1
|
Miao J, Mu W, Bi Y, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Song J, Liu X. Heterokaryotic state of a point mutation (H249Y) in SDHB protein drives the evolution of thifluzamide resistance in Rhizoctonia solani. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:1392-1400. [PMID: 33098218 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, can be effectively controlled by application of the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor thifluzamide. Although the risk of resistance to thifluzamide in R. solani had been reported, the thifluzamide-resistance mechanism and the evolution of thifluzamide-resistance in R. solani have not been investigated in detail. RESULTS No differences were found between the sequences of proteins SDHA, SDHC, and SDHD in thifluzamide-sensitive isolates and thifluzamide-resistant mutants, but a single point mutation H249Y was found in SDHB. Two different types of thifluzamide-resistant R. solani mutants were characterized: homokaryotic, carrying only the resistance allele; and heterokaryotic, retaining the wild-type allele in addition to the resistance allele. The resistance level differed according to the nuclear composition at codon 249 in the sdhB gene. Molecular docking results suggested that the point mutation (H249Y) might significantly alter the affinity of thifluzamide and SDHB protein. Heterokaryotic mutants were able to evolve into a homokaryon when repeatedly cultured on agar media or rice plants in the presence of thifluzamide, but thifluzamide treatment had no effect on the genotypes of homokaryotic mutants or sensitive isolates. CONCLUSION This study showed that H249Y in SDHB protein could cause thifluzamide resistance in R. solani. Fungicide application could promote heterokaryotic mutants to evolve into a homokaryon. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Mu
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment and Leaf Tobacco Quality, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Bi
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment and Leaf Tobacco Quality, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaoliang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jizhen Song
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment and Leaf Tobacco Quality, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Maupetit A, Fabre B, Pétrowski J, Andrieux A, De Mita S, Frey P, Halkett F, Hayden KJ. Evolution of morphological but not aggressiveness-related traits following a major resistance breakdown in the poplar rust fungus, Melampsora larici-populina. Evol Appl 2021; 14:513-523. [PMID: 33664791 PMCID: PMC7896724 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Crop varieties carrying qualitative resistance to targeted pathogens lead to strong selection pressure on parasites, often resulting in resistance breakdown. It is well known that qualitative resistance breakdowns modify pathogen population structure but few studies have analyzed the consequences on their quantitative aggressiveness-related traits. The aim of this study was to characterize the evolution of these traits following a resistance breakdown in the poplar rust fungus, Melampsora larici-populina. We based our experiment on three temporal populations sampled just before the breakdown event, immediately after and four years later. First, we quantified phenotypic differences among populations for a set of aggressiveness traits on a universally susceptible cultivar (infection efficiency, latent period, lesion size, mycelium quantity, and sporulation rate) and one morphological trait (mean spore volume). Then, we estimated heritability to establish which traits could be subjected to adaptive evolution and tested for evidence of selection. Our results revealed significant changes in the morphological trait but no variation in aggressiveness traits. By contrast, recent works have demonstrated that quantitative resistance (initially assumed more durable) could be eroded and lead to increased aggressiveness. Hence, this study is one example suggesting that the use of qualitative resistance may be revealed to be less detrimental to long-term sustainable crop production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Maupetit
- INRAEUniversité de LorraineNancyFrance
- Royal Botanical Garden EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Present address:
IFREMER, Physiology and Biotechnology of Algae LaboratoryNantesFrance
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pereira D, Croll D, Brunner PC, McDonald BA. Natural selection drives population divergence for local adaptation in a wheat pathogen. Fungal Genet Biol 2020; 141:103398. [PMID: 32371235 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2020.103398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Evolution favors the emergence of locally-adapted optimum phenotypes that are likely to differ across a wide array of environmental conditions. The emergence of favorable adaptive characteristics is accelerated in agricultural pathogens due to the unique properties of agro-ecosystems. We performed a QST - FST comparison using 164 strains of Parastagonospora nodorum sampled from eight global field populations to disentangle the predominant evolutionary forces driving population divergence in a wheat pathogen. We used digital image analysis to obtain quantitative measurements of growth rate and melanization at different temperatures and under different fungicide concentrations in a common garden experiment. FST measures were based on complete genome sequences obtained for all 164 isolates. Our analyses indicated that all measured traits were under selection. Growth rates at 18 °C and 24 °C were under stabilizing selection (QST < FST), while diversifying selection (QST > FST) was the predominant evolutionary force affecting growth under fungicide and high temperature stress. Stabilizing selection (QST < FST) was the predominant force affecting melanization across the different environments. Melanin production increased at 30 °C but was negatively correlated with higher growth rates, consistent with a trade-off under heat stress. Our results demonstrate that global populations of P. nodorum possess significant evolutionary potential to adapt to changing local conditions, including warmer temperatures and applications of fungicides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Pereira
- Plant Pathology Group, ETH Zurich, Universitatstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel Croll
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick C Brunner
- Plant Pathology Group, ETH Zurich, Universitatstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruce A McDonald
- Plant Pathology Group, ETH Zurich, Universitatstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu J, Sui Y, Wisniewski M, Xie Z, Liu Y, You Y, Zhang X, Sun Z, Li W, Li Y, Wang Q. The impact of the postharvest environment on the viability and virulence of decay fungi. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:1681-1687. [PMID: 28140651 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1279122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Postharvest decay of fruits, vegetables, and grains by fungal pathogens causes significant economic losses. Infected produce presents a potential health risk since some decay fungi produce mycotoxins that are hazardous to human health. Infections are the result of the interplay between host resistance and pathogen virulence. Both of these processes, however, are significantly impacted by environmental factors, such as temperature, UV, oxidative stress, and water activity. In the present review, the impact of various physical postharvest treatments (e.g., heat and UV) on the viability and virulence of postharvest pathogens is reviewed and discussed. Oxidative injury, protein impairment, and cell wall degradation have all been proposed as the mechanisms by which these abiotic stresses reduce fungal viability and pathogenicity. The response of decay fungi to pH and the ability of pathogens to modulate the pH of the host environment also affect pathogenicity. The effects of the manipulation of the postharvest environment by ethylene, natural edible coatings, and controlled atmosphere storage on fungal viability are also discussed. Lastly, avenues of future research are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- a Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology , College of Forestry & Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences , Yongchuan , China
| | - Yuan Sui
- a Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology , College of Forestry & Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences , Yongchuan , China
| | - Michael Wisniewski
- b U. S. Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) , Kearneysville , West Virginia , USA
| | - Zhigang Xie
- a Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology , College of Forestry & Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences , Yongchuan , China
| | - Yiqing Liu
- a Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology , College of Forestry & Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences , Yongchuan , China
| | - Yuming You
- a Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology , College of Forestry & Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences , Yongchuan , China
| | | | - Zhiqiang Sun
- c Yantai Lvyun Biotechnology Co., Ltd , Yantai , China
| | - Wenhua Li
- c Yantai Lvyun Biotechnology Co., Ltd , Yantai , China
| | - Yan Li
- d Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Plant Pathology , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Qi Wang
- d Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Plant Pathology , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pereira DADS, Ceresini PC, Castroagudín VL, Ramos-Molina LM, Chavarro-Mesa E, Negrisoli MM, Campos SN, Pegolo MES, Takada HM. Population Genetic Structure of Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae from Rice in Latin America and Its Adaptive Potential to Emerge as a Pathogen on Urochloa Pastures. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2017; 107:121-131. [PMID: 27571310 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-16-0219-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The fungus Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae is an important pathogen that causes the aggregated sheath spot disease on rice. In this study, we investigated the genetic structure of rice-adapted populations of R. oryzae-sativae sampled from traditional rice-cropping areas from the Paraíba Valley, São Paulo, Brazil, and from Meta, in the Colombian Llanos, in South America. We used five microsatellite loci to measure population differentiation and infer the pathogen's reproductive system. Gene flow was detected among the three populations of R. oryzae-sativae from lowland rice in Brazil and Colombia. In contrast, a lack of gene flow was observed between the lowland and the upland rice populations of the pathogen. Evidence of sexual reproduction including low clonality, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium within loci and gametic equilibrium between loci, indicated the predominance of a mixed reproductive system in all populations. In addition, we assessed the adaptive potential of the Brazilian populations of R. oryzae-sativae to emerge as a pathogen to Urochloa spp. (signalgrass) based on greenhouse aggressiveness assays. The Brazilian populations of R. oryzae-sativae were probably only incipiently adapted as a pathogen to Urochloa spp. Comparison between RST and QST showed the predominance of diversifying selection in the divergence between the two populations of R. oryzae-sativae from Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo A Dos Santos Pereira
- First, second, third, sixth, seventh and eighth authors, UNESP University of São Paulo State, Campus de Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil; fourth and fifth authors, UNESP Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; eighth author, APTA/IAC, Agronomic Institute of Campinas, Vale do Paraíba Regional Center, Pindamonhangaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo C Ceresini
- First, second, third, sixth, seventh and eighth authors, UNESP University of São Paulo State, Campus de Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil; fourth and fifth authors, UNESP Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; eighth author, APTA/IAC, Agronomic Institute of Campinas, Vale do Paraíba Regional Center, Pindamonhangaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanina L Castroagudín
- First, second, third, sixth, seventh and eighth authors, UNESP University of São Paulo State, Campus de Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil; fourth and fifth authors, UNESP Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; eighth author, APTA/IAC, Agronomic Institute of Campinas, Vale do Paraíba Regional Center, Pindamonhangaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Lina M Ramos-Molina
- First, second, third, sixth, seventh and eighth authors, UNESP University of São Paulo State, Campus de Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil; fourth and fifth authors, UNESP Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; eighth author, APTA/IAC, Agronomic Institute of Campinas, Vale do Paraíba Regional Center, Pindamonhangaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Edisson Chavarro-Mesa
- First, second, third, sixth, seventh and eighth authors, UNESP University of São Paulo State, Campus de Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil; fourth and fifth authors, UNESP Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; eighth author, APTA/IAC, Agronomic Institute of Campinas, Vale do Paraíba Regional Center, Pindamonhangaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus Mereb Negrisoli
- First, second, third, sixth, seventh and eighth authors, UNESP University of São Paulo State, Campus de Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil; fourth and fifth authors, UNESP Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; eighth author, APTA/IAC, Agronomic Institute of Campinas, Vale do Paraíba Regional Center, Pindamonhangaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Samara Nunes Campos
- First, second, third, sixth, seventh and eighth authors, UNESP University of São Paulo State, Campus de Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil; fourth and fifth authors, UNESP Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; eighth author, APTA/IAC, Agronomic Institute of Campinas, Vale do Paraíba Regional Center, Pindamonhangaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauro E S Pegolo
- First, second, third, sixth, seventh and eighth authors, UNESP University of São Paulo State, Campus de Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil; fourth and fifth authors, UNESP Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; eighth author, APTA/IAC, Agronomic Institute of Campinas, Vale do Paraíba Regional Center, Pindamonhangaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Hélio Minoru Takada
- First, second, third, sixth, seventh and eighth authors, UNESP University of São Paulo State, Campus de Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil; fourth and fifth authors, UNESP Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; eighth author, APTA/IAC, Agronomic Institute of Campinas, Vale do Paraíba Regional Center, Pindamonhangaba, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Stefansson TS, McDonald BA, Willi Y. The influence of genetic drift and selection on quantitative traits in a plant pathogenic fungus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112523. [PMID: 25383967 PMCID: PMC4226542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic drift and selection are ubiquitous evolutionary forces acting to shape genetic variation in populations. While their relative importance has been well studied in plants and animals, less is known about their relative importance in fungal pathogens. Because agro-ecosystems are more homogeneous environments than natural ecosystems, stabilizing selection may play a stronger role than genetic drift or diversifying selection in shaping genetic variation among populations of fungal pathogens in agro-ecosystems. We tested this hypothesis by conducting a QST/FST analysis using agricultural populations of the barley pathogen Rhynchosporium commune. Population divergence for eight quantitative traits (QST) was compared with divergence at eight neutral microsatellite loci (FST) for 126 pathogen strains originating from nine globally distributed field populations to infer the effects of genetic drift and types of selection acting on each trait. Our analyses indicated that five of the eight traits had QST values significantly lower than FST, consistent with stabilizing selection, whereas one trait, growth under heat stress (22°C), showed evidence of diversifying selection and local adaptation (QST>FST). Estimates of heritability were high for all traits (means ranging between 0.55–0.84), and average heritability across traits was negatively correlated with microsatellite gene diversity. Some trait pairs were genetically correlated and there was significant evidence for a trade-off between spore size and spore number, and between melanization and growth under benign temperature. Our findings indicate that many ecologically and agriculturally important traits are under stabilizing selection in R. commune and that high within-population genetic variation is maintained for these traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruce A. McDonald
- Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Willi
- Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ferrucho RL, Ceresini PC, Ramirez-Escobar UM, McDonald BA, Cubeta MA, García-Domínguez C. The population genetic structure of Rhizoctonia solani AG-3PT from potato in the Colombian Andes. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2013; 103:862-869. [PMID: 23464900 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-11-12-0278-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The soilborne fungus Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 3 (AG-3PT) is a globally important potato pathogen. However, little is known about the population genetic processes affecting field populations of R. solani AG-3PT, especially in the South American Colombian Andes, which is near the center of diversity of the two most common groups of cultivated potato, Solanum tuberosum and S. phureja. We analyzed the genetic structure of 15 populations of R. solani AG-3PT infecting potato in Colombia using 11 simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers. In total, 288 different multilocus genotypes were identified among 349 fungal isolates. Clonal fractions within field populations were 7 to 33%. RST statistics indicated a very low level of population differentiation overall, consistent with high contemporary gene flow, though moderate differentiation was found for the most distant southern populations. Genotype flow was also detected, with the most common genotype found widely distributed among field populations. All populations showed evidence of a mixed reproductive mode, including both asexual and sexual reproduction, but two populations displayed evidence of inbreeding.
Collapse
|
8
|
Stefansson TS, McDonald BA, Willi Y. Local adaptation and evolutionary potential along a temperature gradient in the fungal pathogen Rhynchosporium commune. Evol Appl 2013; 6:524-34. [PMID: 23745143 PMCID: PMC3673479 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
To predict the response of plant pathogens to climate warming, data are needed on current thermal adaptation, the pathogen's evolutionary potential, and the link between them. We conducted a common garden experiment using isolates of the fungal pathogen Rhynchosporium commune from nine barley populations representing climatically diverse locations. Clonal replicates of 126 genetically distinct isolates were assessed for their growth rate at 12°C, 18°C, and 22°C. Populations originating from climates with higher monthly temperature variation had higher growth rate at all three temperatures compared with populations from climates with less temperature fluctuation. Population differentiation in growth rate (QST) was significantly higher at 22°C than population differentiation for neutral microsatellite loci (GST), consistent with local adaptation for growth at higher temperatures. At 18°C, we found evidence for stabilizing selection for growth rate as QST was significantly lower than GST. Heritability of growth rate under the three temperatures was substantial in all populations (0.58–0.76). Genetic variation was lower in populations with higher growth rate at the three temperatures and evolvability increased under heat stress in seven of nine populations. Our findings imply that the distribution of this pathogen is unlikely to be genetically limited under climate warming, due to its high genetic variation and plasticity for thermal tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tryggvi S Stefansson
- Institute of Integrative Biology, Plant Pathology, ETH Zürich Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|