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Wang Y, Zou H, Ji W, Huang M, You B, Sun N, Qiao Y, Liu P, Xu L, Zhang X, Cai M, Kuang Y, Fu S, Sun W, Jia X, Wu J. Repression of the SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9 is associated with lowered double minutes and reduced tumor progression. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2323768. [PMID: 38465861 PMCID: PMC10936631 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2323768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Double minutes (DMs), extrachromosomal gene fragments found within certain tumors, have been noted to carry onco- and drug resistance genes contributing to tumor pathogenesis and progression. After screening for SUMO-related molecule expression within various tumor sample and cell line databases, we found that SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9 has been associated with genome instability and tumor cell DM counts, which was confirmed both in vitro and in vivo. Karyotyping determined DM counts post-UBC9 knockdown or SUMOylation inhibitor 2-D08, while RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to measure DM-carried gene expression in vitro. In vivo, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) identified micronucleus (MN) expulsion. Western blot and immunofluorescence staining were then used to determine DNA damage extent, and a reporter plasmid system was constructed to detect changes in homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathways. Our research has shown that UBC9 inhibition is able to attenuate DM formation and lower DM-carried gene expression, in turn reducing tumor growth and malignant phenotype, via MN efflux of DMs and lowering NHEJ activity to increase DNA damage. These findings thus reveal a relationship between heightened UBC9 activity, increased DM counts, and tumor progression, providing a potential approach for targeted therapies, via UBC9 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusi Wang
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyan Zou
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Min Huang
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Benhui You
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Nan Sun
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuandong Qiao
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lidan Xu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuelong Zhang
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mengdi Cai
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ye Kuang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Songbin Fu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xueyuan Jia
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Future Medical Laboratory, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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2
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Huang J, Tan X, Liu Y, Jiang K, Luo J. Knockdown of UBE2I inhibits tumorigenesis and enhances chemosensitivity of cholangiocarcinoma via modulating p27kip1 nuclear export. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:700-715. [PMID: 36825757 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The asymptomatic nature of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), particularly during its early stages, in combination with its high aggressiveness and chemoresistance, significantly compromises the efficacy of current therapeutic options, contributing to a dismal prognosis. As a tumor suppressor that inhibits the cell cycle, abnormal cytoplasmic p27kip1 localization is related to chemotherapy resistance and often occurs in various cancers, including CCA. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism is unclear. SUMOylation, which is involved in regulating subcellular localization and the cell cycle, is a posttranslational modification that regulates p27kip1 activity. Here, we confirmed that UBE2I, as the only key enzyme for SUMOylation, was highly expressed and p27kip1 was downregulated in CCA tissues, which were associated with poor outcomes in CCA. Moreover, UBE2I silencing inhibited CCA cell proliferation, delayed xenograft tumor growth in vivo, and sensitized CCA cells to the chemotherapeutics, which may be due to cell cycle arrest induced by p27kip1 nuclear accumulation. According to the immunoprecipitation result, we found that UBE2I could bind p27kip1, and the binding amount of p27kip1 and SUMO-1 decreased after UBE2I silencing. Moreover, nuclear retention of p27kip1 was induced by UBE2I knockdown and SUMOylation or CRM1 inhibition, further suggesting that UBE2I could cooperate with CRM1 in the nuclear export of p27kip1. These data indicate that UBE2I-mediated SUMOylation is a novel regulatory mechanism that underlies p27kip1 export and controls CCA tumorigenesis, providing a therapeutic option for CCA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Tan
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Kainian Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jian Luo
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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3
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Wei H, Guo J, Sun X, Gou W, Ning H, Fang Z, Liu Q, Hou W, Li Y. Discovery and radiosensitization research of ursolic acid derivatives as SENP1 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 227:113918. [PMID: 34688014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SUMOylation and deSUMOylation plays an important role in DNA damage response and the formation of radiotherapy resistance. SENP1 is the main specific isopeptidase to catalyze deSUMOylation modification. Inhibiting SENP1 upregulates cancer cell radiosensitivity and it becomes a promising target for radiosensitization. Herein, based on the structure of ursolic acid (UA), a total of 53 pentacyclic triterpene derivatives were designed and synthesized as SENP1 inhibitors. Ten derivatives exhibited better SENP1 inhibitory activities than UA and the preliminary structure-activity relationship was discussed. Most of the UA derivatives were low-cytotoxic, among which compound 36 showed the best radiosensitizing activity with the SER value of 1.45. It was the first study to develop small molecular SENP1 inhibitors as radiosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiang Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Jianghong Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wenfeng Gou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Hongxin Ning
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Zhennan Fang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| | - Wenbin Hou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| | - Yiliang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300192, China.
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4
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Soysouvanh F, Giuliano S, Habel N, El-Hachem N, Pisibon C, Bertolotto C, Ballotti R. An Update on the Role of Ubiquitination in Melanoma Development and Therapies. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10051133. [PMID: 33800394 PMCID: PMC7962844 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10051133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitination system plays a critical role in regulation of large array of biological processes and its alteration has been involved in the pathogenesis of cancers, among them cutaneous melanoma, which is responsible for the most deaths from skin cancers. Over the last decades, targeted therapies and immunotherapies became the standard therapeutic strategies for advanced melanomas. However, despite these breakthroughs, the prognosis of metastatic melanoma patients remains unoptimistic, mainly due to intrinsic or acquired resistances. Many avenues of research have been investigated to find new therapeutic targets for improving patient outcomes. Because of the pleiotropic functions of ubiquitination, and because each step of ubiquitination is amenable to pharmacological targeting, much attention has been paid to the role of this process in melanoma development and resistance to therapies. In this review, we summarize the latest data on ubiquitination and discuss the possible impacts on melanoma treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Soysouvanh
- Inserm U1065, C3M, Team 1, Biology, and Pathologies of Melanocytes, University of Nice Côte d’Azur, 06200 Nice, France; (F.S.); (S.G.); (N.H.); (C.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Serena Giuliano
- Inserm U1065, C3M, Team 1, Biology, and Pathologies of Melanocytes, University of Nice Côte d’Azur, 06200 Nice, France; (F.S.); (S.G.); (N.H.); (C.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Nadia Habel
- Inserm U1065, C3M, Team 1, Biology, and Pathologies of Melanocytes, University of Nice Côte d’Azur, 06200 Nice, France; (F.S.); (S.G.); (N.H.); (C.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Najla El-Hachem
- Laboratory of Cancer Signaling, University of Liège, 4020 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Céline Pisibon
- Inserm U1065, C3M, Team 1, Biology, and Pathologies of Melanocytes, University of Nice Côte d’Azur, 06200 Nice, France; (F.S.); (S.G.); (N.H.); (C.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Corine Bertolotto
- Inserm U1065, C3M, Team 1, Biology, and Pathologies of Melanocytes, University of Nice Côte d’Azur, 06200 Nice, France; (F.S.); (S.G.); (N.H.); (C.P.); (C.B.)
- Equipe labellisée Fondation ARC 2019, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Robert Ballotti
- Inserm U1065, C3M, Team 1, Biology, and Pathologies of Melanocytes, University of Nice Côte d’Azur, 06200 Nice, France; (F.S.); (S.G.); (N.H.); (C.P.); (C.B.)
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2020, 06200 Nice, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-89-06-43-32
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Wessel SR, Mohni KN, Luzwick JW, Dungrawala H, Cortez D. Functional Analysis of the Replication Fork Proteome Identifies BET Proteins as PCNA Regulators. Cell Rep 2020; 28:3497-3509.e4. [PMID: 31553917 PMCID: PMC6878991 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying proteins that function at replication forks is essential to understanding DNA replication, chromatin assembly, and replication-coupled DNA repair mechanisms. Combining quantitative mass spectrometry in multiple cell types with stringent statistical cutoffs, we generated a high-confidence catalog of 593 proteins that are enriched at replication forks and nascent chromatin. Loss-of-function genetic analyses indicate that 85% yield phenotypes that are consistent with activities in DNA and chromatin replication or already have described functions in these processes. We illustrate the value of this resource by identifying activities of the BET family proteins BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4 in controlling DNA replication. These proteins use their extra-terminal domains to bind and inhibit the ATAD5 complex and thereby control the amount of PCNA on chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Wessel
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kareem N Mohni
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jessica W Luzwick
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Huzefa Dungrawala
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - David Cortez
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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6
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Wang F, Liu Y. Identification of key genes, regulatory factors, and drug target genes of recurrent implantation failure (RIF). Gynecol Endocrinol 2020; 36:448-455. [PMID: 31646911 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2019.1680622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) exacerbates the physical trauma of infertile women that undergone in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). We aimed to identify the key genes, regulatory factors, and drug target genes involved in the RIF.Methods: The dataset GSE58144 that obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus mainly contained 43 RIF and 72 control endometrial samples. Differently expressed genes (DEGs) between RIF and control groups were firstly analyzed, followed by the pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis. Then, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and miRNA-transcript factor (TF)-DEGs network were established. Finally, a drug-target interaction network was constructed.Results: A total of 399 DEGs were identified between the RIF and controls. In the PPI and key module network, UBE2I, PLK4, XPO1, AURKB, and NUP107 were identified as the hub genes, which mainly enriched in RNA transport and cell division cycle-related pathways and GO items. In the miRNA-TF-DEGs network, E2F4, SIN3A, miRNA489, miRNA199A, miRNA369-3P, miRNA422, and miRNA522 were considered as the key regulatory factors during RIF. In addition, HTR1A, NR3C1, and GABRA3 were the main targets of the drugs annotated in DrugBank.Conclusion: The effects of PLK4, XPO1, AURKB, and NUP107 on the RIF may be via affecting the proliferation and differentiation of endometrial stromal cells. Besides, SIN3A and miRNA199A may be crucial for embryo implantation. In addition, NR3C1 may be used as a possible target for the clinical therapy of RIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yaofang Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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7
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Zhang DY, Yu K, Yang Z, Liu XZ, Ma XF, Li YX. Variation in expression of small ubiquitin-like modifiers in injured sciatic nerve of mice. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1455-1461. [PMID: 30964073 PMCID: PMC6524499 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.253531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) have been shown to regulate axonal regeneration, signal transduction, neuronal migration, and myelination, by covalently and reversibly attaching to the protein substrates during neuronal cell growth, development, and differentiation. It has not been reported whether SUMOs play a role in peripheral nerve injury and regeneration. To investigate any association between SUMOylation and potential neuroprotective effects during peripheral nerve injury and regeneration, C57/BL mice were randomly divided into sham and experimental groups. The sciatic nerve was exposed only in the sham group. The experimental group underwent neurotomy and epineurial neurorrhaphy. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay results revealed different mRNA and protein expression levels of SUMO1, SUMO2, SUMO3 and UBC9 in sciatic nerve tissue (containing both 5 mm of proximal and distal stumps at the injury site) at various time points after injury. Compared with the sham group, protein levels of SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 increased in both their covalent and free states after sciatic nerve injury in the experimental group, especially in the covalent state. UBC9 protein levels showed similar changes to those of SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 in the covalent states. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 immunopositivities were higher in the experimental group than in the sham group. Our results verified that during the repair of sciatic nerve injury, the mRNA and protein expression of SUMO1, SUMO2, SUMO3 and UBC9 in injured nerve tissues changed in varying patterns and there were clear changes in the expression of SUMO-related proteins. These findings reveal that SUMOs possibly play an important role in the repair of peripheral nerve injury. All animal protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, China (approval No. TJWZXLL2018041) on November 8, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian-Ying Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Zhi Liu
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Ma
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-Xia Li
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Bibi N, Rashid S, Nicholson J, Malloy M, O'Neill R, Blake D, Hupp T. An Integrative "Omics" Approach, for Identification of Bona Fides PLK1 Associated Biomarker in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2019; 19:742-755. [PMID: 30747067 DOI: 10.2174/1568009619666190211113722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid expansion of genome-wide profiling techniques offers the opportunity to utilize various types of information collected in the study of human health and disease. Overexpression of Polo like kinase 1 (PLK1) is associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC), however biological functions and molecular targets of PLK1 in OAC are still unknown. OBJECTIVES Here we performed integrative analysis of two "omics" data sources to reveal high-level interactions of PLK1 associated with OAC. METHODS Initially, quantitative gene expression (RPKM) was measured from transcriptomics data set of four OAC patients. In parallel, alteration in phosphorylation levels was evaluated in the proteomics data set (mass spectrometry) in OAC cell line (PLK1 inhibited). Next, two "omics" data sets were integrated and through comprehensive analysis possible true PLK1 targets that may serve as OAC biomarkers were assembled. RESULTS Through experimental validation, small ubiquitin-related modifier 1 (SUMO1) and heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1) were identified as novel phosphorylation targets of PLK1. Consequently in vivo, in situ and in silico experiments clearly demonstrated the interaction of PLK1 with putative novel targets (SUMO1 and HSPB1). CONCLUSION Identification of a PLK1 dependent biosignature in OAC with high confidence in two omics levels proven the robustness and efficacy of our integrative approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nousheen Bibi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawer, Pakistan
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Rashid
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Mark Malloy
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Rob O'Neill
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Center, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ted Hupp
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Center, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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François-Moutal L, Dustrude ET, Wang Y, Brustovetsky T, Dorame A, Ju W, Moutal A, Perez-Miller S, Brustovetsky N, Gokhale V, Khanna M, Khanna R. Inhibition of the Ubc9 E2 SUMO-conjugating enzyme-CRMP2 interaction decreases NaV1.7 currents and reverses experimental neuropathic pain. Pain 2018; 159:2115-2127. [PMID: 29847471 PMCID: PMC6150792 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that destruction of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) modification site in the axonal collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) was sufficient to selectively decrease trafficking of the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.7 and reverse neuropathic pain. Here, we further interrogate the biophysical nature of the interaction between CRMP2 and the SUMOylation machinery, and test the hypothesis that a rationally designed CRMP2 SUMOylation motif (CSM) peptide can interrupt E2 SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc9-dependent modification of CRMP2 leading to a similar suppression of NaV1.7 currents. Microscale thermophoresis and amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous alpha assay revealed a low micromolar binding affinity between CRMP2 and Ubc9. A heptamer peptide harboring CRMP2's SUMO motif, also bound with similar affinity to Ubc9, disrupted the CRMP2-Ubc9 interaction in a concentration-dependent manner. Importantly, incubation of a tat-conjugated cell-penetrating peptide (t-CSM) decreased sodium currents, predominantly NaV1.7, in a model neuronal cell line. Dialysis of t-CSM peptide reduced CRMP2 SUMOylation and blocked surface trafficking of NaV1.7 in rat sensory neurons. Fluorescence dye-based imaging in rat sensory neurons demonstrated inhibition of sodium influx in the presence of t-CSM peptide; by contrast, calcium influx was unaffected. Finally, t-CSM effectively reversed persistent mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity induced by a spinal nerve injury, a model of neuropathic pain. Structural modeling has now identified a pocket-harboring CRMP2's SUMOylation motif that, when targeted through computational screening of ligands/molecules, is expected to identify small molecules that will biochemically and functionally target CRMP2's SUMOylation to reduce NaV1.7 currents and reverse neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liberty François-Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Erik T. Dustrude
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Tatiana Brustovetsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Angie Dorame
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Weina Ju
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
- Department of Pharmacology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Samantha Perez-Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Nickolay Brustovetsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Vijay Gokhale
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - May Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85724
- The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85724
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85724
- The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85724
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10
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Zhang D, Yu K, Yang Z, Li Y, Ma X, Bian X, Liu F, Li L, Liu X, Wu W. Silencing Ubc9 expression suppresses osteosarcoma tumorigenesis and enhances chemosensitivity to HSV-TK/GCV by regulating connexin 43 SUMOylation. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:1323-1331. [PMID: 29956745 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (HSV-TK/GCV) systems to kill tumor cells is partially dependent on the integrity of gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) of targeted tumor cells. Recent studies have suggested that connexin 43 (Cx43), which serves a role in gap junction-mediated intercellular communication, is regulated by small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs). However, the roles of these post-translational modifications remain to be elucidated. The present study demonstrated overexpression of SUMO‑conjugating enzyme Ubc9 (Ubc9) protein in osteosarcoma. Silencing Ubc9 by siRNA inhibited osteosarcoma cell proliferation and migration, and significantly increased the sensitivity of cells to HSV-TK/GCV systems both in vitro and in vivo. Further experimentation demonstrated that silencing Ubc9 induced decoupling of SUMO1 from Cx43, generating increased free Cx43 levels, which is important for reconstructing GJIC and recovering cellular functions. In conclusion, the present study revealed a novel method for the effective restoration of GJIC in osteosarcoma cells, which may increase their sensitivity to conventional chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianying Zhang
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Beijing University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Kai Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Yanxia Li
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Ma
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Xiyun Bian
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Fengting Liu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhi Liu
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Wenhan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
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11
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Thiruvalluvan M, Barghouth PG, Tsur A, Broday L, Oviedo NJ. SUMOylation controls stem cell proliferation and regional cell death through Hedgehog signaling in planarians. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1285-1301. [PMID: 29098326 PMCID: PMC7083543 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2697-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying anteroposterior body axis differences during adult tissue maintenance and regeneration are poorly understood. Here, we identify that post-translational modifications through the SUMO (Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier) machinery are evolutionarily conserved in the Lophotrocozoan Schmidtea mediterranea. Disruption of SUMOylation in adult animals by RNA-interference of the only SUMO E2 conjugating enzyme Ubc9 leads to a systemic increase in DNA damage and a remarkable regional defect characterized by increased cell death and loss of the posterior half of the body. We identified that Ubc9 is mainly expressed in planarian stem cells (neoblasts) but it is also transcribed in differentiated cells including neurons. Regeneration in Ubc9(RNAi) animals is impaired and associated with low neoblast proliferation. We present evidence indicating that Ubc9-induced regional cell death is preceded by alterations in transcription and spatial expression of repressors and activators of the Hedgehog signaling pathway. Our results demonstrate that SUMOylation acts as a regional-specific cue to regulate cell fate during tissue renewal and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Thiruvalluvan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, USA
| | - Paul G Barghouth
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, USA
| | - Assaf Tsur
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Limor Broday
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Néstor J Oviedo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA.
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, USA.
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, USA.
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12
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Lee JS, Choi HJ, Baek SH. Sumoylation and Its Contribution to Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 963:283-298. [PMID: 28197919 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50044-7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications play an important role in regulating protein activity by altering their functions. Sumoylation is a highly dynamic process which is tightly regulated by a fine balance between conjugating and deconjugating enzyme activities. It affects intracellular localization and their interaction with their binding partners, thereby changing gene expression. Consequently, these changes in turn affect signaling mechanisms that regulate many cellular functions, such as cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis , DNA repair , and cell survival. It is becoming apparent that deregulation in the SUMO pathway contributes to oncogenic transformation by affecting sumoylation/desumoylation of many oncoproteins and tumor suppressors. Loss of balance between sumoylation and desumoylation has been reported in a number of studies in a variety of disease types including cancer. This chapter summarizes the mechanisms and functions of the deregulated SUMO pathway affecting oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Hee June Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Sung Hee Baek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.
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13
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Pichler A, Fatouros C, Lee H, Eisenhardt N. SUMO conjugation - a mechanistic view. Biomol Concepts 2017; 8:13-36. [PMID: 28284030 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2016-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of protein fate by modification with the small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) plays an essential and crucial role in most cellular pathways. Sumoylation is highly dynamic due to the opposing activities of SUMO conjugation and SUMO deconjugation. SUMO conjugation is performed by the hierarchical action of E1, E2 and E3 enzymes, while its deconjugation involves SUMO-specific proteases. In this review, we summarize and compare the mechanistic principles of how SUMO gets conjugated to its substrate. We focus on the interplay of the E1, E2 and E3 enzymes and discuss how specificity could be achieved given the limited number of conjugating enzymes and the thousands of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pichler
- Department of Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chronis Fatouros
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Department of Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heekyoung Lee
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Department of Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Eisenhardt
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Department of Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany
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14
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WANG JUNJIE, NI JIANGDONG, YI SHUAI, SONG DEYE, DING MULIANG. Protein inhibitor of activated STAT xα depresses cyclin D and cyclin D kinase, and contributes to the inhibition of osteosarcoma cell progression. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1645-52. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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15
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Tsuge M, Kaneoka H, Masuda Y, Ito H, Miyake K, Iijima S. Implication of SUMO E3 ligases in nucleotide excision repair. Cytotechnology 2014; 67:681-7. [PMID: 25008297 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9762-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications alter protein function to mediate complex hierarchical regulatory processes that are crucial to eukaryotic cellular function. The small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is an important post-translational modification that affects transcriptional regulation, nuclear localization, and the maintenance of genome stability. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a very versatile DNA repair system that is essential for protection against ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The deficiencies in NER function remarkably increase the risk of skin cancer. Recent studies have shown that several NER factors are SUMOylated, which influences repair efficiency. However, how SUMOylation modulates NER has not yet been elucidated. In the present study, we performed RNAi knockdown of SUMO E3 ligases and found that, in addition to PIASy, the polycomb protein Pc2 affected the repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. PIAS1 affected both the removal of 6-4 pyrimidine pyrimidone photoproducts and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, whereas other SUMO E3 ligases did not affect the removal of either UV lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maasa Tsuge
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
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16
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SUMOylation proteins in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 144:519-30. [PMID: 24584753 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-2897-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier proteins (or SUMO) modify the function of protein substrates involved in various cellular processes including DNA damage response (DDR). It is becoming apparent that dysregulated SUMO contribute to carcinogenesis by affecting post-transcriptional modification of key proteins. It is hypothesised that SUMO contributes to the aggressive nature of breast cancer particularly those associated with features similar to breast carcinoma arising in patients with BRCA1 germline mutations. This study aims to assess the clinical and biological significance of three members of SUMO in a well-characterised annotated series of BC with emphasis on DDR. The study cohort comprised primary operable invasive BC including tumours from patients with known BRCA1 germline mutations. SUMO proteins PIAS1, PIAS4 and UBC9 were assessed using immunohistochemistry utilising tissue microarray technology. Additionally, their expression was assessed using reverse phase protein microarray utilising different cell lines. PIAS1 and UBC9 showed cytoplasmic and/or nuclear expression while PIAS4 was detected only in the nuclei. There was a correlation between subcellular localisation and expression of the nuclear transport protein KPNA2. Tumours showing positive nuclear/negative cytoplasmic expression of SUMO featured good prognostic characteristics including lower histologic grade and had a good outcome. Strong correlation with DDR-related proteins including BRCA1, Rad51, ATM, CHK1, DNA-PK and KU70/KU80 was observed. Correlation with ER and BRCA1 was confirmed using RPPA on cell lines. SUMO proteins seem to play important role in BC. Not only expression but also subcellular location is associated with BC phenotype.
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17
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Takemoto M, Kawamura Y, Hirohama M, Yamaguchi Y, Handa H, Saitoh H, Nakao Y, Kawada M, Khalid K, Koshino H, Kimura KI, Ito A, Yoshida M. Inhibition of protein SUMOylation by davidiin, an ellagitannin from Davidia involucrata. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2014; 67:335-8. [PMID: 24424345 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2013.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Misao Takemoto
- 1] Drug Discovery Platform Cooperation Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan [2] Department of Biological Information, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yumi Kawamura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Mikako Hirohama
- 1] Chemical Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Japan [2] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan [3] Japan Science and Technology Corporation, CREST Research Project, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Biological Information, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hisato Saitoh
- Department of New Frontier Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoichi Nakao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Kawada
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Numazu, Japan
| | - Khan Khalid
- Chemical Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | | | - Ken-ichi Kimura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- 1] Chemical Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Japan [2] Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- 1] Drug Discovery Platform Cooperation Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan [2] Chemical Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Japan [3] Japan Science and Technology Corporation, CREST Research Project, Kawaguchi, Japan [4] Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan
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18
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Hirohama M, Kumar A, Fukuda I, Matsuoka S, Igarashi Y, Saitoh H, Takagi M, Shin-ya K, Honda K, Kondoh Y, Saito T, Nakao Y, Osada H, Zhang KYJ, Yoshida M, Ito A. Spectomycin B1 as a novel SUMOylation inhibitor that directly binds to SUMO E2. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:2635-42. [PMID: 24143955 DOI: 10.1021/cb400630z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Conjugation of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) to protein (SUMOylation) regulates multiple biological systems by changing the functions and fates of a large number of proteins. Consequently, abnormalities in SUMOylation have been linked to multiple diseases, including breast cancer. Using an in situ cell-based screening system, we have identified spectomycin B1 and related natural products as novel SUMOylation inhibitors. Unlike known SUMOylation inhibitors such as ginkgolic acid, spectomycin B1 directly binds to E2 (Ubc9) and selectively blocks the formation of the E2-SUMO intermediate; that is, Ubc9 is the direct target of spectomycin B1. Importantly, either spectomycin B1 treatment or Ubc9 knockdown inhibited estrogen-dependent proliferation of MCF7 human breast-cancer cells. Our findings suggest that Ubc9 inhibitors such as spectomycin B1 have potential as therapeutic agents against hormone-dependent breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikako Hirohama
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Corporation, CREST Research Project, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | | | - Isao Fukuda
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Saitama, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | | | - Yasuhiro Igarashi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Hisato Saitoh
- Department
of New Frontier Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Motoki Takagi
- Translational
Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, 11-25 Sakaemachi, Fukushima 960-8031, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shin-ya
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Yoichi Nakao
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | | | | | - Minoru Yoshida
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Saitama, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Corporation, CREST Research Project, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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19
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Wang S, Jiao B, Geng S, Ma S, Liang Z, Lu S. Combined aberrant expression of microRNA-214 and UBC9 is an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for patients with gliomas. Med Oncol 2013; 31:767. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0767-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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LI HUI, NIU HUIYAN, PENG YANG, WANG JIAHE, HE PING. Ubc9 promotes invasion and metastasis of lung cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2013; 29:1588-94. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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21
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Wintzell M, Hjerpe E, Åvall Lundqvist E, Shoshan M. Protein markers of cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor-initiating cells reveal subpopulations in freshly isolated ovarian cancer ascites. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:359. [PMID: 22901285 PMCID: PMC3517779 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In ovarian cancer, massive intraperitoneal dissemination is due to exfoliated tumor cells in ascites. Tumor-initiating cells (TICs or cancer stem cells) and cells showing epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) are particularly implicated. Spontaneous spherical cell aggregates are sometimes observed, but although similar to those formed by TICs in vitro, their significance is unclear. METHODS Cells freshly isolated from malignant ascites were separated into sphere samples (S-type samples, n=9) and monolayer-forming single-cell suspensions (M-type, n=18). Using western blot, these were then compared for expression of protein markers of EMT, TIC, and of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). RESULTS S-type cells differed significantly from M-type by expressing high levels of E-cadherin and no or little vimentin, integrin-β3 or stem cell transcription factor Oct-4A. By contrast, M-type samples were enriched for CD44, Oct-4A and for CAF markers. Independently of M- and S-type, there was a strong correlation between TIC markers Nanog and EpCAM. The CAF marker α-SMA correlated with clinical stage IV. This is the first report on CAF markers in malignant ascites and on SUMOylation of Oct-4A in ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS In addition to demonstrating potentially high levels of TICs in ascites, the results suggest that the S-type population is the less tumorigenic one. Nanog(high)/EpCAM(high) samples represent a TIC subset which may be either M- or S-type, and which is separate from the CD44(high)/Oct-4A(high) subset observed only in M-type samples. This demonstrates a heterogeneity in TIC populations in vivo which has practical implications for TIC isolation based on cell sorting. The biological heterogeneity will need to be addressed in future therapeutical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- My Wintzell
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska CCK R8:03 Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm S-171 76, Sweden.
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22
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Chen YZ, Chen Z, Gong YA, Ying G. SUMOhydro: a novel method for the prediction of sumoylation sites based on hydrophobic properties. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39195. [PMID: 22720073 PMCID: PMC3375222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sumoylation is one of the most essential mechanisms of reversible protein post-translational modifications and is a crucial biochemical process in the regulation of a variety of important biological functions. Sumoylation is also closely involved in various human diseases. The accurate computational identification of sumoylation sites in protein sequences aids in experimental design and mechanistic research in cellular biology. In this study, we introduced amino acid hydrophobicity as a parameter into a traditional binary encoding scheme and developed a novel sumoylation site prediction tool termed SUMOhydro. With the assistance of a support vector machine, the proposed method was trained and tested using a stringent non-redundant sumoylation dataset. In a leave-one-out cross-validation, the proposed method yielded an excellent performance with a correlation coefficient, specificity, sensitivity and accuracy equal to 0.690, 98.6%, 71.1% and 97.5%, respectively. In addition, SUMOhydro has been benchmarked against previously described predictors based on an independent dataset, thereby suggesting that the introduction of hydrophobicity as an additional parameter could assist in the prediction of sumoylation sites. Currently, SUMOhydro is freely accessible at http://protein.cau.edu.cn/others/SUMOhydro/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Zi Chen
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Bioinformatics Center, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ai Gong
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Tianjin, China
| | - Guoguang Ying
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Tianjin, China
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Moschos SJ, Jukic DM, Athanassiou C, Bhargava R, Dacic S, Wang X, Kuan SF, Fayewicz SL, Galambos C, Acquafondata M, Dhir R, Becker D. Expression analysis of Ubc9, the single small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E2 conjugating enzyme, in normal and malignant tissues. Hum Pathol 2010; 41:1286-98. [PMID: 20561671 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2010.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Revised: 02/13/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Unlike ubiquitination, which targets proteins for degradation, sumoylation modulates protein-protein interactions of target proteins. Although there are multiple E2 enzymes required for ubiquitination, there is only one E2-conjugating enzyme for sumoylation, which is Ubc9. In line with increasing evidence that sumoylation plays an important role in tumorigenesis, we recently demonstrated that Ubc9 is expressed at high levels in advanced melanomas and that blocking expression of Ubc9 sensitizes melanomas to the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. To determine whether and to what extent Ubc9 is expressed in other malignancies and their normal tissue counterparts, we undertook a detailed analysis of colon, lung, prostate, and breast cancer tissue microarrays. The findings, presented here, document that in primary colon and prostate cancer, Ubc9 expression is increased compared with their normal tissue counterparts, whereas in metastatic breast, prostate, and lung cancer, it is decreased in comparison with their corresponding normal and primary adenocarcinoma tissues. We also provide evidence that Ubc9 expression correlates positively with Dukes' stage and negatively with the Gleason score as well as breast cancer grade and that Ubc9 expression is substantially higher in the luminal than in the nonluminal type of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stergios J Moschos
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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24
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Zhu H, Yu JJ. Gene expression patterns in the histopathological classification of epithelial ovarian cancer. Exp Ther Med 2010; 1:187-192. [PMID: 23136613 DOI: 10.3892/etm_00000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to screen cancer-related genes and to identify histopathological gene expression patterns as potential biomarkers in human epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Fifty genes were screened by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay with cDNA from 83 EOC tissues and 48 normal ovarian specimens of ovarian cancer patients and evaluated by gel electrophoresis analysis. Twenty expressed genes were assessed by real-time relative-quantity (RQ)-PCR in 30 EOC specimens for gene signature study. Four genes, TAL2, EGF, ILF3 and UBE2I, were investigated for gene expression patterns in histopathological classification of EOC. RQ-value (Ct, ΔCt, ΔΔCt, RQ and gene expression plots) was generated by ABI 7500 Fast System SDS Software (version 1.4). SPSS 15.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Using real-time RQ-PCR, we found that TAL2, EGF, ILF3 and UBE2I demonstrated distinct expression patterns in histological types of epithelial ovarian cancer. The expression of ILF3 and UBE2I in tumors was significantly higher than in normal tissue, with extremely high expression in serous carcinomas compared to mucinous, endometrium and clear cell carcinomas. In addition, ILF3 and UBE2I were overexpressed in advanced stage and advanced grade ovarian cancer, compared to early stage or well-differentiated ovarian cancer. This is the first report of TAL2 and ILF3 expression in the normal human ovary and epithelial ovarian cancer. Our results indicate that overexpression of ILF3 and UBE2I in advanced stage and advanced grade suggest that these two genes may play an important role in tumorigenesis/tumor progression and pathological differentiation of the disease. Notably, ILF3 plays a role in DNA binding activity and transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation; UBE2I is required in ubiquitination and sumoylation and is involved in DNA repair and apoptosis of cells. Further investigations to reveal the molecular mechanisms related to the activation of ILF3 and UBE2I in the development of EOC are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglan Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA ; ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
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Vlachostergios PJ, Patrikidou A, Daliani DD, Papandreou CN. The ubiquitin-proteasome system in cancer, a major player in DNA repair. Part 1: post-translational regulation. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 13:3006-18. [PMID: 19522845 PMCID: PMC4516461 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00824.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA repair is a fundamental cellular function, indispensable for cell survival, especially in conditions of exposure to environmental or pharmacological effectors of DNA damage. The regulation of this function requires a flexible machinery to orchestrate the reversal of harmful DNA lesions by making use of existing proteins as well as inducible gene products. The accumulation of evidence for the involvement of ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in DNA repair pathways, that is reviewed here, has expanded its role from a cellular waste disposal basket to a multi-dimensional regulatory system. This review is the first of two that attempt to illustrate the nature and interactions of all different DNA repair pathways where UPS is demonstrated to be involved, with special focus on cancer- and chemotherapy-related DNA-damage repair. In this first review, we will be presenting the proteolytic and non-proteolytic roles of UPS in the post-translational regulation of DNA repair proteins, while the second review will focus on the UPS-dependent transcriptional response of DNA repair after DNA damage and stress.
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Evdokimov E, Sharma P, Lockett SJ, Lualdi M, Kuehn MR. Loss of SUMO1 in mice affects RanGAP1 localization and formation of PML nuclear bodies, but is not lethal as it can be compensated by SUMO2 or SUMO3. J Cell Sci 2008; 121:4106-13. [PMID: 19033381 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.038570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugation of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) to target proteins regulates numerous biological processes and has been implicated in tumorigenesis and metastasis. The three SUMO isoforms in vertebrates, SUMO1 and the highly similar SUMO2 and SUMO3, can be conjugated to unique as well as overlapping subsets of target proteins. Yet, it is still not clear whether roles for each family member are distinct or whether redundancy exists. Here we describe a mutant mouse line that completely lacks SUMO1, but surprisingly is viable and lacks any overt phenotype. Our study points to compensatory utilization of SUMO2 and/or SUMO3 for sumoylation of SUMO1 targets. The ability of SUMO isoforms to substitute for one another has important implications for rational targeting of the SUMO pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenij Evdokimov
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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Tozluoğlu M, Karaca E, Haliloglu T, Nussinov R. Cataloging and organizing p73 interactions in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Nucleic Acids Res 2008; 36:5033-49. [PMID: 18660513 PMCID: PMC2528188 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkn481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We have compiled the p73-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis pathways. p73 is a member of the p53 family, consisting of p53, p63 and p73. p73 exists in several isoforms, presenting different domain structures. p73 functions not only as a tumor suppressor in apoptosis but also as differentiator in embryo development. p53 mutations are responsible for half of the human cancers; p73 can partially substitute mutant p53 as tumor suppressor. The pathways we assembled create a p73-centered network consisting of 53 proteins and 176 interactions. We clustered our network into five functional categories: Upregulation, Activation, Suppression, Transcriptional Activity and Degradation. Our literature searches led to discovering proteins (c-Jun and pRb) with apparent opposing functional effects; these indicate either currently missing proteins and interactions or experimental misidentification or functional annotation. For convenience, here we present the p73 network using the molecular interaction map (MIM) notation. The p73 MIM is unique amongst MIMs, since it further implements detailed domain features. We highlight shared pathways between p53 and p73. We expect that the compiled and organized network would be useful to p53 family-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melda Tozluoğlu
- Polymer Research Center and Chemical Engineering Department, Bogazici University, Bebek-Istanbul 80815, Turkey
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Teoh NC, Dan YY, Swisshelm K, Lehman S, Wright JH, Haque J, Gu Y, Fausto N. Defective DNA strand break repair causes chromosomal instability and accelerates liver carcinogenesis in mice. Hepatology 2008; 47:2078-88. [PMID: 18506893 DOI: 10.1002/hep.22194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Chromosomal instability is a characteristic feature of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but its origin and role in liver carcinogenesis are undefined. We tested whether a defect in the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair gene Ku70 was associated with chromosomal abnormalities and enhanced liver carcinogenesis. Male Ku70 NHEJ-deficient (Ku70-/-), heterozygote (Ku70 +/-), and wild-type (WT) mice were injected with diethylnitrosamine (DEN), a liver carcinogen, at age 15 days. Animals were killed at 3, 6, and 9 months for assessment of tumorigenesis and hepatocellular proliferation. For karyotype analysis, primary liver tumor cell cultures were prepared from HCCs arising in Ku70 mice of all genotypes. Compared to WT littermates, Ku70-/- mice injected with DEN displayed accelerated HCC development. Ku70-/- HCCs harbored clonal increases in numerical and structural aberrations of chromosomes 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 14, and 19, many of which recapitulated the spectrum of equivalent chromosomal abnormalities observed in human HCC. Ku70-/- HCCs showed high proliferative activity with increased cyclin D1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression, Aurora A kinase activity, enhanced ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase and ubiquitination, and loss of p53 via proteasomal degradation, features which closely resemble those of human HCC. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that defects in the NHEJ DNA repair pathway may participate in the disruption of cell cycle checkpoints leading to chromosomal instability and accelerated development of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narci C Teoh
- Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, Australia.
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Yang W, Sheng H, Homi HM, Warner DS, Paschen W. Cerebral ischemia/stroke and small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) conjugation--a new target for therapeutic intervention? J Neurochem 2008; 106:989-99. [PMID: 18410505 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05404.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transient cerebral ischemia/stroke activates various post-translational protein modifications such as phosphorylation and ubiquitin conjugation that are believed to play a major role in the pathological process triggered by an interruption of blood supply and culminating in cell death. A new system of post-translational protein modification has been identified, termed as small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) conjugation. Like ubiquitin, SUMO is conjugated to the lysine residue of target proteins in a complex process. This review summarizes observations from recent experiments focusing on the effect of cerebral ischemia on SUMO conjugation. Transient global and focal cerebral ischemia both induced a rapid, dramatic and long-lasting rise in levels of SUMO2/3 conjugation. After transient focal cerebral ischemia, SUMO conjugation was particularly prominent in neurons located at the border of the ischemic territory where SUMO-conjugated proteins translocated to the nucleus. Many SUMO conjugation target proteins are transcription factors and sumoylation has been shown to have a major impact on the activity, stability, and cellular localization of target proteins. The rise in levels of SUMO-conjugated proteins is therefore likely to have a major effect on the fate of post-ischemic neurons. The sumoylation process could provide an exciting new target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Abstract
SUMO proteins are small ubiquitin-like modifiers found in all eukaryotes that become covalently conjugated to other cellular proteins. The SUMO conjugation pathway is biochemically similar to ubiquitin conjugation, although the enzymes within the pathway act exclusively on SUMO proteins. This post-translational modification controls many processes. Here, I will focus on evidence that SUMOylation plays a critical role(s) in mitosis: Early studies showed a genetic requirement for SUMO pathway components in the process of cell division, while later findings implicated SUMOylation in the control of mitotic chromosome structure, cell cycle progression, kinetochore function and cytokinesis. Recent insights into the targets of SUMOylation are likely to be extremely helpful in understanding each of these aspects. Finally, growing evidence suggests that SUMOylation is a downstream target of regulation through Ran, a small GTPase with important functions in both interphase nuclear trafficking and mitotic spindle assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Dasso
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development, NICHD/NIH, Building 18, Room 106, MSC-5431, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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32
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SIRT1 sumoylation regulates its deacetylase activity and cellular response to genotoxic stress. Nat Cell Biol 2007; 9:1253-62. [PMID: 17934453 DOI: 10.1038/ncb1645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Accepted: 08/28/2007] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SIRT1 is the closest mammalian homologue of yeast SIR2, an important ageing regulator that prolongs lifespan in response to caloric restriction. Despite its importance, the mechanisms that regulate SIRT1 activity are unclear. Our study identifies a novel post-translational modification of SIRT1, namely sumoylation at Lys 734. In vitro sumoylation of SIRT1 increased its deacetylase activity. Conversely, mutation of SIRT1 at Lys 734 or desumoylation by SENP1, a nuclear desumoylase, reduced its deacetylase activity. Stress-inducing agents promoted the association of SIRT1 with SENP1 and cells depleted of SENP1 (but not of SENP1 and SIRT1) were more resistant to stress-induced apoptosis than control cells. We suggest that stress-inducing agents counteract the anti-apoptotic activity of SIRT1 by recruiting SENP1 to SIRT1, which results in the desumoylation and inactivation of SIRT1 and the consequent acetylation and activation of apoptotic proteins.
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Wu F, Chiocca S, Beck WT, Mo YY. Gam1-associated alterations of drug responsiveness through activation of apoptosis. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 6:1823-30. [PMID: 17575111 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An early gene product, Gam1, encoded by the avian adenovirus CELO, is an inhibitory protein for the sumoylation machinery, which has been implicated in regulating a variety of cellular pathways. In this study, we found that Gam1 effectively suppressed both constitutive and inducible sumoylation and caused significant cell growth inhibition. This Gam1-mediated cell growth inhibition was associated with induction of apoptosis. In particular, Gam1 induced caspase-3 activity as detected by immunostaining and Western blot. Of interest, like the Ubc9 dominant-negative mutant, Gam1 also sensitized cells to DNA-damaging agents such as topotecan and doxorubicin and non-DNA-damaging agents such as paclitaxel and vincristine. Taken together, our findings suggest that activation of the caspase pathways is at least in part responsible for the increased apoptosis in Gam1-expressing cells and, thus, contributes to the growth inhibition and enhanced chemosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangting Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794, USA
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Yan J, Yang XP, Kim YS, Joo JH, Jetten AM. RAP80 interacts with the SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9 and is a novel target for sumoylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 362:132-138. [PMID: 17698038 PMCID: PMC2049087 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.07.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2007] [Accepted: 07/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
RAP80, a nuclear protein with two functional ubiquitin-interaction motifs (UIMs) at its N-terminus, plays a critical role in the regulation of estrogen receptor alpha and DNA damage response signaling. A yeast two-hybrid screen identified the SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9 as a protein interacting with RAP80. The interaction of RAP80 with UBC9 was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down analyses. The region between aa 122-204 was critical for the interaction of RAP80 with UBC9. In addition, we demonstrate that RAP80 is a target for SUMO-1 modification in intact cells. Expression of UBC9 enhanced RAP80 mono-sumoylation and also induced multi-sumoylation of RAP80. In addition to SUMO-1, RAP80 was efficiently conjugated to SUMO-3 but was only a weak substrate for SUMO-2 conjugation. These findings suggest that sumoylation plays a role in the regulation of RAP80 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- Cell Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Xiao-Ping Yang
- Cell Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Yong-Sik Kim
- Cell Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Joung Hyuck Joo
- Cell Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Anton M Jetten
- Cell Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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