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Liu J, Li J, Yang S, She Y, Li X, Jia Y. Phillyrin Inhibits Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy Via P38 and NF-κB Pathways. Nat Prod Commun 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221144581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy (CH) is the main compensatory response to chronic heart stress and often progresses to a decompensation state potentially leading to heart failure. Phillyrin (PHI) is a novel compound derived from Forsythia, which has shown anti-inflammatory and anti-virus activities as well as renal protective effects on diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, we investigated the effects of PHI on CH induced by isoproterenol (ISO). Cardiac hypertrophy was induced by ISO in vivo, and the H9C2 cells were treated with ISO. PHI treatment alleviated CH in isoproterenol-induced mice in 7 and 14 days. Echocardiography showed that the PHI improved ISO-induced CH heart function and structure. PHI significantly decreased heart weight/body weight (HW/BW) and heart weight/tibia length (HW/TL) ratios and improved left ventricular (LV) function in ISO-treated mice. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed cardiomyocyte areas of the ISO group were significantly increased, and PHI was significantly reduced at 7 and 14 days, PHI-100 groups showed significantly better improvements than PHI-50. Sirius red staining indicated PHI significantly decreased collagen deposition in heart cross-sections induced by ISO, and PHI repressed ISO-induced cTn-I and NT-proBNP expression in mouse serum. In vitro data from H9C2 cells showed that PHI decreased cell areas and total cell protein levels in cells induced by ISO, whereas ANP, BNP, IL-6, and IL-1β expression was significantly inhibited by PHI. Also, PHI simultaneously inhibited P65 and P38 phosphorylation in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the protective effect of PHI on CH in in vivo and in vitro, and this effect was related to the suppression of inflammation through the activation of the P38/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Liu
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, ChongQing, China
| | - Jiahang Li
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, ChongQing, China
| | - Shengqian Yang
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, ChongQing, China
| | - Yuanting She
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, ChongQing, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, ChongQing, China
| | - Yi Jia
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, ChongQing, China
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2
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Zhan S, Zheng B, Li M, Xu L, Chen C, Huang P. Ultrasound Analysis of Respiration-Related Muscles in Rats. Front Genet 2022; 13:900168. [DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.900168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound techniques in the analysis of respiratory-related muscles in rats. Respiratory parameters, including diaphragm end-expiratory thickness, mean rectus abdominis (RA) thickness, and RA area, were measured by ultrasound and compared with histological findings. Spearman’s correlation and Logistic regression analysis were used to detect the differences in the correlation between ultrasound results and histological examinations, and Student’s t test was used to compare the differences between ultrasound results and histological examination data. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the end-expiratory thickness of the diaphragm, the average thickness of RA, and the area of RA in the right RA and histological values under ultrasound detection (p > 0.05), but there was a significant positive correlation between ultrasound, and histological values (p < 0.05).); in addition, tidal volume was significantly positively correlated with total RA area, rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) was significantly negatively correlated with total RA area, and mean diaphragm TF was significantly positively correlated with tidal volume. In conclusion, ultrasound imaging has a high degree of accuracy and reproducibility and can be used to assess the structure and function of the rat diaphragm and RA.
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3
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Li H, Xia YY, Xia CL, Li Z, Shi Y, Li XB, Zhang JX. Mimicking Metabolic Disturbance in Establishing Animal Models of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Front Physiol 2022; 13:879214. [PMID: 35592030 PMCID: PMC9110887 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.879214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF), the terminal state of different heart diseases, imposed a significant health care burden worldwide. It is the last battlefield in dealing with cardiovascular diseases. HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a type of HF in which the symptoms and signs of HF are mainly ascribed to diastolic dysfunction of left ventricle, whereas systolic function is normal or near-normal. Compared to HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), the diagnosis and treatment of HFpEF have made limited progress, partly due to the lack of suitable animal models for translational studies in the past. Given metabolic disturbance and inflammatory burden contribute to HFpEF pathogenesis, recent years have witnessed emerging studies focusing on construction of animal models with HFpEF phenotype by mimicking metabolic disorders. These models prefer to recapitulate the metabolic disorders and endothelial dysfunction, leading to the more detailed understanding of the entity. In this review, we summarize the currently available animal models of HFpEF with metabolic disorders, as well as their advantages and disadvantages as tools for translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Yuan Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Lei Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Intensive Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Li
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Bo Li, ; Jun-Xia Zhang,
| | - Jun-Xia Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Bo Li, ; Jun-Xia Zhang,
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4
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Fayssoil A, Michel-Flutot P, Lofaso F, Carlier R, El Hajjam M, Vinit S, Mansart A. Analysis of inspiratory and expiratory muscles using ultrasound in rats: A reproducible and non-invasive tool to study respiratory function. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2020; 285:103596. [PMID: 33301966 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound imaging is a non-invasive technique to assess organ function. Its potential application in rodents to evaluate respiratory function remains poorly investigated. We aimed to assess and validate ultrasound technique in rats to analyze inspiratory and expiratory muscles. We measured respiratory parameters to provide normal eupneic values. Histological studies and plethysmography were used to validate the technique and assess the physiological implications. A linear relationship was observed between ultrasound and histological data for diaphragm and rectus abdominis (RA) measurement. The tidal volume was significantly correlated with the right + left RA area (r = 0.76, p < 0.001), and the rapid shallow breathing index was significantly and inversely correlated with the right + left RA area (r=-0.53, p < 0.05). In the supine position, the right and left diaphragm expiratory thickness were not associated with tidal volume obtained in the physiological position. Ultrasound imaging is highly accurate and reproducible to assess and follow up diaphragm and RA structure and function in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Fayssoil
- University of Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM U1179, END-ICAP, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France; Raymond Poincaré Hospital, APHP, Garches, France
| | - Pauline Michel-Flutot
- University of Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM U1179, END-ICAP, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Frédéric Lofaso
- University of Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM U1179, END-ICAP, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France; Raymond Poincaré Hospital, APHP, Garches, France
| | - Robert Carlier
- University of Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM U1179, END-ICAP, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France; APHP, GH Université Paris Saclay, DMU Smart Imaging, Raymond Poincaré Teaching Hospital, Garches, France
| | - Mostafa El Hajjam
- Radiology Department, Ambroise Paré Hospital, APHP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Stéphane Vinit
- University of Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM U1179, END-ICAP, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Arnaud Mansart
- University of Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM U1173, 2I, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.
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5
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Matesic LE, Freeburg LA, Snyder LB, Duncan LA, Moore A, Perreault PE, Zellars KN, Goldsmith EC, Spinale FG. The ubiquitin ligase WWP1 contributes to shifts in matrix proteolytic profiles and a myocardial aging phenotype with diastolic heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H765-H774. [PMID: 32822210 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00620.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitylation is a key event that regulates protein turnover, and induction of the ubiquitin ligase E3 WWP1 has been associated with age. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) commonly occurs as a function of age and can cause heart failure (HF) with a preserved ejection fraction (EF; HFpEF). We hypothesized that overexpression (O/E) of WWP1 in the heart would cause LVH as well as functional and structural changes consistent with the aging HFpEF phenotype. Global WWP1 O/E was achieved in mice (n = 11) and echocardiography (40 MHz) performed to measure LV mass, EF, Doppler velocities (early E, late/atrial A), myocardial relaxation (E'), and isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) at 4, 6, and 8 wk. Age-matched wild-type animals (n = 15) were included as referent controls. LV EF was identical (60 ± 1 vs. 60 ± 1%, P > 0.90) with no difference in LV mass (67 ± 3 vs. 75 ± 5, P > 0.25) at 4 wk. However, at 8 wk of age, LV mass increased over twofold, E/A fell (impaired passive filling), and E/E' was lower and IVRT prolonged (impaired LV relaxation) - all P < 0.05. Collagen percent area increased by over twofold and fibrillar collagen expression (RT-PCR) over 1.5-fold (P < 0.05) with WWP1 O/E. WWP1 with an anti-WWP1 antibody could be identified in isolated cardiac fibroblasts, with WWP1 increased over twofold in O/E fibroblasts (P < 0.05). Inducing WWP1 expression caused LVH and preserved systolic function but impaired diastolic dysfunction, consistent with the HFpEF phenotype. Targeting the WWP1 pathway may be a novel therapeutic target for this intractable form of HF associated with aging.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Heart failure (HF) with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a growing cause of HF and commonly afflicts the elderly. Milestones for HFpEF include diastolic dysfunction and an abnormal extracelluar matrix (ECM). The ubiquitin ligases, such as WWP1, change with aging and regulate critical protein turnover/stability processes, such as the ECM. The present study demonstrated that induction of WWP1 in mice induced LV hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, and ECM accumulation, consistent with the HFpEF phenotype, and thus may identify a new therapeutic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia E Matesic
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Lisa A Freeburg
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the William Jennings Bryan Dorn Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Laura B Snyder
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the William Jennings Bryan Dorn Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Lauren-Ashley Duncan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Amber Moore
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the William Jennings Bryan Dorn Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Paige E Perreault
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the William Jennings Bryan Dorn Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Kia N Zellars
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the William Jennings Bryan Dorn Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Edie C Goldsmith
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Francis G Spinale
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the William Jennings Bryan Dorn Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, South Carolina
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6
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Farré N, Otero J, Falcones B, Torres M, Jorba I, Gozal D, Almendros I, Farré R, Navajas D. Intermittent Hypoxia Mimicking Sleep Apnea Increases Passive Stiffness of Myocardial Extracellular Matrix. A Multiscale Study. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1143. [PMID: 30158879 PMCID: PMC6104184 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tissue hypoxia-reoxygenation characterizes obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a very prevalent respiratory disease associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Experimental studies indicate that intermittent hypoxia (IH) mimicking OSA induces oxidative stress and inflammation in heart tissue at the cell and molecular levels. However, it remains unclear whether IH modifies the passive stiffness of the cardiac tissue extracellular matrix (ECM). Aim: To investigate multiscale changes of stiffness induced by chronic IH in the ECM of left ventricular (LV) myocardium in a murine model of OSA. Methods: Two-month and 18-month old mice (N = 10 each) were subjected to IH (20% O2 40 s-6% O2 20 s) for 6 weeks (6 h/day). Corresponding control groups for each age were kept under normoxia. Fresh LV myocardial strips (∼7 mm × 1 mm × 1 mm) were prepared, and their ECM was obtained by decellularization. Myocardium ECM macroscale mechanics were measured by performing uniaxial stress-strain tensile tests. Strip macroscale stiffness was assessed as the stress value (σ) measured at 0.2 strain and Young's modulus (EM) computed at 0.2 strain by fitting Fung's constitutive model to the stress-strain relationship. ECM stiffness was characterized at the microscale as the Young's modulus (Em) measured in decellularized tissue slices (∼12 μm tick) by atomic force microscopy. Results: Intermittent hypoxia induced a ∼1.5-fold increase in σ (p < 0.001) and a ∼2.5-fold increase in EM (p < 0.001) of young mice as compared with normoxic controls. In contrast, no significant differences emerged in Em among IH-exposed and normoxic mice. Moreover, the mechanical effects of IH on myocardial ECM were similar in young and aged mice. Conclusion: The marked IH-induced increases in macroscale stiffness of LV myocardium ECM suggests that the ECM plays a role in the cardiac dysfunction induced by OSA. Furthermore, absence of any significant effects of IH on the microscale ECM stiffness suggests that the significant increases in macroscale stiffening are primarily mediated by 3D structural ECM remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Farré
- Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Heart Diseases Biomedical Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jorge Otero
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bryan Falcones
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Torres
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.,Sleep Lab, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Jorba
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Isaac Almendros
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Farré
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Navajas
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Baudouy D, Michiels JF, Vukolic A, Wagner KD, Wagner N. Echocardiographic and Histological Examination of Cardiac Morphology in the Mouse. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29155760 DOI: 10.3791/55843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of genetically modified mouse models has become available in recent years. Moreover, the number of pharmacological studies performed in mice is high. Phenotypic characterization of these mouse models also requires the examination of cardiac function and morphology. Echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are commonly used approaches to characterize cardiac function and morphology in mice. Echocardiographic and MRI equipment specialized for use in small rodents is expensive and requires a dedicated space. This protocol describes cardiac measurements in mice using a clinical echocardiographic system with a 15 MHz human vascular probe. Measurements are performed on anesthetized adult mice. At least three image sequences are recorded and analyzed for each animal in M-mode in the parasternal short-axis view. Afterwards, cardiac histological examination is performed, and cardiomyocyte diameters are determined on hematoxylin-eosin- or wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-stained paraffin sections. Vessel density is determined morphometrically after Pecam-1 immunostaining. The protocol has been applied successfully to pharmacological studies and different genetic animal models under baseline conditions, as well as after experimental myocardial infarction by the permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). In our experience, echocardiographic investigation is limited to anesthetized animals and is feasible in adult mice weighing at least 25 g.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Vukolic
- Institute for Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai C. Wollert
- Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Kai C. Wollert, Hans Borst Center for Heart and Stem Cell Research, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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9
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Abstract
The mouse is the mammalian model of choice for investigating cardiovascular biology, given our ability to manipulate it by genetic, pharmacologic, mechanical, and environmental means. Imaging is an important approach to phenotyping both function and structure of cardiac and vascular components. This review details commonly used imaging approaches, with a focus on echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging and brief overviews of other imaging modalities. We also briefly outline emerging imaging approaches but caution that reliability and validity data may be lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin K L Phoon
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Daniel H Turnbull
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
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10
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Santos A, Fernández-Friera L, Villalba M, López-Melgar B, España S, Mateo J, Mota RA, Jiménez-Borreguero J, Ruiz-Cabello J. Cardiovascular imaging: what have we learned from animal models? Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:227. [PMID: 26539113 PMCID: PMC4612690 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular imaging has become an indispensable tool for patient diagnosis and follow up. Probably the wide clinical applications of imaging are due to the possibility of a detailed and high quality description and quantification of cardiovascular system structure and function. Also phenomena that involve complex physiological mechanisms and biochemical pathways, such as inflammation and ischemia, can be visualized in a non-destructive way. The widespread use and evolution of imaging would not have been possible without animal studies. Animal models have allowed for instance, (i) the technical development of different imaging tools, (ii) to test hypothesis generated from human studies and finally, (iii) to evaluate the translational relevance assessment of in vitro and ex-vivo results. In this review, we will critically describe the contribution of animal models to the use of biomedical imaging in cardiovascular medicine. We will discuss the characteristics of the most frequent models used in/for imaging studies. We will cover the major findings of animal studies focused in the cardiovascular use of the repeatedly used imaging techniques in clinical practice and experimental studies. We will also describe the physiological findings and/or learning processes for imaging applications coming from models of the most common cardiovascular diseases. In these diseases, imaging research using animals has allowed the study of aspects such as: ventricular size, shape, global function, and wall thickening, local myocardial function, myocardial perfusion, metabolism and energetic assessment, infarct quantification, vascular lesion characterization, myocardial fiber structure, and myocardial calcium uptake. Finally we will discuss the limitations and future of imaging research with animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnoldo Santos
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid, Spain ; Madrid-MIT M+Visión Consortium Madrid, Spain ; Department of Anesthesia, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leticia Fernández-Friera
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Hospital Universitario HM Monteprincipe Madrid, Spain
| | - María Villalba
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz López-Melgar
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Hospital Universitario HM Monteprincipe Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel España
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid, Spain ; Madrid-MIT M+Visión Consortium Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Mateo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruben A Mota
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Charles River Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Borreguero
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Cardiac Imaging Department, Hospital de La Princesa Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ruiz-Cabello
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid, Spain ; Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain
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11
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Pesce P, Cecchetto L, Brocco S, Bolognesi M, Sodhi K, Abraham NG, Sacerdoti D. Characterization of a murine model of cardiorenal syndrome type 1 by high-resolution Doppler sonography. J Ultrasound 2015; 18:229-35. [PMID: 26261465 PMCID: PMC4529411 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-014-0129-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cardiorenal syndrome type 1 (CRS-1) is the acute kidney disfunction caused by an acute worsening of cardiac function. CRS-1 is the consequence of renal vasoconstriction secondary to renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation. No animal models of CRS-1 are described in literature. PURPOSE To characterize a murine model of CRS-1 by using a high-resolution ultrasound echo-color Doppler system (VEVO2100). MATERIALS Post-ischemic heart failure was induced by coronary artery ligation (LAD) in seven CD1 mice. Fifteen and thirty days after surgery, mice underwent cardiac and renal echo-color Doppler. Serum creatinine and plasma renin activity were measured after killing. Animals were compared to seven CD1 control mice. RESULTS Heart failure with left ventricle dilatation (end diastolic area, p < 0.05 vs. controls) and significantly reduced ejection fraction (EF; p < 0.01 vs. controls) was evident 15 days after LAD. We measured a significant renal vasoconstriction in infarcted mice characterized by increased renal pulsatility index (PI; p < 0.05 vs. controls) associated to increased creatinine and renin levels (p < 0.05 vs. controls). CONCLUSIONS The mice model of LAD is a good model of CRS-1 evaluable by Doppler sonography and characterized by renal vasoconstriction due to the activation of the renin-angiotensin system secondary to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Pesce
- />Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - L. Cecchetto
- />Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - S. Brocco
- />Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - M. Bolognesi
- />Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - K. Sodhi
- />Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755 USA
| | - N. G. Abraham
- />Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755 USA
| | - D. Sacerdoti
- />Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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12
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Murine left atrium and left atrial appendage structure and function: echocardiographic and morphologic evaluation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125541. [PMID: 25928887 PMCID: PMC4415937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of this study was to provide an echocardiographic protocol for the description of the normal murine venous reservoir (atrium, appendage and pulmonary veins) and to investigate the possibility to use this approach to discriminate changes on left atrium (LA) and left atrial appendage (LAA) in a stress-induced model such us myocardial infarction. Global left ventricular function and the venous reservoir were assessed by a Vevo2100 in 20 female C57BL/6N. LA and LAA were also studied in 10 CD-1 and 10 FVB mice, whereas modifications investigated in 15 C57BL/6N subjected to coronary artery ligation. Left ventricle function was evaluated as well as pulsed Doppler mitral valve, pulmonary vein, and LAA velocities. From 2D view monoplane LA volumes were obtained and LAA long axis measured. Macroscopic inspection with casts and immunohistochemistry were performed. Results show that compared to humans, in C57BL/6N mice left atrium was disproportionately smaller (5.2±1.4 μL) than the left ventricle (53±8 μL) and connected through a duct by a large LAA and posteriorly to three pulmonary veins. The LA volume increased 2-fold during reservoir with two distinct phases, early and late divided by a short pause. LAA long axis (4.1±0.5 mm) was almost 2 times longer than the LA. LAA flow volume together with LA volume reservoir account for about 36% of stroke volume and the rest was provided by conduit flow. Linear regressions showed that stroke volume was strongly influenced by LAA flow, LA early filling volume and left ventricle base descent. Moreover, we also report the ability to assess LA and LAA in other mice strains and discriminate size increase following myocardial infarction. In conclusion, we performed a complete characterization of murine left venous reservoir establishing an optimized protocol that can be used in both investigative and pharmacological studies requiring rapid and serial determination of cardiac structure and function.
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High-throughput phenotypic assessment of cardiac physiology in four commonly used inbred mouse strains. J Comp Physiol B 2014; 184:763-75. [PMID: 24788387 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-014-0830-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mice with genetic alterations are used in heart research as model systems of human diseases. In the last decade there was a marked increase in the recognition of genetic diversity within inbred mouse strains. Increasing numbers of inbred mouse strains and substrains and analytical variation of cardiac phenotyping methods require reproducible, high-throughput methods to standardize murine cardiovascular physiology. We describe methods for non-invasive, reliable, easy and fast to perform echocardiography and electrocardiography on awake mice. This method can be used for primary screening of the murine cardiovascular system in large-scale analysis. We provide insights into the physiological divergence of C57BL/6N, C57BL/6J, C3HeB/FeJ and 129P2/OlaHsd mouse hearts and define the expected normal values. Our report highlights that compared to the other three strains tested C57BL/6N hearts reveal features of heart failure such as hypertrophy and reduced contractile function. We found several features of the mouse ECG to be under genetic control and obtained several strain-specific differences in cardiac structure and function.
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