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Meccariello R, Bellenchi GC, Pulcrano S, D’Addario SL, Tafuri D, Mercuri NB, Guatteo E. Neuronal dysfunction and gene modulation by non-coding RNA in Parkinson's disease and synucleinopathies. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 17:1328269. [PMID: 38249528 PMCID: PMC10796818 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1328269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, emerging evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) including long-non-coding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA) and circular-RNA (circRNA) contribute to the molecular events underlying progressive neuronal degeneration, and a plethora of ncRNAs have been identified significantly misregulated in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease and synucleinopathy. Although a direct link between neuropathology and causative candidates has not been clearly established in many cases, the contribution of ncRNAs to the molecular processes leading to cellular dysfunction observed in neurodegenerative diseases has been addressed, suggesting that they may play a role in the pathophysiology of these diseases. Aim of the present Review is to overview and discuss recent literature focused on the role of RNA-based mechanisms involved in different aspects of neuronal pathology in Parkinson's disease and synucleinopathy models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Meccariello
- Department of Medical and Movement Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Bellenchi
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, CNR, Naples, Italy
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sebastian Luca D’Addario
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Computational and Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, CNR, Rome, Italy
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Domenico Tafuri
- Department of Medical and Movement Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola B. Mercuri
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ezia Guatteo
- Department of Medical and Movement Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
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Abstract
Mechanical variables such as stiffness, stress, strain, and fluid shear stress are central to tissue functions, thus, must be maintained within the proper range. Mechanics are especially important in the cardiovascular system and lung, the functions of which are essentially mechanical. Mechanical homeostasis is characterized by negative feedback in which deviations from the optimal value or set point activates mechanisms to return the system to the correct range. In chronic diseases, homeostatic mechanisms are generally overcome or replaced with positive feedback loops that promote disease progression. Recent work has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are essential to mechanical homeostasis in a number of biological systems and that perturbations to miRNA biogenesis play key roles in cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. In this review, we integrate current knowledge of miRNAs in mechanical homeostasis and how these mechanisms are altered in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Herrera
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center and Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), Cell Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven 06511, Connecticut, USA
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Bai X, Zhang X, Fang R, Wang J, Ma Y, Liu Z, Dong H, Li Q, Ge J, Yu M, Fei J, Sun R, Huang F. Deficiency of miR-29b2/c leads to accelerated aging and neuroprotection in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:22390-22411. [PMID: 34543233 PMCID: PMC8507277 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Studies reveal a linkage of miR-29s in aging and Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we show that the serum levels of miR-29s in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mice exhibited dynamic changes. The role of miR-29b2/c in aging and PD was studied utilizing miR-29b2/c gene knockout mice (miR-29b2/c KO). miR-29b2/c KO mice were characterized by a markedly lighter weight, kyphosis, muscle weakness and abnormal gait, when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. The WT also developed apparent dermis thickening and adipose tissue reduction. However, deficiency of miR-29b2/c alleviated MPTP-induced damages of the dopaminergic system and glial activation in the nigrostriatal pathway and consequently improved the motor function of MPTP-treated KO mice. Knockout of miR-29b2/c inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-treated primary cultures of mixed glia, primary astrocytes, or LPS-treated primary microglia. Moreover, miR-29b2/c deficiency enhanced the activity of AMPK but repressed the NF-κB p65 signaling in glial cells. Our results show that miR-29b2/c KO mice display the progeria-like phenotype. Less activated glial cells and repressed neuroinflammation might bring forth dopaminergic neuroprotection in miR-29b2/c KO mice. Conclusively, miR-29b2/c is involved in the regulation of aging and plays a detrimental role in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Bai
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rong Fang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhaolin Liu
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongtian Dong
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jingyu Ge
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Fei
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai Model Organisms Center, INC, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ruilin Sun
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai Model Organisms Center, INC, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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4
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Dos Santos VG, Dos Santos GA, Neto CB, Viana NI, Pimenta R, Guimarães VR, Candido P, Romão P, de Camargo JA, Leite KRM, Srougi M, Cury J, Nahas WC, Reis ST. Downregulation of miR-29b is associated with Peyronie's disease. Urologia 2021; 89:451-455. [PMID: 34346250 DOI: 10.1177/03915603211036628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peyronie's disease (PD) is characterized by the formation of fibrous plaque in tunica albuginea, causing several problems in patients. The etiology of this disease is not fully understood, and there are few effective treatments. To better understand the molecular pathways of PD, we studied miR-29b, a microRNA that could be involved with this illness. MicroRNAs are endogenous molecules that act by inhibiting messenger RNA. MiR-29b regulates 11 of 20 collagen genes and the TGF-β1 gene, which are related to PD progression. METHODS We compared miR-29b expression in 11 patients with PD and 14 patients without PD (control group). For the patients with PD, we utilized samples from the fibrous plaque (n = 9), from the tunica albuginea (n = 11), and from the corpus cavernosum (n = 8). For the control group, we utilized samples from the tunica albuginea (n = 14) and from the corpus cavernosum (n = 10). MiR-29b expression was determined by q-PCR. RESULTS We found a downregulation of miR-29b in the fibrous plaque, tunica albuginea and corpus cavernosum of patients with PD in comparison with the control group (p = 0.0484, p = 0.0025, and p = 0.0016, respectively). CONCLUSION Although our study has a small sample, we showed for the first time an evidence that the downregulation of miR-29b is associated with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Genuino Dos Santos
- São Camilo University Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Arantes Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristóvão Barbosa Neto
- Sexual Medicine of the Hospital das Clinicals of University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nayara Izabel Viana
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ruan Pimenta
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Ribeiro Guimarães
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Candido
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Poliana Romão
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana A de Camargo
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katia Ramos Moreira Leite
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miguel Srougi
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Cury
- Sexual Medicine of the Hospital das Clinicals of University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sabrina Thalita Reis
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Athens University Center (UniAtenas), Passos, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Dai X, Zeng Y, Zhang H, Gu Z, Gong Q, Luo K. Advances on Nanomedicines for Diagnosis and Theranostics of Hepatic Fibrosis. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202000091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xinghang Dai
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) Department of Radiology Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- West China School of Medicine Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yujun Zeng
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) Department of Radiology Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) Department of Radiology Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- Amgen Bioprocessing Centre Keck Graduate Institute CA 91711 USA
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) Department of Radiology Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) Department of Radiology Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Chengdu 610041 China
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Zhu Y, Hu Y, Cheng X, Li Q, Niu Q. Elevated miR-129-5p attenuates hepatic fibrosis through the NF-κB signaling pathway via PEG3 in a carbon CCl 4 rat model. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:491-501. [PMID: 33743102 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09949-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a reversible scaring response to chronic liver injury. MicroRNA (miR)-129-5p might regulate fibrosis-related gene expression. This study is performed to decipher, potential of miR-129-5p to influence the progression of hepatic fibrosis in a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) rat model. Rat hepatic fibrosis was successfully established by subcutaneous injection of 50% CCl4. RT-qPCR revealed that miR-129-5p was poorly expressed and PEG3 was highly expressed in hepatic fibrosis tissues. As reflected by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, miR-129-5p targeted and reduced the expression of PEG3. Thereafter, miR-129-5p antagomir or short hairpin RNA against paternally expressed gene 3 (PEG3) was adopted for gain- and loss-of-function assay to determine the molecular regulatory mechanism of miR-129-5p. Moreover, we detected the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway-related proteins and apoptosis-related factors, and made a serological analysis of the rat serum samples. Results showed that upregulated miR-129-5p or downregulated PEG3 led to reduction of the histological changes of liver cirrhosis and lowered the apoptosis rate, via downstream effects on the NF-κB signaling pathway. Thus, the hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl4 can be rescued by upregulated miR-129-5p or downregulated PEG3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuezhi Zhu
- Department of Emergency, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingbin Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661, Huanghe 2nd Road, Bincheng District, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianyong Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661, Huanghe 2nd Road, Bincheng District, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661, Huanghe 2nd Road, Bincheng District, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661, Huanghe 2nd Road, Bincheng District, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Khanam A, Saleeb PG, Kottilil S. Pathophysiology and Treatment Options for Hepatic Fibrosis: Can It Be Completely Cured? Cells 2021; 10:cells10051097. [PMID: 34064375 PMCID: PMC8147843 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a dynamic process that occurs as a wound healing response against liver injury. During fibrosis, crosstalk between parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells, activation of different immune cells and signaling pathways, as well as a release of several inflammatory mediators take place, resulting in inflammation. Excessive inflammation drives hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, which then encounters various morphological and functional changes before transforming into proliferative and extracellular matrix (ECM)-producing myofibroblasts. Finally, enormous ECM accumulation interferes with hepatic function and leads to liver failure. To overcome this condition, several therapeutic approaches have been developed to inhibit inflammatory responses, HSC proliferation and activation. Preclinical studies also suggest several targets for the development of anti-fibrotic therapies; however, very few advanced to clinical trials. The pathophysiology of hepatic fibrosis is extremely complex and requires comprehensive understanding to identify effective therapeutic targets; therefore, in this review, we focus on the various cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with the pathophysiology of hepatic fibrosis and discuss potential strategies to control or reverse the fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshi Khanam
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Paul G. Saleeb
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Shyam Kottilil
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-410-706-4872
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The integrative regulatory network of circRNA and microRNA in keloid scarring. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:201-209. [PMID: 31612410 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA), a novel type of non-coding RNA that consists of a circular loop, has been demonstrated to act as a "sponge" for microRNAs (miRNAs). However, the role of circRNAs in keloid remains unknown. In this study, we investigated circRNA expression profiles in keloid to identify potential diagnostic and therapeutic circRNAs. We performed a circRNA microarray assay to determine circRNA expression in keloid and paired normal skin tissues. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the expression levels of candidate circRNAs. The most significantly over-expressed circRNA was used to predict putative miRNA targets and the binding sites of miRNAs with this circRNA. Finally, we constructed a circRNA-miRNA interaction network and carried out gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. We found 52 significantly upregulated and 24 downregulated circRNAs in keloid compared with normal skin tissue. We confirmed that hsa_circ_0057452, hsa_circ_0007482, hsa_circ_0020792, hsa_circ_0057342, and hsa_circ_0043688 were significantly upregulated in keloid tissues. Analysis of the circRNA-miRNA interaction network revealed that circRNAs could interact with miRNAs, including miRNA-29a, miRNA-23a-5p and miRNA-1976. GO and KEGG analyses indicated that these target genes were involved in biological functions and signaling pathways that may play vital roles in the pathogenesis of keloid. This study revealed that circRNAs are potentially implicated in the development of keloid and could serve as novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Pokrywczynska M, Rasmus M, Jundzill A, Balcerczyk D, Adamowicz J, Warda K, Buchholz L, Drewa T. Mesenchymal stromal cells modulate the molecular pattern of healing process in tissue-engineered urinary bladder: the microarray data. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:176. [PMID: 31196214 PMCID: PMC6567623 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1266-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular mechanisms underlying the regenerative process induced by stem cells in tissue-engineered urinary bladder are poorly explained. The study was performed to explore the pathways associated with regeneration process in the urinary bladder reconstructed with adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs). METHODS Rat urinary bladders were reconstructed with bladder acellular matrix (BAM) (n = 52) or BAM seeded with adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs) (n = 52). The process of bladder healing was analyzed at 7, 30, 90, and 180 days postoperatively using macroscopic histologic and molecular techniques. Gene expression was analyzed by microarrays and confirmed by real-time PCR. RESULTS Numerous differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the bladders augmented with BAM seeded with ASCs or BAM only. Pathway analysis of DEGs allows to discover numerous pathways among them Hedgehog, TGF-β, Jak-STAT, PI3-Akt, and Hippo modulated by ASCs during the healing process of tissue-engineered urinary bladder. Real-time PCR analysis confirmed upregulation of genes involved in the Hedgehog signaling pathway including Shh, Gli1, Smo, Bmp2, Bmp4, Wnt2, Wnt2b, Wnt4, Wnt5a, and Wnt10 in urinary bladders reconstructed with ASC-seeded grafts. CONCLUSION The study provided the unequivocal evidence that ASCs change the molecular pattern of healing in tissue-engineered urinary bladder and indicated which signaling pathways triggered by ASCs can be associated with the regenerative process. These pathways can be used as targets in the future studies on induced urinary bladder regeneration. Of particular interest is the Hedgehog signaling pathway that has been upregulated by ASCs during healing of tissue-engineered urinary bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pokrywczynska
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Chair of Urology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ludwik Rydygier Medical College in Bydgoszcz, 85-094, Marii Sklodowskiej Curie 9 Street, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Marta Rasmus
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Chair of Urology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ludwik Rydygier Medical College in Bydgoszcz, 85-094, Marii Sklodowskiej Curie 9 Street, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Jundzill
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Chair of Urology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ludwik Rydygier Medical College in Bydgoszcz, 85-094, Marii Sklodowskiej Curie 9 Street, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Daria Balcerczyk
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Chair of Urology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ludwik Rydygier Medical College in Bydgoszcz, 85-094, Marii Sklodowskiej Curie 9 Street, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jan Adamowicz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Chair of Urology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ludwik Rydygier Medical College in Bydgoszcz, 85-094, Marii Sklodowskiej Curie 9 Street, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Karolina Warda
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Chair of Urology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ludwik Rydygier Medical College in Bydgoszcz, 85-094, Marii Sklodowskiej Curie 9 Street, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Lukasz Buchholz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Chair of Urology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ludwik Rydygier Medical College in Bydgoszcz, 85-094, Marii Sklodowskiej Curie 9 Street, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Drewa
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Chair of Urology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ludwik Rydygier Medical College in Bydgoszcz, 85-094, Marii Sklodowskiej Curie 9 Street, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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10
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Newberry EP, Xie Y, Lodeiro C, Solis R, Moritz W, Kennedy S, Barron L, Onufer E, Alpini G, Zhou T, Blaner WS, Chen A, Davidson NO. Hepatocyte and stellate cell deletion of liver fatty acid binding protein reveals distinct roles in fibrogenic injury. FASEB J 2019; 33:4610-4625. [PMID: 30576225 PMCID: PMC6404585 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801976r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Liver fatty acid binding protein (L-Fabp) modulates lipid trafficking in enterocytes, hepatocytes, and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). We examined hepatocyte vs. HSC L-Fabp deletion in hepatic metabolic adaptation and fibrotic injury. Floxed L-Fabp mice were bred to different transgenic Cre mice or injected with adeno-associated virus type 8 (AAV8) Cre and fed diets to promote steatosis and fibrosis or were subjected to either bile duct ligation or CCl4 injury. Albumin-Cre-mediated L-Fabp deletion revealed recombination in hepatocytes and HSCs; these findings were confirmed with 2 other floxed alleles. Glial fibrillary acid protein-Cre and platelet-derived growth factor receptor β-Cre-mediated L-Fabp deletion demonstrated recombination only in HSCs. Mice with albumin promoter-driven Cre recombinase (Alb-Cre)-mediated or AAV8-mediated L-Fabp deletion were protected against food withdrawal-induced steatosis. Mice with Alb-Cre-mediated L-Fabp deletion were protected against high saturated fat-induced steatosis and fibrosis, phenocopying germline L-Fabp-/- mice. Mice with HSC-specific L-Fabp deletion exhibited retinyl ester depletion yet demonstrated no alterations in fibrosis. On the other hand, fibrogenic resolution after CCl4 administration was impaired in mice with Alb-Cre-mediated L-Fabp deletion. These findings suggest cell type-specific roles for L-Fabp in mitigating hepatic steatosis and in modulating fibrogenic injury and reversal.-Newberry, E. P., Xie, Y., Lodeiro, C., Solis, R., Moritz, W., Kennedy, S., Barron, L., Onufer, E., Alpini, G., Zhou, T., Blaner, W. S., Chen, A., Davidson, N. O. Hepatocyte and stellate cell deletion of liver fatty acid binding protein reveal distinct roles in fibrogenic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth P. Newberry
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yan Xie
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Carlos Lodeiro
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Roberto Solis
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - William Moritz
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Susan Kennedy
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lauren Barron
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Emily Onufer
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Department of Medical Physiology and Internal Medicine, Texas A&M University, Temple, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M University, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Department of Medical Physiology and Internal Medicine, Texas A&M University, Temple, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M University, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - William S. Blaner
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; and
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nicholas O. Davidson
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Ma L, Ma J, Ou HL. MicroRNA‑219 overexpression serves a protective role during liver fibrosis by targeting tumor growth factor β receptor 2. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:1543-1550. [PMID: 30592264 PMCID: PMC6390038 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive liver fibrosis is the primary cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and leads to considerable morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are associated with fibrotic processes in liver disorders, although the exact role of miR-219 remains unclear and the relevant mechanisms remain to be completely understood. To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to demonstrate the functional implications of miR-219 expression during liver fibrosis. The present study reported that miR-219 exhibited significantly reduced expression in serum from patients and that its expression was negatively associated with clinical stage. It was also demonstrated that miR-219 attenuated angiotensin II-induced expression of pro-fibrotic markers, including α-smooth muscle actin, atlastin GTPase 1 and collagen. Additionally, a CCl4-induced mouse liver injury model was used to demonstrate that miR-219 strongly suppressed liver fibrosis in vivo. Furthermore, the present study identified tumor growth factor β receptor 2 (TGFBR2) as a direct target gene of miR-219. In conclusion, the results of the present study revealed that miR-219 may regulate pro-fibrotic markers by directly targeting the TGFBR2 gene and the miR-219/TGFBR2 signaling pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- Department of Liver Diseases, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The People's Hospital of Fenghua District, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315500, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Liang Ou
- Department of Liver Diseases, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
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Huang H, Fu S, Liu D. Detection and Analysis of the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway-Related Long Non-Coding RNA (lncRNA) Expression Profiles in Keloid. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:9032-9044. [PMID: 30543583 PMCID: PMC6301256 DOI: 10.12659/msm.911159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway-related genes have important roles in several physiological and disease processes that involve cell proliferation. Long non-coding region RNAs (lncRNAs) have a regulatory role on gene expression. Keloid is characterized by excessive proliferation of scar tissue following trauma. The aims of this study were to evaluate the Hh signaling pathway in keloid skin tissues and its downstream gene expression and lncRNAs, compared with normal skin. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four pairs of keloids and adjacent normal skin epidermis underwent total RNA extraction. Gene chip high-throughput real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to examine the differential expression profiles of the Hh signaling pathway-related lncRNAs and mRNAs in the human keloid and normal skin. The differentially expressed mRNAs were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) to identify their biological roles. RESULTS In keloid tissue, differential expression of 33 mRNAs and 30 lncRNAs relating to the Hh pathway, were verified by gene chip qPCR. The results of GO and KEGG analysis showed that the upregulated mRNAs were involved in cell proliferation, cell growth, and tissue repair, and down-regulated mRNAs were involved in apoptosis. The lncRNA, AC073257.2, affected cell keloid growth and proliferation by its upstream target the GLI2 gene at the transcriptional level. The lncRNA, HNF1A-AS1, affected cell keloid growth and proliferation by its neighboring target gene, HNF1A. CONCLUSIONS Differential expression occurred in Hh signaling pathway-related lncRNAs and mRNAs, which may provide further insight into the development of keloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heping Huang
- Institute of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland).,Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Jingxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Shangfeng Fu
- Institute of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Dewu Liu
- Institute of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
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13
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Li W, Ma YB, Mao YQ, Lin T. Dehydrocostus lactone suppresses cell growth and induces apoptosis in recombinant human papilloma virus‑18 HaCaT cells via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7925-7930. [PMID: 29620208 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydrocostus lactone is considered to be the major cholagogic ingredient of the Costus genus of plants. It exhibits strong cholagogic effects, and also exerts antimicrobial and antineoplastic activity. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of dehydrocostus lactone on the cell growth and apoptosis of recombinant human papilloma virus (HPV)‑18 HaCaT cells. The HPV‑18 genome was transfected into HaCaT cells, which were subsequently used for analysis. The results demonstrated that dehydrocostus lactone reduced the cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of HPV‑18 HaCaT cells, as determined by MTT and N‑acetyl‑Asp‑Glu‑Val‑Asp p‑nitroanilide assays, respectively. Furthermore, caspase‑3/9 activity was determined using a caspase‑3/9 activity kit and western blotting was performed to investigate the expression of certain proteins. The results demonstrated that caspase‑3/9 activities, and the protein expression of Bcl‑2‑associated X and p53, in HPV‑18 HaCaT cells were significantly increased, while cyclin D1 protein expression was suppressed by dehydrocostus lactone. Additionally, dehydrocostus lactone significantly upregulated the protein expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog and inhibited the phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway in HPV‑18 HaCaT cells. Therefore, the results of the present study indicate that dehydrocostus lactone may suppress cell growth and induce apoptosis in recombinant HPV‑18 HaCaT cells via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and may be a represent a novel potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of condyloma acuminatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yi Bing Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Ying Qiu Mao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Tong Lin
- Department of Gynecology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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Jiang XP, Ai WB, Wan LY, Zhang YQ, Wu JF. The roles of microRNA families in hepatic fibrosis. Cell Biosci 2017; 7:34. [PMID: 28680559 PMCID: PMC5496266 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-017-0161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
When hepatocytes are damaged severely, a variety of signaling pathways will be triggered by inflammatory factors and cytokines involving in the process of hepatic fibrosis. The microRNA (miRNA) family consists of several miRNAs which have the potential for synergistic regulation of these signaling pathways. However, it is poor to understand the roles of miRNA family as a whole in hepatic fibrosis. Increasing studies have suggested several miRNA families are related with activation of hepatic stellate cells and hepatic fibrosis through cooperatively regulating certain signaling pathways. During the process of hepatic fibrosis, miR-29 family primarily induces cell apoptosis by modulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT signaling pathway and regulates extracellular matrix accumulation. miR-34 family promotes the progression of hepatic fibrosis by inducing activation of hepatic stellate cells, while miR-378 family suppresses the process in Glis dependent manner. miR-15 family mainly promotes cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. The miR-199 family and miR-200 family are responsible for extracellular matrix deposition and the release of pro-fibrotic cytokines. These miRNA family members play pro-fibrotic or anti-fibrotic roles by targeting genes collectively or respectively which involve in hepatic fibrosis related signaling pathways and hepatic stellate cell activation. Thus, good understandings of molecular mechanisms which are based on miRNA families may provide new ideas for the molecular targeted therapy of hepatic fibrosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ping Jiang
- Institute of Organ Fibrosis and Targeted Drug Delivery, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Xiling District, Yichang, 443002 China
| | - Wen-Bing Ai
- The Yiling Hospital of Yichang, 31 Donghu Road, Yi Ling District, Yichang, 443100 Hubei China
| | - Lin-Yan Wan
- Institute of Organ Fibrosis and Targeted Drug Delivery, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Xiling District, Yichang, 443002 China.,The RenMin Hospital, China Three Gorges University, 31 Huti Subdistrict, Xi Ling District, Yichang, 443000 Hubei China
| | - Yan-Qiong Zhang
- Institute of Organ Fibrosis and Targeted Drug Delivery, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Xiling District, Yichang, 443002 China
| | - Jiang-Feng Wu
- Institute of Organ Fibrosis and Targeted Drug Delivery, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Xiling District, Yichang, 443002 China
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McCommis KS, Hodges WT, Brunt EM, Nalbantoglu ILK, McDonald WG, Holley C, Fujiwara H, Schaffer JE, Colca JR, Finck BN. Targeting the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier attenuates fibrosis in a mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 2017; 65:1543-1556. [PMID: 28027586 PMCID: PMC5397348 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diseases of the liver related to metabolic syndrome have emerged as the most common and undertreated hepatic ailments. The cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the aberrant accumulation of lipid in hepatocytes, though the mechanisms whereby this leads to hepatocyte dysfunction, death, and hepatic fibrosis are still unclear. Insulin-sensitizing thiazolidinediones have shown efficacy in treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but their widespread use is constrained by dose-limiting side effects thought to be due to activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. We sought to determine whether a next-generation thiazolidinedione with markedly diminished ability to activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (MSDC-0602) would retain its efficacy for treating NASH in a rodent model. We also determined whether some or all of these beneficial effects would be mediated through an inhibitory interaction with the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2 (MPC2), which was recently identified as a mitochondrial binding site for thiazolidinediones, including MSDC-0602. We found that MSDC-0602 prevented and reversed liver fibrosis and suppressed expression of markers of stellate cell activation in livers of mice fed a diet rich in trans-fatty acids, fructose, and cholesterol. Moreover, mice with liver-specific deletion of MPC2 were protected from development of NASH on this diet. Finally, MSDC-0602 directly reduced hepatic stellate cell activation in vitro, and MSDC-0602 treatment or hepatocyte MPC2 deletion also limited stellate cell activation indirectly by affecting secretion of exosomes from hepatocytes. CONCLUSION Collectively, these data demonstrate the effectiveness of MSDC-0602 for attenuating NASH in a rodent model and suggest that targeting hepatic MPC2 may be an effective strategy for pharmacologic development. (Hepatology 2017;65:1543-1556).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle S. McCommis
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Wesley T. Hodges
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Elizabeth M. Brunt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - ILKe Nalbantoglu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | | | - Christopher Holley
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Hideji Fujiwara
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jean E. Schaffer
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jerry R. Colca
- Metabolic Solutions Development Company, Kalamazoo, MI 49007
| | - Brian N. Finck
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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16
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Hyun J, Jung Y. MicroRNAs in liver fibrosis: Focusing on the interaction with hedgehog signaling. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:6652-6662. [PMID: 27547008 PMCID: PMC4970468 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i29.6652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a repair process in response to damage in the liver; however, severe and chronic injury promotes the accumulation of fibrous matrix, destroying the normal functions and architecture of liver. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are quiescent in normal livers, but in damaged livers, they transdifferentiate into myofibroblastic HSCs, which produce extracellular matrix proteins. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling orchestrates tissue reconstruction in damaged livers and contributes to liver fibrogenesis by regulating HSC activation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous small non-coding RNAs interfering with RNA post-transcriptionally, regulate various cellular processes in healthy organisms. The dysregulation of miRNAs is closely associated with diseases, including liver diseases. Thus, miRNAs are good targets in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, including liver fibrosis; however, the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs that interact with Hh signaling in liver fibrosis remain unclear. We review growing evidence showing the association of miRNAs with Hh signaling. Recent studies suggest that Hh-regulating miRNAs induce inactivation of HSCs, leading to decreased hepatic fibrosis. Although miRNA-delivery systems and further knowledge of interacting miRNAs with Hh signaling need to be improved for the clinical usage of miRNAs, recent findings indicate that the miRNAs regulating Hh signaling are promising therapeutic agents for treating liver fibrosis.
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17
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Li M, Li H, Liu X, Xu D, Wang F. MicroRNA-29b regulates TGF-β1-mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells by targeting AKT2. Exp Cell Res 2016; 345:115-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Tetramethylpyrazine Inhibits Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells through Hedgehog Signaling Pathways In Vitro. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:603067. [PMID: 26380286 PMCID: PMC4561306 DOI: 10.1155/2015/603067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aim. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), a major alkaloid isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong, has been reported in hepatic fibrosis models. However, the action mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, effects of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) against hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation as well as the possible mechanisms were evaluated. Methods. Western blot assay was used to detect TMP effects on protein expression of Smo, Patched, Hhip, and Gli and to investigate the effects of TMP on Cyclin D1, Cyclin E1, CDK2, Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase expression with cyclopamine supplementation. Results. Our results showed that TMP significantly inhibits the expression of Cyclin D1, Cyclin E1, and Cyclin-dependent kinase CDK2 and changes the HSC cycle by inhibiting the proliferation of HSC. Moreover, TMP has also been shown to decrease the expression of Bcl-2 and increase the expression of Bax in HSC-T6 cells. Furthermore, TMP can inhibit the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and the inhibitory effect was intensified after the application of joint treatment with TMP and cyclopamine. Conclusion. TMP may be an effective Hh signaling pathway inhibitor for hepatic fibrosis treatment.
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BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation is partially inhibited by miR-30a in the mesenchymal stem cell line C3H10T1/2. J Mol Histol 2015. [PMID: 26205653 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-015-9628-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family, BMP9 is the strongest inducer of osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells. Recent studies have suggested that the miR-30 family regulates cell proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation. In the present study, we found that expression of only one miR-30 family member, miR-30a, first decreased and then increased during BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation. Cell proliferation assays revealed that miR-30a had no effect on the proliferation of C3H10T1/2 cells. However, over-expression of miR-30a led to expression of an early osteogenic marker and a reduction in Runx2 expression. In addition, we observed decreases in the expression of late osteogenic markers and osteopontin, as well as calcium deposition. Dual-luciferase reporter assays indicated that this process might be mediated by suppressing Runx2 protein expression. In vivo stem cell implantation revealed inhibition of BMP9-induced ectopic bone formation and matrix mineralization by miR-30a. This study provides a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which miR-30a negatively regulates BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation.
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Wang S, Lee JS, Hyun J, Kim J, Kim SU, Cha HJ, Jung Y. Tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 promotes liver regeneration in mice with acute liver injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:20. [PMID: 25890163 PMCID: PMC4396561 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0019-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 protein (TSG-6), one of the cytokines released by human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSC), has an anti-inflammatory effect and alleviates several pathological conditions; however, the hepatoprotective potential of TSG-6 remains unclear. We investigated whether TSG-6 promoted liver regeneration in acute liver failure. Methods The immortalized hMSC (B10) constitutively over-expressing TSG-6 or empty plasmid (NC: Negative Control) were established, and either TSG-6 or NC-conditioned medium (CM) was intraperitoneally injected into mice with acute liver damage caused by CCl4. Mice were sacrificed at 3 days post-CM treatment. Results Higher expression and the immunosuppressive activity of TSG-6 were observed in CM from TSG-6-hMSC. The obvious histomorphological liver injury and increased level of liver enzymes were shown in CCl4-treated mice with or without NC-CM, whereas those observations were markedly ameliorated in TSG-6-CM-treated mice with CCl4. Ki67-positive hepatocytic cells were accumulated in the liver of the CCl4 + TSG-6 group. RNA analysis showed the decrease in both of inflammation markers, tnfα, il-1β, cxcl1 and cxcl2, and fibrotic markers, tgf-β1, α-sma and collagen α1, in the CCl4 + TSG-6 group, compared to the CCl4 or the CCl4 + NC group. Protein analysis confirmed the lower expression of TGF-β1 and α-SMA in the CCl4 + TSG-6 than the CCl4 or the CCl4 + NC group. Immunostaining for α-SMA also revealed the accumulation of the activated hepatic stellate cells in the livers of mice in the CCl4 and CCl4 + NC groups, but not in the livers of mice from the CCl4 + TSG-6 group. The cultured LX2 cells, human hepatic stellate cell line, in TSG-6-CM showed the reduced expression of fibrotic markers, tgf-β1, vimentin and collagen α1, whereas the addition of the TSG-6 antibody neutralized the inhibitory effect of TSG-6 on the activation of LX2 cells. In addition, cytoplasmic lipid drops, the marker of inactivated hepatic stellate cell, were detected in TSG-6-CM-cultured LX2 cells, only. The suppressed TSG-6 activity by TSG-6 antibody attenuated the restoration process in livers of TSG-6-CM-treated mice with CCl4. Conclusions These results demonstrated that TSG-6 contributed to the liver regeneration by suppressing the activation of hepatic stellate cells in CCl4-treated mice, suggesting the therapeutic potential of TSG-6 for acute liver failure. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0019-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihyung Wang
- Department of Intergrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, 63-2 Pusandaehak-ro, Kumjeong-gu, Pusan, 609-735, Korea.
| | - Ji-Seon Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, Korea.
| | - Jeongeun Hyun
- Department of Intergrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, 63-2 Pusandaehak-ro, Kumjeong-gu, Pusan, 609-735, Korea.
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Intergrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, 63-2 Pusandaehak-ro, Kumjeong-gu, Pusan, 609-735, Korea.
| | - Seung U Kim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, Korea.
| | - Youngmi Jung
- Department of Intergrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, 63-2 Pusandaehak-ro, Kumjeong-gu, Pusan, 609-735, Korea. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, 63-2 Pusandaehak-ro, Kumjeong-gu, Pusan, 609-735, Korea.
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Bi YM, Xu JB, An HY. MicroRNAs and biological functions of hepatic stellate cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:3587-3591. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i24.3587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded, 18-24 nucleotide long, non-coding RNA molecules which are involved in virtually every cellular process including proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis by specifically interacting with the mRNA and regulating the expression of genes. Recently it has been found that miRNAs cooperate with transforming growth factor (TGF-β), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and other cytokines, and form complex "network" signaling pathways to influence the activation, proliferation, migration and apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), suggesting that miRNAs may regulate biological behaviors of HSCs via various signal transduction pathways, and have a great influence on the development of hepatic fibrosis. This article will review the impact of miRNAs on the biological functions of HSCs via different signal transduction pathways.
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Yang JJ, Tao H, Li J. Hedgehog signaling pathway as key player in liver fibrosis: new insights and perspectives. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:1011-21. [PMID: 24935558 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.927443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a pivotal cellular event in liver fibrosis. Therefore, improving our understanding of the molecular pathways that are involved in these processes is essential to generate new therapies for liver fibrosis. Greater knowledge of the role of the hedgehog signaling pathway in liver fibrosis could improve understanding of the liver fibrosis pathogenesis. AREAS COVERED The aim of this review is to describe the present knowledge about the hedgehog signaling pathway, which significantly participates in liver fibrosis and HSC activation, and look ahead on new perspectives of hedgehog signaling pathway research. Moreover, we will discuss the different interactions with hedgehog signaling pathway-regulated liver fibrosis. EXPERT OPINION The hedgehog pathway modulates several important aspects of function, including cell proliferation, activation and differentiation. Targeting the hedgehog pathway can be a promising direction in liver fibrosis treatment. We discuss new perspectives of hedgehog signaling pathway activation in liver fibrosis and HSC fate, including DNA methylation, methyl CpG binding protein 2, microRNA, irradiation and metabolism that influence hedgehog signaling pathway transduction. These findings identify the hedgehog pathway as a potentially important for biomarker development and therapeutic targets in liver fibrosis. Future studies are needed in order to find safer and more effective hedgehog-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Yang
- The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Department of Pharmacology , Hefei 230601 , China
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