1
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Radziejewska I. Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens of MUC1 - Implication in cancer development. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116619. [PMID: 38643541 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation of cancerous epithelial MUC1 protein is specifically altered in comparison to that which is presented by healthy cells. One of such changes is appearing tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) which are rare in normal tissues and are highly correlated with poor clinical outcomes and cancer progression. This review summarizes and describes the role of Tn, T antigens, their sialylated forms as well as fucosylated Lewis epitopes in different aspects of tumor development, progression, and metastasis. Finally, applications of MUC1 glycan epitopes as potential targets for therapeutic strategy of cancers are notified. One of the novelties of this review is presentation of TACAs as inherently connected with MUC1 mucin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Radziejewska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2, Białystok 15-222, Poland.
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2
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Wang X, Pei J, Hao D, Zhang Y, Liao Y, Wang Q, Fan J, Huang L, Wang Z. Online PGC-LC-ESI-MS/MS comparative analysis of variations in human milk O-glycopatterns from different secretor status. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 315:121004. [PMID: 37230641 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
O-glycome is one of the important components of glycoconjugates in human milk which is speculated to provide protective features similar to those observed in free oligosaccharides. The effects of maternal secretor status on free oligosaccharides and N-glycome in milk have been well researched and documented. Currently, milk O-glycome of secretors (Se+) and nonsecretors (Se-) was investigated through reductive β-elimination combined with porous graphitized carbon-liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 70 presumptive O-glycan structures were identified, of which 25 O-glycans (including 14 sulfated O-glycans) were reported for the first time. Notably, 23 O-glycans exhibited significant differences between Se+ and Se- samples (p < 0.05). Compared to Se- group, the O-glycans of the Se+ group was two times more abundant in the total glycosylation, sialylation, fucosylation, and sulfation (p < 0.01). In conclusion, approximately one-third of the milk O-glycosylation was influenced by maternal FUT2-related secretor status. Our data will lay a foundation for the study of O-glycans structure-function relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jiahuan Pei
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Daokuan Hao
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yujie Liao
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Qingling Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jiangbo Fan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Linjuan Huang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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3
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Martins RDS, Kooi EMW, Poelstra K, Hulscher JBF. The role of intestinal alkaline phosphatase in the development of necrotizing enterocolitis. Early Hum Dev 2023; 183:105797. [PMID: 37300991 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2023.105797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating neonatal disease that affects neonates worldwide and often leads to high morbidity and mortality rates. Despite extensive research, the cause of NEC remains unclear, and current treatment options are limited. An important novel finding is the potential role of intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase (IAP) in both pathogenesis and treatment of NEC. IAP can play a vital role in detoxifying liposaccharides (LPS), a key mediator of many pathological processes, thereby reducing the inflammatory response associated with NEC. Furthermore, IAP can help prevent dysbiosis, improve intestinal perfusion, and promote autophagy. In this comprehensive review, we present evidence of the possible connection between IAP and the LPS/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway, impaired gut immunity, and dysbiosis in the preterm gut. Based on these findings, the administration of exogenous IAP might provide promising preventive and therapeutic avenues for the management of NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Dos Santos Martins
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Elisabeth M W Kooi
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Klaas Poelstra
- Department of Nanomedicine and Drug Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan B F Hulscher
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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4
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Bell A, Severi E, Owen CD, Latousakis D, Juge N. Biochemical and structural basis of sialic acid utilization by gut microbes. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102989. [PMID: 36758803 PMCID: PMC10017367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbors diverse microbial communities collectively known as the gut microbiota that exert a profound impact on human health and disease. The repartition and availability of sialic acid derivatives in the gut have a significant impact on the modulation of gut microbes and host susceptibility to infection and inflammation. Although N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) is the main form of sialic acids in humans, the sialic acid family regroups more than 50 structurally and chemically distinct modified derivatives. In the GI tract, sialic acids are found in the terminal location of mucin glycan chains constituting the mucus layer and also come from human milk oligosaccharides in the infant gut or from meat-based foods in adults. The repartition of sialic acid in the GI tract influences the gut microbiota composition and pathogen colonization. In this review, we provide an update on the mechanisms underpinning sialic acid utilization by gut microbes, focusing on sialidases, transporters, and metabolic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bell
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuele Severi
- Microbes in Health and Disease, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - C David Owen
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitrios Latousakis
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie Juge
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Norwich, United Kingdom.
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5
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Duca M, Malagolini N, Dall'Olio F. The story of the Sd a antigen and of its cognate enzyme B4GALNT2: What is new? Glycoconj J 2023; 40:123-133. [PMID: 36287346 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The structure Siaα2,3(GalNAcβ1,4)Gal- is the epitope of the Sda antigen, which is expressed on the erythrocytes and secretions of the vast majority of Caucasians, carried by N- and O-linked chains of glycoproteins, as well as by glycolipids. Sda is very similar, but not identical, to ganglioside GM2 [Siaα2,3(GalNAcβ1,4)Galβ1,4Glc-Cer]. The Sda synthase β1,4 N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase 2 (B4GALNT2) exists in a short and a long form, diverging in the aminoterminal domain. The latter has a very long cytoplasmic tail and displays a Golgi- as well as a post-Golgi localization. The biosynthesis of Sda is mutually exclusive with that of the cancer-associated sialyl Lewis antigens, whose structure is Siaα2,3Galβ1,3/4(Fucα1,4/3)GlcNAc-. B4GALNT2 is down-regulated in colon cancer but patients with higher expression survive longer. In experimental systems, B4GALNT2 inhibits colon cancer progression,not only through inhibition of sialyl Lewis antigen biosynthesis. By contrast, in breast cancer B4GALNT2 is associated with malignancy. In colon cancer, the B4GALNT2 gene is regulated by multiple mechanisms, which include miRNA and transcription factor expression, as well as CpG methylation. In addition, Sda/B4GALNT2 regulates the susceptibility to infectious agents, the protection from muscle dystrophy, the activity of immune system in pregnancy and the immune rejection in xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Duca
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Building, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nadia Malagolini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Building, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Dall'Olio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Building, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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6
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Raev S, Amimo J, Saif L, Vlasova A. Intestinal mucin-type O-glycans: the major players in the host-bacteria-rotavirus interactions. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2197833. [PMID: 37020288 PMCID: PMC10078158 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2197833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) causes severe diarrhea in young children and animals worldwide. Several glycans terminating in sialic acids (SAs) and histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) on intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) surface have been recognized to act as attachment sites for RV. IECs are protected by the double layer of mucus of which O-glycans (including HBGAs and SAs) are a major organic component. Luminal mucins, as well as bacterial glycans, can act as decoy molecules removing RV particles from the gut. The composition of the intestinal mucus is regulated by complex O-glycan-specific interactions among the gut microbiota, RV and the host. In this review, we highlight O-glycan-mediated interactions within the intestinal lumen prior to RV attachment to IECs. A better understanding of the role of mucus is essential for the development of alternative therapeutic tools including the use of pre- and probiotics to control RV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.A. Raev
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - J.O. Amimo
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - L.J. Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - A.N. Vlasova
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
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7
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Yao Y, Kim G, Shafer S, Chen Z, Kubo S, Ji Y, Luo J, Yang W, Perner SP, Kanellopoulou C, Park AY, Jiang P, Li J, Baris S, Aydiner EK, Ertem D, Mulder DJ, Warner N, Griffiths AM, Topf-Olivestone C, Kori M, Werner L, Ouahed J, Field M, Liu C, Schwarz B, Bosio CM, Ganesan S, Song J, Urlaub H, Oellerich T, Malaker SA, Zheng L, Bertozzi CR, Zhang Y, Matthews H, Montgomery W, Shih HY, Jiang J, Jones M, Baras A, Shuldiner A, Gonzaga-Jauregui C, Snapper SB, Muise AM, Shouval DS, Ozen A, Pan KT, Wu C, Lenardo MJ. Mucus sialylation determines intestinal host-commensal homeostasis. Cell 2022; 185:1172-1188.e28. [PMID: 35303419 PMCID: PMC9088855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal mucus forms the first line of defense against bacterial invasion while providing nutrition to support microbial symbiosis. How the host controls mucus barrier integrity and commensalism is unclear. We show that terminal sialylation of glycans on intestinal mucus by ST6GALNAC1 (ST6), the dominant sialyltransferase specifically expressed in goblet cells and induced by microbial pathogen-associated molecular patterns, is essential for mucus integrity and protecting against excessive bacterial proteolytic degradation. Glycoproteomic profiling and biochemical analysis of ST6 mutations identified in patients show that decreased sialylation causes defective mucus proteins and congenital inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Mice harboring a patient ST6 mutation have compromised mucus barriers, dysbiosis, and susceptibility to intestinal inflammation. Based on our understanding of the ST6 regulatory network, we show that treatment with sialylated mucin or a Foxo3 inhibitor can ameliorate IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Yao
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, and Clinical Genomics Program, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Girak Kim
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Samantha Shafer
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, and Clinical Genomics Program, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zuojia Chen
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Satoshi Kubo
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, and Clinical Genomics Program, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yanlong Ji
- Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine II, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jialie Luo
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Weiming Yang
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sebastian P Perner
- Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine II, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Chrysi Kanellopoulou
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, and Clinical Genomics Program, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ann Y Park
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, and Clinical Genomics Program, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ping Jiang
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, and Clinical Genomics Program, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jian Li
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Safa Baris
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey; The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Karakoc Aydiner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey; The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Ertem
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, 34854 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Daniel J Mulder
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Neil Warner
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Anne M Griffiths
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Chani Topf-Olivestone
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Kaplan Medical Center, Pasternak St., POB 1, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Michal Kori
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Kaplan Medical Center, Pasternak St., POB 1, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Lael Werner
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva 4920235, Israel
| | - Jodie Ouahed
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael Field
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Transgenic Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Benjamin Schwarz
- Immunity to Pulmonary Pathogens Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Catharine M Bosio
- Immunity to Pulmonary Pathogens Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Sundar Ganesan
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jian Song
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Oellerich
- Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine II, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Cancer Consortium/German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stacy A Malaker
- Yale University, Department of Chemistry, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Lixin Zheng
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, and Clinical Genomics Program, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Helen Matthews
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Will Montgomery
- Neuro-Immune Regulome Unit, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Han-Yu Shih
- Neuro-Immune Regulome Unit, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jiansheng Jiang
- Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marcus Jones
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Alan Shuldiner
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Claudia Gonzaga-Jauregui
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA; International Laboratory for Human Genome Research, Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro 04510, Mexico
| | - Scott B Snapper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aleixo M Muise
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, IMS, and Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Dror S Shouval
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva 4920235, Israel
| | - Ahmet Ozen
- The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey; Marmara University School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, 34854 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kuan-Ting Pan
- Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine II, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Chuan Wu
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Michael J Lenardo
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, and Clinical Genomics Program, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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8
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Brazil JC, Parkos CA. Finding the sweet spot: glycosylation mediated regulation of intestinal inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:211-222. [PMID: 34782709 PMCID: PMC8591159 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Glycans are essential cellular components that facilitate a range of critical functions important for tissue development and mucosal homeostasis. Furthermore, specific alterations in glycosylation represent important diagnostic hallmarks of cancer that contribute to tumor cell dissociation, invasion, and metastasis. However, much less is known about how glycosylation contributes to the pathobiology of inflammatory mucosal diseases. Here we will review how epithelial and immune cell glycosylation regulates gut homeostasis and how inflammation-driven changes in glycosylation contribute to intestinal pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C. Brazil
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Charles A. Parkos
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
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9
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Groux‐Degroote S, Vicogne D, Cogez V, Schulz C, Harduin‐Lepers A. B4GALNT2 Controls Sd
a
and SLe
x
Antigen Biosynthesis in Healthy and Cancer Human Colon. Chembiochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100363
expr 800938655 + 862139822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Groux‐Degroote
- Univ. Lille CNRS UMR 8576 UGSF Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle 59000 Lille France
| | - Dorothée Vicogne
- Univ. Lille CNRS UMR 8576 UGSF Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle 59000 Lille France
| | - Virginie Cogez
- Univ. Lille CNRS UMR 8576 UGSF Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle 59000 Lille France
| | - Céline Schulz
- Univ. Lille CNRS UMR 8576 UGSF Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle 59000 Lille France
| | - Anne Harduin‐Lepers
- Univ. Lille CNRS UMR 8576 UGSF Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle 59000 Lille France
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10
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Groux-Degroote S, Vicogne D, Cogez V, Schulz C, Harduin-Lepers A. B4GALNT2 Controls Sd a and SLe x Antigen Biosynthesis in Healthy and Cancer Human Colon. Chembiochem 2021; 22:3381-3390. [PMID: 34397142 PMCID: PMC9290495 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Sda carbohydrate antigen and the corresponding biosynthetic enzyme B4GALNT2 are primarily expressed in human normal colonic mucosa and are down‐regulated to variable degrees in colon cancer. On the other hand, the tumor associated antigen SLex is not detected in the healthy colon and is upregulated in colon cancer. High level of B4GALNT2 gene expression appears to be a good marker of prognosis in colon cancer; however, the molecular mechanisms regulating these carbohydrate antigens’ expression are still poorly understood. We review here the most recent progress made towards understanding this balanced expression of blood group carbohydrate epitopes Sda and SLex. In particular in recent years, we have attained a better understanding of genetic and epigenetic regulation of the B4GALNT2 gene and of the subcellular fate of B4GALNT2 isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Groux-Degroote
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Dorothée Vicogne
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Virginie Cogez
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Céline Schulz
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Anne Harduin-Lepers
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
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11
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Parrish A, Boudaud M, Kuehn A, Ollert M, Desai MS. Intestinal mucus barrier: a missing piece of the puzzle in food allergy. Trends Mol Med 2021; 28:36-50. [PMID: 34810087 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of food allergies has reached epidemic levels but the cause remains largely unknown. We discuss the clinical relevance of the gut mucosal barrier as a site for allergic sensitization to food. In this context, we focus on an important but overlooked part of the mucosal barrier in pathogenesis, the glycoprotein-rich mucus layer, and call attention to both beneficial and detrimental aspects of mucus-gut microbiome interactions. Studying the intricate links between the mucus barrier, the associated bacteria, and the mucosal immune system may advance our understanding of the mechanisms and inform prevention and treatment strategies in food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Parrish
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Marie Boudaud
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Annette Kuehn
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Markus Ollert
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Mahesh S Desai
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
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12
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Blood group AB is associated with poor outcomes in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr Surg 2021; 56:1911-1915. [PMID: 34392969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a neonatal disease associated with necrosis and perforation of the bowel. We investigated the association between blood group and NEC outcomes and the potential contribution of fetal-maternal blood group incompatibility. METHODS Retrospective study including all preterm-born infants with NEC (≥ Bell's stage IIa) admitted to our NICU between January 2008 and October 2019. We analyzed the association between infants' blood groups and fetal-maternal blood group incompatibility with Bell stage severity, need for surgery, and mortality due to NEC. RESULTS We included 237 NEC patients. In univariable analyses both AB blood group and fetal-maternal blood group incompatibility increased infants' risk of severe outcomes, with odds ratios (OR) ranging from 6.57 to 12.06 and 1.97 to 2.38, respectively. When adjusted for gestational age only AB blood group remained significant with OR 7.47 (95% confidence interval, 1.95-28.53, P = 0.003), 12.37 (2.63-58.20, P = 0.001), and 8.16 (2.28-29.14, P = 0.001) for NEC Bell's stage III, need for surgery, and NEC related mortality, respectively. Blood group incompatibility adjusted for gestational age was not related to worse outcomes with OR 1.84 (0.87-3.89, P = 0.11, 2.08 (0.98-4.41, P = 0.06) 1.52 (0.68-3.42, P = 0.31), for NEC Bell's stage III, need for surgery, and NEC related mortality, respectively. CONCLUSION Our data confirm an association between blood group AB and worse outcomes in NEC infants, but this is not based on fetal-maternal blood group incompatibility.
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13
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Eaton S. Commentary on Blood group AB is associated with poor outcomes in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr Surg 2021; 56:1916-1917. [PMID: 34330421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This is a commentary on the manuscript titled "Blood Group AB is Associated with Poor Outcomes in Infants with Necrotizing Enterocolitis" by Dos Santos Martins R, Kool E, Kalteren W, et al.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Eaton
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom.
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14
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The Cancer-Associated Antigens Sialyl Lewis a/x and Sd a: Two Opposite Faces of Terminal Glycosylation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215273. [PMID: 34771437 PMCID: PMC8582462 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The glycosyltransferase β1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferae 2 (B4GALNT2), product of the B4GALNT2 gene is responsible for the biosynthesis of the carbohydrate antigen Sda. Both the enzyme and its cognate antigen display a restricted pattern of tissue expression and modulation in colorectal, gastric, and mammary cancers. In colorectal cancer, B4GALNT2 is generally downregulated, but patients displaying higher expression survive longer. The sialyl Lewisa and sialyl Lewisx antigens are associated with malignancy. Their biosynthesis and that of Sda are mutually exclusive. Forced expression of B4GALNT2 in colorectal cancer cell lines modulates the transcriptome towards lower malignancy, reducing stemness. These effects are independent of B4GALNT2-induced sLea/sLex inhibition. Thus, B4GALNT2 is a marker of better prognosis and a cancer-restraining enzyme in colorectal cancer, with a therapeutic potential. Abstract Terminal carbohydrate structures are particularly relevant in oncology because they can serve as cancer markers and alter the phenotype of cancer cells. The Sda antigen and the sialyl Lewisx and sialyl Lewisa (sLex and sLea) antigens are terminal structures whose biosynthesis is mutually exclusive. In this review, we describe the main features of the Sda antigen in cancer and its relationship with sLex/a antigens. Information was obtained from an extensive literature search and from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) public database. The Sda biosynthetic enzyme B4GALNT2 undergoes downregulation in colorectal (CRC) and stomach cancer, while it is ectopically expressed by a minority of breast cancer (BRCA) patients. High expression of B4GALNT2 is associated with better prognosis and a less malignant gene expression profile in CRC, while the opposite occurs in BRCA. The regulation of B4GALNT2 expression in CRC is multifactorial, involving gene methylation and miRNA expression. Forced expression of B4GALNT2 inhibited sLea/sLex and reduced malignancy and stemness in cells constitutively expressing sLex/a antigens. However, consistent effects were observed upon B4GALNT2 forced expression and in cells not expressing sLex/a antigens. Thus, B4GALNT2 and the Sda antigen exert a tumor-restraining activity in CRC and probably other gastrointestinal cancers, independently of sLex/a antigens.
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15
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Ratan C, Cicily K D D, Nair B, Nath LR. MUC Glycoproteins: Potential Biomarkers and Molecular Targets for Cancer Therapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:132-152. [PMID: 33200711 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666201116113334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
MUC proteins have great significance as prognostic and diagnostic markers as well as a potential target for therapeutic interventions in most cancers of glandular epithelial origin. These are high molecular weight glycosylated proteins located in the epithelial lining of several tissues and ducts. Mucins belong to a heterogeneous group of large O-glycoproteins that can be either secreted or membrane-bound. Glycosylation, a post-translational modification affects the biophysical, functional and biochemical properties and provides structural complexity for these proteins. Aberrant expression and glycosylation of mucins contribute to tumour survival and proliferation in many cancers, which in turn activates numerous signalling pathways such as NF-kB, ERα, HIF, MAPK, p53, c-Src, Wnt and JAK-STAT, etc. This subsequently induces cancer cell growth, proliferation and metastasis. The present review mainly demonstrates the functional aspects of MUC glycoproteins along with its unique signalling mechanism and role of aberrant glycosylation in cancer progression and therapeutics. The importance of MUC proteins and its subtypes in a wide spectrum of cancers including but not limited to breast cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial and cervical cancer, lung cancer, primary liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer and ovarian cancer has been exemplified with significance in targeting the same. Several patents associated with the MUC proteins in the field of cancer therapy are also emphasized in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chameli Ratan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Dalia Cicily K D
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Bhagyalakshmi Nair
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Lekshmi R Nath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
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16
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Kudelka MR, Stowell SR, Cummings RD, Neish AS. Intestinal epithelial glycosylation in homeostasis and gut microbiota interactions in IBD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:597-617. [PMID: 32710014 PMCID: PMC8211394 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-0331-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects 6.8 million people globally. A variety of factors have been implicated in IBD pathogenesis, including host genetics, immune dysregulation and gut microbiota alterations. Emerging evidence implicates intestinal epithelial glycosylation as an underappreciated process that interfaces with these three factors. IBD is associated with increased expression of truncated O-glycans as well as altered expression of terminal glycan structures. IBD genes, glycosyltransferase mislocalization, altered glycosyltransferase and glycosidase expression and dysbiosis drive changes in the glycome. These glycan changes disrupt the mucus layer, glycan-lectin interactions, host-microorganism interactions and mucosal immunity, and ultimately contribute to IBD pathogenesis. Epithelial glycans are especially critical in regulating the gut microbiota through providing bacterial ligands and nutrients and ultimately determining the spatial organization of the gut microbiota. In this Review, we discuss the regulation of intestinal epithelial glycosylation, altered epithelial glycosylation in IBD and mechanisms for how these alterations contribute to disease pathobiology. We hope that this Review provides a foundation for future studies on IBD glycosylation and the emergence of glycan-inspired therapies for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Kudelka
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew S Neish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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17
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Wu H, Rebello O, Crost EH, Owen CD, Walpole S, Bennati-Granier C, Ndeh D, Monaco S, Hicks T, Colvile A, Urbanowicz PA, Walsh MA, Angulo J, Spencer DIR, Juge N. Fucosidases from the human gut symbiont Ruminococcus gnavus. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:675-693. [PMID: 32333083 PMCID: PMC7872956 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03514-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The availability and repartition of fucosylated glycans within the gastrointestinal tract contributes to the adaptation of gut bacteria species to ecological niches. To access this source of nutrients, gut bacteria encode α-l-fucosidases (fucosidases) which catalyze the hydrolysis of terminal α-l-fucosidic linkages. We determined the substrate and linkage specificities of fucosidases from the human gut symbiont Ruminococcus gnavus. Sequence similarity network identified strain-specific fucosidases in R. gnavus ATCC 29149 and E1 strains that were further validated enzymatically against a range of defined oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. Using a combination of glycan microarrays, mass spectrometry, isothermal titration calorimetry, crystallographic and saturation transfer difference NMR approaches, we identified a fucosidase with the capacity to recognize sialic acid-terminated fucosylated glycans (sialyl Lewis X/A epitopes) and hydrolyze α1–3/4 fucosyl linkages in these substrates without the need to remove sialic acid. Molecular dynamics simulation and docking showed that 3′-Sialyl Lewis X (sLeX) could be accommodated within the binding site of the enzyme. This specificity may contribute to the adaptation of R. gnavus strains to the infant and adult gut and has potential applications in diagnostic glycomic assays for diabetes and certain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Wu
- The Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Osmond Rebello
- Ludger Ltd, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3EB, UK
| | - Emmanuelle H Crost
- The Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - C David Owen
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK.,Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Samuel Walpole
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Chloe Bennati-Granier
- The Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Didier Ndeh
- The Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Serena Monaco
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Thomas Hicks
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Anna Colvile
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK.,Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK.,The John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | | | - Martin A Walsh
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK.,Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Jesus Angulo
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Prof. García González, 1, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Nathalie Juge
- The Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK.
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18
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Elucidation of a sialic acid metabolism pathway in mucus-foraging Ruminococcus gnavus unravels mechanisms of bacterial adaptation to the gut. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:2393-2404. [PMID: 31636419 PMCID: PMC6881182 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acid (Neu5Ac) is commonly found in terminal location of colonic mucins glycans where it is a much-coveted nutrient for gut bacteria including Ruminococcus gnavus. R. gnavus is part of the healthy gut microbiota in humans but shows a disproportionate representation in diseases. There is therefore a need in understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning its adaptation to the gut. Previous in vitro work demonstrated that R. gnavus mucin glycan-foraging strategy is strain-dependent and associated with the expression of an intramolecular trans-sialidase releasing 2,7-anhydro-Neu5Ac instead of Neu5Ac from mucins. Here, we have unravelled the metabolism pathway of 2,7-anhydro-Neu5Ac in R. gnavus which is underpinned by the exquisite specificity of the sialic transporter for 2,7-anhydro-Neu5Ac, and by the action of an oxidoreductase converting 2,7-anhydro-Neu5Ac into Neu5Ac which then becomes substrate of a Neu5Ac-specific aldolase. Having generated a R. gnavus nan cluster deletion mutant that lost the ability to grow on sialylated substrates, we showed that in gnotobiotic mice colonised with R. gnavus wild-type and mutant strains, the fitness of the nan mutant was significantly impaired with a reduced ability to colonise the mucus layer. Overall, our study revealed a unique sialic acid pathway in bacteria, with significant implications for the spatial adaptation of mucin-foraging gut symbionts in health and disease.
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19
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ABO blood group and procoagulant factors: the hypercoagulation hypothesis ABO and Procoagulant Factors. Pediatr Res 2019; 86:316-322. [PMID: 31158844 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0445-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The correlation between procoagulant levels-factor VIII (FVIII), von Willebrand factor (vWF), and fibrinogen-and risk of thrombosis has been well documented in adult populations. We hypothesize that interaction of passively transferred isoagglutinins in premature neonates with a compromised immune system may trigger an immune response that can target the immature gastrointestinal tract. The objective of this study is to evaluate if there are procoagulant level differences in preterm newborns stratified by ABO blood group. METHODS VWF, FVIII, and fibrinogen levels were analyzed in neonates ≤32 weeks and/or birthweight ≤1500 g over the first 6 weeks of life. Demographic, blood type, and transfusion data were collected. RESULTS Elevations in vWF and FVIII were found to be statistically significant in the third week of life in non-O neonates vs. type O neonates. FVIII was also found to be significantly elevated in week 1. Transfused neonates also showed elevations between weeks 0 and 3. CONCLUSION There appears to be a time-dependent variation in procoagulant factor levels in preterm newborns. Although the clinical significance remains unclear, prothrombotic factors vWF and FVIII are significantly higher in non-O blood-type preterm neonates in the third week of life.
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20
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Cornelissen LAM, Blanas A, van der Horst JC, Kruijssen L, Zaal A, O'Toole T, Wiercx L, van Kooyk Y, van Vliet SJ. Disruption of sialic acid metabolism drives tumor growth by augmenting CD8 + T cell apoptosis. Int J Cancer 2019; 144:2290-2302. [PMID: 30578646 PMCID: PMC6519079 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sialylated glycan structures are known for their immunomodulatory capacities and their contribution to tumor immune evasion. However, the role of aberrant sialylation in colorectal cancer and the consequences of complete tumor desialylation on anti-tumor immunity remain unstudied. Here, we report that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock out of the CMAS gene, encoding a key enzyme in the sialylation pathway, in the mouse colorectal cancer MC38 cell line completely abrogated cell surface expression of sialic acids (MC38-Sianull ) and, unexpectedly, significantly increased in vivo tumor growth compared to the control MC38-MOCK cells. This enhanced tumor growth of MC38-Sianull cells could be attributed to decreased CD8+ T cell frequencies in the tumor microenvironment only, as immune cell frequencies in tumor-draining lymph nodes remained unaffected. In addition, MC38-Sianull cells were able to induce CD8+ T cell apoptosis in an antigen-independent manner. Moreover, low CMAS gene expression correlated with reduced recurrence-free survival in a human colorectal cancer cohort, supporting the clinical relevance of our work. Together, these results demonstrate for the first time a detrimental effect of complete tumor desialylation on colorectal cancer tumor growth, which greatly impacts the design of novel cancer therapeutics aimed at altering the tumor glycosylation profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenneke A M Cornelissen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Athanasios Blanas
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost C van der Horst
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Kruijssen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk Zaal
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom O'Toole
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lieke Wiercx
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Corfield AP. The Interaction of the Gut Microbiota with the Mucus Barrier in Health and Disease in Human. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6030078. [PMID: 30072673 PMCID: PMC6163557 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoproteins are major players in the mucus protective barrier in the gastrointestinal and other mucosal surfaces. In particular the mucus glycoproteins, or mucins, are responsible for the protective gel barrier. They are characterized by their high carbohydrate content, present in their variable number, tandem repeat domains. Throughout evolution the mucins have been maintained as integral components of the mucosal barrier, emphasizing their essential biological status. The glycosylation of the mucins is achieved through a series of biosynthetic pathways processes, which generate the wide range of glycans found in these molecules. Thus mucins are decorated with molecules having information in the form of a glycocode. The enteric microbiota interacts with the mucosal mucus barrier in a variety of ways in order to fulfill its many normal processes. How bacteria read the glycocode and link to normal and pathological processes is outlined in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Corfield
- Mucin Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Marlborough Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK.
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22
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North RA, Horne CR, Davies JS, Remus DM, Muscroft-Taylor AC, Goyal P, Wahlgren WY, Ramaswamy S, Friemann R, Dobson RCJ. "Just a spoonful of sugar...": import of sialic acid across bacterial cell membranes. Biophys Rev 2017; 10:219-227. [PMID: 29222808 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-017-0343-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cell surfaces are decorated with a complex array of glycoconjugates that are usually capped with sialic acids, a large family of over 50 structurally distinct nine-carbon amino sugars, the most common member of which is N-acetylneuraminic acid. Once made available through the action of neuraminidases, bacterial pathogens and commensals utilise host-derived sialic acid by degrading it for energy or repurposing the sialic acid onto their own cell surface to camouflage the bacterium from the immune system. A functional sialic acid transporter has been shown to be essential for the uptake of sialic acid in a range of human bacterial pathogens and important for host colonisation and persistence. Here, we review the state-of-play in the field with respect to the molecular mechanisms by which these bio-nanomachines transport sialic acids across bacterial cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A North
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, P.O. Box 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Christopher R Horne
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, P.O. Box 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - James S Davies
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, P.O. Box 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Daniela M Remus
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, P.O. Box 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C Muscroft-Taylor
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, P.O. Box 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Parveen Goyal
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe) at University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Weixiao Yuan Wahlgren
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe) at University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S Ramaswamy
- The Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (InStem), G.K.V.K. Post Office, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
| | - Rosmarie Friemann
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe) at University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Renwick C J Dobson
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, P.O. Box 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand. .,Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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Kononova SV. How Fucose of Blood Group Glycotopes Programs Human Gut Microbiota. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2017; 82:973-989. [PMID: 28988527 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917090012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Formation of appropriate gut microbiota is essential for human health. The first two years of life is the critical period for this process. Selection of mutualistic microorganisms of the intestinal microbiota is controlled by the FUT2 and FUT3 genes that encode fucosyltransferases, enzymes responsible for the synthesis of fucosylated glycan structures of mucins and milk oligosaccharides. In this review, the mechanisms of the selection and maintenance of intestinal microorganisms that involve fucosylated oligosaccharides of breast milk and mucins of the newborn's intestine are described. Possible reasons for the use of fucose, and not sialic acid, as the major biological signal for the selection are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Kononova
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
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24
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How do they stick together? Bacterial adhesins implicated in the binding of bacteria to the human gastrointestinal mucins. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:389-399. [PMID: 28408479 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal mucosal surface is the primary interface between internal host tissues and the vast microbiota. Mucins, key components of mucus, are high-molecular-weight glycoproteins characterized by the presence of many O-linked oligosaccharides to the core polypeptide. They play many biological functions, helping to maintain cellular homeostasis and to establish symbiotic relationships with complex microbiota. Mucin O-glycans exhibit a huge variety of peripheral sequences implicated in the binding of bacteria to the mucosal tissues, thereby playing a key role in the selection of specific species and in the tissue tropism displayed by commensal and pathogenic bacteria. Bacteria have evolved numerous strategies to colonize host mucosae, and among these are modulation of expression of cell surface adhesins which allow bacteria to bind to mucins. However, despite well structurally characterized adhesins and lectins, information on the nature and structure of oligosaccharides recognized by bacteria is still disparate. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the structure of epithelial mucin O-glycans and the interaction between host and commensal or pathogenic bacteria mediated by mucins.
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25
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Corfield A. Eukaryotic protein glycosylation: a primer for histochemists and cell biologists. Histochem Cell Biol 2017; 147:119-147. [PMID: 28012131 PMCID: PMC5306191 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1526-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteins undergo co- and posttranslational modifications, and their glycosylation is the most frequent and structurally variegated type. Histochemically, the detection of glycan presence has first been performed by stains. The availability of carbohydrate-specific tools (lectins, monoclonal antibodies) has revolutionized glycophenotyping, allowing monitoring of distinct structures. The different types of protein glycosylation in Eukaryotes are described. Following this educational survey, examples where known biological function is related to the glycan structures carried by proteins are given. In particular, mucins and their glycosylation patterns are considered as instructive proof-of-principle case. The tissue and cellular location of glycoprotein biosynthesis and metabolism is reviewed, with attention to new findings in goblet cells. Finally, protein glycosylation in disease is documented, with selected examples, where aberrant glycan expression impacts on normal function to let disease pathology become manifest. The histological applications adopted in these studies are emphasized throughout the text.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Corfield
- Mucin Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol Royal Infirmary, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
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26
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Rokhsefat S, Lin A, Comelli EM. Mucin-Microbiota Interaction During Postnatal Maturation of the Intestinal Ecosystem: Clinical Implications. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:1473-86. [PMID: 26792279 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mucus layer and gut microbiota interplay contributes to host homeostasis. The mucus layer serves as a scaffold and a carbon source for gut microorganisms; conversely, gut microorganisms, including mucin degraders, influence mucin gene expression, glycosylation, and secretion. Conjointly they shield the epithelium from luminal pathogens, antigens, and toxins. Importantly, the mucus layer and gut microbiota are established in parallel during early postnatal life. During this period, the development of gut microbiota and mucus layer is coupled with that of the immune system. Developmental changes of different mucin types can impact the age-dependent patterns of intestinal infection in terms of incidence and severity. Altered mucus layer, dysbiotic microbiota, and abnormal mucus-gut microbiota interaction have the potential for inducing systemic effects, and accompany several intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, and radiation-induced mucositis. Early life provides a pivotal window of opportunity to favorably modulate the mucus-microbiota interaction. The support of a health-compatible mucin-microbiota maturation in early life is paramount for long-term health and serves as an important opportunity for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Rokhsefat
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, FitzGerald Building Room 308a, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S3E2, Canada
| | - Aifeng Lin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, FitzGerald Building Room 308a, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S3E2, Canada
- Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elena M Comelli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, FitzGerald Building Room 308a, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S3E2, Canada.
- Centre for Child Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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27
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Vanchiere JA, Carillo B, Morrow AL, Jiang X, Ruiz-Palacios GM, Butel JS. Fecal Polyomavirus Excretion in Infancy. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2016; 5:210-3. [PMID: 27199472 PMCID: PMC5407132 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piu101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine the prevalence of fecal excretion of BK virus, JC virus, and simian virus 40 in 1-year-old infants. Overall, 17.8% of 321 specimens from 64.1% of 39 infants were polyomavirus positive. These data suggest that the gastrointestinal tract may be a site of polyomavirus persistence in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Vanchiere
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases,Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Berenice Carillo
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Xi Jiang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Ohio
| | | | - Janet S. Butel
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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28
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Chugh S, Gnanapragassam VS, Jain M, Rachagani S, Ponnusamy MP, Batra SK. Pathobiological implications of mucin glycans in cancer: Sweet poison and novel targets. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1856:211-25. [PMID: 26318196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mucins are large glycoproteins expressed on the epithelia that provide a protective barrier against harsh insults from toxins and pathogenic microbes. These glycoproteins are classified primarily as being secreted and membrane-bound; both forms are involved in pathophysiological functions including inflammation and cancer. The high molecular weight of mucins is attributed to their large polypeptide backbone that is extensively covered by glycan moieties that modulate the function of mucins and, hence, play an important role in physiological functions. Deregulation of glycosylation machinery during malignant transformation results in altered mucin glycosylation. This review describes the functional implications and pathobiological significance of altered mucin glycosylation in cancer. Further, this review delineates various factors such as glycosyltransferases and tumor microenvironment that contribute to dysregulation of mucin glycosylation during cancer. Finally, this review discusses the scope of mucin glycan epitopes as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Chugh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Vinayaga S Gnanapragassam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
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29
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Kavanaugh D, O'Callaghan J, Kilcoyne M, Kane M, Joshi L, Hickey RM. The intestinal glycome and its modulation by diet and nutrition. Nutr Rev 2015; 73:359-75. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuu019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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30
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Rodríguez JM, Murphy K, Stanton C, Ross RP, Kober OI, Juge N, Avershina E, Rudi K, Narbad A, Jenmalm MC, Marchesi JR, Collado MC. The composition of the gut microbiota throughout life, with an emphasis on early life. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2015; 26:26050. [PMID: 25651996 PMCID: PMC4315782 DOI: 10.3402/mehd.v26.26050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 546] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota has become a relevant aspect of human health. Microbial colonization runs in parallel with immune system maturation and plays a role in intestinal physiology and regulation. Increasing evidence on early microbial contact suggest that human intestinal microbiota is seeded before birth. Maternal microbiota forms the first microbial inoculum, and from birth, the microbial diversity increases and converges toward an adult-like microbiota by the end of the first 3-5 years of life. Perinatal factors such as mode of delivery, diet, genetics, and intestinal mucin glycosylation all contribute to influence microbial colonization. Once established, the composition of the gut microbiota is relatively stable throughout adult life, but can be altered as a result of bacterial infections, antibiotic treatment, lifestyle, surgical, and a long-term change in diet. Shifts in this complex microbial system have been reported to increase the risk of disease. Therefore, an adequate establishment of microbiota and its maintenance throughout life would reduce the risk of disease in early and late life. This review discusses recent studies on the early colonization and factors influencing this process which impact on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Miguel Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kiera Murphy
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Olivia I Kober
- The Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Nathalie Juge
- The Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Ekaterina Avershina
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Knut Rudi
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Arjan Narbad
- The Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Maria C Jenmalm
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Autoimmunity and Immune Regulation, Division of Clinical Immunology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Julian R Marchesi
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Centre for Digestive and Gut Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain;
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31
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Groux-Degroote S, Wavelet C, Krzewinski-Recchi MA, Portier L, Mortuaire M, Mihalache A, Trinchera M, Delannoy P, Malagolini N, Chiricolo M, Dall'Olio F, Harduin-Lepers A. B4GALNT2 gene expression controls the biosynthesis of Sda and sialyl Lewis X antigens in healthy and cancer human gastrointestinal tract. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 53:442-9. [PMID: 24953560 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The histo blood group carbohydrate Sd(a) antigen and its cognate biosynthetic enzyme B4GALNT2 show the highest level of expression in normal colon. Their dramatic down regulation previously observed in colon cancer tissues could play a role in the concomitant elevation of the selectin ligand sLe(x), involved in metastasis. However, down regulation of sLe(x) expression by B4GALNT2 has been so far demonstrated in vitro, but not in tissues. The human B4GALNT2 gene specifies at least two transcripts, diverging in the first exon, never studied in normal and cancer tissues. The long form contains a 253 nt exon 1L; the short form contains a 38 nt exon 1S. Using qPCR, we showed that cell lines and normal or cancerous colon, expressed almost exclusively the short form, while the long form was mainly expressed by the embryonic colon fibroblast cell line CCD112CoN. Immunochemistry approaches using colon cancer cells permanently expressing either B4GALNT2 cDNAs as controls, led to the observation of several protein isoforms in human normal and cancerous colon, and cell lines. We showed that tissues expressing B4GALNT2 protein isoforms were able to induce Sd(a) and to inhibit sLe(x) expression; both of which are expressed mainly on PNGase F-insensitive carbohydrate chains. Concomitant expression of B4GALNT2 and siRNA-mediated inhibition of FUT6, the major fucosyltransferase involved in sLe(x) synthesis in colon, resulted in a cumulative inhibition of sLe(x). In normal colon samples a significant relationship between sLe(x) expression and the ratio between FUT6/B4GALNT2 activities exists, demonstrating for the first time a role for B4GALNT2 in sLe(x) inhibition in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Groux-Degroote
- Structural and Functional Glycobiology Unit, UMR CNRS 8576, University Lille Nord de France, Lille1, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Cindy Wavelet
- Structural and Functional Glycobiology Unit, UMR CNRS 8576, University Lille Nord de France, Lille1, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Marie-Ange Krzewinski-Recchi
- Structural and Functional Glycobiology Unit, UMR CNRS 8576, University Lille Nord de France, Lille1, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Lucie Portier
- Structural and Functional Glycobiology Unit, UMR CNRS 8576, University Lille Nord de France, Lille1, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Marlène Mortuaire
- Structural and Functional Glycobiology Unit, UMR CNRS 8576, University Lille Nord de France, Lille1, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Adriana Mihalache
- Structural and Functional Glycobiology Unit, UMR CNRS 8576, University Lille Nord de France, Lille1, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Marco Trinchera
- Department of Medicine Clinical and Experimental (DMCS), University of Insubria Medical School, Varese, Italy
| | - Philippe Delannoy
- Structural and Functional Glycobiology Unit, UMR CNRS 8576, University Lille Nord de France, Lille1, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Nadia Malagolini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mariella Chiricolo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Dall'Olio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anne Harduin-Lepers
- Structural and Functional Glycobiology Unit, UMR CNRS 8576, University Lille Nord de France, Lille1, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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32
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Dall'Olio F, Malagolini N, Chiricolo M, Trinchera M, Harduin-Lepers A. The expanding roles of the Sd(a)/Cad carbohydrate antigen and its cognate glycosyltransferase B4GALNT2. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:443-53. [PMID: 24112972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The histo-blood group antigens are carbohydrate structures present in tissues and body fluids, which contribute to the definition of the individual immunophenotype. One of these, the Sd(a) antigen, is expressed on the surface of erythrocytes and in secretions of the vast majority of the Caucasians and other ethnic groups. SCOPE OF REVIEW We describe the multiple and unsuspected aspects of the biology of the Sd(a) antigen and its biosynthetic enzyme β1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4GALNT2) in various physiological and pathological settings. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The immunodominant sugar of the Sd(a) antigen is a β1,4-linked N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc). Its cognate glycosyltransferase B4GALNT2 displays a restricted pattern of tissue expression, is regulated by unknown mechanisms - including promoter methylation, and encodes at least two different proteins, one of which with an unconventionally long cytoplasmic portion. In different settings, the Sd(a) antigen plays multiple and unsuspected roles. 1) In colon cancer, its dramatic down-regulation plays a potential role in the overexpression of sialyl Lewis antigens, increasing metastasis formation. 2) It is involved in the lytic function of murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes. 3) It prevents the development of muscular dystrophy in various dystrophic murine models, when overexpressed in muscular fibers. 4) It regulates the circulating half-life of the von Willebrand factor (vWf), determining the onset of a bleeding disorder in a murine model. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The expression of the Sd(a) antigen has a wide impact on the physiology and the pathology of different biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Dall'Olio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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33
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Ju T, Wang Y, Aryal RP, Lehoux SD, Ding X, Kudelka MR, Cutler C, Zeng J, Wang J, Sun X, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Smith DF, Cummings RD. Tn and sialyl-Tn antigens, aberrant O-glycomics as human disease markers. Proteomics Clin Appl 2013; 7:618-31. [PMID: 23857728 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201300024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In many different human disorders, the cellular glycome is altered. An interesting but poorly understood alteration occurs in the mucin-type O-glycome, in which there is aberrant expression of the truncated O-glycans Tn (GalNAcα1-Ser/Thr) and its sialylated version sialyl-Tn (STn) (Neu5Acα2,6GalNAcα1-Ser/Thr). Both Tn and STn are tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens and tumor biomarkers, since they are not expressed normally and appear early in tumorigenesis. Moreover, their expression is strongly associated with poor prognosis and tumor metastasis. The Tn and STn antigens are also expressed in other human diseases and disorders, such as Tn syndrome and IgA nephropathy. The major pathological mechanism for expression of the Tn and STn antigens is compromised T-synthase activity, resulting from alteration of the X-linked gene that encodes for Cosmc, a molecular chaperone specifically required for the correct folding of T-synthase to form active enzyme. This review will summarize our current understanding of the Tn and STn antigens in terms of their biochemistry and role in pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongzhong Ju
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yingchun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rajindra P Aryal
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sylvain D Lehoux
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xiaokun Ding
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew R Kudelka
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher Cutler
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Junwei Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - David F Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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34
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Marcobal A, Southwick AM, Earle KA, Sonnenburg JL. A refined palate: bacterial consumption of host glycans in the gut. Glycobiology 2013; 23:1038-46. [PMID: 23720460 PMCID: PMC3724412 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwt040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The human intestine houses a dense microbial ecosystem in which the struggle for nutrients creates a continual and dynamic selective force. Host-produced mucus glycans provide a ubiquitous source of carbon and energy for microbial species. Not surprisingly, many gut resident bacteria have become highly adapted to efficiently consume numerous distinct structures present in host glycans. We propose that sophistication in mucus consumption is a trait most likely to be found in gut residents that have co-evolved with hosts, microbes that have adapted to the complexity associated with the host glycan landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Justin L Sonnenburg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 299 Campus Drive, Fairchild Building D315, Stanford, CA, USA
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35
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Control of the Escherichia coli sialoregulon by transcriptional repressor NanR. J Bacteriol 2013; 195:4689-701. [PMID: 23935044 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00692-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
NanR, one of >8,500 GntR superfamily helix-turn-helix transcriptional regulators, controls expression of the genes required for catabolism of sialic acids in Escherichia coli. It is predicted to do the same in related bacteria harboring orthologs of nanR. The sialic acids are a family of over 40 naturally occurring nine-carbon keto-sugar acids found mainly in the animal lineage, which includes starfish to humans in the deuterostome lineage. Sialic acids function in development, immunity, protein localization and stability, and homeostasis. They also serve as microbial carbon and nitrogen sources and ligands for cell recognition during host colonization. The importance of microbial sialic acid metabolism for host-microbe interactions has made it a target for therapeutic development. Exploiting this target depends on understanding sialometabolic pathways in a wide range of evolutionarily distinct bacteria. Here, we show by transcriptome, genetic, and biochemical analyses that the most common sialic acid, N-acetylneuraminate, induces the nanATEK-yhcH, yjhATS (nanCMS), and yjhBC operons by directly inactivating NanR, converting the predominantly dimeric form of the repressor to an inactive monomer of approximately 30-kDa. Additionally, other results identify critical amino acid residues and nucleotides in the regulator and operator, respectively. The combined results better define how sialic acids, acting through NanR, affect the metabolic flux of an important group of host-derived metabolites. Thus, E. coli serves as a valuable model for understanding sialocatabolic pathways in bacteria.
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36
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Gunning AP, Kirby AR, Fuell C, Pin C, Tailford LE, Juge N. Mining the "glycocode"--exploring the spatial distribution of glycans in gastrointestinal mucin using force spectroscopy. FASEB J 2013; 27:2342-54. [PMID: 23493619 PMCID: PMC3659345 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-221416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mucins are the main components of the gastrointestinal mucus layer. Mucin glycosylation is critical to most intermolecular and intercellular interactions. However, due to the highly complex and heterogeneous mucin glycan structures, the encoded biological information remains largely encrypted. Here we have developed a methodology based on force spectroscopy to identify biologically accessible glycoepitopes in purified porcine gastric mucin (pPGM) and purified porcine jejunal mucin (pPJM). The binding specificity of lectins Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA), peanut (Arachis hypogaea) agglutinin (PNA), Maackia amurensis lectin II (MALII), and Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA) was utilized in force spectroscopy measurements to quantify the affinity and spatial distribution of their cognate sugars at the molecular scale. Binding energy of 4, 1.6, and 26 aJ was determined on pPGM for RCA, PNA, and UEA. Binding was abolished by competition with free ligands, demonstrating the validity of the affinity data. The distributions of the nearest binding site separations estimated the number of binding sites in a 200-nm mucin segment to be 4 for RCA, PNA, and UEA, and 1.8 for MALII. Binding site separations were affected by partial defucosylation of pPGM. Furthermore, we showed that this new approach can resolve differences between gastric and jejunum mucins.
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37
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Decreased survival in necrotizing enterocolitis is significantly associated with neonatal and maternal blood group: the AB isoagglutinin hypothesis. J Perinatol 2012; 32:626-30. [PMID: 22094489 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2011.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of neonatal and maternal blood group on the mortality risk from necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective chart review of all neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit over 24 years. Data on birth date, gestational age, maternal/neonatal blood group, number of transfusions, and survival time (defined as date of birth to date of death/discharge) were collected on those with NEC. RESULT 276 neonates with Bell stage II-III NEC were analyzed. AB neonates had a significantly higher risk of mortality from NEC compared with other blood groups (HR 2.87; 95% CI 1.40 to 5.89; P=0.003). Multivariate analysis showed AB blood group to be an independent risk factor for mortality from NEC. CONCLUSION Neonatal and maternal blood groups are significantly associated with a neonate's survival from NEC. The increased mortality of AB neonates may be related to factors such as neonatal blood group antigens and/or transplacental transfer of isoagglutinins.
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Nakayama-Imaohji H, Ichimura M, Iwasa T, Okada N, Ohnishi Y, Kuwahara T. Characterization of a gene cluster for sialoglycoconjugate utilization in Bacteroides fragilis. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2012; 59:79-94. [PMID: 22449996 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.59.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent analysis of the whole genome sequence of Bacteroides fragilis revealed extensive duplication of polysaccharide utilization genes in this anaerobe. Here we analyzed a unique 27-kb gene cluster (sgu) comprised of the 13 sialoglycoconjugates-utilization genes, which include the sialidase gene (nanH1) in B. fragilis strain YCH46. The genes were tightly organized and transcribed polycistronically. Comparative PCR scanning demonstrated that the sgu locus was conserved among the Bacteroides strains tested. Based on the transcriptional profiles generated by reverse transcriptase PCR, the sgu locus can be classified into at least three regulatory units: 1) sialic acid- or sialooligosaccharide-inducible genes, 2) constitutively expressed genes that can be down-regulated by catabolite repression, and 3) constitutively expressed genes. In vitro comparison of the growth of a sgu locus deletion mutant (SGUM172941) with a wild type strain indicates that this locus is necessary for B. fragilis to efficiently utilize mucin as a carbon source. Furthermore, SGUM172941 was defective in colonization of the intestines of germ-free mice under competitive conditions. These data indicate that the sgu locus in B. fragilis plays a crucial role in the utilization of host-derived sialoglycoconjugates and the stable colonization of this anaerobe in the human gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruyuki Nakayama-Imaohji
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Kilcoyne M, Gerlach JQ, Gough R, Gallagher ME, Kane M, Carrington SD, Joshi L. Construction of a Natural Mucin Microarray and Interrogation for Biologically Relevant Glyco-Epitopes. Anal Chem 2012; 84:3330-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac203404n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Kilcoyne
- Glycoscience
Group, National
Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jared Q. Gerlach
- Glycoscience
Group, National
Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ronan Gough
- Veterinary Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mary E. Gallagher
- Veterinary Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Marian Kane
- Glycoscience
Group, National
Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Lokesh Joshi
- Glycoscience
Group, National
Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Rangarajan ES, Ruane KM, Proteau A, Schrag JD, Valladares R, Gonzalez CF, Gilbert M, Yakunin AF, Cygler M. Structural and enzymatic characterization of NanS (YjhS), a 9-O-Acetyl N-acetylneuraminic acid esterase from Escherichia coli O157:H7. Protein Sci 2011; 20:1208-19. [PMID: 21557376 DOI: 10.1002/pro.649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
There is a high prevalence of sialic acid in a number of different organisms, resulting in there being a myriad of different enzymes that can exploit it as a fermentable carbon source. One such enzyme is NanS, a carbohydrate esterase that we show here deacetylates the 9 position of 9-O-sialic acid so that it can be readily transported into the cell for catabolism. Through structural studies, we show that NanS adopts a SGNH hydrolase fold. Although the backbone of the structure is similar to previously characterized family members, sequence comparisons indicate that this family can be further subdivided into two subfamilies with somewhat different fingerprints. NanS is the founding member of group II. Its catalytic center contains Ser19 and His301 but no Asp/Glu is present to form the classical catalytic triad. The contribution of Ser19 and His301 to catalysis was confirmed by mutagenesis. In addition to structural characterization, we have mapped the specificity of NanS using a battery of substrates.
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Palma AS, Liu Y, Childs RA, Herbert C, Wang D, Chai W, Feizi T. The human epithelial carcinoma antigen recognized by monoclonal antibody AE3 is expressed on a sulfoglycolipid in addition to neoplastic mucins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 408:548-52. [PMID: 21527252 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The term human epithelial carcinoma antigen (HCA) has been applied collectively to mucin-type high molecular weight (>1000kDa) glycoproteins that are over-expressed in epithelial cancers. Since the 1990s, over 40 monoclonal antibodies have been raised that recognize HCA. There has been evidence that the antigenic determinants are mostly carbohydrates, but details have been elusive. Here we have carried out carbohydrate microarray analyses of one of the monoclonal antibodies, AE3, that has been regarded the 'most carcinoma specific' in respect to its ability to detect HCA in sera of patients with epithelial cancers. The microarrays encompassed a series of 492 sequence-defined glycan probes in the form of glycolipids and neoglycolipids. We have thus established that the antigen recognized by antibody AE3 is a carbohydrate sequence distinct from the A, B, H, Lewis(a/b), Lewis(x/y) and T antigens, but that it is strongly expressed on the monosulfated tetra-glycosyl ceramide, SM1a, Galβ1-3GalNAcβ1-4(3-O-sulfate)Galβ1-4GlcCer. This is the first report of an anti-HCA to be characterized with respect to its recognition sequence and of the occurrence of the antigen on a glycolipid as well as on glycoproteins. Knowledge of a discrete glycan sequence as target antigen now opens the way to its exploration as a serologic cancer biomarker, namely to determine if the antigen elicits an autoantibody response in early non-metastatic cancer, or if it is shed and immunochemically detectable in more advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina S Palma
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Northwick Park and St. Marks Campus, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex, UK
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Mucin-lectin interactions assessed by flow cytometry. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:1486-91. [PMID: 20557876 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Revised: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The O-glycosylated domains of mucins and mucin-type glycoproteins contain 50-80% of carbohydrate and possess expanded conformations. Herein, we describe a flow cytometry (FCM) method for determining the carbohydrate-binding specificities of lectins to mucin. Biotinylated mucin was immobilized on streptavidin-coated beads, and the binding specificities of the major mucin sugar chains, as determined by GC-MS and MALDI-ToF, were monitored using fluorescein-labeled lectins. The specificities of lectins toward specific biotinylated glycans were determined as controls. The advantage of flexibility, multiparametric data acquisition, speed, sensitivity, and high-throughput capability makes flow cytometry a valuable tool to study diverse interactions between glycans and proteins.
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YjhS (NanS) is required for Escherichia coli to grow on 9-O-acetylated N-acetylneuraminic acid. J Bacteriol 2009; 191:7134-9. [PMID: 19749043 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01000-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nanATEK-yhcH, yjhATS, and yjhBC operons in Escherichia coli are coregulated by environmental N-acetylneuraminic acid, the most prevalent sialic acid in nature. Here we show that YjhS (NanS) is a probable 9-O-acetyl N-acetylneuraminic acid esterase required for E. coli to grow on this alternative sialic acid, which is commonly found in mammalian host mucosal sites.
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