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Sahragard I, Yaghobi R, Mohammadi A, Afshari A, Pakfetrat M, Hossein Karimi M, Reza Pourkarim M. Impact of BK Polyomavirus NCCR variations in post kidney transplant outcomes. Gene 2024; 913:148376. [PMID: 38490510 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The human BK Polyomavirus (BKPyV) is a DNA virus that is prevalent in 80 % of the population. Infection with this virus may begin in childhood, followed by asymptomatic persistence in the urinary tract. However, in immunocompromised individuals, especially kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), heightened replication of BKPyV can lead to severe complications. The genome of this virus is divided into three parts; the early and late region, and the non-coding control region (NCCR). Mutations in the NCCR can change the archetype strain to the rearranged strain, and NCCR rearrangements play a significant in virus pathogenesis. Interestingly, diverse types of NCCR block rearrangement result in significant differences in conversion potential and host cell viability in the infected cells. A correlation has been detected between increased viral replication potential and pathogenesis in BKPyV-infected KTRs with specific NCCR rearrangements. The objective of this review study was to examine the disease-causing and clinical consequences of variations in the NCCR in BKPyV-infected KTRs such as virus-associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilnaz Sahragard
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ramin Yaghobi
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Afsoon Afshari
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Pakfetrat
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mahmoud Reza Pourkarim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Herestraat 49 BE-3000, Leuven, Belgium
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2
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Tachizaki M, Sakamoto S, Kobori Y, Asano Y, Kawaguchi S, Seya K, Tanaka H, Morita E, Imaizumi T. Interferon-stimulated gene 56 positively regulates Toll-like receptor 3-mediated CXCL10 expression in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. FEBS Open Bio 2024. [PMID: 38923445 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral infections in tubular epithelial cells lead to the production of inflammatory cytokines by innate immunity, causing tubulointerstitial nephritis. TLR3 recognizes viral infections and acts via the activation of interferon (IFN)/IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). This study investigates the role of ISG56, a representative ISG, in TLR3 signaling in cultured human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (hRPTECs). To this end, hRPTECs were stimulated by a synthetic TLR3 ligand, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly IC), recombinant human interferon-β [r(h)IFN-β] or Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection and assayed for inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression by RT-qPCR, and protein expression via western blotting or ELISA. ISG56 was expressed by poly IC or r(h)IFN-β and IFN-β knockdown reduced poly IC-induced expression of ISG56 and CXCL10. Moreover, ISG56 knockdown reduced poly IC- or r(h)IFN-β-induced expression of CXCL10 at the same time as increasing JEV growth and reducing CXCL10 expression induced by JEV infection. Overall, TLR3 signaling induced IFN-β-dependent expression of ISG56 and CXCL10. We show that ISG56 possibly plays a critical role in antiviral immunity of hRPTECs by positive regulation of IFN-β-mediated CXCL10 expression downstream of TLR3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuki Tachizaki
- Department of Vascular and Inflammatory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Sho Sakamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hirosaki University Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Japan
| | - Yuri Kobori
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Asano
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Cell Biology and Histology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shogo Kawaguchi
- Department of Vascular and Inflammatory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Seya
- Department of Vascular and Inflammatory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of School Health Science, Hirosaki University Faculty of Education, Japan
| | - Eiji Morita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hirosaki University Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Japan
| | - Tadaatsu Imaizumi
- Department of Vascular and Inflammatory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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3
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Barrett-Chan E, Wang L, Bone J, Thachil A, Vytlingam K, Blydt-Hansen T. Optimizing the approach to monitoring allograft inflammation using serial urinary CXCL10/creatinine testing in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. Pediatr Transplant 2024; 28:e14718. [PMID: 38553815 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary CXCL10/creatinine (uCXCL10/Cr) is proposed as an effective biomarker of subclinical rejection in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. This study objective was to model implementation in the clinical setting. METHODS Banked urine samples at a single center were tested for uCXCL10/Cr to validate published thresholds for rejection diagnosis (>80% specificity). The positive predictive value (PPV) for rejection diagnosis for uCXCL10/Cr-indicated biopsy was modeled with first-positive versus two-test-positive approaches, with accounting for changes associated with urinary tract infection (UTI), BK and CMV viremia, and subsequent recovery. RESULTS Seventy patients aged 10.5 ± 5.6 years at transplant (60% male) had n = 726 urine samples with n = 236 associated biopsies (no rejection = 167, borderline = 51, and Banff 1A = 18). A threshold of 12 ng/mmol was validated for Banff 1A versus no-rejection diagnosis (AUC = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.57-0.92). The first-positive test approach (n = 69) did not resolve a clinical diagnosis in 38 cases (55%), whereas the two-test approach resolved a clinical diagnosis in the majority as BK (n = 17/60, 28%), CMV (n = 4/60, 7%), UTI (n = 8/60, 13%), clinical rejection (n = 5/60, 8%), and transient elevation (n = 18, 30%). In those without a resolved clinical diagnosis, PPV from biopsy for subclinical rejection is 24% and 71% (p = .017), for first-test versus two-test models, respectively. After rejection treatment, uCXCL10/Cr level changes were all concordant with change in it-score. Sustained uCXCL10/Cr after CMV and BK viremia resolution was associated with later acute rejection. CONCLUSIONS Urinary CXCL10/Cr reliably identifies kidney allograft inflammation. These data support a two-test approach to reliably exclude other clinically identifiable sources of inflammation, for kidney biopsy indication to rule out subclinical rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Wang
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Bone
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amy Thachil
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevin Vytlingam
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tom Blydt-Hansen
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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4
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Foroudi MR, Yaghobi R, Afshari A, Roozbeh J, Miresmaeili SM, Javid A. The effect of the BK polyomavirus large T antigen on the function and maturity of the CD4 + T cell subsets in kidney transplant recipients. Transpl Immunol 2023; 80:101884. [PMID: 37422092 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) who are immunosuppressed, human BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) infection can be reactivated, resulting in BKPyV-associated nephropathy (BKPyVN). Considering that BKPyV inhibits CD4+ T cell differentiation, we investigated the effect of BKPyV large T antigen (LT-Ag) on the maturation of CD4+ T cell subsets during active BKPyV infection. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we examined the following groups: 1) five KTRs with active viral infection (BKPyV+ KTRs), 2) five KTRs without active viral infection (BKPyV-KTRs), and 3) five healthy controls. We measured the frequency of CD4+ T cells and their different subsets, such as naive T cells, central memory T cells (Tcm), and effector memory T cells (Tem). All these subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with the overlapping BKPyV LT-Ag peptide pool. In addition, CD4+ T cell subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry for the presence of CD4, CCR7, CD45RO, CD107a, and granzyme B (GB). In addition, mRNA expression of transcription factors (TFs) such as T-bet, GATA-3, STAT-3, and STAT-6 was examined. The probability of inflammation with perforin protein was examined by SYBR Green real-time PCR. RESULTS After stimulation of PBMCs, naive T cells (CD4+CCR7+CD45RO-) (p = 0.9) and CD4+ T cells which release CD107a+ (CD4+CD107a+Geranzyme B-) (p = 0.9) T cells were more abundant in BKPyV+ KTRs than in BKPyV- KTRs. In contrast, central memory T cells (CD4+CCR7+CD45RO+) (p = 0.1) and effector memory T cells (CD4+CCR7-CD45RO+) (p = 0.1) were more abundant in BKPyV- KTRs than in BKPyV+ KTRs. The mRNA expression levels of T-bet, GATA-3, STAT-3, and STAT-6 were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in BKPyV- KTRs than in BKPyV+ KTRs which may be due to a higher differentiation level of CD4+ T cells. Due to inflammation, the mRNA expression level of perforin was higher in BKPyV+ KTRs, than in BKPyV- KTRs, but the difference was not significant (p = 0.175). CONCLUSIONS The high number of naive T cells after PBMC stimulation with the LT-Ag peptide pool was observed in BKPyV+ KTRs due to the interaction of LT-Ag with T cells. This means that BKPyV by using its LT-Ag can inhibit the naive T cell differentiation to other T cell subsets like central and effector memory T cells. However, the frequency of CD4+ T cell subsets and the combination of the activities of these cells with the expression profile of the target genes in this study may be efficient in treating and diagnosing BKPyV infections in kidney recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramin Yaghobi
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Afsoon Afshari
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jamshid Roozbeh
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Amaneh Javid
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Science and Arts University, Yazd, Iran
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5
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Sahragard I, Mohammadi A, Yaghobi R, Pakfetrat M, Afshari A, Sharifi H, Ghaemi M. The relation of NCCR variations and host transcription factors gene regulation in BK polyomavirus infected kidney transplant patients. Gene 2023:147567. [PMID: 37330024 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) infection in immunocompromised patients can led to polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN) especially after kidney transplantation. The polyomavirus genome contains enhancer elements that are important transcription activators. In this study, the association between viral and host gene expression and NCCR variations was evaluated in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) with BKPyV active, and BKPyV in-active infection. METHODS AND RESULTS Blood samples were collected from selected KTRs who divided to patients with active and in-active BKPyV infection. Transcriptional control region (TCR) anatomy was compared to the genomic sequence of archetype BKPyV strain WW using nested PCR method and sequencing. The expression level of some transcription factor genes was evaluated using in-house Real-time PCR (SYBR Green) technique. Most changes were observed after TCR anatomy detection in the Q and P blocks. The expression level of VP1 and LT-Ag viral genes were significantly higher in patients with active infection compared with non-infected ones. Transcription factor genes SP1, NF1, SMAD, NFκB, P53, PEA3, ETS1, AP2, NFAT and AP1 were significantly higher in BKPyV active group in comparison in-active and control groups. The analyses revealed that viral load level and mutations frequency has significant correlation. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results, increasing of NCCR variations were associated with higher viral load of BKPyV especially in Q block. Host transcriptional factors and viral genes all had higher express level in active BKPyV patients versus no in-active ones. Detection of the relation between NCCR variation and BKPyV severity in KTRs need to be confirmed in further complicated studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilnaz Sahragard
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Department of pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ramin Yaghobi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Maryam Pakfetrat
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Afsoon Afshari
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Sharifi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehran Ghaemi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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6
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Yaghobi R, Afshari A, Roozbeh J. Host and viral
RNA
dysregulation during
BK
polyomavirus
infection in kidney transplant recipients. WIRES RNA 2022:e1769. [DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Yaghobi
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Afsoon Afshari
- Shiraz Nephro‐Urology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Jamshid Roozbeh
- Shiraz Nephro‐Urology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
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7
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Nasiri E, Kariminik A. Up-regulation of AIM2 and TLR4 and down-regulation of NLRC4 are associated with septicemia. Indian J Med Microbiol 2021; 39:334-338. [PMID: 34099337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Innate immunity receptors play key roles in recognition of bacterial associated molecular patterns. Inflammasomes and toll like receptors (TLRs) are the important innate immunity receptors. In this project transcription levels of TLR4, a TLR member, absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) and NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4 (NLRC4), as inflammasomes, in the patients suffering from septicemia. METHODS AIM2, NLRC4 and TLR4 mRNA levels were evaluated in the 40 patients suffering from septicemia and 40 healthy controls using Real-Time PCR technique. RESULTS Data analysis revealed that, although NLRC4 expression decreased, TLR4 and AIM2 levels significantly increased in the patients suffering from septicemia. Gender and infection with various bacteria did not affect expression of AIM2, NLRC4 and TLR4. CONCLUSIONS It appears that septicemia can be limited by immune responses in AIM2 and TLR4 dependent manner. The potential roles played by bacteria to down-regulation of NLRC4 need to be evaluated by further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Nasiri
- Department of Microbiology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ashraf Kariminik
- Department of Microbiology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran.
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8
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Mohammadi MH, Kariminik A. CC and CXC chemokines play key roles in the development of polyomaviruses related pathological conditions. Virol J 2021; 18:111. [PMID: 34082771 PMCID: PMC8173740 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that polyomaviruses are the microbes which can be a cause of several human pathological conditions including cancers, nephropathy, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and gynaecological disease. Although investigators proposed some mechanisms used by the viruses to induce the disorders, the roles played by chemokines in the pathogenesis of polyomaviruses infections are yet to be clarified. This review article investigated recent studies regarding the roles played by chemokines in the pathogenesis of the polyomaviruses infections. The research in the literature revealed that CXC chemokines, including CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12 and CXCL16, significantly participate in the pathogenesis of polyomaviruses. CC chemokines, such as CCL2, CCL5 and CCL20 also participate in the induction of the pathological conditions. Therefore, it appears that CXC chemokines may be considered as the strategic factors involved in the pathogenesis of polyomaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashraf Kariminik
- Department of Microbiology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran.
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9
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Blydt-Hansen TD, Sharma A, Gibson IW, Wiebe C, Sharma AP, Langlois V, Teoh CW, Rush D, Nickerson P, Wishart D, Ho J. Validity and utility of urinary CXCL10/Cr immune monitoring in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:1545-1555. [PMID: 33034126 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Individualized posttransplant immunosuppression is hampered by suboptimal monitoring strategies. To validate the utility of urinary CXCL10/Cr immune monitoring in children, we conducted a multicenter prospective observational study in children <21 years with serial and biopsy-associated urine samples (n = 97). Biopsies (n = 240) were categorized as normal (NOR), rejection (>i1t1; REJ), indeterminate (IND), BKV infection, and leukocyturia (LEU). An independent pediatric cohort of 180 urines was used for external validation. Ninety-seven patients aged 11.4 ± 5.5 years showed elevated urinary CXCL10/Cr in REJ (3.1, IQR 1.1, 16.4; P < .001) and BKV nephropathy (median = 5.6, IQR 1.3, 26.9; P < .001) vs. NOR (0.8, IQR 0.4, 1.5). The AUC for REJ vs. NOR was 0.76 (95% CI 0.66-0.86). Low (0.63) and high (4.08) CXCL10/Cr levels defined high sensitivity and specificity thresholds, respectively; validated against an independent sample set (AUC = 0.76, 95% CI 0.66-0.86). Serial urines anticipated REJ up to 4 weeks prior to biopsy and declined within 1 month following treatment. Elevated mean CXCL10/Cr was correlated with first-year eGFR decline (ρ = -0.37, P ≤ .001), particularly when persistently exceeding ≥4.08 (ratio = 0.81; P < .04). Useful thresholds for urinary CXCL10/Cr levels reproducibly define the risk of rejection, immune quiescence, and decline in allograft function for use in real-time clinical monitoring in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom D Blydt-Hansen
- Pediatric Nephrology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Atul Sharma
- Biostatistical Consulting Unit, George, Fay Yee Center for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ian W Gibson
- Pathology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Chris Wiebe
- Nephrology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Transplant/Immunology Lab, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ajay P Sharma
- Pediatric Nephrology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valerie Langlois
- Pediatric Nephrology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chia W Teoh
- Pediatric Nephrology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Rush
- Nephrology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter Nickerson
- Nephrology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Transplant/Immunology Lab, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - David Wishart
- Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,The Metabolomics Innovation Center, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Julie Ho
- Nephrology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Manitoba Centre for Proteomics & Systems Biology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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10
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Tinel C, Vermorel A, Picciotto D, Morin L, Devresse A, Sauvaget V, Lebreton X, Aouni L, Prié D, Brabant S, Avettand-Fenoel V, Scemla A, Timsit MO, Snanoudj R, Legendre C, Terzi F, Rabant M, Anglicheau D. Deciphering the Prognostic and Predictive Value of Urinary CXCL10 in Kidney Recipients With BK Virus Reactivation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:604353. [PMID: 33362789 PMCID: PMC7759001 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.604353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BK virus (BKV) replication increases urinary chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 10 (uCXCL10) levels in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Here, we investigated uCXCL10 levels across different stages of BKV replication as a prognostic and predictive marker for functional decline in KTRs after BKV-DNAemia. uCXCL10 was assessed in a cross-sectional study (474 paired urine/blood/biopsy samples and a longitudinal study (1,184 samples from 60 KTRs with BKV-DNAemia). uCXCL10 levels gradually increased with urine (P-value < 0.0001) and blood BKV viral load (P < 0.05) but were similar in the viruria and no BKV groups (P > 0.99). In viremic patients, uCXCL10 at biopsy was associated with graft functional decline [HR = 1.65, 95% CI (1.08–2.51), P = 0.02], irrespective of baseline eGFR, blood viral load, or BKVN diagnosis. uCXL10/cr (threshold: 12.86 ng/mmol) discriminated patients with a low risk of graft function decline from high-risk patients (P = 0.01). In the longitudinal study, the uCXCL10 and BKV-DNAemia trajectories were superimposable. Stratification using the same uCXCL10/cr threshold at first viremia predicted the subsequent inflammatory response, assessed by time-adjusted uCXCL10/cr AUC (P < 0.001), and graft functional decline (P = 0.03). In KTRs, uCXCL10 increases in BKV-DNAemia but not in isolated viruria. uCXCL10/cr is a prognostic biomarker of eGFR decrease, and a 12.86 ng/ml threshold predicts higher inflammatory burdens and poor renal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Tinel
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris, France.,Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Agathe Vermorel
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Daniela Picciotto
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lise Morin
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Devresse
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.,Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Virginia Sauvaget
- Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Lebreton
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laïla Aouni
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Prié
- Paris University, Paris, France.,Department of Physiology, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Séverine Brabant
- Department of Physiology, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Avettand-Fenoel
- Paris University, Paris, France.,Département of Virology, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Anne Scemla
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marc Olivier Timsit
- Paris University, Paris, France.,Department of Urology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Renaud Snanoudj
- Department of Nephrology, Hemodialysis and Kidney Transplantation, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
| | - Christophe Legendre
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris, France.,Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Fabiola Terzi
- Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris, France
| | - Marion Rabant
- Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris, France.,Paris University, Paris, France.,Pathology Department, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Dany Anglicheau
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris, France.,Paris University, Paris, France
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11
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Tinel C, Devresse A, Vermorel A, Sauvaget V, Marx D, Avettand-Fenoel V, Amrouche L, Timsit MO, Snanoudj R, Caillard S, Moulin B, Olagne J, Essig M, Gwinner W, Naesens M, Marquet P, Legendre C, Terzi F, Rabant M, Anglicheau D. Development and validation of an optimized integrative model using urinary chemokines for noninvasive diagnosis of acute allograft rejection. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:3462-3476. [PMID: 32342614 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The urinary chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 are promising noninvasive diagnostic markers of acute rejection (AR) in kidney recipients, but their levels might be confounded by urinary tract infection (UTI) and BK virus (BKV) reactivation. Multiparametric model development and validation addressed these confounding factors in a training set of 391 samples, optimizing the diagnostic performance of urinary chemokines. CXCL9/creatinine increased in UTI and BKV viremia with or without nephropathy (BKVN) (no UTI/leukocyturia/UTI: -0.10/1.61/2.09, P = .0001 and no BKV/viremia/BKVN: -0.10/1.90/2.29, P < .001) as well as CXCL10/creatinine (1.17/2.09/1.98, P < .0001 and 1.13/2.21/2.51, P < .001, respectively). An optimized 8-parameter model (recipient age, sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate, donor specific antibodies, UTI, BKV blood viral load, CXCL9, and CXCL10) diagnosed AR with high accuracy (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80-0.89) and remained highly accurate at the time of screening (AUC: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.48-1) or indication biopsies (AUC: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.81-0.90) and within the first year (AUC: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.80-0.91) or later (AUC: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.84-0.96), achieving AR diagnosis with an AUC of 0.85 and 0.92 (P < .0001) in 2 external validation cohorts. Decision curve analyses demonstrated the clinical utility of the model. Considering confounding factors rather than excluding them, we optimized a noninvasive multiparametric diagnostic model for AR of kidney allografts with unprecedented accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Tinel
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1151, Paris, France.,Centaure Foundation and Labex Transplantex, Necker Hospital, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Devresse
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.,Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Agathe Vermorel
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Virginia Sauvaget
- Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1151, Paris, France
| | - David Marx
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Véronique Avettand-Fenoel
- Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France.,Department of Virology, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lucile Amrouche
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1151, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Marc-Olivier Timsit
- Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France.,Department of Urology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Renaud Snanoudj
- Department of Nephrology, Hemodialysis and Kidney Transplantation, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
| | - Sophie Caillard
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bruno Moulin
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jérome Olagne
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie Essig
- CHU Limoges, Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Limoges, France.,U1248 INSERM, Université de Limoges, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Wilfried Gwinner
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maarten Naesens
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pierre Marquet
- U1248 INSERM, Université de Limoges, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Christophe Legendre
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1151, Paris, France.,Centaure Foundation and Labex Transplantex, Necker Hospital, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Fabiola Terzi
- Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1151, Paris, France
| | - Marion Rabant
- Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1151, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France.,Pathology Department, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Dany Anglicheau
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1151, Paris, France.,Centaure Foundation and Labex Transplantex, Necker Hospital, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
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12
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Liu Y, Zhou S, Hu J, Xu W, Liu D, Liao J, Liao G, Guo Z, Li Y, Yang S, Li S, Chen H, Guo Y, Li M, Fan L, Li L, Lin A, Zhao M. Characterization of aberrant pathways activation and immune microenviroment of BK virus associated nephropathy. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:14434-14451. [PMID: 32668411 PMCID: PMC7425495 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the context of transplantation with the use of immunosuppressive drugs, BK virus infection has become the main cause of BK virus nephropathy(BKVN) in renal transplant recipients(KTRs). More importantly, BKVN may cause further allograft dysfunction and loss. However, the role of the immune microenvironment in the pathogenesis of BKVN remains unknown. Therefore, we collected microarray data of KTRs to elucidate the immune characteristics of BKVN. Via the CIBERSORT, we found that BKVN had relatively more activated memory CD4 T cells. Immunostaining showed that CD4+ and CD8+cells were significantly different between BKVN and stable allografts(STAs). In addition, the expression of immune-related genes(antigen presentation, cytotoxicity, and inflammation) was significantly higher in BKVN than in STAs. The results of gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA) and single-sample GSEA(ssGSEA) indicated that immune cell-,cytokine-,chemokine-, and inflammation-related pathways were significantly activated in BKVN, while metabolism- and renal development-related pathways were significantly downregulated in BKVN. In addition, the immune microenvironments of the peripheral blood in patients with BK viremia(BKV) or transplant kidney biopsy(TKB) with BKVN may be different. Overall, the immune microenvironment may play important roles in the occurrence and development of BKVN and provide a theoretical basis for preventing the occurrence of BKVN and finding novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongguang Liu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Song Zhou
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianmin Hu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wentao Xu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ding Liu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Liao
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guorong Liao
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zefeng Guo
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuzhu Li
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Siqiang Yang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shichao Li
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lipei Fan
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liuyang Li
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Anqi Lin
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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13
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Weseslindtner L, Hedman L, Wang Y, Strassl R, Helanterä I, Aberle SW, Bond G, Hedman K. Longitudinal assessment of the CXCL10 blood and urine concentration in kidney transplant recipients with BK polyomavirus replication-a retrospective study. Transpl Int 2020; 33:555-566. [PMID: 31981424 PMCID: PMC7216881 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) replication may progress to polyomavirus‐associated nephropathy (PVAN). In this retrospective study, we assessed the chemokine CXCL10 in urine and blood samples consecutively acquired from 85 KTRs who displayed different stages of BKPyV replication and eventually developed PVAN. In parallel to progression toward PVAN, CXCL10 gradually increased in blood and urine, from baseline (prior to virus replication) to BKPyV DNAuria (median increase in blood: 42.15 pg/ml, P = 0.0156), from mere DNAuria to low‐ and high‐level BKPyV DNAemia (median increase: 52.60 and 87.26 pg/ml, P = 0.0010 and P = 0.0002, respectively) and peaked with histologically confirmed PVAN (median increase: 145.00 pg/ml, P < 0.0001). CXCL10 blood and urine levels significantly differed among KTRs with respect to simultaneous presence of human cytomegalovirus (P < 0.001) as well as in relation to the clinical severity of respective BKPyV DNAemia episodes (P = 0.0195). CXCL‐10 concentrations were particularly lower in KTRs in whom BKPyV DNAemia remained without clinical evidence for PVAN, as compared to individuals who displayed high decoy cell levels, decreased renal function and/or biopsy‐proven PVAN (median blood concentration: 266.97 vs. 426.42 pg/ml, P = 0.0282). In conclusion, in KTRs CXCL10 rises in parallel to BKPyV replication and correlates with the gradual development of PVAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Weseslindtner
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lea Hedman
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert Strassl
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilkka Helanterä
- Division of Nephrology, Transplantation and Liver Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephan W Aberle
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Bond
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Hedman
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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14
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Alcendor DJ. BK Polyomavirus Virus Glomerular Tropism: Implications for Virus Reactivation from Latency and Amplification during Immunosuppression. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091477. [PMID: 31533282 PMCID: PMC6780320 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BK polyomavirus (BKPyV), or BKV infection, is ubiquitous and usually non-pathogenic, with subclinical infections in 80–90% of adults worldwide. BKV infection is often associated with pathology in immunocompromised individuals. BKV infection often is associated with renal impairment, including ureteral stenosis, hemorrhagic cystitis, and nephropathy. BKV infection is less commonly associated with pneumonitis, retinitis, liver disease, and meningoencephalitis. BKV is known to replicate, establish latency, undergo reactivation, and induce clinical pathology in renal tubular epithelial cells. However, recent in vitro studies support the notion that BKV has expanded tropism-targeting glomerular parenchymal cells of the human kidney, which could impact glomerular function, enhance inflammation, and serve as viral reservoirs for reactivation from latency during immunosuppression. The implications of BKV expanded tropism in the glomerulus, and how specific host and viral factors that would contribute to glomerular inflammation, cytolysis, and renal fibrosis are related to BKV associated nephropathy (BKVAN), have not been explored. The pathogenesis of BKV in human glomerular parenchymal cells is poorly understood. In this review, I examine target cell populations for BKV infectivity in the human glomerulus. Specifically, I explore the implications of BKV expanded tropism in the glomerulus with regard viral entry, replication, and dissemination via cell types exposed to BKV trafficking in glomerulus. I also describe cellular targets shown to be permissive in vitro and in vivo for BKV infection and lytic replication, the potential role that glomerular parenchymal cells play in BKV latency and/or reactivation after immunosuppression, and the rare occurrence of BKV pathology in glomerular parenchymal cells in patients with BKVAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J Alcendor
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd., Hubbard Hospital, 5th Floor, Rm. 5025, Nashville, TN 37208, USA.
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15
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Popik W, Khatua AK, Fabre NF, Hildreth JEK, Alcendor DJ. BK Virus Replication in the Glomerular Vascular Unit: Implications for BK Virus Associated Nephropathy. Viruses 2019; 11:E583. [PMID: 31252545 PMCID: PMC6669441 DOI: 10.3390/v11070583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BK polyomavirus (BKV) reactivates from latency after immunosuppression in renal transplant patients, resulting in BKV-associated nephropathy (BKVAN). BKVAN has emerged as an important cause of graft dysfunction and graft loss among transplant patients. BKV infection in kidney transplant patients has increased over recent decades which correlates with the use of more potent immunosuppressive therapies. BKV infection of the Glomerular Vascular Unit (GVU) consisting of podocytes, mesangial cells, and glomerular endothelial cells could lead to glomerular inflammation and contribute to renal fibrosis. The effects of BKV on GVU infectivity have not been reported. METHODS We infected GVU cells with the Dunlop strain of BKV. Viral infectivity was analyzed by microscopy, immunofluorescence, Western blot analysis, and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). The expression of specific proinflammatory cytokines induced by BKV was analyzed by qRT-PCR. RESULTS BKV infection of podocytes, mesangial cells, and glomerular endothelial cells was confirmed by qRT-PCR and positive staining with antibodies to the BKV VP1 major capsid protein, or the SV40 Large T-Antigen. The increased transcriptional expression of interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (CXCL10/IP-10) and interferon beta (IFNβ) was detected in podocytes and mesangial cells at 96 h post-infection. CONCLUSIONS All cellular components of the GVU are permissive for BKV replication. Cytopathic effects induced by BKV in podocytes and glomerular endothelial cells and the expression of CXCL10 and IFNβ genes by podocytes and mesangial cells may together contribute to glomerular inflammation and cytopathology in BKVAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Popik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208-3599, USA
| | - Atanu K Khatua
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208-3599, USA
| | - Noyna F Fabre
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208-3599, USA
| | - James E K Hildreth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208-3599, USA
| | - Donald J Alcendor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208-3599, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meharry Medical College, School of Medicine, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208-3599, USA.
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16
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Zareei N, Miri HR, Karimi MH, Afshari A, Geramizadeh B, Roozbeh J, Yaghobi R. Increasing of the interferon-γ gene expression during polyomavirus BK infection in kidney transplant patients. Microb Pathog 2019; 129:187-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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17
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An P, Sáenz Robles MT, Duray AM, Cantalupo PG, Pipas JM. Human polyomavirus BKV infection of endothelial cells results in interferon pathway induction and persistence. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007505. [PMID: 30620752 PMCID: PMC6338385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyomavirus BKV is highly prevalent among humans. The virus establishes an asymptomatic persistent infection in the urinary system in healthy people, but uncontrolled productive infection of the virus in immunocompromised patients can lead to serious diseases. In spite of its high prevalence, our knowledge regarding key aspects of BKV polyomavirus infection remains incomplete. To determine tissue and cell type tropism of the virus, primary human epithelial cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts isolated from the respiratory and urinary systems were tested. Results from this study demonstrated that all 9 different types of human cells were infectable by BKV polyomavirus but showed differential cellular responses. In microvascular endothelial cells from the lung and the bladder, BKV persistent infection led to prolonged viral protein expression, low yield of infectious progeny and delayed cell death, in contrast with infection in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells, a widely used cell culture model for studying productive infection of this virus. Transcriptomic profiling revealed the activation of interferon signaling and induction of multiple interferon stimulated genes in infected microvascular endothelial cells. Further investigation demonstrated production of IFNβ and secretion of chemokine CXCL10 by infected endothelial cells. Activation of IRF3 and STAT1 in infected endothelial cells was also confirmed. In contrast, renal proximal tubular epithelial cells failed to mount an interferon response and underwent progressive cell death. These results demonstrated that microvascular endothelial cells are able to activate interferon signaling in response to polyomavirus BKV infection. This raises the possibility that endothelial cells might provide initial immune defense against BKV infection. Our results shed light on the persistence of and immunity against infection by BKV polyomavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping An
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Maria Teresa Sáenz Robles
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alexis M. Duray
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Paul G. Cantalupo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James M. Pipas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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RIG-1 and MDA5 are the important intracellular sensors against bacteria in septicemia suffering patients. J Appl Biomed 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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19
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Identification of potential key protein interaction networks of BK virus nephropathy in patients receiving kidney transplantation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5017. [PMID: 29567951 PMCID: PMC5864740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23492-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We aim to identify the key protein interaction networks and implicated pathways of BK virus nephropathy (BKVN) via bioinformatic methods. The microarray data GSE75693 of 30 patients with stable kidney transplantation and 15 with BKVN were downloaded and analyzed by using the limma package to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then the gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were done to investigate the molecular function (MF), biological process (BP), cellular components (CC) and pathways of DEGs. Finally, protein-protein interactions (PPIs) were constructed, and the hub proteins were identified. As a result, 249 up-regulated genes and 253 down-regulated genes of BKVN patients were selected based on criteria of P > 0.01 and fold change >2.0. GO and KEGG showed that DEGs were mainly located in nucleus and cytosol, and were implicated in the immune responses. In the PPI analysis, 26 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated proteins composed the pivotal interaction network. CXCL10, EGF and STAT1 were identified as hub proteins in BKVN. In conclusion, CXCL10, EGF and STAT1 may induce kidney injuries by promoting inflammation and prohibiting reparation of tissue damage in BKVN.
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20
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Yoshimatsu G, Shahbazov R, Saracino G, Lawrence MC, Kim PT, Onaca N, Beecherl EE, Naziruddin B, Levy MF. The impact of allogenic blood transfusion on the outcomes of total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation. Am J Surg 2017; 214:849-855. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Ahmadishoar S, Kariminik A. Toll-like receptor 2 and its roles in immune responses against Legionella pneumophila. Life Sci 2017; 188:158-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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22
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Kariminik A, Kheirkhah B. Tumor growth factor-β is an important factor for immunosuppression and tumorgenesis in Polyoma BK virus infection; a systematic review article. Cytokine 2017; 95:64-69. [PMID: 28237875 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyoma BK virus (PBK) is a prevalent human specific virus and the cause of several malignancies in human. The main mechanisms used by PBK to induce/stimulate human cancers are yet to be clarified but it has been proposed that PBK may use several mechanisms to induce/stimulate cancers in human including attenuation of immune responses via up-regulation of immunosuppressor molecules. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a key multifunctional factor from modulation of immunosurveillance to angiogenesis. The key roles of TGF-β in the progression of Th17 and T regulatory subsets, the most important immune cells involved in development of cancers, have been demonstrated. Thus, this review article aims to describe the mechanisms used by PBK in induction/stimulation of human cancers in TGF-β dependent manner..
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Kariminik
- Department of Microbiology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Babak Kheirkhah
- Department of Microbiology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
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23
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Kariminik A. IL-2 and polyoma BK virus infection; A systematic review article. Cytokine 2016; 88:276-280. [PMID: 27718431 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that IL-2 plays a dual role in induction/suppression of immune responses via activation of conventional and regulatory T lymphocytes, respectively. IL-2 contacts complete IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) which contains CD25 (α chain) on the antigen specific activated T helper and cytotoxic lymphocytes and also T regulatory cells. Additionally, previous investigations revealed that polyoma BK virus (PBK) reactivation and induction of PBK associated nephropathy (PBKAN) is a main complication following renal transplantation. Based on the important dual roles played by IL-2 in the immune responses, it may be hypothesized that IL-2/IL-2R interaction could be considered a potential mechanism against/toward PBK reactivation and also PBKAN. Accordingly, the aim of the current review article is to determine the roles of IL-2 IL-2/IL-2R interaction in PBK reactivation and PBKAN complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Kariminik
- Department of Microbiology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran.
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