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Multisanti CR, Zicarelli G, Caferro A, Filice M, Faggio C, Vazzana I, Blahova J, Lakdawala P, Cerra MC, Imbrogno S, Impellitteri F. From Personal Care to Coastal Concerns: Investigating Polyethylene Glycol Impact on Mussel's Antioxidant, Physiological, and Cellular Responses. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:734. [PMID: 38929173 PMCID: PMC11200630 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) containing persistent and potentially hazardous substances have garnered attention for their ubiquitous presence in natural environments. This study investigated the impact of polyethylene glycol (PEG), a common PPCP component, on Mytilus galloprovincialis. Mussels were subjected to two PEG concentrations (E1: 0.1 mg/L and E2: 10 mg/L) over 14 days. Oxidative stress markers in both gills and digestive glands were evaluated; cytotoxicity assays were performed on haemolymph and digestive gland cells. Additionally, cell volume regulation (RVD assay) was investigated to assess physiological PEG-induced alterations. In the gills, PEG reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) at E1. In the digestive gland, only LPO was influenced, while SOD activity and oxidatively modified proteins (OMPs) were unaltered. A significant decrease in cell viability was observed, particularly at E2. Additionally, the RVD assay revealed disruptions in the cells subjected to E2. These findings underscore the effects of PEG exposure on M. galloprovincialis. They are open to further investigations to clarify the environmental implications of PPCPs and the possibility of exploring safer alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giorgia Zicarelli
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.Z.); (C.F.)
| | - Alessia Caferro
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (A.C.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Mariacristina Filice
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (A.C.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.Z.); (C.F.)
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80122 Naples, Italy
| | - Irene Vazzana
- Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily, Via Gino Marinuzzi, 90129 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Jana Blahova
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare & Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Pavla Lakdawala
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare & Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Maria Carmela Cerra
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (A.C.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Sandra Imbrogno
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (A.C.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Federica Impellitteri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (C.R.M.); (F.I.)
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Singh S, Dwivedi S, Khan AA, Jain A, Dwivedi S, Yadav KK, Dubey I, Trivedi A, Trivedi SP, Kumar M. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and steatosis elucidate the complex dynamics of HgCl 2 induced liver damage in Channa punctata. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9161. [PMID: 38644412 PMCID: PMC11033285 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59917-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Water bodies are highly pollution-prone areas in which mercury (Hg) is considered as a major menace to aquatic organisms. However, the information about the toxicity of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) in a vital organ such as the liver of fish is still inadequate. This study aimed to assess the impact of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) exposure on the liver of Channa punctata fish over 15, 30, and 45 days, at two different concentrations (0.039 mg/L and 0.078 mg/L). Mercury is known to be a significant threat to aquatic life, and yet, information regarding its effects on fish liver remains limited. The results of this study demonstrate that exposure to HgCl2 significantly increases oxidative stress markers, such as lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonyls (PC), as well as the levels of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) in the fish. Additionally, the transcriptional and protein analysis of specific genes and molecules associated with necroptosis and inflammation, such as ABCG2, TNF α, Caspase 3, RIPK 3, IL-1β, Caspase-1, IL-18, and RIPK1, confirm the occurrence of necroptosis and inflammation in the liver. Histopathological and ultrastructural examinations of the liver tissue further reveal a significant presence of liver steatosis. Interestingly, the upregulation of PPARα suggests that the fish's body is actively responding to counteract the effects of liver steatosis. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of oxidative stress, biochemical changes, gene expression, protein profiles, and histological findings in the liver tissue of fish exposed to mercury pollution in freshwater environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefalee Singh
- Environmental Toxicology and Bioremediation Laboratory (ETBL), Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Shikha Dwivedi
- Environmental Toxicology and Bioremediation Laboratory (ETBL), Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Adeel Ahmad Khan
- Environmental Toxicology and Bioremediation Laboratory (ETBL), Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Anamika Jain
- Environmental Toxicology and Bioremediation Laboratory (ETBL), Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Shraddha Dwivedi
- Department of Zoology, Government Degree College, Haripur-Nihastha, Raebareli, 229208, India
| | - Kamlesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Government Degree College, Bakkha Kheda, Unnao, 209801, India
| | - Indrani Dubey
- Department of Zoology, DBS College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208006, India
| | - Abha Trivedi
- Department of Zoology, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243006, India
| | - Sunil P Trivedi
- Environmental Toxicology and Bioremediation Laboratory (ETBL), Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Environmental Toxicology and Bioremediation Laboratory (ETBL), Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India.
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Filice M, Caferro A, Gattuso A, Sperone E, Agnisola C, Faggio C, Cerra MC, Imbrogno S. Effects of environmental hypoxia on the goldfish skeletal muscle: Focus on oxidative status and mitochondrial dynamics. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2024; 261:104299. [PMID: 38237486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
The skeletal muscle is a highly plastic tissue. Its ability to respond to external stimuli and challenges allows it to face the functional needs of the organism. In the goldfish Carassius auratus, a model of hypoxia resistance, exposure to reduced oxygen is accompanied by an improvement of the swimming performance, relying on a sustained contractile behavior of the skeletal muscle. At the moment, limited information is available on the mechanisms underlying these responses. We here evaluated the effects of short- (4 days) and long- (20 days) term exposure to moderate water hypoxia on the goldfish white skeletal muscle, focusing on oxidative status and mitochondrial dynamics. No differences in lipid peroxidation, measured as 2-thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS), and oxidatively modified proteins (OMP) were detected in animals exposed to hypoxia with respect to their normoxic counterparts. Exposure to short-term hypoxia was characterized by an enhanced SOD activity and expression, paralleled by increased levels of Nrf2, a regulator of the antioxidant cell response, and HSP70, a chaperone also acting as a redox sensor. The expression of markers of mitochondrial biogenesis (TFAM) and abundance (VDAC) and of the mtDNA/nDNA ratio was similar under normoxia and under both short- and long-term hypoxia, thus excluding a rearrangement of the mitochondrial apparatus. Only an increase of PGC1α (a transcription factor involved in mitochondrial dynamics) was detected after 20 days of hypoxia. Our results revealed novel aspects of the molecular mechanisms that in the goldfish skeletal muscle may sustain the response to hypoxia, thus contributing to adequate tissue function to organism requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariacristina Filice
- Dept. of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Alessia Caferro
- Dept. of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Alfonsina Gattuso
- Dept. of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.
| | - Emilio Sperone
- Dept. of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Claudio Agnisola
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Dept. of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Dept. of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Carmela Cerra
- Dept. of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Sandra Imbrogno
- Dept. of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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Rivero-Wendt CLG, Fernandes LG, Dos Santos AN, Brito IL, Dos Santos Jaques JA, Dos Santos Dos Anjos E, Fernandes CE. Effects of Chloramine T on zebrafish embryos malformations associated with cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37185102 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2205271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Chloramine T, a sodium p-toluene sulfonchloramide, is known to possess a wide spectrum of biocidal activity and is employed as a disinfectant in fish farms to treat bacterial infections. Although Chloramine T may effectively combat pathogens, the sublethal and lethal effects and changes in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity remain poorly elucidated using Danio rerio (zebrafish) embryos. Zebrafish is considered a model organism for toxicant screening research and exhibits mammalian-like physiological responses when exposed to environmental pollutants. The aim of this study was to (1) determine LC50 of Chloramine T after 96 hr exposure, (2) verify disinfectant effects on developmental morphology, and (3) evaluate the disinfectant effects on AChE activity in zebrafish embryos. Chloramine T exposure was performed using 16, 32, 64, 128, or 256 mg/L concentrations. The mortality LC50 values were 143.05 ± 3.11 and 130.97 ± 7.4 mg/L at 24 and 96 hr, respectively. Data demonstrated delayed hatching, reduced heartbeats, cardiac edema, and equilibrium disruption of hatched larvae throughout embryonic development. In addition, Chloramine T inhibited AChE activity at 64 or 128 mg/L after 96 hr treatment, corroborating the sub-lethality results observed in zebrafish embryo development and demonstrating an equilibrium disruption in zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Letícia Gediel Rivero-Wendt
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental (LAPEx), Instituto de Biociências Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Luana Garcia Fernandes
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental (LAPEx), Instituto de Biociências Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Andreza Negreli Dos Santos
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular (PBBqBM), Instituto de Biociências (INBIO), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Igor Leal Brito
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular (PBBqBM), Instituto de Biociências (INBIO), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGFARM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Jeandre Augusto Dos Santos Jaques
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular (PBBqBM), Instituto de Biociências (INBIO), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGFARM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Edson Dos Santos Dos Anjos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química (INQUI), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eurico Fernandes
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental (LAPEx), Instituto de Biociências Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
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Nwizugbo KC, Ogwu MC, Eriyamremu GE, Ahana CM. Alterations in energy metabolism, total protein, uric and nucleic acids in African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell) exposed to crude oil and fractions. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 316:137778. [PMID: 36640975 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Water contamination by crude oil is a growing challenge and little is known about the probabilistic and non-probabilistic ecosystem and species consequences. Therefore, research aimed at understanding species survival strategy in crude oil-contaminated environments with focus on cellular metabolic alterations and dynamics is vital. This study assessed the alterations in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose (GLU), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), total protein (TP), uric and nucleic acids (UA, RNA, and DNA) in the liver, heart, kidney, blood supernatants, and muscle homogenates of African sharptooth catfish ([ASC] Clarias gariepinus) exposed to varying bonny-light crude oil concentrations to understand the underlying cause of their delayed development as well as potential health and wellbeing. Three concentrations (20, 50, and 100 mg/L) of diluted whole bonny-light crude oil (DWC), water-soluble (WSF), and water-insoluble (WIF) fractions of bonny-light crude oil were used to grow ASC for 9 weeks at room temperature. Biochemical assessments revealed significant (at p < 0.05) elevations in heart LDH (48.57 ± 4.67 to 3011.34 ± 4.67 U/L) and blood G-6-PDH activities (54.86 ± 0.00 to 128 ± 18.29 mU/mL), GLU (0.22 ± 0.01 to 0.77 ± 0.01 mg/dL), TP (5.15 ± 0.14 to 22.33 ± 0.21 g/L), UA (0.29 ± 0.05 to 10.05 ± 0.27 mg/dL), as well as liver DNA (0.38 ± 0.02 to 2.33 ± 0.09 μg/mL) and RNA (12.52 ± 0.05 to 30.44 ± 0.02 μg/mL) levels for laboratory-grown ASC in DWC, WSF, WIF, and oil-impacted Ubeji river collected ASC relative to the control. Due to greater levels of cellular metabolic alterations in oil-impacted Ubeji River collected ASC, it is evident that bonny-light contamination levels in the river is greater than 100 mg/L. In conclusion, bonny-light crude oil is toxic to ASC and induces stress response. The ecological changes caused by bonny-light crude oil contamination may ultimately affect niche functioning and the development of organs in ASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Chukwuemeka Nwizugbo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Ugbowo, Benin City, PMB, 1154, Nigeria
| | - Matthew Chidozie Ogwu
- Goodnight Family Department of Sustainable Development, Appalachian State University, 212 Living Learning Center, 305 Bodenheimer Drive, Boone, NC, 28608, USA.
| | - George E Eriyamremu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Ugbowo, Benin City, PMB, 1154, Nigeria
| | - Chidozie Michael Ahana
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Ugbowo, Benin City, PMB, 1154, Nigeria
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Tresnakova N, Famulari S, Zicarelli G, Impellitteri F, Pagano M, Presti G, Filice M, Caferro A, Gulotta E, Salvatore G, Sandova M, Vazzana I, Imbrogno S, Capillo G, Savoca S, Velisek J, Faggio C. Multi-characteristic toxicity of enantioselective chiral fungicide tebuconazole to a model organism Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 (Bivalve: Mytilidae). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160874. [PMID: 36521610 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The survey of available scientific literature shows a lack of data on the chronic effects of tebuconazole (TEB) on non-target aquatic organisms. Therefore, this study evaluates toxicity (10 and 20 days) of two considered concentrations 2 ng/L (E1) and 2 μg/L (E2) of TEB to bioindicator species Mytilus galloprovincialis. To this end, the TEB concentrations measured in soft mussel tissues showed a time-dependent increasing trend. The viability of haemocyte and digestive gland (DG) cells was higher than 95 % during the experiment. However, DG cells lost the ability to regulate their volume in both groups after 20-d. The E1 treatment increased Cl- and Na+ levels, and E2 decreased Na+ levels in the haemolymph. In addition, levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and oxidatively modified protein (OMP) increased after 10- and 20-d in both treatments. Histopathological findings showed abnormalities in the E2, e.g., haemocyte infiltration, hypertrophy, and hyperplasia in gills and DG. This study reveals the potential risks of TEB usage in the model organism M. galloprovincialis, primarily via bioaccumulation of TEB in food web links, and improves knowledge about its comprehensive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Tresnakova
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Sergio Famulari
- University of Messina, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale Ferdinando Stagno 'd'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giorgia Zicarelli
- University of Messina, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale Ferdinando Stagno 'd'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Impellitteri
- University of Messina, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale Ferdinando Stagno 'd'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Pagano
- University of Messina, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale Ferdinando Stagno 'd'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Presti
- Chemical Laboratory of Palermo, Italian Agency of Customs and Monopolies, via Crispi, 143, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Filice
- University of Calabria, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Alessia Caferro
- University of Calabria, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gulotta
- Chemical Laboratory of Palermo, Italian Agency of Customs and Monopolies, via Crispi, 143, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Guiliano Salvatore
- Chemical Laboratory of Palermo, Italian Agency of Customs and Monopolies, via Crispi, 143, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marie Sandova
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Irene Vazzana
- Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily, Via Gino Marinuzzi, Italy
| | - Sandra Imbrogno
- University of Calabria, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Gioele Capillo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122 Messina, Italy; Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Section of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Serena Savoca
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Section of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Josef Velisek
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Caterina Faggio
- University of Messina, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale Ferdinando Stagno 'd'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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Filice M, Reinero FR, Cerra MC, Faggio C, Leonetti FL, Micarelli P, Giglio G, Sperone E, Barca D, Imbrogno S. Contamination by Trace Elements and Oxidative Stress in the Skeletal Muscle of Scyliorhinus canicula from the Central Tyrrhenian Sea. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020524. [PMID: 36830082 PMCID: PMC9952106 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine pollution, due to the regular discharge of contaminants by various anthropogenic sources, is a growing problem that imposes detrimental influences on natural species. Sharks, because of a diet based on smaller polluted animals, are exposed to the risk of water contamination and the subsequent bioaccumulation and biomagnification. Trace elements are very diffuse water pollutants and able to induce oxidative stress in a variety of marine organisms. However, to date, studies on sharks are rather scarce and often limited to mercury. In this context, the present study aimed to analyze the accumulation of trace elements and their putative correlation with the onset of an oxidative status in the muscle of the lesser spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula, from the Central Mediterranean Sea. Ecotoxicological analysis detected the presence of Pb, As, Cd, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu, and Fe; no significant differences were observed between sexes, while a negative correlation was found between Pb and animal length. Analysis of oxidative stress markers showed either positive or negative correlation with respect to the presence of trace elements. Lipid peroxidation (TBARS) positively correlated with Zn, Ni, and Fe; SOD enzyme activity negatively correlated with Cu and Ni; LDH was negatively correlated with Fe and positively correlated with Pb. Moreover, positive correlations between the leukocyte count and Mn and Zn, as well as with LDH activity, were also observed. The data suggested that, in sharks, trace elements accumulation may affect oxidant and antioxidant processes with important outcomes for their physiology and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariacristina Filice
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | | | - Maria Carmela Cerra
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Primo Micarelli
- Sharks Studies Center—Scientific Institute, 58024 Massa Marittima, Italy
| | - Gianni Giglio
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Emilio Sperone
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Donatella Barca
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Sandra Imbrogno
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
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8
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Bouzidi I, Mougin K, Beyrem H, Alghonaim MI, Alsalamah SA, Qurtam AA, Mahmoudi E, Boufahja F, Sellami B. Physiological Impairment and Biochemical Modifications Induced by Triclosan in Mediterranean Mussels. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040583. [PMID: 36830370 PMCID: PMC9951677 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of pharmaceutical under aquatic biota are still not well established. In this investigation, we assessed the results of a common pharmaceutical's, triclosan (TCS), treatment on physiological and biochemical status of the Mediterranean mussels. Filtration and respiration rates were statistically reduced after treatment with highest considered concentration TCS2 = 100 µg·L-1. However, no modification (p > 0.05) was detected after treatment with TCS1 = 50 µg·L-1. For biochemical responses, oxidative stress parameters including H2O2 level and antioxidant enzymes were enhanced following concentration in considered organs. In parallel, Malondialdheyde content was measured in mussels after TCS treatment and lipid peroxidation occurred at high TCS concentration. Neurotoxicity evaluated by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was induced in gills and digestive glands after exposure to TCS2. Overall, physiological impairment, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and neurotoxicity could be induced by triclosan in mussels. The association of physiological and biochemical biomarkers constitute a useful tool to measure the impact of pharmaceuticals in marine organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Bouzidi
- Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerta, University of Carthage, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologies de Béja, Université de Jendouba, Jendouba 8189, Tunisia
| | - Karine Mougin
- Institut de Science des Matériaux, Université de Haute Alsace, IS2M-CNRS-UMR 7361, 15 Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Hamouda Beyrem
- Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerta, University of Carthage, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia
| | - Mohammed I. Alghonaim
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman A. Alsalamah
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf A. Qurtam
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ezzeddine Mahmoudi
- Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerta, University of Carthage, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia
| | - Fehmi Boufahja
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Badreddine Sellami
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer, Tabarka 8110, Tunisia
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9
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Magara G, Sangsawang A, Pastorino P, Bellezza Oddon S, Caldaroni B, Menconi V, Kovitvadhi U, Gasco L, Meloni D, Dörr AJM, Prearo M, Federici E, Elia AC. First insights into oxidative stress and theoretical environmental risk of Bronopol and Detarox® AP, two biocides claimed to be ecofriendly for a sustainable aquaculture. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 778:146375. [PMID: 34030372 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bronopol and Detarox® AP are broad spectrum antimicrobial biocides of growing interest for the aquaculture sector. While their effectiveness against aquatic pathogens has been demonstrated, toxicity data on wild or farmed species are still lacking, as is information on their potential environmental risk for aquatic ecosystems. With this study, we assessed the acute and sublethal toxicity of Bronopol and Detarox® AP in the freshwater bivalve Sinanodonta woodiana and their theoretical risk for aquatic ecosystem. The 96-h median lethal concentration (LC50) was determined using the acute toxicity test, while for the sublethal toxicity test the bivalves were exposed to two concentrations for 14 days of Bronopol (2.5 and 50 mg/L) and Detarox® AP (1.11 and 22.26 mg/L) followed by a 14-day withdrawal period. Biocide-mediated oxidative processes were investigated via a panel of oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase). Theoretical environmental risk assessment of both biocides, with predicted concentration of no effect (PNEC), expected theoretical concentration (TEC) in the environment, and risk quotient (RQ) was performed. TEC was calculated using a model based on the size of the aquaculture facility and the receiving basin, the estimated quantity of biocide dissolved in water, and published data on biocide stability in water. Although the LC50 was higher for Bronopol (2440 mg/L) than for Detarox® AP (126 mg/L), fluctuations in oxidative stress biomarkers levels indicated that both biocides exert a slight oxidative pressure on S. woodiana. Theoretical environmental risk assessment suggested a muted risk with Detarox® AP and greater eco-sustainability compared to Bronopol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Magara
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Akkarasiri Sangsawang
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University. Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Paolo Pastorino
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley, Torino, Italy.
| | - Sara Bellezza Oddon
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Barbara Caldaroni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vasco Menconi
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley, Torino, Italy
| | - Uthaiwan Kovitvadhi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Laura Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco (TO), Italy; Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Daniela Meloni
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Marino Prearo
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley, Torino, Italy
| | - Ermanno Federici
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonia Concetta Elia
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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10
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Filice M, Leo S, Mazza R, Amelio D, Garofalo F, Imbrogno S, Cerra MC, Gattuso A. The heart of the adult goldfish Carassius auratus as a target of Bisphenol A: a multifaceted analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116177. [PMID: 33290955 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a contaminant whose presence in aquatic environments is increasing. In fish embryos and larvae, it severely affects cardiac development; however, its influence on the heart function of adult fish has been scarcely analyzed. This study investigated the effects of the in vivo exposure to BPA on heart physiology, morphology, and oxidative balance in the goldfish Carassius auratus. Adult fish were exposed for 4 and 10 days to two BPA concentrations (10 μM and 25 μM). Ex vivo working heart preparations showed that high concentrations of BPA negatively affected cardiac hemodynamics, as revealed by an impaired Frank-Starling response. This was paralleled by increased cardio-somatic indices and by myocardial structural changes. An altered oxidative status and a modulation of stress (HSPs) and pro-apoptotic (Bax and Cytochrome C) proteins expression were also observed in the heart of animals exposed to BPA, with detrimental effects at the highest concentration and the longest exposure time. Results suggest that, in the adult goldfish, BPA may induce stressful conditions to the heart with time- and concentration-dependent deleterious morpho-functional alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariacristina Filice
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Serena Leo
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Rosa Mazza
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Daniela Amelio
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Filippo Garofalo
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Sandra Imbrogno
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Cerra
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Alfonsina Gattuso
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
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11
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Hodkovicova N, Chmelova L, Sehonova P, Blahova J, Doubkova V, Plhalova L, Fiorino E, Vojtek L, Vicenova M, Siroka Z, Enevova V, Dobsikova R, Faldyna M, Svobodova Z, Faggio C. The effects of a therapeutic formalin bath on selected immunological and oxidative stress parameters in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 653:1120-1127. [PMID: 30759552 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Formalin is commonly used as a component of antiparasitic baths in fisheries. In this study the impact of this bath on the immune profile and oxidative stress parameters was evaluated. A formalin bath was prepared in the concentration of 185.3 mg L-1 (0.17 mL L-1) at a temperature of 20 °C. A total of 96 common carp Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) individuals were immersed in this bath for 60 min. The effects were monitored immediately, and then after 24, 48 h and 10 days following the treatment. The study revealed the most effects 10 days after the treatment, when we observed the decrease of lysozyme in skin mucus, the decrease of anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor beta in gill tissue and increase of interleukin 10 in cranial kidney tissue. The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1b showed an increase in gill tissue immediately after the bath and the increase in glutathione peroxidase in gill tissue was also observed 24 h and 10 days after bath treatment. The other investigated parameters did not show any significant changes. In conclusion, even though the formalin bath elevated some parameters as mentioned above, formalin used in the bath is probably safe as an antiparasitic treatment of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Hodkovicova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Livia Chmelova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Sehonova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Veterinary Public Health and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Blahova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Doubkova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Veterinary Public Health and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Plhalova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Emma Fiorino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Libor Vojtek
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Vicenova
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Siroka
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimira Enevova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Dobsikova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Faldyna
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Svobodova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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