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Luo J, Chen D, Mei Y, Li H, Qin B, Lin X, Chan TF, Lai KP, Kong D. Comparative transcriptome findings reveal the neuroinflammatory network and potential biomarkers to early detection of ischemic stroke. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:50. [PMID: 37533068 PMCID: PMC10398984 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00362-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ischemic stroke accounts for 70-80% of all stroke cases, leading to over two million people dying every year. Poor diagnosis and late detection are the major causes of the high death and disability rate. METHODS In the present study, we used the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model and applied comparative transcriptomic analysis, followed by a systematic advanced bioinformatic analysis, including gene ontology enrichment analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). We aimed to identify novel biomarkers for the early detection of ischemic stroke. In addition, we aimed to delineate the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of ischemic stroke, in which we hoped to identify novel therapeutic targets for treating ischemic stroke. RESULTS In the comparative transcriptomic analysis, we identified 2657 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the brain tissue of the MCAO model. The gene enrichment analysis highlighted the importance of these DEGs in oxygen regulation, neural functions, and inflammatory and immune responses. We identified the elevation of angiopoietin-2 and leptin receptor as potential novel biomarkers for early detection of ischemic stroke. Furthermore, the result of IPA suggested targeting the inflammasome pathway, integrin-linked kinase signaling pathway, and Th1 signaling pathway for treating ischemic stroke. CONCLUSION The results of the present study provide novel insight into the biomarkers and therapeutic targets as potential treatments of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefeng Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No 166 Dadaxuedong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dingzhi Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No 166 Dadaxuedong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujia Mei
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No 166 Dadaxuedong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, People's Republic of China
| | - Hepeng Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No 166 Dadaxuedong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, People's Republic of China
| | - Biyun Qin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No 166 Dadaxuedong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Ting Fung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Keng Po Lai
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No 166 Dadaxuedong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, P. R. China.
| | - Deyan Kong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No 166 Dadaxuedong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, People's Republic of China.
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Liu M, Fan M, Xu H, Liu B, Wang X, Wen F, Ji F, Ding T. A combination of Sophora flavescens alkaloids and Panax quinquefolium saponins attenuates coxsackievirus B3‑induced acute myocarditis in mice via NF‑κB signaling. Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:292. [PMID: 37206567 PMCID: PMC10189612 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Timely treatment of viral myocarditis (VMC), a form of cardiac inflammation caused by viral infections, can reduce the occurrence of dilated cardiomyopathy and sudden death. Our previous study demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of KX, a combination of Sophora flavescens alkaloids and Panax quinquefolium saponins, on an autoimmune myocarditis model in vivo. The present study explored the effects of KX on coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced acute VMC in mice. Mice were randomly divided into four groups: Control, VMC, KX-high (275 mg/kg) and KX-low (138 mg/kg). Mice in the VMC, KX-high and KX-low groups received injections of CVB3 to establish the VMC model, and those in the KX-high and KX-low groups also received KX by gavage (10 ml/kg) 2 h after virus injection until euthanasia was performed on day 7 or 21. Mice in the control group received an equal KX volume of purified water. The levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), cardiac troponin I (cTn-I), IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in mouse serum was measured using ELISA. Myocardial tissue structure and degree of injury were observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR were performed to detect the expression levels of NF-κB pathway-related mRNA and protein in myocardial tissue. The results showed that the inflammation and myocardial damage levels of the mice in the VMC group were higher at 7 days than those at 21 days. At both 7 and 21 days, KX decreased the serum CK-MB, LDH, cTn-I, IL-6, TNF-α and hs-CRP levels, and inhibited NF-κB pathway-related mRNA and protein expression in the myocardium of mice. These findings indicated that KX may reduce the inflammatory response and attenuate the pathological damage in the acute and subacute phases of CVB3-induced VMC through the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghui Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Jilin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Meiling Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Huibo Xu
- Pharmacodynamic and Toxicological Evaluation Center, Jilin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- Pharmacodynamic and Toxicological Evaluation Center, Jilin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Pharmacodynamic and Toxicological Evaluation Center, Jilin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Fuchun Wen
- Pharmacodynamic and Toxicological Evaluation Center, Jilin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Fenglan Ji
- Pharmacodynamic and Toxicological Evaluation Center, Jilin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Tao Ding
- Pharmacodynamic and Toxicological Evaluation Center, Jilin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Tao Ding, Pharmacodynamic and Toxicological Evaluation Center, Jilin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 155 Chuangju Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
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Yip F, Lai B, Yang D. Role of Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Immune Responses in the Transition from Myocarditis to Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097717. [PMID: 37175422 PMCID: PMC10178405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a cardiac disease marked by the stretching and thinning of the heart muscle and impaired left ventricular contractile function. While most patients do not develop significant cardiac diseases from myocarditis, disparate immune responses can affect pathological outcomes, including DCM progression. These altered immune responses, which may be caused by genetic variance, can prolong cytotoxicity, induce direct cleavage of host protein, or encourage atypical wound healing responses that result in tissue scarring and impaired mechanical and electrical heart function. However, it is unclear which alterations within host immune profiles are crucial to dictating the outcomes of myocarditis. Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is a well-studied virus that has been identified as a causal agent of myocarditis in various models, along with other viruses such as adenovirus, parvovirus B19, and SARS-CoV-2. This paper takes CVB3 as a pathogenic example to review the recent advances in understanding virus-induced immune responses and differential gene expression that regulates iron, lipid, and glucose metabolic remodeling, the severity of cardiac tissue damage, and the development of DCM and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fione Yip
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
- The Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Brian Lai
- The Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Decheng Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
- The Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
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Liu M, Lin Y, Xu H, Li L, Ding T. Combination of Sophora flavescens alkaloids and Panax quinquefolium saponins modulates different stages of experimental autoimmune myocarditis via the NF‑κB and TGF‑β1 pathways. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:570. [PMID: 36034755 PMCID: PMC9400131 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cardiac inflammation and fibrosis can progress into severe forms of cardiomyopathy. Sophora flavescens alkaloids (KuShen) have been previously reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects, whereas Panax quinquefolium saponins (XiYangShen) has been shown to alleviate cardiac fibrosis. Therefore, the potential effects of their combination (KX) on different stages of autoimmune myocarditis were investigated in the present study. Mice were randomly divided into the following four groups: Control; experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM); KX-High (275 mg/kg); and KX-Low (138 mg/kg). A 21-day and a 60-day EAM model was established through multi-site subcutaneous injections of cardiac myosin mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant on days 0, 7, 21 and 42. Mice in the High and Low KX groups were treated by gavage (10 ml/kg) daily from day 0 (1 day before treatment) until sacrifice (day 21 or 60). Mice in the control and EAM groups received an equivalent volume of distilled water. The levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), cardiac troponin I (cTn-I), IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β1, collagen type I (Col Ⅰ) and collagen type III (Col Ⅲ) were measured by ELISA in the mouse myocardial tissues or serum. Myocardial tissue structure and extent of fibrosis were visualized using H&E and Masson's staining. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to measure the expression levels NF-κB and TGF-β1 pathway proteins in the myocardial tissues. The degree of inflammation in the 21-day EAM model was found to be significantly higher compared with that in the 60-day EAM model. KX significantly reduced the inflammatory response at 21 days by decreasing the expression levels of CK-MB, LDH, cTn-I, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β-activated kinase 1-binding protein 1/NF-κB pathway proteins. Myocardial fibrosis in the 60-day EAM model was also significantly worse compared with that in the 21-day EAM model. However, fibrosis was significantly delayed by treatment with KX. In addition, KX significantly decreased the expression levels of TGF-β1, Smad2, Smad4, Col I and Col III. Therefore, these data suggest that KX is beneficial for treating myocarditis by targeting multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghui Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Yue Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Huibo Xu
- Pharmacodynamic and Toxicological Evaluation Center, Jilin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Lixin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Jilin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Tao Ding
- Pharmacodynamic and Toxicological Evaluation Center, Jilin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
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Deak P, Knight HR, Esser-Kahn A. Robust tolerogenic dendritic cells via push/pull pairing of toll-like-receptor agonists and immunomodulators reduces EAE. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121571. [PMID: 35597168 PMCID: PMC10152544 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A failure of central immune tolerance driven by autoantigen specific T regulatory (Treg) cells is a major cause of many autoimmune diseases. Restoration of proper autoantigen Treg specific response holds promise as a highly effective, long-term therapy for a wide variety of autoimmune diseases. Generating autoantigen specific Tregs remains a challenge due to the non-specific nature of most tolerizing agents and the complexities of generating Tregs in vivo. Here we show a new push/pull method for inducing antigen-specific Treg tolerance via induction of tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs). We identified a combination of three tolerogenic drugs, dexamethasone, simvastatin and SC-514, which when used in combination with toll-like-receptor (TLR) agonists induces an active tolDC phenotype. When the tolerogenic combination was packaged into a liposome with a model antigen such as ovalbumin (OVA), these tolDCs induce differentiation of OVA specific Tregs both ex vivo and in vivo. We examined the tolerizing potential of the combination in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) disease model. Given the antigen specificity of this technique, this paper presents an attractive preclinical autoimmune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Deak
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States.
| | - Hannah Riley Knight
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States.
| | - Aaron Esser-Kahn
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States.
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Han D, Song N, Wang W, Chen T, Miao Z. Subacute cadmium exposure modulates Th1 polarization to trigger ER stress-induced porcine hepatocyte apoptosis via regulation of miR-369-TNFα axis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:16576-16587. [PMID: 34648162 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16883-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), as a common environmental pollutant, has been reported to cause T lymphocyte dysfunction and cell apoptosis in multiple organs. However, whether subacute Cd exposure can induce apoptosis of hepatocytes and the relationship with Th1/Th2 imbalance were still unclear. In this study, ten 6-week-old piglets were selected and randomly assigned into two groups, the control group and the Cd group. The control group was fed with the standard diet, and for the Cd group, the standard diet was supplemented with 20 mg/kg CdCl2; liver tissue was collected on the 40th day of the experiment. Immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and western blot were performed to detect the expression of miR-369, Th1/Th2 biomarkers, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related genes, and apoptotic genes. TUNEL assay was applied to stain apoptotic hepatocytes. In the Cd group, the apoptosis of hepatocytes was significantly increased, and associated with the declined expression of miR-369, Th1 polarization, the elevated expression of ER stress pathway genes and their downstream pro-apoptosis genes, and downregulated expression of anti-apoptotic genes. These results manifest that subacute Cd exposure mediates Th1 polarization to promote ER stress-induced porcine hepatocyte apoptosis via regulating miR-369-TNFα. These results not only provide a basis for the enrichment of Cd toxicology but also support a theoretical foundation for the prevention and therapy of Cd poisoning. Schematic diagram illustrating the proposed mechanism of subacute cadmium exposure modulates Th1 polarization to trigger ER stress-induced porcine hepatocyte apoptosis via regulation of miR-369-TNFα axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Nuan Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiying Miao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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Liu J, Liu S, Pan W, Li Y. Wogonoside attenuates the articular cartilage injury and the infiltration of Th1/Th2-type cytokines in papain-induced osteoarthritis in rat model via inhibiting the NF-κB and ERK1/2 activation. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:343-352. [PMID: 33881378 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1913503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTS Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease and a major cause of functional limitation and pain in adults. This study aims to investigate the effect of wogonoside (WOG) on the progression of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in model rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats KOA models were established and treated with different doses of WOG (10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg). The degree of cartilage injury was detected by Mankin scores via HE/Alcian blue staining. The levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 in peripheral blood and synovial fluid and the Th1/Th2 ratio were detected by flow cytometry. The model mice were injected with NF-κB p65 or ERK1/2 inhibitors or activators to further investigate the effect of WOG on KOA. RESULTS WOG significantly improved cartilage tissue damage and reduced the Mankins score. WOG down-regulated the level of IFN-γ while up-regulated the expression of IL-4, which maintained the balance of Th1/Th2 cells. Further studies showed that the expression of NF-κB p65, phosphorylated p65, cytoplasmic ERK1/2 and nuclear ERK1/2 were all inhibited by WOG. The results of reverse verification experiments showed that the activator of NF-κB p65 and ERK1/2 weakened the protective effect of WOG on KOA, and the inhibitor of NF-κB p65ERK1/2 enhanced the protective effect of WOG on KOA. CONCLUSIONS WOG inhibited the activation of NF-κB and ERK1/2 to alleviate the articular cartilage injury and Th1/th2 cytokine infiltration in KOA rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Huai'an NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Huai'an NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Wenyou Pan
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Huai'an NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Huai'an NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
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Martin BR. Treatment of Psoriatic Arthritis With Acupuncture, Turmeric ( Curcuma longa), Sarsaparilla ( Smilax officinalis) and Vitamin D: A Case Report. J Chiropr Med 2020; 19:194-200. [PMID: 33362443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcm.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this case report is to analyze the treatment of a patient with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) using natural medicine. Clinical Features A 73-year-old woman complained of PsA in her second and third digits with gradual onset over a 6-month period. PsA was manifesting as dactylitis with moderate to severe stiffness and edema in her proximal and distal interphalangeal joints and the surrounding soft tissue. A radiographic image revealed narrowing of the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints, mild erosion, and periosteal thickening. Intervention and Outcome Traditional Chinese Medicine-style acupuncture was combined with 500 mg of turmeric curcumin (Curcuma longa root extract) with 3 mg of black pepper extract (Piper nigrum) that was standardized to contain 95% curcuminoids, 425 mg of sarsaparilla root (Smilax officinalis) powdered capsules that were not standardized and 10,000 IU vitamin D3 as cholecalciferol oil capsules once a day. She received 2 acupuncture treatments in combination with the supplements. She experienced an increased range of motion and a reduction in edema and stiffness. She continued to experience a reduction in symptomatology while supplementing with turmeric curcumin, sarsaparilla root, and vitamin D3, which might have helped to control her symptoms. Supplementation with these agents may have helped to maintain the swelling and stiffness at a tolerable level for the past year. Conclusion The natural modalities administered to the patient might have been able to reduce her symptoms of PsA and maintain them at a tolerable level. Acupuncture, turmeric, sarsaparilla root, and vitamin D3 could be viable natural alternatives for the treatment of PsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett R Martin
- Basic Science Department, National University of Health Sciences, Pinellas Park, Florida
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Hang W, Chen C, Seubert JM, Wang DW. Fulminant myocarditis: a comprehensive review from etiology to treatments and outcomes. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:287. [PMID: 33303763 PMCID: PMC7730152 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00360-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fulminant myocarditis (FM) is characterized by a rapid progressive decline in cardiac function and a high mortality rate. Since the first report of FM patients in the 1980s, several clinical trials and research studies have been published increasing our knowledge regarding FM. Currently, the diagnosis of FM depends on various techniques including electrocardiography, echocardiography, endomyocardial biopsy, and cardiac magnetic resonance. The development of mechanical circulation support (MCS) devices and progress in our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying FM, treatment regimens have evolved from simple symptomatic treatment to a life support-based comprehensive treatment approach. The core mechanism underlying the development of FM is the occurrence of an inflammatory cytokine storm. This review provides a comprehensive account of the current understanding of FM pathophysiology and knowledge regarding its etiology, pathophysiology, treatments, and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Hang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - John M Seubert
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Gao Y, Sun W, Cha X, Wang H. 'Psoriasis 1' reduces T‑lymphocyte‑mediated inflammation in patients with psoriasis by inhibiting vitamin D receptor‑mediated STAT4 inactivation. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:1538-1550. [PMID: 32945358 PMCID: PMC7447312 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an immune-mediated dermatosis characterized by T-lymphocyte-mediated epidermal hyperplasia, for which there are currently no effective clinical treatments. 'Psoriasis 1' is a Chinese herbal medicine formulation that has been recently used extensively in China for treating patients with psoriasis. However, the molecular mechanism of action of this potent formulation has not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study, the effects of 'Psoriasis 1' on T ymphocytes in patients with psoriasis were investigated and the underlying molecular mechanism was discussed. Blood samples were collected from 40 patients with psoriasis. ELISA was employed to assess the levels of tumour necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, transforming growth factor-β, IL-4, IL-12, IL-23 and vitamin D (VD). Western blot and quantitative PCR analyses were used to investigate the expression levels of VD receptor (VDR) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)4 in T lymphocytes. 'Psoriasis 1' was observed to significantly increase CD4+ T cells. It also notably upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of VDR, and downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of STAT4. Moreover, the suppression of VDR was found to aggravate the inflammatory response, which was reversed by 'Psoriasis 1.' Thus, this formulation reportedly decreased the inflammation mediated by T lymphocytes in patients with psoriasis through inhibiting VDR-mediated STAT4 inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Division of Rheumatology, Guang An Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Wen Sun
- Department of Dermatology, The First People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, P.R. China
| | - Xushan Cha
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Division of Rheumatology, Guang An Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
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11
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Wang JM, Xu WD, Huang AF. Association of STAT4 Gene Rs7574865, Rs10168266 Polymorphisms and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Susceptibility: A Meta-analysis. Immunol Invest 2020; 50:282-294. [DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1752712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Min Wang
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Wang-Dong Xu
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - an-Fang Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
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12
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Wang J, Han B. Dysregulated CD4+ T Cells and microRNAs in Myocarditis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:539. [PMID: 32269577 PMCID: PMC7109299 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis is a polymorphic disease complicated with indeterminate etiology and pathogenesis, and represents one of the most challenging clinical problems lacking specific diagnosis and effective therapy. It is caused by a complex interplay of environmental and genetic factors, and causal links between dysregulated microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) and myocarditis have also been supported by recent epigenetic researches. Both dysregulated CD4+ T cells and miRNAs play critical roles in the pathogenesis of myocarditis, and the classic triphasic model of its pathogenesis consists of the acute infectious, subacute immune, and recovery/chronic myopathic phase. CD4+ T cells are key pathogenic factors underlying the development and progression of myocarditis, and the effector and regulatory subsets, respectively, promote and inhibit autoimmune responses. Furthermore, the reciprocal interplay of these subsets influences the pathogenesis as well. Dysregulated miRNAs along with their mRNA and protein targets have been identified in heart biopsies (intracellular miRNAs) and body fluids (circulating miRNAs) during myocarditis. These miRNAs show phase-dependent changes, and correlate with viral infection, immune status, fibrosis, destruction of cardiomyocytes, arrhythmias, cardiac functions, and outcomes. Thus, miRNAs are promising diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in myocarditis. In this review, we review myocarditis with an emphasis on its pathogenesis, and present a summary of current knowledge of dysregulated CD4+ T cells and miRNAs in myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Lai N, Wu D, Liang T, Pan P, Yuan G, Li X, Li H, Shen H, Wang Z, Chen G. Systemic exosomal miR-193b-3p delivery attenuates neuroinflammation in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:74. [PMID: 32098619 PMCID: PMC7041199 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01745-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation is a potential crucial factor in the pathogenesis of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of diverse aspects of neuronal dysfunction. The therapeutic potential of miRNAs has been demonstrated in several CNS disorders and is thought to involve modulation of neuroinflammation. Here, we found that peripherally injected modified exosomes (Exos) delivered miRNAs to the brains of mice with SAH and that the potential mechanism was regulated by regulation of neuroinflammation. Methods Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and qRT-PCR were used to define the global miRNA profile of plasma exosomes in aSAH patients and healthy controls. We peripherally injected RVG/Exos/miR-193b-3p to achieve delivery of miR-193b-3p to the brain of mice with SAH. The effects of miR-193b-3p on SAH were assayed using a neurological score, brain water content, blood-brain barrier (BBB) injury, and Fluoro-Jade C (FJC) staining. Western blotting analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and qRT-PCR were used to measure various proteins and mRNA levels. Results NGS and qRT-PCR revealed that four circulating exosomal miRNAs were differentially expressed. RVG/Exos exhibited improved targeting to the brains of SAH mice. MiR-193b-3p suppressed the expression and activity of HDAC3, upregulating the acetylation of NF-κB p65. Finally, miR-193b-3p treatment mitigated the neurological behavioral impairment, brain edema, BBB injury, and neurodegeneration induced by SAH, and reduced inflammatory cytokine expression in the brains of mice after SAH. Conclusions Exos/miR-193b-3p treatment attenuated the inflammatory response by acetylation of the NF-κB p65 via suppressed expression and activity of HDAC3. These effects alleviated neurobehavioral impairments and neuroinflammation following SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niansheng Lai
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 2 West Zheshan Road, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China.,Non-coding RNA Research Center of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Degang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 2 West Zheshan Road, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China.,Non-coding RNA Research Center of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Tianyu Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Pengjie Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guiqiang Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Wang Z, Zhuo F, Chu P, Yang X, Zhao G. Germacrone alleviates collagen-induced arthritis via regulating Th1/Th2 balance and NF-κB activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 518:560-564. [PMID: 31451221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease. The imbalance of T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 immune responses contributes to the pathogenesis of this disease. Germacrone is a major bioactive component isolated from Rhizoma Curcuma with multiple bioactivities including anti-inflammation. However, the role and mechanism of germacrone in RA are still unknown. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model was established in male DBA/1 J mice by two immunizations with chicken collagen II. Germacrone was orally administered once per day starting on the day of second immunization for 3 weeks. Arthritis scoring was evaluated every 3 days after second immunization. H&E staining was used for histopathological examination. Levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4 in serum and synovial tissues of mice were detected by ELISA. Th1 and Th2 cell percentage in mouse spleens was analyzed by flow cytometry. IκB and phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 (p-p65) expression in mouse synovial tissues was assayed by Western blot. We found germacrone treatment significantly reduced arthritis score and inflammation in CIA mice. Levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ were elevated, and IL-4 reduced, in the serum and synovial tissues of CIA mice. Germacrone partially reversed levels of these cytokines. Moreover, germacrone decreased the ratio of Th1 to Th2 cells in mouse spleens. Additionally, germacrone remarkably enhanced IκB expression, but suppressed p-p65 level in CIA mice. Taken together, these results suggest that germacrone alleviated the progression of arthritis that might be related to the regulation of Th1/Th2 balance and inactivation of NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feng Zhuo
- Department of Joint Surgery, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Peigang Chu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Taian Changcheng Hospital, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Trauma center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, China.
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Liu Q, Kong Y, Han B, Jiang D, Jia H, Zhang L. Long Non-coding RNA Expression Profile and Functional Analysis in Children With Acute Fulminant Myocarditis. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:283. [PMID: 31355167 PMCID: PMC6637775 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has been associated with human diseases. To study the role of lncRNA in the pathogenic mechanism of acute fulminant myocarditis (AFM), we used a microarray to analyze lncRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in leukocyte samples from AFM patients and normal children. In total, using a 2/0.5-fold change and P < 0.05 as the cutoff criteria, we found that 3,101 lncRNAs and 2,170 mRNAs were differentially expressed in AFM patients. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis was used to verify the microarray data. Eight differentially expressed molecules were randomly selected, including 3 upregulated lncRNAs, 3 downregulated lncRNAs, and 2 upregulated mRNAs. Among them, 7 expression profiles were consistent with the microarray results. Gene Ontology enrichment and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were used to investigate the biological functions of these genes. Establishment of a lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network and lncRNA target predication were performed to study the molecular interactions of these molecules. Our study is the first to use microarrays to examine the lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles associated with AFM, and the results indicate that the immune system plays an important role in AFM. These findings may provide a new perspective for the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy of AFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yaru Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Diandong Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hailin Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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