPs) have attracted extensive attention to their wide distribution and potential toxicity in ecosystems. However, there was a lack of research focused on MPs in seaweed bed ecosystems. This study investigated the distribution and toxicity of MPs in macrobenthos in Sargassum ecosystem. According to the in-situ investigation results, the abundance of MPs in the sediment was 0.9-2.3 items/g, the indoor microcosmic experiment was constructed. After exposure to MPs (0, 2, and 20 items/g) for 30 days, the abundance of MPs in macrobenthos exhibits a concentration-dependent increase. However, there was no significant bioaccumulation of MPs at the trophic level. The indoor toxicity test revealed that MPs induced oxidative stress and altered intestinal microflora composition in macrobenthos, even at actual environmental concentrations (2 items/g). It may result in a perturbation of the organism's homeostatic equilibrium. High-concentration (20 items/g) MPs had a greater impact on alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in Mollusks. The increase in AKP activity could be indicative of an adaptive mechanism in some macrobenthos while the decline in AKP activity might signal a decrease in their survival. These results elucidated the fate of MPs in ecosystem and the ecological risks of MPs to large benthic animals on model environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Wu
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Tropical Ocean Environment in Western Coastal Water, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment for South China Sea Marine Ranching, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Shiqi Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Tropical Ocean Environment in Western Coastal Water, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment for South China Sea Marine Ranching, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Tropical Ocean Environment in Western Coastal Water, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment for South China Sea Marine Ranching, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Ruikun Sun
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Tropical Ocean Environment in Western Coastal Water, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment for South China Sea Marine Ranching, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108, China.
| | - Wen Lu
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Tropical Ocean Environment in Western Coastal Water, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment for South China Sea Marine Ranching, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Xing Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Tropical Ocean Environment in Western Coastal Water, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment for South China Sea Marine Ranching, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Zhenqing Dai
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Tropical Ocean Environment in Western Coastal Water, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment for South China Sea Marine Ranching, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108, China
| | - Zhonglian Lian
- Zhanjiang Marine Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Zhanjiang, 524005, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Chengyong Li
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Tropical Ocean Environment in Western Coastal Water, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment for South China Sea Marine Ranching, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108, China.
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Xu M, Zhang C, Qi Q, Wang R, Zhang S, Yan R, Li B, Li S. Effects of salinity stress on anxiety behavior and antioxidant capability of guppy (Poecilia reticulata). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:598-605. [PMID: 37221437 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02667-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of salinity on anxiety behavior and liver antioxidant capacity in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Guppies were exposed to salinities of 0‰, 5‰, 10‰, 15‰ and 20‰ for acute stress tests, and then we analyzed the activity of antioxidant enzymes at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. During the experiment, the anxiety behavior of guppy was enhanced at salinities of 10‰, 15‰, and 20‰, as evidenced by a significantly higher latency time for the first passage through the upper part than that of the control group (P < 0.05). CAT activity was highest at 24 h in the treatment with the salinity of 10‰, and SOD and GPX activities were highest at 12 h into the treatment with the salinity of 10‰. The SOD and CAT activities were significantly higher than the control group after 96 h of treatment at different salinities (P < 0.05). The MDA contents of the experimental groups at salinities of 5‰ and 10‰ were not significantly different from the control group after 96 h of treatment (P > 0.05). While the MDA contents of the experimental groups at salinities of 15‰ and 20‰ were still significantly higher than the control group after 96 h of treatment (P < 0.05). The experimental results indicated that elevated salinity could lead to oxidative stress in the guppy, altering their anxiety behavior as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes. In conclusion, drastic changes in salinity during culture should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjia Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Chunnuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China.
| | - Qian Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Renpeng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Shibo Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Runkun Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
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Karayakar F, Yurt Ö, Cicik B, Canli M. Accumulation and Elimination of Cadmium by the Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in differing Temperatures and Responses of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 109:1126-1134. [PMID: 36083344 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03616-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the accumulation (15 days) and elimination (15 and 30 days) of cadmium (Cd) in the liver, gill, kidney and muscle of Oreochromis niloticus following exposures to different concentrations (1 and 2 mg/L) of Cd at different water temperatures (20, 25, 30 oC). Additionally, responses of oxidative stress biomarkers (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase CAT; glutathione peroxidase, GPx and malondialdehyde, MDA) of the liver were determined following Cd exposures. In accumulation period, Cd levels increased significantly in all the tissues at all temperatures and tissue accumulation order was kidney > liver > gill. All tissues, except the muscle, accumulated Cd in relation to exposure concentrations and water temperatures. There was no measurable level of Cd accumulation in the muscle, except in fish exposed to 2 mg Cd/L at 30 oC. Likewise, elimination of Cd from the tissues also increased in depends on periods and water temperatures. The order of Cd elimination from the tissues was gill > liver > kidney. The oxidative stress biomarkers also responded to both Cd exposure and temperature increases. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, GPx and MDA levels in the liver increased in relation to increases in Cd concentrations and water temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahri Karayakar
- Faculty of Fisheries, Mersin University, 33169, Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Özge Yurt
- Faculty of Fisheries, Mersin University, 33169, Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Bedii Cicik
- Faculty of Fisheries, Mersin University, 33169, Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Canli
- Faculty of Science and Letters, Biology Department, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Félix L, Correia R, Sequeira R, Ribeiro C, Monteiro S, Antunes L, Silva J, Venâncio C, Valentim A. MS-222 and Propofol Sedation during and after the Simulated Transport of Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1309. [PMID: 34943224 PMCID: PMC8698739 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The use of anesthetics has been suggested as a strategy to hamper live fish transport-induced stress. Still, there is insufficient data available on the use of alternative anesthetics to MS-222. This study investigated the use of propofol to mitigate stress in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, 143.8 ± 20.9 g and 20.4 ± 0.9 cm) during a 6 h simulated transport. Individuals (n = 7) were divided into three groups: control, 40 mg L-1 MS-222, and 0.8 mg L-1 propofol. A naïve group non-transported was also considered. During the 6 h transport and 24 h after, the response to external stimuli, opercular movements, water quality parameters, behavior, blood hematology and other physiological values, the histopathology of the gills, the quality of the fillet, and oxidative-stress changes in gills, muscle, brain, and liver were evaluated. Propofol increased swimming activity of fish but decreased opercular movements and responses to external stimuli, indicating oscillations of the sedation depth. Water pH and glucose levels increased, while hematocrit (HCT) and lactate decreased in propofol groups at 6 h. At this time-point, MS-222 also induced a decrease in the HCT and lactate levels while increasing cortisol levels. Despite these effects, the stress-related behaviors lessened with anesthetics compared to the control group. After the recovery period, physiological responses normalized in animals from both anesthetic groups, but the control still had high cortisol levels. Overall, propofol is a good alternative for the transportation of this species, showing efficient sedation without compromising health or fillet quality. However, further pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics knowledge is required to support its use in aquaculture settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Félix
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3s), Universidade of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory Animal Science, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.M.); (L.A.); (C.V.)
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rita Correia
- School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Rita Sequeira
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences (ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Cristiana Ribeiro
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences (ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Sandra Monteiro
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.M.); (L.A.); (C.V.)
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences (ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Luís Antunes
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.M.); (L.A.); (C.V.)
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.C.); (J.S.)
| | - José Silva
- School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.C.); (J.S.)
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Venâncio
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.M.); (L.A.); (C.V.)
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.C.); (J.S.)
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Valentim
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3s), Universidade of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory Animal Science, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.M.); (L.A.); (C.V.)
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Alternations in the liver metabolome, skin and serum antioxidant function of silver pomfret ( Pampus Argenteus) is induced by jellyfish feeding. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:192. [PMID: 33927983 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02702-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many fish species are known to feed on jellyfish. Herein, we observed the effects of jellyfish feeding on silver pomfret using gas chromatography tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) based on metabolomics. We studied the effects of feeding on jellyfish on skin and serum immune of silver pomfret. Healthy silver pomfret (initial weight, 13.40 ± 1.565 g) was divided into two groups: control and feeding. The pomfrets were fed jellyfish at 2, 6, 12, 24, and 72 h, and samples were obtained. Statistical analysis revealed that after jellyfish feeding, most serum immune indicators did not show a significant change; however, skin immune indicators indicated that silver pomfret elicit a stress response on encountering jellyfish, gradually adapting to their presence. We therefore conducted further experiments involving two groups: group A, which was not fed any extra jellyfish, and group B, which was fed extra jellyfish (approximately 10% weight of silver pomfret) every day for 60 days. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis led to the identification of stronger biomarkers, with the liver metabolome showing obvious variations between the groups (group B vs. A). After feeding jellyfish by silver pomfret, some amino acids, amines, and unsaturated fatty acids in the liver tissue showed a significant increase. Our results, thus, not only reveal changes in physiological indices of silver pomfret after feeding on jellyfish but also provide a new idea for further optimizing the feed formula for silver pomfret culture.
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Vali S, Mohammadi G, Tavabe KR, Moghadas F, Naserabad SS. The effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) sublethal concentrations on common carp (Cyprinus carpio): Bioaccumulation, hematology, serum biochemistry and immunology, antioxidant enzymes, and skin mucosal responses. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 194:110353. [PMID: 32146193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of different waterborne sublethal concentrations of Ag-NPs LC50 (96h) on common carp Cyprinus carpio using a multi-biomarker approach. Fish (9.22 ± 0.12 g) were stocked in fiberglass tanks and exposed to concentrations of 0 (control), 12.5%, 25% and 50% of Ag-NPs LC50 (96h) or Ag-NO3 LC50 (96h), as the source of Ag+ ion, for a period of 21 days. At the end of study, tissue Ag contents were significantly (P < 0.05) higher and different in fish exposed to concentrations of 25% and 50% compared to the control. The numbers of RBCs, hematocrit, and MCHC values at these concentrations differed significantly in respect to the control. No significant effects were observed for hemoglobin, MCH, and MCV values. The number of WBCs was significantly higher at concentrations of 12.5% and 25% compared to the control. Meanwhile, the percentage of neutrophils significantly elevated at concentrations of 25% and 50%. Serum total protein at concentration of 50% detected significantly lower than that of 12.5% or the control. The serum albumin and globulin levels significantly declined in Ag-NPs-exposed groups versus the control. The serum ACH50 and total immunoglobulins showed significantly lower values in the treatments of 25% and 50% compared to the control. The serum glucose, cortisol, ALT, and ALP values significantly escalated upon Ag-NPs exposure. The serum SOD and CAT showed enhanced activity in the treatment of 12.5% vice versa significantly diminished at concentrations of 25% and 50% compared to the control. The exposure to the concentrations of 25% and 50% significantly dwindled the lysozyme activity and total immunoglobulin levels in skin mucus. In conclusion, sublethal concentrations of Ag-NPs LC50 (96h) impaired fish health status at higher concentrations and 12.5% of Ag-NPs LC50 (96h) was presumably safe for common carp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vali
- Faculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ghasem Mohammadi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Kamran Rezaei Tavabe
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moghadas
- Faculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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Mohammadi G, Rashidian G, Hoseinifar SH, Naserabad SS, Doan HV. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract affects growth performance, body composition, haematology, serum and mucosal immune parameters in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 99:267-273. [PMID: 31981777 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the dietary effects of ginger extract (Zingiber officinale) on common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Three hundred and sixty fish weighing 10.9 ± 0.17 g were randomly divided into four experimental treatments in triplicates. Four experimental diets were designed containing different inclusion levels of ginger extract as 0% (control), 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4% named T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively, and fish were fed 3% of body weight daily for 60 days. Feed conversion ratio, weight gain, and specific growth rate parameters were measured higher in the groups fed with ginger extract compared to the control, especially in T3 (P < 0.05). Also, fish treated with ginger extract showed lower carcass moisture and lipid, but higher protein contents compared to the control. The results showed significant increase in the number of erythrocytes and leucocytes, as well as the level of hematocrit and hemoglobin in fish fed with supplemented diets. In addition, significant enhancement was observed in cases of serum parameters, including total protein, albumin, globulin, lysozyme, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and total immunoglobulins in T3 and T4 compared to the control. The lowest serum cortisol level was noticed in T3. Furthermore, the T3 group showed the highest activities of skin mucus lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase, and protease (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the present results demonstrated that Zingiber officinale extract at a 0.2% level can effectively improve the growth and health status of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Mohammadi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ghasem Rashidian
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd,Suthep,Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Toxicity assessment of cadmium chloride on planktonic copepods Centropages ponticus using biochemical markers. Toxicol Rep 2017; 4:83-88. [PMID: 28959629 PMCID: PMC5615093 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecotoxicological effects of cadmium chloride were tested in planktonic copepods Centropages ponticus. Cadmium chloride toxicity influenced enzymatic activity and proteins synthesis in treated groups. Synthesis of proteins, together with changes in antioxidant enzymes activity, could be used as biomarkers for further studies of copepods species.
Pollution of the aquatic environment by heavy metals has become a worldwide problem. Most heavy metals exhibit toxic waste on aquatic organisms. Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic metal which affects aquatic organisms acutely and chronically. Planktonic calanoid copepods are the secondary dominant producers of pelagic ecosystems and play a considerable role in the transfer of energy and organic matter from primary producers to higher trophic levels. We investigated the effect of cadmium chloride on biochemical responses of the planktonic calanoid copepods Centropages ponticus which is a key species in the Mediterranean Sea. The response of copepods to cadmium chloride was examined under laboratory-controlled conditions during a 72-h exposure. Catalase (CAT), Glutathion Reductase (GR), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were analyzed for cadmium chloride treatments (0, 0.2 and 0.4 μg/L) after 24, 48 and 72 h. Additionally, the thiobarbituric reactive species assay was used to evaluate lipid peroxidation (LPO) level of the copepod. In this study, it is observed that contents of protein increased gradually with an increase in concentrations of metals and exposure time. Our findings showed that cadmium chloride directly influenced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the treated copepods hinting that the copepods had suffered from oxidative damage. During exposure, the Cd treatments significantly influenced the biochemical markers (CAT, GR, GPx, GST and AChE). Thus, Centropages ponticus could be used as a suitable bioindicator of exposure to Cd using biochemicals markers.
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Wang J, Zhu X, Huang X, Gu L, Chen Y, Yang Z. Combined effects of cadmium and salinity on juvenile Takifugu obscurus: cadmium moderates salinity tolerance; salinity decreases the toxicity of cadmium. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30968. [PMID: 27487764 PMCID: PMC4973225 DOI: 10.1038/srep30968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obscure puffer Takifugu obscurus, a species of anadromous fish, experiences several salinity changes in its lifetime. Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that can potentially induce oxidative stress in fish. The present study aimed to detect the combined effects of Cd (0, 5, 10, 20 and 50 mg L(-1)) and salinity (0, 15 and 30 ppt) on juvenile T. obscurus. Results showed the juveniles could survive well under different salinities; however, with Cd exposure, the survival rates significantly decreased at 0 and 30 ppt. At 15 ppt, tolerance to Cd increased. Cd exposure clearly induced oxidative stress, and the responses among different tissues were qualitatively similar. Salinity acted as a protective factor which could reduce the reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels. In addition, salinity could enhance the antioxidant defense system, including superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione. Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity significantly decreased under Cd exposure in gill, kidney and intestine. These findings indicated that Cd could moderate the adaptability of juvenile T. obscurus to high salinity and low salinity played a protective role upon Cd exposure. Thus, the role of salinity should be considered when evaluating the effect of heavy metals on anadromous and estuarine fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuexia Zhu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Gu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yafen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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