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Xing Z, Bi G, Li T, Zhang Q, Knight PR. Effect of Harvest Time on Growth and Bioactive Compounds in Salvia miltiorrhiza. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1788. [PMID: 38999628 PMCID: PMC11243644 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) is a perennial medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family. It is adapted to a wide range of soil pH with the potential to serve as an alternative crop in the United States. To enhance its cultivation and economic viability, it is crucial to develop production practices that maximize bioactive compound yields for danshen. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different harvest times on plant growth and subsequent yields of bioactive components of danshen. Three harvest times were selected (60, 120, or 180 days after transplanting [DAT]). In general, plants harvested at 180 DAT had higher plant growth index (PGI), shoot number, shoot weight, root number, maximum root length, maximum root diameter, and root weight compared to plants harvested at 60 or 120 DAT. However, plants harvested at 60 or 120 DAT had higher SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development) values. Plants harvested at 120 or 180 DAT had a higher content of tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, cryptotanshinone, and salvianolic acid B compared to those harvested at 60 DAT. This study provides insights for optimizing the time of harvest of danshen to maximize plant growth and bioactive compound production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Xing
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Guihong Bi
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Tongyin Li
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Qianwen Zhang
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Patricia R Knight
- Coastal Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Poplarville, MS 39470, USA
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Farid MM, Marzouk MM, Ivanova V, Nedialkov P, El Shabrawy MO, Kawashty SA, Sakr MM, Hussein SR, Trendafilova A. Metabolomic Profiling and DNA-Fingerprinting of Newly Recorded White-Flowered Populations of Salvia lanigera Poir. in Egypt. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400619. [PMID: 38680104 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Salvia lanigera Poir. is a small herbaceous perennial species with violet flowers that grows in low-altitude deserts, and sandy loam. During the collection of S. lanigera, unusual populations with white flowers were found. Therefore, the two populations (violet- and white-flowered) were subjected to comparative investigations, including DNA fingerprinting, chemical composition, and biological evaluation. The two populations showed DNA variations, with 6.66 % polymorphism in ISSR and 25 % in SCoT markers. GC/MS and UHPLC/HRMS of aqueous methanol extracts, led to the tentative identification of 43 and 50 compounds in both populations. In addition, the structures of nine compounds, including four first-time reported compounds in the species, were confirmed by NMR. Furthermore, the total extracts exhibited weak radical scavenging activity against DPPH and a lower inhibitory effect towards acetylcholinesterase. In conclusion, the obtained data suggested that the white-colored flower could be an additional important character record for the Egyptian S. lanigera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Farid
- Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt, PO Box 12622
| | - Mona M Marzouk
- Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt, PO Box 12622
| | - Viktoria Ivanova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Paraskev Nedialkov
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mona O El Shabrawy
- Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt, PO Box 12622
| | - Salwa A Kawashty
- Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt, PO Box 12622
| | - Mahmoud M Sakr
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Research Centre, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sameh R Hussein
- Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt, PO Box 12622
| | - Antoaneta Trendafilova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Su Y, Lin C, Zhang J, Hu B, Wang J, Li J, Wang S, Liu R, Li X, Song Z, Wang J. One-Step Regeneration of Hairy Roots to Induce High Tanshinone Plants in Salvia miltiorrhiza. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:913985. [PMID: 35668807 PMCID: PMC9163987 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.913985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant of Labiatae, which has been widely utilized to treat a variety of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, due to the long growth cycle, low content of active ingredients, and serious quality deterioration of S. miltiorrhiza, the use of biotechnology to improve S. miltiorrhiza to meet the growing demand for clinical applications has become a research hotspot. In this study, a novel one-step hairy root regeneration method was developed, which could rapidly obtain hairy roots and regenerated plants with high tanshinone content. By optimizing the parameters of Agrobacterium rhizogenes transformation in S. miltiorrhiza, it was finally established that the explants were infected in Ar.qual (OD600 = 0.6) for 10 min, co-cultured for 3 days, and then screened on the screening medium containing 7.5 mg/l hygromycin, the maximum transformation frequency can reach 73.85%. GFP and PCR detection yielded a total of 9 positive transgenic hairy root lines and 11 positive transgenic regenerated plants. SmGGPPS1 was successfully overexpressed in positive transgenic regenerated plants, according to the results of qRT-PCR. The content of tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone were dramatically enhanced in transgenic regenerated plants and hairy roots by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography analysis. Based on the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of S. miltiorrhiza, this study developed a new method for regenerating plants with transgenic hairy roots. This method provides a foundation for the breeding of S. miltiorrhiza and the sustainable development of medicinal plant resources, as well as provides a useful reference for the application of other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuekai Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Caicai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Taishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Bei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Ruihao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Zhenqiao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
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Zhou J, Liu R, Shuai M, Yan ZY, Chen X. Comparative transcriptome analyses of different Salvia miltiorrhiza varieties during the accumulation of tanshinones. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12300. [PMID: 34721983 PMCID: PMC8541307 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza (Labiatae) is an important medicinal plant in traditional Chinese medicine. Tanshinones are one of the main active components of S. miltiorrhiza. It has been found that the intraspecific variation of S. miltiorrhiza is relatively large and the content of tanshinones in its roots of different varieties is also relatively different. To investigate the molecular mechanisms that responsible for the differences among these varieties, the tanshinones content was determined and comparative transcriptomics analysis was carried out during the tanshinones accumulation stage. A total of 52,216 unigenes were obtained from the transcriptome by RNA sequencing among which 23,369 genes were differentially expressed among different varieties, and 2,016 genes including 18 diterpenoid biosynthesis-related genes were differentially expressed during the tanshinones accumulation stage. Functional categorization of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among these varieties revealed that the pathway related to photosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, diterpenoid biosynthesis, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis are the most differentially regulated processes in these varieties. The six tanshinone components in these varieties showed different dynamic changes in tanshinone accumulation stage. In addition, combined with the analysis of the dynamic changes, 277 DEGs (including one dehydrogenase, three CYP450 and 24 transcription factors belonging to 12 transcription factor families) related to the accumulation of tanshinones components were obtained. Furthermore, the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of these 277 DEGs suggested that there might be an interconnection between the primary metabolic processes, signaling processes and the accumulation of tanshinones components. This study expands the vision of intraspecific variation and gene regulation mechanism of secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways in medicinal plants from the “omics” perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicinal Resources in Southwest, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicinal Resources in Southwest, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Shuai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicinal Resources in Southwest, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhu-Yun Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicinal Resources in Southwest, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicinal Resources in Southwest, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Cytokinin-Based Tissue Cultures for Stable Medicinal Plant Production: Regeneration and Phytochemical Profiling of Salvia bulleyana Shoots. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101513. [PMID: 34680145 PMCID: PMC8533636 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia bulleyana is a rare Chinese medicinal plant that due to the presence of polyphenols lowers the risk of some chronic diseases especially those related to the cardiovascular system. The present study examines the organogenic competence of various combinations and concentrations of plant growth regulators to develop an efficient protocol for in vitro regeneration of S. bulleyana via leaf explants, maintaining the high production of active constituents. The purpose of the study was also to assess the possibilities of using a cytokinin-based regeneration to effectively produce therapeutic compounds. The adventitious shoot formation was observed through direct organogenesis on media with purine derivatives (meta-topolin, mT and benzylaminopurine, BAP), and through indirect organogenesis on media with urea derivatives (tidiazuron, TDZ and forchlorfenuron, CPPU). The highest regeneration frequency (95%) with 5.2 shoots per explant was obtained on leaves cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.1 mg/L naphthalene-1-acetic acid (NAA) and 2 mg/L BAP. Following inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker-based profiling, the obtained organogenic shoot lines revealed a similar banding pattern to the mother line, with total variability of 4.2–13.7%, indicating high level of genetic stability. The similar genetic profile of the studied lines translated into similar growth parameters. Moreover, HPLC analysis revealed no qualitative differences in the profile of bioactive metabolites; also, the total polyphenol content was similar for different lines, with the exception of the shoots obtained in the presence of CPPU that produced higher level of bioactive compounds. This is the first report of an effective and rapid in vitro organogenesis protocol for S. bulleyana, which can be efficiently employed for obtaining stable cultures rich in bioactive metabolites.
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Song Z, Li X. Recent Advances in Molecular Marker-Assisted Breeding for Quality Improvement of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:867-875. [PMID: 32351179 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200430121013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quality of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), reflected by its bioactive compounds and associated contents, is directly linked to its clinical efficacy. Therefore, it is of great importance to improve the quality of TCM by increasing the bioactive compound content. METHODS Mapping the active component content-associated QTLs in TCM and further markerassisted breeding has enabled us to rapidly and effectively cultivate new varieties with high bioactive compound contents, which has opened the door for genetic breeding studies on medicinal plants. RESULTS In this paper, a strategy and technical molecular breeding method for TCM are discussed. The development of four methods and progress in functional marker development, as well as the applications of such markers in TCM, are reviewed. CONCLUSION The progress in, challenges of, and future of marker-assisted breeding for quality improvement of TCM are discussed, which provide valuable scientific references for future molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqiao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xingfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
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Sunar S, Korkmaz M, SiĞmaz B, AĞar G. Determination of the Genetic Relationships Among Salvia Species by RAPD and ISSR Analyses. Turk J Pharm Sci 2020; 17:480-485. [PMID: 33177927 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2018.24572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Salvia L. is the largest genus of the family Lamiaceae, which includes approximately 1000 species. According to recent studies, 100 Salvia species in total grow in Turkey. At the same time, 53% of them are endemic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic relationships among 15 Salvia species that grow in wild conditions in Turkey's Eastern Anatolia region. Materials and Methods The genetic relationships among 15 Salvia species were investigated using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and random amplified polymorphic-DNA (RAPD) profiles in the present study. Thirteen ISSR primers and 11 RAPD primers were utilized. The ISSR and RAPD data were combined to construct the unweighted pair group method using arithmetic average cluster. Results Based on the RAPD and ISSR data, the Salvia species were classified into six groups. As a result of the combined analysis, it was shown that similarities between the species varied between 0.54 (S. rosifolia-S. sclarea, S. rosifolia-S. limbata, and S. staminea-S. verticillata) and 0.93 (S. sclera-S. divaricata). Conclusion The findings show that the two markers represent powerful instruments for assessing the genetic diversity and relationships among Salvia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serap Sunar
- Erzincan University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Korkmaz
- Erzincan University Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Burcu SiĞmaz
- Atatürk University Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Güleray AĞar
- Atatürk University Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Erzurum, Turkey
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Feng T, Jia Q, Meng X, Chen X, Wang F, Chai W, Liang Z. Evaluation of genetic diversity and construction of DNA fingerprinting in Polygonatum Mill. based on EST-SSR and SRAP molecular markers. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:322. [PMID: 32656055 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02316-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygonatum sibiricum is widely consumed as a traditional Chinese herb and edible plant in China. Despite its nutritional and medical values, research on Polygonatum Mill. has been scarce, particularly as far as its genetic diversity is concerned. In this study, fourteen expressed sequence tag-derived simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) and seven sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers were used to evaluate the genetic diversity in fifty Polygonatum Mill. accessions. The EST-SSRs and SRAPs produced 173 (90.58%) and 113 (93.39%) polymorphic bands, respectively. Unweighted Pair-Group Method Analysis (UPGMA) based on the combined data matrices of EST-SSRs and SRAPs divided the fifty Polygonatum Mill. accessions into fourteen groups. In addition, accessions of P. cyrtonema Hua obtained from Anhui and Zhejiang provinces were clustered according to their geographic origin. Furthermore, some accessions were gathered together based on species, such as P. kingianum Coll. et Hemsl, P. punctatum Royle ex Kunth, P. odoratum (Mill.) Druce, and P. sibiricum Red., and bootstrap analysis for clustering fully supported the grouping of the accessions. The Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) results revealed higher variation within populations (95%) rather than among populations (5%), indicating that Polygonatum Mill. has a low genetic differentiation between populations, and Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) greatly supported the results of cluster analysis and AMOVA analysis. Finally, five markers which could produce abundant and stable bands were used to construct DNA fingerprinting database of Polygonatum Mill.. Our results demonstrated the utility of both EST-SSR and SRAP markers to successfully evaluate and identify Polygonatum Mill..
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinghui Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018 Zhejiang China
| | - Qiaojun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018 Zhejiang China
| | - Xin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018 Zhejiang China
| | - Xiliang Chen
- Zhejiang WSKOO Biotechnology Co.,Ltd., Wuyi, 321200 Zhejiang China
| | - Feifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018 Zhejiang China
| | - Weiguo Chai
- Institute of Biotechnology, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018 Zhejiang China
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Xiang L, Li XL, Wang XS, Yang J, Lv K, Xiong ZQ, Chen FQ, Huang CM. Genetic diversity and population structure of Distylium chinense revealed by ISSR and SRAP analysis in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region of the Yangtze River, China. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Fabriki-Ourang S, Karimi H. Assessment of genetic diversity and relationships among Salvia species using gene targeted CAAT box-derived polymorphism markers. J Genet 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-019-1121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yan W, Li J, Zheng D, Friedman C, Wang H. Analysis of genetic population structure and diversity in Mallotus oblongifolius using ISSR and SRAP markers. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7173. [PMID: 31275758 PMCID: PMC6590392 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mallotus oblongifolius, an evergreen shrub endemic to Hainan Island, China, is important both medicinally and economically. Due to its special medicinal significance and the continuing rise of market demand, its populations in the wild have been subject to long-term illegal and unrestrained collection. Hence, an evaluation of genetic variability is essential for the conservation and genetic reserve development of this species. Methods Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were employed to assess the genetic diversity and genetic structure of 20 natural populations of M. oblongifolius growing in different eco-geographical regions of Hainan Island, China. Results We revealed a considerable genetic diversity (h = 0.336, I = 0.5057, SRAP markers; h = 0.3068, I = 0.4657, ISSR markers) and weak genetic differentiation (Gst = 0.2764 for SRAP, Gst = 0.2709 for ISSR) with the same gene flow (Nm = 1.3092 for SRAP, Nm = 1.346 for ISSR) among the M. oblongifolius populations. The Mantel Test showed that the distribution of genetic variation among populations could not be explained by the pronounced geographical distances (r = 0.01255, p = 0.5538). All results of the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA), Neighbor-joining (NJ), Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) and Bayesian analyses supported a habitat-specific genetic clustering model for M. oblongifolius, indicating a local adaptive divergence for the studied populations. Discussion We suggested that the habitat fragmentation and specificity for M. oblongifolius populations weakened the natural gene flow and promoted an adaptation to special habitats, which was the main reason for local adaptive divergence among M. oblongifolius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuping Yan
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Juanling Li
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Daojun Zheng
- Institute of Tropical Horticulture, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Cynthia Friedman
- The Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Concordia University of Edmonton, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Huafeng Wang
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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Fabriki-Ourang S, Yousefi-Azarkhanian M. Genetic variability and relationships among Salvia ecotypes/species revealed by TRAP-CoRAP markers. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2018.1534555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Fabriki-Ourang
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
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Molecular variation and population structure in endangered Limonium bicolor: genetic diversity of microsatellite markers and amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. J Genet 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-018-0994-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Pourhosseini SH, Hadian J, Sonboli A, Nejad Ebrahimi S, Mirjalili MH. Genetic and Chemical Diversity in Perovskia abrotanoides Kar. (Lamiaceae) Populations Based on ISSRs Markers and Essential Oils Profile. Chem Biodivers 2018; 15:e1700508. [PMID: 29350879 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and the essential oil composition variability among twelve Perovskia abrotanoides populations (PAbPs) growing wild in Iran were assessed by ISSR markers, GC-FID and GC/MS, respectively. Nine selected ISSR primers produced 119 discernible bands, of them 96 (80.7%) being polymorphic. Genetic similarity values among populations ranged between 0.07 and 0.79 which indicated a high level of genetic variation. Polymorphic information content, resolving power and marker index generated by ISSR primers were, 0.31, 6.14, and 3.32, respectively. UPGMA grouped PAbPs into four main clusters. Altogether, 38 chemical compounds were identified in the oils, and a relatively high variation in their contents was found. Camphor (11.9 - 27.5%), 1,8-cineole (11.3 - 21.3%), α-bisabolol (0.0 - 13.1%), α-pinene (5.9 - 10.8%), and δ-3-carene (0.1 - 10.5%) were the major compounds. Oxygenated monoterpenes (32.1 - 35.8%) and monoterpene hydrocarbons (25.7 - 30.4%) were the main groups of compounds in the oils studied. Cluster analysis and principal-component analysis were used to characterize the samples according to oil components. Four main chemotypes were found to be Chemotype I (camphor/1,8-cineol), Chemotype II (1,8-cineole/camphor), Chemotype III (camphor/1,8-cineol/α-bisabolol), and Chemotype IV (camphor/δ-3-carene/α-bisabolol). The information, provided here on P. abrotanoides populations, will be useful to introduce this plant into agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Hossein Pourhosseini
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, 1983969411, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Hadian
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, 1983969411, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sonboli
- Department of Biology, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, 1983969411, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samad Nejad Ebrahimi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, 1983969411, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, 1983969411, Tehran, Iran
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Hatipoglu SD, Yalcinkaya B, Akgoz M, Ozturk T, Goren AC, Topcu G. Screening of Hallucinogenic Compounds and Genomic Characterisation of 40 Anatolian Salvia Species. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2017; 28:541-549. [PMID: 28722248 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Salvia, an important and widely available member of Lamiaceae family. Although comparative analysis on secondary metabolites in several Salvia species from Turkey has been reported, their hallucinogenic chemicals have not been screened thoroughly. OBJECTIVE This study provides LC-MS/MS analysis of 40 Salvia species for screening their psychoactive constituents of salvinorin A and salvinorin B. 5S-rRNA gene non-coding region of Salvia plants was sequenced, aligned and compared with that sequence of Salvia divinorum plant. METHODOLOGY Targeted molecules of salvinorin A and salvinorin B were quantified, using LC-MS/MS, from all aerial parts of 40 Salvia species, collected from different parts of Turkey. Regions of 5S-rRNA gene from different species were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequences were aligned with Salvia divinorum DNA sequences. RESULTS Very few of the Salvia species (S. recognita, S. cryptantha and S. glutinosa) contained relatively high levels of salvinorin A (212.86 ± 20.46 μg/g, 51.50 ± 4.95 μg/g and 38.92 ± 3.74 μg/g, respectively). Salvinorin B was also found in Salvia species of S. potentillifolia, S. adenocaulon and S. cryptantha as 2351.99 ± 232.22 μg/g, 768.78 ± 75.90 μg/g and 402.24 ± 39.71 μg/g, respectively. The sequences of 5S-rRNA gene of 40 different Salvia species were presented and it was found that none of the Salvia species in Turkey had similar DNA sequence to Salvia divinorum plant. CONCLUSION This is the first report of screening 40 Salvia species in Turkey according to their psychoactive constituents, salvinorin A and salvinorin B and their genomic structures. It is possible that some of these Salvia species may exhibit some psycho activity. Thus, they need to be screened further. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Damla Hatipoglu
- TUBITAK National Metrology Institute (UME), Reference Materials Laboratory, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burhanettin Yalcinkaya
- Bioanalysis Laboratory, TUBITAK National Metrology Institute (UME), 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Muslum Akgoz
- Bioanalysis Laboratory, TUBITAK National Metrology Institute (UME), 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Turan Ozturk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, TUBITAK National Metrology Institute (UME), 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ahmet C Goren
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, TUBITAK National Metrology Institute (UME), 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gulacti Topcu
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakıf University, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
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Sarrou E, Ganopoulos I, Xanthopoulou A, Masuero D, Martens S, Madesis P, Mavromatis A, Chatzopoulou P. Genetic diversity and metabolic profile of Salvia officinalis populations: implications for advanced breeding strategies. PLANTA 2017; 246:201-215. [PMID: 28314999 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2666-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
As a result of this work, we were able to characterize seven indigenous to Greece Salvia officinalis populations using genetic and metabolomic tools. These tools can be used to select the most promising genotypes, capable to design future breeding programs for high valuable varieties. An initial investigation was carried out to compare the genetic and metabolic diversity in S. officinalis grown in Greece and to discern the relationship between the two sets of data. Analysis of inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) revealed significant genetic differences among seven sage populations, which were grouped into three main clusters according to an UPGMA ISSR data-based dendrogram and Principle Coordinate Analysis. 80 loci were scored of which up to 90% were polymorphic at species level. According to the composition of their essential oil, the populations were classified into two chemotypes: 1.8 cineole/α-thujone and α-thujone/1.8 cineole. Additionally, a targeted ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC-MS/MS) method was used to qualify and quantify phenolic compounds in methanolic extracts of the seven sage genotypes according to which they were districted in six clusters among the sage populations. The main compounds characterizing the seven genotypes were rosmarinic acid and carnosol, followed by apigenin-7-O-glucoside (Ap7glc), and luteolin-7-O-glucoside (Lu7glc). The correlation between matrices obtained from ISSR data and metabolic profiles was non-significant. However, based on the differences in metabolic fingerprint, we aimed to define populations using as main selection criteria the high polyphenol content and desired essential oil composition, using state to the art analytical tools for the identification of parent lines for breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Sarrou
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER, Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources Institute, PB&GRI, Thermi, Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece.
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Ioannis Ganopoulos
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, 6th km Charilaou-Thermis Road, Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aliki Xanthopoulou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, 6th km Charilaou-Thermis Road, Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Domenico Masuero
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition Department, IASMA Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Stefan Martens
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition Department, IASMA Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Panagiotis Madesis
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, 6th km Charilaou-Thermis Road, Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios Mavromatis
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paschalina Chatzopoulou
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER, Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources Institute, PB&GRI, Thermi, Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece
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Palma-Rojas C, Gonzalez C, Carrasco B, Silva H, Silva-Robledo H. Genetic, cytological and molecular characterization of chia ( Salvia hispanica L.) provenances. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Wang H, Hao N, Chen L, Li G. Development of intron polymorphism markers in major latex- like protein gene for locality-level and cultivar identification of Salvia miltiorrhiza. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1919. [PMID: 27867826 PMCID: PMC5097057 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3611-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) is one of the most widely used medicinal herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. Locality-level and cultivar identification is of great importance not only for protecting highest therapeutic effectiveness of Daodi Danshen, but also for the genetic conservation and utilization of existing S. miltiorrhiza populations. RESULTS Intron polymorphisms including SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and indels were exploited in major latex-like protein (MLP) gene. Based on these markers, genetic relationships among S. miltiorrhiza cultivar and populations in different locations were evaluated by constructing a dendrogram. Moreover, S. miltiorrhiza specimens from Laiwu region were geographically distinguishable by the developed SNP marker. A 204 bp-indel marker was exploited for the first space breeding cultivar Luyuan Danshen-1 (LD-1), and an effective real-time PCR assay was successfully developed for fast screening of LD-1 among local landraces. CONCLUSIONS MLP intron is a valuable DNA barcode for intra-specific study of S. miltiorrhiza populations, and the developed markers can serve as a useful tool for molecular identification of LD-1 cultivar and geographically distinct populations of S. miltiorrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Hao
- School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guisheng Li
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
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Construction of the first high-density genetic linkage map of Salvia miltiorrhiza using specific length amplified fragment (SLAF) sequencing. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24070. [PMID: 27040179 PMCID: PMC4819198 DOI: 10.1038/srep24070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza is an important medicinal crop in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Knowledge of its genetic foundation is limited because sufficient molecular markers have not been developed, and therefore a high-density genetic linkage map is incomplete. Specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) is a recently developed high-throughput strategy for large-scale SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) discovery and genotyping based on next generation sequencing (NGS). In this study, genomic DNA extracted from two parents and their 96 F1 individuals was subjected to high-throughput sequencing and SLAF library construction. A total of 155.96 Mb of data containing 155,958,181 pair-end reads were obtained after preprocessing. The average coverage of each SLAF marker was 83.43-fold for the parents compared with 10.36-fold for the F1 offspring. The final linkage map consists of 5,164 SLAFs in 8 linkage groups (LGs) and spans 1,516.43 cM, with an average distance of 0.29 cM between adjacent markers. The results will not only provide a platform for mapping quantitative trait loci but also offer a critical new tool for S. miltiorrhiza biotechnology and comparative genomics as well as a valuable reference for TCM studies.
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Kharazian N, Rahimi S, Shiran B. Genetic diversity and morphological variability of fifteen Stachys (Lamiaceae) species from Iran using morphological and ISSR molecular markers. Biologia (Bratisl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2015-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Patil SM, Chandanshive VV, Tamboli AS, Adsul AA, Yadav SR, Govindwar SP. Analysis of genetic variability in endemic medicinal plants of genus Chlorophytum from the Indian subcontinent using amplified fragment length polymorphism marker. C R Biol 2015; 338:838-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Liu N, Liu ZL, Gong G, Zhang M, Wang X, Zhou Y, Qi X, Chen H, Yang J, Luo P, Yang C. Virulence Structure of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici and Its Genetic Diversity by ISSR and SRAP Profiling Analyses. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130881. [PMID: 26098844 PMCID: PMC4476801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, which causes wheat powdery mildew, is an obligate biotrophic pathogen that can easily genetically adapt to its host plant. Understanding the virulence structure of and genetic variations in this pathogen is essential for disease control and for breeding resistance to wheat powdery mildew. This study investigated 17 pathogenic populations in Sichuan, China and classified 109 isolates into two distinct groups based on pathogenicity analysis: high virulence (HV, 92 isolates) and low virulence (LV, 17 isolates). Populations from Yibin (Southern region), Xichang (Western region), and Meishan (Middle region) showed lower virulence frequencies than populations from other regions. Many of the previously known resistance genes did not confer resistance in this study. The resistance gene Pm21 displayed an immune response to pathogenic challenge with all populations in Sichuan, and Pm13, Pm5b, Pm2+6, and PmXBD maintained resistance. AMOVA revealed significantly higher levels of variation within populations and lower levels of variation among populations within regions. High levels of gene flow were detected among populations in the four regions. Closely related populations within each region were distinguished by cluster analyses using ISSR and SRAP alleles. Both ISSR and SRAP allele profiling analyses revealed high levels of genetic diversity among pathogenic populations in Sichuan. Although ISSR and SRAP profiling analysis showed similar resolutions, the SRAP alleles appeared to be more informative. We did not detect any significant association between these alleles and the virulence or pathogenicity of the pathogen. Our results suggest that ISSR and SRAP alleles are more efficient for the characterization of small or closely related populations versus distantly related populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z. Lewis Liu
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Guoshu Gong
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - You Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobo Qi
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huabao Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jizhi Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peigao Luo
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunping Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Ge D, Daizhen Z. Application of sequence-related amplified polymorphism to genetic diversity analysis in Limonium sinense. J Genet 2015; 94:e35-8. [PMID: 26166201 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-015-0524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Ge
- Chemical and Biological Engineering College, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jiangsu Yancheng 224051, People's Republic of
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Erbano M, Schühli GSE, dos Santos ÉP. Genetic variability and population structure of Salvia lachnostachys: implications for breeding and conservation programs. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:7839-50. [PMID: 25856679 PMCID: PMC4425052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16047839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic diversity and population structure of Salvia lachnostachys Benth were assessed. Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) molecular markers were used to investigate the restricted distribution of S. lachnostachys in Parana State, Brazil. Leaves of 73 individuals representing three populations were collected. DNA was extracted and submitted to PCR-ISSR amplification with nine tested primers. Genetic diversity parameters were evaluated. Our analysis indicated 95.6% polymorphic loci (stress value 0.02) with a 0.79 average Simpson's index. The Nei-Li distance dendrogram and principal component analysis largely recovered the geographical origin of each sample. Four major clusters were recognized representing each collected population. Nei's gene diversity and Shannon's information index were 0.25 and 0.40 respectively. As is typical for outcrossing herbs, the majority of genetic variation occurred at the population level (81.76%). A high gene flow (Nm = 2.48) was observed with a correspondingly low fixation index. These values were generally similar to previous studies on congeneric species. The results of principal coordinate analysis (PCA) and of arithmetic average (UPGMA) were consistent and all three populations appear distinct as in STRUCTURE analysis. In addition, this analysis indicated a majority intrapopulation genetic variation. Despite the human pressure on natural populations our study found high levels of genetic diversity for S. lachnostachys. This was the first molecular assessment for this endemic species with medicinal proprieties and the results can guide for subsequent bioprospection, breeding programs or conservation actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Erbano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 80210-170 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; E-Mail:
| | | | - Élide Pereira dos Santos
- Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 81530-900 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Bentley L, Barker NP, Dold AP. Genetic diversity of the endangered Faucaria tigrina (Aizoaceae) through ISSR “fingerprinting” using automated fragment detection. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Feng S, Yang T, Li X, Chen L, Liu Z, Wei A. Genetic relationships of Chinese prickly ash as revealed by ISSR markers. Biologia (Bratisl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2015-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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Karimi A, Hadian J, Farzaneh M, Khadivi-Khub A. Evaluation of genetic variability, rust resistance and marker-detection in cultivated Artemisia dracunculus from Iran. Gene 2015; 554:224-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Huang C, Liu G, Bai C, Wang W. Genetic analysis of 430 Chinese Cynodon dactylon accessions using sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:19134-46. [PMID: 25338051 PMCID: PMC4227265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151019134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Cynodon dactylon (C. dactylon) is widely distributed in China, information on its genetic diversity within the germplasm pool is limited. The objective of this study was to reveal the genetic variation and relationships of 430 C. dactylon accessions collected from 22 Chinese provinces using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers. Fifteen primer pairs were used to amplify specific C. dactylon genomic sequences. A total of 481 SRAP fragments were generated, with fragment sizes ranging from 260-1800 base pairs (bp). Genetic similarity coefficients (GSC) among the 430 accessions averaged 0.72 and ranged from 0.53-0.96. Cluster analysis conducted by two methods, namely the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) and principle coordinate analysis (PCoA), separated the accessions into eight distinct groups. Our findings verify that Chinese C. dactylon germplasms have rich genetic diversity, which is an excellent basis for C. dactylon breeding for new cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqiong Huang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou 571737, China.
| | - Guodao Liu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou 571737, China.
| | - Changjun Bai
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou 571737, China.
| | - Wenqiang Wang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou 571737, China.
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Hu Y, Xie X, Wang L, Zhang H, Yang J, Li Y. Genetic variation in cultivated Rheum tanguticum populations. Genet Mol Biol 2014; 37:540-8. [PMID: 25249777 PMCID: PMC4171762 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572014000400010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine whether cultivation reduced genetic variation in the important Chinese medicinal plant Rheum tanguticum, the levels and distribution of genetic variation were investigated using ISSR markers. Fifty-eight R. tanguticum individuals from five cultivated populations were studied. Thirteen primers were used and a total of 320 DNA bands were scored. High levels of genetic diversity were detected in cultivated R. tanguticum (PPB = 82.19, H = 0.2498, HB = 0.3231, I = 0.3812) and could be explained by the outcrossing system, as well as long-lived and human-mediated seed exchanges. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that more genetic variation was found within populations (76.1%) than among them (23.9%). This was supported by the coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst = 0.2742) and Bayesian analysis (θB = 0.1963). The Mantel test revealed no significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances among populations (r = 0.1176, p = 0.3686). UPGMA showed that the five cultivated populations were separated into three clusters, which was in good accordance with the results provided by the Bayesian software STRUCTURE (K = 3). A short domestication history and no artificial selection may be an effective way of maintaining and conserving the gene pools of wild R. tanguticum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Hu
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology , the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining , China
| | - Xiaolong Xie
- School of Pharmacy , Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Li Wang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology , the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining , China
| | - Huaigang Zhang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology , the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining , China
| | - Jian Yang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology , the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining , China
| | - Yi Li
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology , the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining , China
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Peng L, Ru M, Wang B, Wang Y, Li B, Yu J, Liang Z. Genetic diversity assessment of a germplasm collection of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. based on morphology, ISSR and SRAP markers. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2014.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Huang CQ, Liu GD, Bai CJ, Wang WQ, Tang J. Application of SRAP markers in the identification of Stylosanthes guianensis hybrids. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:5923-9. [PMID: 24965147 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3467-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) is a new molecular marker technology developed based on polymerase chain reaction. The authenticity of 84 progenies of 8 hybrid combinations of Stylosanthes guianensis was identified by SRAP markers to select the true hybrids used in the present study. A total of 35 SRAP primer combinations were selected from the parents of 8 hybrid combinations. The selected polymorphism primer combinations were applied to identify the authenticity of all progenies. The male parents of the primer combinations had specific markers, whereas the female parents did not. 68 progenies exhibited male parent-specific bands, which were identified as true hybrids. The rest of the progenies were considered self-hybrids because of the absence of male parent-specific bands. The results of hybrid identification provided solid evidence for further studies of hybrids and demonstrated SRAP molecular markers as a useful technology for assessing the purity of S. guianensis hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Q Huang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, China,
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Hadian J, Kavand S, Ahmadi J, Khadivi-Khub A. Genotypic diversity and structure of Satureja mutica revealed by inter-simple sequence repeat markers. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2013.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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A preliminary study for identification of candidate AFLP markers under artificial selection for shell color in pearl oyster Pinctada fucata. Gene 2014; 542:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhu S, Liu T, Tang Q, Fu L, Tang S. Evaluation of bamboo genetic diversity using morphological and SRAP analyses. RUSS J GENET+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795414030132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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35
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Khadivi-Khub A, Soorni A. Comprehensive genetic discrimination of Leonurus cardiaca populations by AFLP, ISSR, RAPD and IRAP molecular markers. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:4007-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3269-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Diversity evaluation of Salvia miltiorrhiza using ISSR markers. Biochem Genet 2013; 51:707-21. [PMID: 23712760 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-013-9600-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza is a well-known medicinal plant and functional food in Asia. The range of quality among its germplasms is irregular, which inevitably affects its health and economic benefits. We established a system comprising phenotypic characteristics, ISSR markers, and active constituents to facilitate the comprehensive evaluation of this species. Concerning the phenotypic traits, 55 germplasms were characterized and divided into eight groups. ISSR molecular markers were employed to detect polymorphisms and distinguish germplasms by integrating with phenotypic characteristics. In terms of economic benefits, we were able to screen out the tall-stem and purple-stem types, both with good yields (root biomass) and high contents of active constituents, as members of a preferred-quality group in S. miltiorrhiza. Our study is the first to provide an overall assessment of different S. miltiorrhiza germplasms. The integrated investigation of the phenotypic, genetic, and phytochemical diversity of S. miltiorrhiza germplasms demonstrates the great potential of diverse genotypes to be exploited by plant breeders.
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Ding G, Zhang D, Yu Y, Zhao L, Zhang B. Analysis of genetic variability and population structure of the endemic medicinal Limonium sinense using molecular markers. Gene 2013; 520:189-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chen DX, Li LY, Zhang X, Wang Y, Zhang Z. Genetic diversity in wild Dipsacus chinensis populations from China based on ISSR markers. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2013; 12:1205-13. [PMID: 23661445 DOI: 10.4238/2013.april.12.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Wild Dipsacus chinensis plants in China have become endangered owing to over-harvesting and habitat fragmentation. We examined the genetic diversity and genetic structure of 90 individuals from three populations using inter-simple sequence repeat markers and found that 106 of 173 bands amplified by 22 informative and reliable primers were polymorphic. These findings correspond to a medium level of genetic diversity. At the species level, the estimates of parameters of genetic diversity were as follows: polymorphic loci (61.27%); effective number of alleles (1.3873); Nei's genetic diversity (0.2202); Shannon's information index (0.3235). At the population level, the estimates were polymorphic loci (9.53%); effective number of alleles (1.0419); Nei's genetic diversity (0.0258); Shannon's information index (0.0402). Nei's coefficient of genetic differentiation was 0.8829, which is consistent with Shannon's coefficient of genetic differentiation (0.8757). Most of the genetic variation existed among populations, and some differentiation may have resulted from habitat fragmentation and barriers to gene flow (gene flow = 0.0663). Combining our results with those of on-site field investigation, we conclude that the present genetic diversity and genetic structure of natural populations of D. chinensis have been strongly affected by harvesting and habitat fragmentation. We also propose strategies for the conservation of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- D-X Chen
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Wang X, Yang R, Feng S, Hou X, Zhang Y, Li Y, Ren Y. Genetic variation in Rheum palmatum and Rheum tanguticum (Polygonaceae), two medicinally and endemic species in China using ISSR markers. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51667. [PMID: 23289054 PMCID: PMC3527122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Both Rheum palmatum and R. tanguticum are important but endangered medicinal plants endemic to China. In this study, we aimed to (i) investigate the level and pattern of genetic variability within/among populations of those species; (ii) evaluate genetic differentiation between both species and its relationships and ascertain whether both species are consistent with their current taxonomical treatment as separate species; and (iii) discuss the implications for the effective conservation of two species. Methods Total 574 individuals from 30 populations of R. palmatum and R. tanguticum were collected, covering the entire distribution range of two species in China. The genetic variation within and among 30 populations was evaluated using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Important Findings Twelve selected ISSR primers generated a total of 175 fragments, 173 (98.86%) of which were polymorphic. The Nei's gene diversity (H) and Shannon's index (I) of both species were high at species level (H = 0.3107, I = 0.4677 for R. palmatum; H = 0.2848, I = 0.4333 for R. tanguticum). But for both species, the genetic diversity was low at population level, and average within-population diversity of R. palmatum was H = 0.1438, I = 0.2151, and that of R. tanguticum was H = 0.1415, I = 0.2126. The hierarchical AMOVA revealed high levels of among-population genetic differentiation in both species, in line with the gene differentiation coefficient and the limited among-population gene flow (R. palmatum: Φst = 0.592, Gst = 0.537, Nm = 0.432; R. tanguticum: Φst = 0.567, Gst = 0.497, Nm = 0.507). By contrast, only 6.52% of the total genetic variance was partitioned between R. palmatum and R. tanguticum. Bayesian analysis, UPGMA cluster analysis, and PCoA analysis all demonstrated the similar results. A significant isolation-by-distance pattern was revealed in R. palmatum (r = 0.547, P = 0.010), but not in R. tanguticum (r = 0.241, P = 0.100). Based on these results, effective conservation strategies were proposed for these two species. The small molecular variance between R. palmatum and R. tanguticum revealed that they had a common ancestor, and we considered that these two species might not be good species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xumei Wang
- College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Badfar-Chaleshtori S, Shiran B, Kohgard M, Mommeni H, Hafizi A, Khodambashi M, Mirakhorli N, Sorkheh K. Assessment of genetic diversity and structure of Imperial Crown (Fritillaria imperialis L.) populations in the Zagros region of Iran using AFLP, ISSR and RAPD markers and implications for its conservation. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2011.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Wang XM, Hou XQ, Zhang YQ, Yang R, Feng SF, Li Y, Ren Y. Genetic diversity of the endemic and medicinally important plant Rheum officinale as revealed by Inter-Simpe Sequence Repeat (ISSR) Markers. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:3900-3915. [PMID: 22489188 PMCID: PMC3317748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13033900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheum officinale Baill., an important but endangered medicinal herb, is endemic to China. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were employed to investigate the genetic diversity and differentiation of 12 populations of R. officinale. Thirteen selected primers yielded 189 bright and discernible bands, with an average of 14.54 per primer. The genetic diversity was low at the population level, but pretty high at the species level (H = 0.1008, I = 0.1505, PPB = 28.95% vs. H = 0.3341, I = 0.5000, PPB = 95.24%, respectively) by POPGENE analysis. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that the genetic variation was found mainly among populations (74.38%), in line with the limited gene flow (N(m) = 0.2766) among populations. Mantel test revealed a significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances (r = 0.5381, P = 0.002), indicating the role of geographic isolation in shaping the present population genetic structure. Both Bayesian analysis and UPGMA cluster analysis demonstrated the similar results. Our results imply that the conservation efforts should aim to preserve all the extant populations of this endangered species, and cultivation is proposed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Mei Wang
- College of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; E-Mails: (R.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiao-Qi Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; E-Mails: (X.-Q.H.); (Y.-Q.Z); (S.-F.F); (Y.R.)
| | - Yu-Qu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; E-Mails: (X.-Q.H.); (Y.-Q.Z); (S.-F.F); (Y.R.)
| | - Rui Yang
- College of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; E-Mails: (R.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shi-Fang Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; E-Mails: (X.-Q.H.); (Y.-Q.Z); (S.-F.F); (Y.R.)
| | - Yan Li
- College of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; E-Mails: (R.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yi Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; E-Mails: (X.-Q.H.); (Y.-Q.Z); (S.-F.F); (Y.R.)
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Zhang QS, Xu BL, Liu LD, Yuan QQ, Dong HX, Cheng XH, Lin DL. Analysis of genetic diversity among Chinese Pleurotus citrinopileatus Singer cultivars using two molecular marker systems (ISSRs and SRAPs) and morphological traits. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 28:2237-48. [PMID: 22806047 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the genetic diversity of Pleurotus citrinopileatus Singer cultivars in China, 20 P. citrinopileatus strains were analyzed using morphological traits, inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) molecular markers. Eleven ISSR primers amplified a total of 116 DNA fragments of which 96 (82.91%) were polymorphic, whereas 8 SRAP primer pairs amplified 69 fragments of which 65 (93.47%) were polymorphic. Phylogenetic trees constructed on the basis of ISSR, SRAP, and combined ISSR/SRAP analyses using the Unweighted Pair-group Method with Arithmetic Averages method distributed the 20 strains into three or six major groups. The grouping exhibited great similarity and was generally consistent with their morphological characters and antagonism test, which indicated a high level of genetic diversity among P. citrinopileatus Singer and relationship between each other. Based on the genetic analysis, the primary mini-core strains were constructed with progressive sampling method of the smallest genetic distance. The mini-core germplasm collection included 4 strains (strain 2, 5, 7 and 11). Our findings will provide a scientific fundament for facilitating parent selection for broadening genetic base, accelerating the genetic breeding, identification of cultivated strains and the development of bioactive products from this commercially important medicinal mushroom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Sheng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
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Genetic diversity of Cynodon radiatus assessed by sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
With the emergence of more and more molecular markers as useful tools in plethora of population genetic and phylogenetic studies, choice of marker system for a particular study has become mind boggling. These marker systems differ in their advantages and disadvantages, so it is imperative to keep in mind all the pros and cons of the technique while selecting one for the problem to be addressed.Here, we have shed light on the ISSR (intersimple sequence repeat) technique, as a marker of choice if one wants to go for properties such as reliability, simplicity, cost effectiveness, and speed, in addition to assessing genetic diversity between closely related individuals. We have outlined here the whole methodology of this technique with an example of Tribulus terrestris as case study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sarwat
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India.
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Sarwat M, Nabi G, Das S, Srivastava PS. Molecular markers in medicinal plant biotechnology: past and present. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2011; 32:74-92. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2011.551872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Genetic analysis and marker assisted identification of life phases of red alga Gracilaria corticata (J. Agardh). Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:4211-8. [PMID: 21116855 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0543-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study firstly reports the cytological and molecular marker assisted differentiation of isomorphic population of Gracilaria corticata (J. Agardh) with inter and intra-phasic genetic diversity analysis using ISSR markers. The genetic diversity of inbreeding population of G. corticata as determined in terms of percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL), average heterozygosity (He) and Shannon's Weaver index (I) were 59.80, 0.59 and 1.21, respectively. The inter-phasic pair-wise average polymorphism were found to be 31.6% between male and female, 24.0% in male and tetrasporophyte and 25.3% in female and tetrasporophyte. The intra-phasic average polymorphisms were calculated as a maximum of 5.5% between females, 4.2% between males and the lowest 2.4% between tetrasporophytes. The primer 10 generated a marker of 800 bp specific to male and 650 bp to female gametophyte, while the primer 17 generated a marker of 2,500 bp specific to tetrasporophyte. Both the UPGMA based dendrogram and PCA analysis clustered all the three life phases differentially as distinct identity. Cytological analysis by chromosome count revealed 24 chromosomes in both haploid male and female gametophytes (N) and 48 for diploid (2 N) tetrasporophyte further confirming their genetic distinctness. The life phase specific markers reported in this study could be of help in breeding programmes where differentiation of life phases at the early developmental stages is crucial.
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