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Piñero-Pérez R, López-Cabrera A, Álvarez-Córdoba M, Cilleros-Holgado P, Talaverón-Rey M, Suárez-Carrillo A, Munuera-Cabeza M, Gómez-Fernández D, Reche-López D, Romero-González A, Romero-Domínguez JM, de Pablos RM, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Actin Polymerization Defects Induce Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cellular Models of Nemaline Myopathies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2023. [PMID: 38136143 PMCID: PMC10740811 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nemaline myopathy (NM) is one of the most common forms of congenital myopathy and it is identified by the presence of "nemaline bodies" (rods) in muscle fibers by histopathological examination. The most common forms of NM are caused by mutations in the Actin Alpha 1 (ACTA1) and Nebulin (NEB) genes. Clinical features include hypotonia and muscle weakness. Unfortunately, there is no curative treatment and the pathogenetic mechanisms remain unclear. In this manuscript, we examined the pathophysiological alterations in NM using dermal fibroblasts derived from patients with mutations in ACTA1 and NEB genes. Patients' fibroblasts were stained with rhodamine-phalloidin to analyze the polymerization of actin filaments by fluorescence microscopy. We found that patients' fibroblasts showed incorrect actin filament polymerization compared to control fibroblasts. Actin filament polymerization defects were associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, we identified two mitochondrial-boosting compounds, linoleic acid (LA) and L-carnitine (LCAR), that improved the formation of actin filaments in mutant fibroblasts and corrected mitochondrial bioenergetics. Our results indicate that cellular models can be useful to study the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in NM and to find new potential therapies. Furthermore, targeting mitochondrial dysfunction with LA and LCAR can revert the pathological alterations in NM cellular models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Piñero-Pérez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (R.P.-P.); (A.L.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (D.G.-F.); (D.R.-L.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.)
| | - Alejandra López-Cabrera
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (R.P.-P.); (A.L.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (D.G.-F.); (D.R.-L.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.)
| | - Mónica Álvarez-Córdoba
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (R.P.-P.); (A.L.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (D.G.-F.); (D.R.-L.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.)
| | - Paula Cilleros-Holgado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (R.P.-P.); (A.L.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (D.G.-F.); (D.R.-L.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.)
| | - Marta Talaverón-Rey
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (R.P.-P.); (A.L.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (D.G.-F.); (D.R.-L.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.)
| | - Alejandra Suárez-Carrillo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (R.P.-P.); (A.L.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (D.G.-F.); (D.R.-L.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.)
| | - Manuel Munuera-Cabeza
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (R.P.-P.); (A.L.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (D.G.-F.); (D.R.-L.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.)
| | - David Gómez-Fernández
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (R.P.-P.); (A.L.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (D.G.-F.); (D.R.-L.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.)
| | - Diana Reche-López
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (R.P.-P.); (A.L.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (D.G.-F.); (D.R.-L.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.)
| | - Ana Romero-González
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (R.P.-P.); (A.L.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (D.G.-F.); (D.R.-L.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.)
| | - José Manuel Romero-Domínguez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (R.P.-P.); (A.L.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (D.G.-F.); (D.R.-L.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.)
| | - Rocío M. de Pablos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain;
- Instituto of Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (HUVR)/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José A. Sánchez-Alcázar
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (R.P.-P.); (A.L.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (D.G.-F.); (D.R.-L.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.R.-D.)
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Qiu Z, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Qin R, Peng Y, Tang W, Xi Y, Tian G, Zhang Y. Roles of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in colorectal cancer: expression, functions, prognosis, tumorigenesis, polymorphisms and therapeutic implications. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1052672. [PMID: 36505809 PMCID: PMC9728583 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1052672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health problem and one of the major causes of cancer-related death worldwide. It is very important to understand the pathogenesis of CRC for early diagnosis, prevention strategies and identification of new therapeutic targets. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1, CD54) displays an important role in the the pathogenesis of CRC. It is a cell surface glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily and plays an essential role in cell-cell, cell-extracellular matrix interaction, cell signaling and immune process. It is also expressed by tumor cells and modulates their functions, including apoptosis, cell motility, invasion and angiogenesis. The interaction between ICAM-1 and its ligand may facilitate adhesion of tumor cells to the vascular endothelium and subsequently in the promotion of metastasis. ICAM-1 expression determines malignant potential of cancer. In this review, we will discuss the expression, function, prognosis, tumorigenesis, polymorphisms and therapeutic implications of ICAM-1 in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Qiu
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Qin
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Peng
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weifeng Tang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Xi
- Department of Geriatrics, the Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangyu Tian
- Department of Oncology, Jiangdu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Guangyu Tian, ; Yeqing Zhang,
| | - Yeqing Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Guangyu Tian, ; Yeqing Zhang,
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Decoene I, Herpelinck T, Geris L, Luyten FP, Papantoniou I. Engineering bone-forming callus organoid implants in a xenogeneic-free differentiation medium. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.892190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of tissue engineering aspires to provide clinically relevant solutions for patients through the integration of developmental engineering principles with a bottom-up manufacturing approach. However, the manufacturing of cell-based advanced therapy medicinal products is hampered by protocol complexity, lack of non-invasive critical quality controls, and dependency on animal-derived components for tissue differentiation. We investigate a serum-free, chemically defined, xeno- and lipid-free chondrogenic differentiation medium to generate bone-forming callus organoids. Our results show an increase in microtissue homogeneity during prolonged differentiation and the high quality of in vivo bone-forming organoids. The low protein content of the culture medium potentially allows for the monitoring of relevant secreted biomarkers as (critical) quality attributes. Together, we envisage that this xeno- and lipid-free chondrogenic medium is compatible with industrial scale-up and automation while facilitating the implementation of non-invasive imaging and the use of quality control parameters based on secreted biomarkers.
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AbdelAziz EY, Tadros MG, Menze ET. The effect of metformin on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer: Involvement of nitric oxide/Rho kinase pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 892:173812. [PMID: 33345855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gastric ulcer is a very common disease that represent an economic burden. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs induce ulcer in old patients and in patients with comorbidities. Indomethacin is widely used to induce gastric ulcer in animal models. Diabetic patients are highly susceptible to develop gastric ulcer. Metformin, the first line medication for the treatment of type II diabetes melilites that have many off label uses in non-diabetic patients, has been recently reported to have anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, this research was conducted to assess the possible healing effects of metformin on gastric ulcers induced by indomethacin in rats. Indomethacin (48 mg/kg) single dose increased stomach acidity, ulcer index and induced histopathological changes. Indomethacin also decreased mucin levels and increased the activity of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), Rho-associated protein kinas-1 (ROCK-1) and decreased the levels of the protective nitric oxide (NO). After the induction of ulcer, rats were treated by omeprazole (30 mg/kg) or metformin (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg). Omeprazole and metformin were found to decrease stomach acidity and ulcer index, restored the histological features and increased mucin levels. Both also decreased the levels of NF-κB, TNF-α, ROCK-1 and increased NO. Metformin exerted ulcer healing effects comparable to that of omeprazole. This can be attributed, at least partly, to its anti-inflammatory activity and increasing NO levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Y AbdelAziz
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariane G Tadros
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Esther T Menze
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Wang H, Sun X, Lu Q, Zemskov EA, Yegambaram M, Wu X, Wang T, Tang H, Black SM. The mitochondrial redistribution of eNOS is involved in lipopolysaccharide induced inflammasome activation during acute lung injury. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101878. [PMID: 33578126 PMCID: PMC7879038 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a devastating clinical syndrome with no effective therapies. Inflammasome activation has been reported to play a critical role in the initiation and progression of ALI. The molecular mechanisms involved in regulating the activation of inflammasome in ALI remains unresolved, although increases in mitochondrial derived reactive oxygen species (mito-ROS) are involved. Our previous work has shown that the mitochondrial redistribution of uncoupled eNOS impairs mitochondrial bioenergetics and increases mito-ROS generation. Thus, the focus of our study was to determine if lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammasome activation involves the mitochondrial redistribution of uncoupled eNOS. Our data show that the increase in mito-ROS involved in LPS-mediated inflammasome activation is associated with the disruption of mitochondrial bioenergetics in human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVEC) and the mitochondrial redistribution of eNOS. These effects are dependent on RhoA-ROCK signaling and are mediated via increased phosphorylation of eNOS at Threonine (T)-495. A derivative of the mitochondrial targeted Szeto-Schiller peptide (SSP) attached to the antioxidant Tiron (T-SSP), significantly attenuated LPS-mediated mito-ROS generation and inflammasome activation in HLMVEC. Further, T-SSP attenuated mitochondrial superoxide production in a mouse model of sepsis induced ALI. This in turn significantly reduced the inflammatory response and attenuated lung injury. Thus, our findings show that the mitochondrial redistribution of uncoupled eNOS is intimately involved in the activation of the inflammatory response in ALI and implicate attenuating mito-ROS as a therapeutic strategy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Department of Medicine, Division of Translational & Regenerative Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Xutong Sun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational & Regenerative Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational & Regenerative Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Evgeny A Zemskov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational & Regenerative Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Manivannan Yegambaram
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational & Regenerative Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational & Regenerative Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Haiyang Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Department of Medicine, Division of Translational & Regenerative Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational & Regenerative Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Abbaszadegan MR, Mojarrad M, Moghbeli M. Role of extra cellular proteins in gastric cancer progression and metastasis: an update. Genes Environ 2020; 42:18. [PMID: 32467737 PMCID: PMC7227337 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-020-00157-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers in the world with a high ratio of mortality. Regarding the late diagnosis, there is a high ratio of distant metastasis among GC cases. Despite the recent progresses in therapeutic modalities, there is not still an efficient therapeutic method to increase survival rate of metastatic GC cases. Main body Apart from the various intracellular signaling pathways which are involved in tumor cell migration and metastasis, the local microenvironment is also a critical regulator of tumor cell migration. Indeed, the intracellular signaling pathways also exert their final metastatic roles through regulation of extra cellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, it is required to assess the role of extra cellular components in biology of GC. Conclusion In the present review, we summarize 48 of the significant ECM components including 17 ECM modifying enzymes, seven extracellular angiogenic factors, 13 cell adhesion and cytoskeletal organizers, seven matricellular proteins and growth factors, and four proteoglycans and extra cellular glycoproteins. This review paves the way of determination of a specific extra cellular diagnostic and prognostic panel marker for the GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Majid Mojarrad
- 2Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- 2Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Wei J, Wang P, Li Y, Dou Q, Lin J, Tao W, Lin J, Fu X, Huang Z, Zhang W. Inhibition of RHO Kinase by Fasudil Attenuates Ischemic Lung Injury After Cardiac Arrest in Rats. Shock 2018; 50:706-713. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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The Ocular Hypotensive Efficacy of Topical Fasudil, a Rho-Associated Protein Kinase Inhibitor, in Patients With End-Stage Glaucoma. Am J Ther 2018; 24:e676-e680. [PMID: 26825486 DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0000000000000362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of topical administration of a selective Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, fasudil 0.5% and 1.2% in glaucomatous patients. In this interventional case series study, 4 eyes of 4 patients with unilateral end-stage primary open-angle glaucoma and no light perception vision were assigned to receive topical fasudil 0.5% (in 3 eyes) or 1.2% (in 1 eye) ophthalmic solution twice daily for 8 weeks. At weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8, intraocular pressure (IOP) and adverse events were evaluated. Baseline mean IOP was 53.5 ± 3.4 mm Hg and mean IOP reductions of the last visit were -8.25 ± 1.2 mm Hg at 2 hours and -8.75 ± 2.2 mm Hg at 4 hours. Mean IOP reductions were clinically and statistically significant with 0.5% and 1.2% fasudil and peak effects occurred 2-4 hours after application (P = 0.0002). The largest IOP reductions were produced by 1.2% fasudil (up to -12 mm Hg). Conjunctival hyperemia was found in 1 patient with 1.2% fasudil. Topical administration of fasudil in end-stage primary open-angle glaucoma patients, caused reduction in IOP and was well tolerated. ROCK inhibitors could be considered as a candidate for glaucoma therapy in future.
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Chen J, Yin W, Tu Y, Wang S, Yang X, Chen Q, Zhang X, Han Y, Pi R. L-F001, a novel multifunctional ROCK inhibitor, suppresses neuroinflammation in vitro and in vivo: Involvement of NF-κB inhibition and Nrf2 pathway activation. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 806:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Butler CT, Reynolds AL, Tosetto M, Dillon ET, Guiry PJ, Cagney G, O'Sullivan J, Kennedy BN. A Quininib Analogue and Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist Inhibits Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-independent Angiogenesis and Exerts an Additive Antiangiogenic Response with Bevacizumab. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:3552-3567. [PMID: 28035003 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.747766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess blood vessel growth contributes to the pathology of metastatic cancers and age-related retinopathies. Despite development of improved treatments, these conditions are associated with high economic costs and drug resistance. Bevacizumab (Avastin®), a monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), is used clinically to treat certain types of metastatic cancers. Unfortunately, many patients do not respond or inevitably become resistant to bevacizumab, highlighting the need for more effective antiangiogenic drugs with novel mechanisms of action. Previous studies discovered quininib, an antiangiogenic small molecule antagonist of cysteinyl leukotriene receptors 1 and 2 (CysLT1 and CysLT2). Here, we screened a series of quininib analogues and identified a more potent antiangiogenic novel chemical entity (IUPAC name (E)-2-(2-quinolin-2-yl-vinyl)-benzene-1,4-diol HCl) hereafter designated Q8. Q8 inhibits developmental angiogenesis in Tg(fli1:EGFP) zebrafish and inhibits human microvascular endothelial cell (HMEC-1) proliferation, tubule formation, and migration. Q8 elicits antiangiogenic effects in a VEGF-independent in vitro model of angiogenesis and exerts an additive antiangiogenic response with the anti-VEGF biologic bevacizumab. Cell-based receptor binding assays confirm that Q8 is a CysLT1 antagonist and is sufficient to reduce cellular levels of NF-κB and calpain-2 and secreted levels of the proangiogenic proteins intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion protein-1, and VEGF. Distinct reductions of VEGF by bevacizumab explain the additive antiangiogenic effects observed in combination with Q8. In summary, Q8 is a more effective antiangiogenic drug compared with quininib. The VEGF-independent activity coupled with the additive antiangiogenic response observed in combination with bevacizumab demonstrates that Q8 offers an alternative therapeutic strategy to combat resistance associated with conventional anti-VEGF therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare T Butler
- From the UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute and
| | - Alison L Reynolds
- From the UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute and
| | - Miriam Tosetto
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland, and
| | - Eugene T Dillon
- From the UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute and
| | - Patrick J Guiry
- UCD School of Chemistry, UCD Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Gerard Cagney
- From the UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute and
| | - Jacintha O'Sullivan
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Breandán N Kennedy
- From the UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute and
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Chunhua M, Long H, Zhu W, Liu Z, Jie R, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Betulin inhibited cigarette smoke-induced COPD in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 85:679-686. [PMID: 27899253 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of betulin (BE) on CS (cigarette smoke)-induced COPD in mice and explore its underlying mechanisms. 60 male ICR mice were randomly assigned to five groups: control group, model group, dexamethasone (2mg/kg) group, BE (20mg/kg) group and BE (40mg/kg) group. The COPD mice were induced by cigarette smoke exposure for 8 weeks. The result of H&E staining demonstrated that BE inhibited CS-induced pathological injury in lung tissue. Besides, BE could restore the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum and in lung, catalase (CAT) in serum and reduce the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and in lung. BE also inhibited the overproductions of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Furthermore, the administration of BE significantly inhibited the protein expression of ROCK/NF-κB pathway in CS-induced mice. Our findings suggested that BE might effectively ameliorate the progression of COPD via ROCK/NF-κB pathway in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Chunhua
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Municipal Hospital of T.C.M, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of T.C.M, Nanjing 210001,China
| | - Hongyan Long
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Municipal Hospital of T.C.M, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of T.C.M, Nanjing 210001,China.
| | - Weina Zhu
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Municipal Hospital of T.C.M, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of T.C.M, Nanjing 210001,China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Municipal Hospital of T.C.M, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of T.C.M, Nanjing 210001,China
| | - Ruan Jie
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Municipal Hospital of T.C.M, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of T.C.M, Nanjing 210001,China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Municipal Hospital of T.C.M, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of T.C.M, Nanjing 210001,China
| | - Yarui Wang
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Municipal Hospital of T.C.M, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of T.C.M, Nanjing 210001,China
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12
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Ma Z, Chu L, Liu H, Li J, Zhang Y, Liu W, Dai J, Yi J, Gao Y. Paeoniflorin alleviates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats: Involvement with the ROCK/NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 38:377-84. [PMID: 27351828 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF) is one of the major active ingredients of Paeonia lactiflora and has been suggested as a dietary therapy for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); however, the involved mechanism remains obscure. The present work investigates the anti-inflammatory effects of PF and explores the possible mechanisms in a rat model of NASH. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-cholesterol and high-fat (HCF) diet for 12weeks to induce the NASH model, and PF (20mg/kg/d) was orally administered to the NASH rats during the last four weeks of the study. Our results showed that PF significantly decreased serum alanine transferase (ALT) and aspartate transferase (AST) activities and also significantly decreased total levels of cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (all P<0.05). Moreover, PF ameliorated the hepatic steatosis and inflammation and inhibited CD68 and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)-1 expression (both P<0.05). PF also down-regulated the activity of Rho kinase (ROCK) and suppressed the activation of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway in liver tissue. PF has liver protective and anti-inflammatory effects in HCF diet-induced NASH rats. The possible mechanisms may be associated with inhibition of the ROCK/NF-κB signaling pathway in the NASH liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Ma
- Key Laboratory for Research on Active Ingredients in Natural Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China; Department of Immunology and Pathobiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Li Chu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Hongying Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Jieru Li
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Wentai Liu
- Department of Immunology and Pathobiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Immunology and Pathobiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Jianfeng Yi
- Key Laboratory for Research on Active Ingredients in Natural Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China.
| | - Yue Gao
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
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13
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Sanjari N, Pakravan M, Nourinia R, Esfandiari H, Hafezi-Moghadam A, Zandi S, Nakao S, Shah-Heidari MH, Jamali A, Yaseri M, Ahmadieh H. Intravitreal Injection of a Rho-Kinase Inhibitor (Fasudil) for Recent-Onset Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy. J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 56:749-53. [PMID: 26444290 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of intravitreal injection of fasudil (IVF), a Rho-kinase inhibitor, in cases of recent-onset nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). In this interventional case series, 13 eyes of 13 patients diagnosed with NAION within 14 days of onset were included. The affected eyes received a 0.025 mg/0.05 mL IVF. Functional and structural outcomes were assessed 1 and 3 months following treatment. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was the main outcome measured, with mean deviation (MD) index of the VF test and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness as secondary measures. There was a statistically significant improvement in the patients' BCVA 1 and 3 months following IVF; BCVA improved from 1.69 ± 0.55 logMAR at baseline to 0.98 ± 0.47 and 0.93 ± 0.51 logMAR at 1 and 3 months, respectively (P = .004). The change in BCVA was not significant between month 1 and month 3 (P = .22). Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness decreased from 173.5 ± 29.28 µm in the baseline evaluation to 85.8 ± 8.8 µm at 1 month, and 62.9 ± 5.97 µm at 3 months (P = .003). MD values changed from 24.60 ± 3.80 to 21.0 ± 6.10 and 20.5 ± 6.50 at 1 and 3 months, respectively (P = .007 and .005, respectively). This pilot study suggests that IVF may be an effective treatment for patients with recent-onset NAION. Larger studies are required to establish the therapeutic role of fasudil for NAION.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Sanjari
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Pakravan
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Nourinia
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Esfandiari
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hafezi-Moghadam
- Center for Excellence in Functional and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Souska Zandi
- Center for Excellence in Functional and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shintaro Nakao
- Center for Excellence in Functional and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mohamamad-Hassan Shah-Heidari
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arsia Jamali
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yaseri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Ahmadieh
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Zhao Z, Gong S, Wang S, Ma C. Effect and mechanism of evodiamine against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice by suppressing Rho/NF-кB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2015. [PMID: 26225926 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Evodiamine (EVD), a major alkaloid compound extracted from the dry unripened fruit Evodia fructus (Evodia rutaecarpa Benth., Rutaceae), has various pharmacological effects. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possible anti-ulcerogenic potential of EVD and explore the underlying mechanism against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice. Administration of EVD at the doses of 20, 40mg/kg body weight prior to the ethanol ingestion could effectively protect the stomach from ulceration. The gastric lesion was significantly ameliorated in the EVD group compared with that in the model group. Pre-treatment with EVD prevented the oxidative damage and decreased the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) content, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In addition, EVD pretreatment markedly increased the serum levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), decreased malonaldehyde (MDA) content in serum and activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in stomach tissues compared with those in the model group. In the mechanistic study, significant elevation of Rho, Rho-kinase 1 (ROCK1), ROCK2, cytosolic and nucleic NF-κBp65 expressions were observed in the gastric mucosa group, whereas EVD effectively suppressed the protein expressions of Rho, Rho-kinase 1 (ROCK1), ROCK2, cytosolic and nucleic NF-κBp65 in mice. Moreover, EVD showed protective activity on ethanol-induced GES-1 cells, while the therapeutic effects were not due to its cytotoxity. Taken together, these results strongly indicated that EVD exerted a gastro-protective effect against gastric ulceration. The underlying mechanism might be associated with the improvement of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status through Rho/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyan Zhao
- The Third Teaching Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Shilin Gong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shumin Wang
- The Third Teaching Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China; Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China.
| | - Chunhua Ma
- The Third Teaching Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China; Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China.
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15
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Fang IM, Yang CH, Yang CM. Docosahexaenoic acid reduces linoleic acid induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression via PPARγ and nuclear factor-κB pathway in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:2053-65. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I-Mo Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology; Taipei City Hospital; Zhongxiao Branch; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology; National Taiwan University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hao Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology; National Taiwan University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chung-May Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology; National Taiwan University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
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16
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Tsai SH, Huang PH, Peng YJ, Chang WC, Tsai HY, Leu HB, Chen JW, Lin SJ. Zoledronate attenuates angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm through inactivation of Rho/ROCK-dependent JNK and NF-κB pathway. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 100:501-10. [PMID: 24225494 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening disease affecting almost 10% of the population over the age of 65. Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs) have been shown to exert anti-atherogenic and anti-angiogenic effects, but the potential effects of N-BPs on AAA remain unclear. Here, we tested whether a potent N-BP, zoledronate, can attenuate the formation of Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced AAA in hyperlipidaemic mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Low-density lipoprotein receptor(-/-) (LDLR(-/-)) mice infused for 28 days with Ang II were treated with placebo and 100 μg/kg/day zoledronate. Continuous Ang II infusion in LDLR(-/-) mice exhibited a 59% incidence of AAA formation, and treatment with zoledronate decreased AAA formation (21%). Compared with the saline group, administration of zoledronate in Ang II-infused LDLR(-/-) mice attenuated the expansion of the suprarenal aorta (maximal aortic diameter), reduced elastin degradation in the media layer of the aorta, and significantly diminished vascular inflammation by reduction in vascular cell adhesion molecule expression and macrophage accumulation. Treatment with zoledronate decreased matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in aortic tissues. Zoledronate-treated mice had significant down-regulation of JNK, NF-κB, and reduced Ang II-induced Rho/ROCK activation. Zoledronate reduced monocytes adherence to human aortic endothelial cells in vitro. CONCLUSION Zoledronate-attenuated Ang II induced AAA formation by suppression of MMP-2 activity and suppressed vascular inflammation and Ang II-induced Rho/ROCK activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hung Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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Liu H, Chen X, Han Y, Li C, Chen P, Su S, Zhang Y, Pan Z. Rho kinase inhibition by fasudil suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis of rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells via JNK and p38 MAPK pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 68:267-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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18
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Dong Z, Fu S, Xu X, Yang Y, Du L, Li W, Kan S, Li Z, Zhang X, Wang L, Li J, Liu H, Qu X, Wang C. Leptin-mediated regulation of ICAM-1 is Rho/ROCK dependent and enhances gastric cancer cell migration. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:1801-10. [PMID: 24548863 PMCID: PMC3974087 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Our previous study indicates that leptin enhances gastric cancer (GC) invasion. However, the exact effect of leptin on GC metastasis and its underlying mechanism remain unclear. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), a major molecule in stabilising cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix interactions, is overexpressed and has crucial roles in tumour metastasis. Methods: Here, we investigated leptin and ICAM-1 expression in GC tissues. Furthermore, we characterised the influence of leptin on ICAM-1 expression in GC cells and elucidated the underlying mechanism. Results: Leptin and ICAM-1 were overexpressed in GC tissues, and a strong positive correlation was observed. They were also related with clinical stage or lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, leptin induced GC cell (AGS and MKN-45) migration by upregulating ICAM-1, and knockdown of ICAM-1 by small interference RNA (siRNA) blocked this process. Cell surface ICAM-1, as well as soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1), was also enhanced by leptin. Moreover, leptin increased ICAM-1 expression through Rho/ROCK pathway, which was attenuated by pharmacological inhibition of Rho (C3 transferase) or its downstream effector kinase Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) (Y-27632). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that leptin enhances GC cell migration by increasing ICAM-1 through Rho/ROCK pathway, which might provide new insight into the significance of leptin in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - S Fu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - X Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - L Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - W Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - S Kan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Z Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - L Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - H Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - X Qu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - C Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimio Satoh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
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