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Macedo-Rego RC, Jennions MD, Santos ESA. Does the potential strength of sexual selection differ between mating systems with and without defensive behaviours? A meta-analysis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 38597347 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The Darwin-Bateman paradigm predicts that females enhance their fitness by being choosy and mating with high-quality males, while males should compete to mate with as many females as possible. In many species, males enhance their fitness by defending females and/or resources used by females. That is, males directly defend access to mating opportunities. However, paternity analyses have repeatedly shown that females in most species mate polyandrously, which contradicts traditional expectations that male defensive behaviours lead to monandry. Here, in an extensive meta-analysis, encompassing 109 species and 1026 effect sizes from across the animal kingdom, we tested if the occurrence of defensive behaviours modulates sexual selection on females and males. If so, we can illuminate the extent to which males really succeed in defending access to mating and fertilisation opportunities. We used four different indices of the opportunity for sexual selection that comprise pre-mating and/or post-mating episodes of selection. We found, for both sexes, that the occurrence of defensive behaviours does not modulate the potential strength of sexual selection. This implies that male defensive behaviours do not predict the true intensity of sexual selection. While the most extreme levels of sexual selection on males are in species with male defensive behaviours, which indicates that males do sometimes succeed in restricting females' re-mating ability (e.g. elephant seals, Mirounga leonina), estimates of the opportunity for sexual selection vary greatly across species, regardless of whether or not defensive behaviours occur. Indeed, widespread polyandry shows that females are usually not restricted by male defensive behaviours. In addition, our results indicate that post-mating episodes of selection, such as cryptic female choice and sperm competition, might be important factors modulating the opportunity for sexual selection. We discuss: (i) why male defensive behaviours fail to lower the opportunity for sexual selection among females or fail to elevate it for males; (ii) how post-mating events might influence sexual selection; and (iii) the role of females as active participants in sexual selection. We also highlight that inadequate data reporting in the literature prevented us from extracting effect sizes from many studies that had presumably collected the relevant data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato C Macedo-Rego
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, no. 321, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
- Division of Ecology & Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Michael D Jennions
- Division of Ecology & Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Centre, 10 Marais Street, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Eduardo S A Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, no. 321, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
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2
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Overduin-de Vries AM, Vermande MM, Hessen DJ, Sterck EHM. The ability to inhibit impulses is related to social behavior in long-tailed macaques. Am J Primatol 2024; 86:e23587. [PMID: 38145328 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Performance in cognitive tasks has been linked to differences in species' social organization, yet to understand its function its relationship to within-species variation in behavior should also be explored. One important cognitive capacity, the ability to inhibit impulses, is typically better in egalitarian than despotic primate species and in primate species with strong fission-fusion dynamics. A different line of research indicates that a high ability to inhibit impulses is related to less aggressive behavior and more socio-positive behavior. However, within species the relationship between performance on cognitive inhibition tasks and variation in social behavior remains to be explored. Here we investigate how performance in a typical inhibition task in cognitive research is related to aggressive and socio-positive behavior in despotic long-tailed macaques. Twenty individuals living in two naturalistic mixed-sex groups were tested with the Plexiglass Hole Task. Aggressive behavior and three types of socio-positive behavior (neutral/friendly approaches, socio-positive signaling, and grooming others) among group members were measured. Individuals differed in their ability to inhibit impulses. Individuals that were not good at inhibiting impulses showed higher rates of aggressive behavior, but also more socio-positive signals, whereas inhibition was not related to neutral/friendly approaches and grooming. These results confirm the positive link between impulsiveness and aggression. In addition, the results indicate that some social-positive behavior may be enhanced when inhibition is limited. In this species, benefits potentially derived from aggression and socio-positive signals match a low ability to inhibit impulses, suggesting that a low ability to inhibit impulses may actually be advantageous. To understand differences between species in cognitive skills, understanding the benefits of variation in a cognitive capacity within a species is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Overduin-de Vries
- Animal Behaviour & Cognition, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn M Vermande
- Department of Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David J Hessen
- Department of Methods and Statistics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth H M Sterck
- Animal Behaviour & Cognition, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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3
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Delmé C, Jackson N, Class B, Strickland K, Potvin DA, Frère CH. Adaptive significance of affiliative behaviour differs between sexes in a wild reptile population. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20230805. [PMID: 37339740 PMCID: PMC10281801 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.0805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, we have begun to appreciate that social behaviours might exhibit repeatable among-individual variation. Such behavioural traits may even covary and have critical evolutionary implications. Importantly, some social behaviours such as aggressiveness have been shown to provide fitness benefits, including higher reproductive success and survival. However, fitness consequences of affiliative behaviours, especially between or among sexes, can be more challenging to establish. Using a longitudinal behavioural dataset (2014-2021) collected on eastern water dragons (Intellagama lesueurii), we investigated whether various aspects of affiliative behaviour (i) were repeatable across years, (ii) covaried with each other at the among-individual level, and (iii) influenced individuals' fitness. In particular, we considered affiliative behaviours towards opposite-sex and same-sex conspecifics separately. We found that social traits were repeatable and covaried with each other similarly for both sexes. More notably, we found that male reproductive success was positively correlated with the number of female associates and the proportion of time spent with females, while females' reproductive success was not correlated with any of the measured social behaviour metrics. Overall, these findings suggest that selection may be acting differently on social behaviour of male and female eastern water dragons.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Delmé
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - N. Jackson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - B. Class
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - K. Strickland
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D. A. Potvin
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - C. H. Frère
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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4
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Konečná M, Roubová V, Wallner B, Lhota S. The Effect of Maternal Status on Time Budget in Female Barbary Macaques (Macaca sylvanus). INT J PRIMATOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-023-00360-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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5
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Hunter JN, Wood EK, Roberg BL, Neville L, Schwandt ML, Fairbanks LA, Barr C, Lindell SG, Goldman D, Suomi SJ, Higley JD. Mismatches in resident and stranger serotonin transporter genotypes lead to escalated aggression, and the target for aggression is mediated by sex differences in male and female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Horm Behav 2022; 140:105104. [PMID: 35180497 PMCID: PMC9380749 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A variety of studies show that the s-allele of the serotonin transporter genotype (5-HTT) is related to aggression. However, influences of sex and 5-HTT genotype of both subject and opponent have not received as much attention in aggression research. Using a nonhuman primate model, the present study explores differences in rates of aggression exhibited by 201 group-housed male and female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta; 122 females; 79 males) exposed to an unfamiliar age- and sex-matched stranger while in the presence of other same-sex members of their social group. The study also assesses whether the rates of aggression increase when the home-cage resident, the unfamiliar stimulus animal, or both possess the short (s) allele of the 5-HTT. Results showed that, when compared to females, males exhibited higher rates of physical aggression toward the stranger, and when both the male resident and the male stranger possessed the s-allele, rates of physical aggression toward the stranger increased five-fold. Resident females also engaged in higher rates of physical aggression when they possessed the s-allele, although unlike the males, their physical aggression was directed toward familiar same-sex members of their social group. The findings of this study indicate that rates of physical aggression are modulated by 5-HTT resident and stranger suggest a role of sexual competition in the phenotype of the 5-HTT genotype. Importantly, when two males with impulse deficits, as a function of the s-allele, are placed together, rates of violence exhibited by the dyad escalate substantially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob N Hunter
- Neuroscience Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
| | - Elizabeth K Wood
- Psychology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
| | | | - Leslie Neville
- Neuroscience Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
| | - Melanie L Schwandt
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies, National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIH/NIAAA), Poolesville, MD, USA.
| | - Lynn A Fairbanks
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Christina Barr
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies, National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIH/NIAAA), Poolesville, MD, USA.
| | - Stephen G Lindell
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies, National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIH/NIAAA), Poolesville, MD, USA.
| | - David Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIH/NIAAA), Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Stephen J Suomi
- Laboratory of Comparative Ethology, NIH, National Institute of Child Health and Development, Poolesville, MD, USA.
| | - J Dee Higley
- Neuroscience Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA; Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, USA.
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6
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Beisner BA, Remillard CM, Moss S, Long CE, Bailey KL, Young LA, Meeker T, McCowan B, Bloomsmith MA. Factors influencing the success of male introductions into groups of female rhesus macaques: Introduction technique, male characteristics and female behavior. Am J Primatol 2021; 83:e23314. [PMID: 34343364 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In captive populations of rhesus macaques, novel adult males are commonly introduced to female groups every few years to prevent inbreeding, which mimics male dispersal in wild macaque populations. However, introducing adult males is challenging because macaques are aggressive to newcomers, which can result in serious injuries. Efforts to reduce trauma risk during the introduction process and increase the probability of success are needed. Here we investigate the impact of multiple factors, including male attributes (e.g., age, weight, rank, and experience), introduction method (punctuated vs. continual exposure to females), and female behavior, on males' trauma risk and integration success. We studied eight introductions of multimale cohorts (3-7 males each; N = 36 total) into existing female groups of rhesus macaques at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center. Four cohorts were introduced using the punctuated exposure method where adult males were moved each morning from run housing to the females' indoor enclosure and returned to run housing in the afternoon, and four cohorts were introduced using the continual exposure method where adult males were moved to an introduction enclosure attached to the females' outdoor compound, allowing males to live in protected contact next to the female group continuously. Generalized linear mixed models fitted to trauma risk (e.g., latency to first trauma; total trauma count) and success or failure to integrate (i.e., continual residence within the female group for greater than 53% of days within a 28-day window after first overnight stay) showed that continual exposure to females in the introduction enclosure reduced male trauma risk and increased the likelihood of successful integration compared to punctuated exposure. Males received less trauma when they received a higher rate of grooming from females. Male attributes had no effect. These findings highlight the importance of introduction technique and female behavior in the process of males' social integration into female groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne A Beisner
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Caren M Remillard
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shannon Moss
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Caroline E Long
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kelly L Bailey
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Leigh A Young
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tracy Meeker
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Brenda McCowan
- Neuroscience and Behavior Unit, California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Mollie A Bloomsmith
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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7
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Xia DP, Garber PA, Sun L, Sun B, Wang X, Li JH. Social strategies used by dispersing males to integrate into a new group in Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana). Am J Primatol 2021; 83:e23306. [PMID: 34270109 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In group-living mammals, an individual's fitness depends, in part, on the quality of social relationships it has with others. Among species of nonhuman primates in which one sex is philopatric, individuals of that sex often develop strong social bonds and alliances with closely related kin. Less is known regarding the social processes used by dispersing adults to form stable bonds with nonkin in their new group. From May to December 2009, April to August 2010, September to December 2011, and February to May 2012, we collected data on grooming interactions in wild Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana), a female philopatric species, at Mt. Huangshan, China. Our goal was to compare social interactions and bond formation between resident males, recent immigrant males, and resident females. Our results indicate that recent immigrant males formed stable partner relationships with a small number of resident females and groomed these females more frequently or for longer than they received grooming. In contrast, resident males switched female grooming partners more frequently, received more grooming than they gave, and formed relationships with a greater number of female partners. We argue that the ability of recent immigrant male Tibetan macaques to maintain strong and persistent social bonds with a small set of resident adult females is a primary factor that enables them to establish residence in a new multimale-multifemale group. The present study provides new and important insights into the integrated social strategies used by dispersing males and resident females to maintain group stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Po Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China.,International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Hefei, China
| | - Paul A Garber
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Lixing Sun
- Department of Biology, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington, USA
| | - Binghua Sun
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Hefei, China.,School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Xi Wang
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Hefei, China.,School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Jin-Hua Li
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Hefei, China.,School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, China.,School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, China
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8
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De Aquino I, Platas-Neri D, Sánchez-Ferrer JC, Jiménez S, Muñoz-Delgado J. Tactical deception in sociosexual behaviour of stump-tailed macaques (Macaca arctoides): an exploratory study. BEHAVIOUR 2021. [DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-bja10102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Tactical deception (TD) is a social strategy in which a subject performs an action to its own benefit causing disadvantage for a competitor. In primates, the cognitive mechanisms involved in TD have been described at different levels. Sneaky mating is a common context within which to study TD because in many primate groups, dominant males monopolize access to females and subordinate males must find a way to copulate with females avoiding the alpha’s presence. The objective of this study was to explore which of the TD behavioural strategies are involved in the male sociosexual behaviour of a group of stump-tailed macaques (Macaca arctoides). We found that the subordinate males participated in more interactions when they were in a section of the enclosure where the alpha male was not present. The alpha male had more copulation interactions, but the beta male’s interactions lasted longer on average. Our data offer evidence in support of the hypothesis that stump-tailed macaques may use TD strategies that are related to operant conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzel De Aquino
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Cronoecología y Etología Humana, Departamento de Etología, Dirección de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana Platas-Neri
- Laboratorio de Antropología y Cognición, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Cognitivas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Said Jiménez
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Cronoecología y Etología Humana, Departamento de Etología, Dirección de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jairo Muñoz-Delgado
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Cronoecología y Etología Humana, Departamento de Etología, Dirección de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
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9
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Vermande MM, Sterck EHM. How to Get the Biggest Slice of the Cake. A Comparative View of Social Behaviour and Resource Access in Human Children and Nonhuman Primates. Front Psychol 2020; 11:584815. [PMID: 33250823 PMCID: PMC7673353 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.584815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Social complexity results from engaging in different classes of social behaviour. The presence of different classes of social behaviour is reflected in multidimensional concepts of social asymmetry, found in both human and nonhuman primates. Based on an overview of such concepts, we propose that three classes of social behaviour are involved in having access to scarce and desired resources: next to aggressive and affiliative behaviour, also action indicating behaviour (i.e., inspire another individual to follow one's example or intentions) may lead to resource access. Studies with nonhuman primate and human children show that the contribution of aggression and affiliation to resource access has been widely documented and that there is initial support for action indicating behaviour. In addition, the studies show similarities and differences in conceptualization and approach that may inspire future research. Future research should address the (in)dependency of the behavioural dimensions, their relative importance, individual differences in combined expression and the type of resources accessed. Only a multi-dimensional view on behaviour leading to resource access will highlight the benefits of social complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolijn M. Vermande
- Department of Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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10
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Morales Picard A, Mundry R, Auersperg AM, Boeving ER, Boucherie PH, Bugnyar T, Dufour V, Emery NJ, Federspiel IG, Gajdon GK, Guéry J, Hegedič M, Horn L, Kavanagh E, Lambert ML, Massen JJM, Rodrigues MA, Schiestl M, Schwing R, Szabo B, Taylor AH, Horik JO, Bayern AMP, Seed A, Slocombe KE. Why preen others? Predictors of allopreening in parrots and corvids and comparisons to grooming in great apes. Ethology 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger Mundry
- Messerli Research Institute University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Medical University Vienna University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Platform Bioinformatics and Biostatistics University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Alice M. Auersperg
- Messerli Research Institute University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Medical University Vienna University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Emily R. Boeving
- Department of Psychology Florida International University Miami FL USA
| | - Palmyre H. Boucherie
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien University of Strasbourg Strasbourg France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7178 Strasbourg France
| | - Thomas Bugnyar
- Department of Cognitive Biology University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Valérie Dufour
- UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements INRA‐CNRS Université de Tours‐IFCE Nouzilly France
| | - Nathan J. Emery
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Ira G. Federspiel
- Department of Cognitive Biology University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Gyula K. Gajdon
- Messerli Research Institute University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Medical University Vienna University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | | | - Matjaž Hegedič
- Department of Cognitive Biology University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Lisa Horn
- Department of Cognitive Biology University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | | | - Megan L. Lambert
- Department of Psychology University of York York UK
- Messerli Research Institute University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Medical University Vienna University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Jorg J. M. Massen
- Department of Cognitive Biology University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Animal Ecology Group Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Michelle A. Rodrigues
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois Urbana IL USA
| | - Martina Schiestl
- School of Psychology University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Raoul Schwing
- Messerli Research Institute University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Medical University Vienna University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Birgit Szabo
- Department of Cognitive Biology University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney Australia
| | - Alex H. Taylor
- School of Psychology University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Jayden O. Horik
- Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, Psychology University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | | | - Amanda Seed
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience University of St Andrews St Andrews UK
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11
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Kuběnová B, Ostner J, Schülke O, Majolo B, Šmilauer P, Waterman J, Tkaczynski P, Konečná M. The male and female perspective in the link between male infant care and mating behaviour in Barbary macaques. Ethology 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Kuběnová
- Department of Zoology Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
- Department of Behavioral Ecology Johann‐Friedrich‐Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology Georg August University Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- Primate Research Institute, University of Kyoto Inuyama Japan
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition German Primate Center & Georg August University Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Julia Ostner
- Department of Behavioral Ecology Johann‐Friedrich‐Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology Georg August University Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition German Primate Center & Georg August University Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- Research Group Primate Social Evolution German Primate Centre Göttingen Germany
| | - Oliver Schülke
- Department of Behavioral Ecology Johann‐Friedrich‐Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology Georg August University Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition German Primate Center & Georg August University Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- Research Group Primate Social Evolution German Primate Centre Göttingen Germany
| | | | - Petr Šmilauer
- Department of Ecosystem Biology Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | | | - Patrick Tkaczynski
- Department of Life Science University of Roehampton London UK
- Department of Primatology Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig Germany
| | - Martina Konečná
- Department of Zoology Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
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12
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Lhota S, Roubová V, Gregorová V, Konečná M. Complex patterns of grooming and sexual activity in Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus). Am J Primatol 2019; 81:e23040. [PMID: 31429113 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Grooming in primates is often considered a "currency" that can be exchanged for other "services" or "commodities" such as reciprocal grooming, coalitionary support, infant handling, tolerance around food sources, active food sharing, or mating opportunities. Previous studies on primate grooming-for-sex exchange viewed the males as the demanding class, with the females as suppliers of mating opportunities. In this study, we examine the broader context of grooming-for-mating exchange in Barbary macaques in Gibraltar. Our data show that Barbary macaque males groom females with whom they are mating more frequently and for longer periods than other females, and the relationship between grooming and mating remains significant in both sexual and nonsexual contexts. In addition, females groomed males with whom they were mating more frequently and for longer periods than other males. In both sexes, grooming was observed to be far more frequent and to occur for longer durations in sexual compared to nonsexual contexts. We did not find any difference in grooming behavior between presexual and postsexual contexts. Our data suggest that there is no simple model to describe Barbary macaque grooming patterns in sexual contexts. Although our results are partly consistent with male use of grooming as payment for mating, broadly assessed grooming-mating patterns cannot be solely explained by a male-driven grooming-for-mating exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Lhota
- Department of Animal Science and Food Processing, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Ústí nad Labem Zoo, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Roubová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Gregorová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Konečná
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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13
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Lacey EA, O’Brien SL, Sobrero R, Ebensperger LA. Spatial relationships among free-living cururos (Spalacopus cyanus) demonstrate burrow sharing and communal nesting. J Mammal 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyz117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Spatial relationships among conspecifics can provide insights into numerous aspects of social behavior. Spatial data may be particularly important for characterizing the behavior of difficult-to-study species such as subterranean rodents, direct observations of which are challenging. To characterize the social organization of the cururo (Spalacopus cyanus), a subterranean species in the rodent family Octodontidae, we used radiotelemetry to quantify spatial relationships within populations of this species located in Parque Nacional Bosque Fray Jorge and Santuario de la Naturaleza Yerba Loca, Chile. Specifically, we sought to determine if adults in this diurnal species share burrows and subterranean nests, the two criteria typically used to identify subterranean rodents as social. Analyses of radio fixes collected during February–March 2003 revealed that cururos at both Fray Jorge and Yerba Loca shared nighttime nest sites; cluster analyses of these data identified multiple spatially distinct subsets of adults in each population. Overlap of minimum convex polygons constructed from radio fixes collected during daylight hours suggested burrow sharing by animals in both populations. Cluster analyses of overlap values revealed the same spatially distinct groups of individuals identified from analyses of nest sharing; in addition, these analyses revealed one cluster of animals in each population that was not evident from analyses of nighttime data. Collectively, these results confirm that cururos are social, with adults in both study populations sharing burrow systems and communal nests. Our findings add to the growing understanding of social organization in octodontid rodents and reveal a new system for comparative studies of the ecology and evolution of behavioral variation in burrow-dwelling mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen A Lacey
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Shannon L O’Brien
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Raúl Sobrero
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Luis A Ebensperger
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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14
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Städele V, Roberts ER, Barrett BJ, Strum SC, Vigilant L, Silk JB. Male-female relationships in olive baboons (Papio anubis): Parenting or mating effort? J Hum Evol 2019; 127:81-92. [PMID: 30777360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Long-term male-female bonds and bi-parental investment in offspring are hallmarks of human society. A key question is how these traits evolved from the polygynandrously mating multimale multifemale society that likely characterized the Pan-Homo ancestor. In all three species of savanna baboons, lactating females form strong ties (sometimes called "friendships") with one or more adult males. For yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) and chacma baboons (Papio ursinus), several lines of evidence suggest that these relationships are a form of male parenting effort. In olive baboons (Papio anubis), females are thought to preferentially mate with their "friends", and male-female bonds may thus function as a form of mating effort. Here, we draw on behavioral and genetic data to evaluate the factors that shape male-female relationships in a well-studied population of olive baboons. We find support for the parenting effort hypothesis in that sires have stronger bonds with their infants' mothers than do other males. These bonds sometimes persist past weaning age and, in many cases, the sire of the previous infant is still a close partner of the female when she nurses her subsequent offspring. We find that males who have the strongest bonds with females that have resumed cycling, but are not currently sexually receptive, are more likely to sire the female's next offspring but the estimate is associated with large statistical uncertainty. We also find that in over one third of the cases, a female's successive infants were sired by the same male. Thus, in olive baboons, the development of stable breeding bonds and paternal investment seem to be grounded in the formation of close ties between males and anestrous females. However, other factors such as male dominance rank also influence paternity success and may preclude stability of these bonds to the extent found in human societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Städele
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Eila R Roberts
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 872402, Tempe, AZ 85287-2402, USA
| | - Brendan J Barrett
- Cognitive and Cultural Ecology Group, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany; Department of Human Behavior, Ecology, and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shirley C Strum
- Department of Anthropology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 0532, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Uaso Ngiro Baboon Project, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenya Wildlife Service, P.O. Box 40241-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; African Conservation Centre, P.O. Box 15289-00509, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Linda Vigilant
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joan B Silk
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 872402, Tempe, AZ 85287-2402, USA; Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 874101, Tempe, AZ 85287-4101, USA
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15
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Grooming networks reveal intra- and intersexual social relationships in Macaca thibetana. Primates 2019; 60:223-232. [DOI: 10.1007/s10329-018-00707-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Madlon-Kay S, Montague MJ, Brent LJN, Ellis S, Zhong B, Snyder-Mackler N, Horvath JE, Skene JHP, Platt ML. Weak effects of common genetic variation in oxytocin and vasopressin receptor genes on rhesus macaque social behavior. Am J Primatol 2018; 80:e22873. [PMID: 29931777 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The neuropeptides oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) influence pair bonding, attachment, and sociality, as well as anxiety and stress responses in humans and other mammals. The effects of these peptides are mediated by genetic variability in their associated receptors, OXTR and the AVPR gene family. However, the role of these genes in regulating social behaviors in non-human primates is not well understood. To address this question, we examined whether genetic variation in the OT receptor gene OXTR and the AVP receptor genes AVPR1A and AVPR1B influence naturally-occurring social behavior in free-ranging rhesus macaques-gregarious primates that share many features of their biology and social behavior with humans. We assessed rates of social behavior across 3,250 hr of observational behavioral data from 201 free-ranging rhesus macaques on Cayo Santiago island in Puerto Rico, and used genetic sequence data to identify 25 OXTR, AVPR1A, and AVPR1B single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in the population. We used an animal model to estimate the effects of 12 SNVs (n = 3 OXTR; n = 5 AVPR1A; n = 4 AVPR1B) on rates of grooming, approaches, passive contact, contact aggression, and non-contact aggression, given and received. Though we found evidence for modest heritability of these behaviors, estimates of effect sizes of the selected SNVs were close to zero, indicating that common OXTR and AVPR variation contributed little to social behavior in these animals. Our results are consistent with recent findings in human genetics that the effects of individual common genetic variants on complex phenotypes are generally small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Madlon-Kay
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael J Montague
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lauren J N Brent
- Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon
| | - Samuel Ellis
- Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon
| | - Brian Zhong
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Noah Snyder-Mackler
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Julie E Horvath
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina.,North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina.,Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Michael L Platt
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Marketing, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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17
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Liao Z, Sosa S, Wu C, Zhang P. The influence of age on wild rhesus macaques' affiliative social interactions. Am J Primatol 2017; 80. [PMID: 29266298 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The social relationships that individuals experience at different life stages have a non-negligible influence on their lives, and this is particularly true for group living animals. The long lifespan of many primates makes it likely that these animals have various tactics of social interaction to adapt to complex changes in environmental or physical conditions. The different strategies used in social interaction by individuals at different life stages, and whether the position (central or peripheral) or role (initiator or recipient) of an individual in the group social network changes with age, are intriguing questions that remain to be investigated. We used social network analysis to examine age-related differences in social interaction patterns, social roles, and social positions in three affiliative social networks (approach, allogrooming, and social play) in a group of wild rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Our results showed that social interaction patterns of rhesus macaques differ between age classes in the following ways: i) young individuals tend to allocate social time to a high number of groupmates, older individuals prefer to focus on fewer, specific partners; ii) as they grow older, individuals tend to be recipients in approach interactions and initiators in grooming interactions; and iii) regardless of the different social interaction strategies, individuals of all ages occupy a central position in the group. These results reveal a possible key role played by immature individuals in group social communication, a little-explored issue which deserves closer investigation in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Liao
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, GuangZhou, China
| | - Sebastian Sosa
- School of Sociology and Anthropology, Sun Yat-sen University, GuangZhou, China
| | - Chengfeng Wu
- School of Sociology and Anthropology, Sun Yat-sen University, GuangZhou, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Sociology and Anthropology, Sun Yat-sen University, GuangZhou, China
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18
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Sterck EHM, Bontrop RE, de Groot N, de Vos-Rouweler AJM, Doxiadis GGM. No postcopulatory selection against MHC-homozygous offspring: Evidence from a pedigreed captive rhesus macaque colony. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:3785-3793. [PMID: 28437562 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The heterozygosity status of polymorphic elements of the immune system, such as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), is known to increase the potential to cope with a wider variety of pathogens. Pre- and postcopulatory processes may regulate MHC heterozygosity. In a population where mating occurs among individuals that share identical MHC haplotypes, postcopulatory selection may disfavour homozygous offspring or ones with two MHC haplotypes identical to its mother. We tested these ideas by determining the incidence of MHC-heterozygous and MHC-homozygous individuals in a pedigreed, partially consanguineous captive rhesus monkey colony. Bayesian statistics showed that when parents share MHC haplotypes, the distribution of MHC-heterozygous and MHC-homozygous individuals significantly fitted the expected Mendelian distribution, both for the complete MHC haplotypes, and for MHC class I or II genes separately. Altogether, we found in this captive colony no evidence for postcopulatory selection against MHC-homozygous individuals. However, the distribution of paternally and maternally inherited MHC haplotypes tended to differ significantly from expected. Individuals with two MHC haplotypes identical to their mother were underrepresented and offspring with MHC haplotypes identical to their father tended to be overrepresented. This suggests that postcopulatory processes affect MHC haplotype combination in offspring, but do not prevent low MHC heterozygosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H M Sterck
- Department of Animal Ecology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Animal Science, Ethology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - R E Bontrop
- Department of Comparative Genetics & Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.,Department of Theoretical Biology & Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N de Groot
- Department of Comparative Genetics & Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - A J M de Vos-Rouweler
- Department of Comparative Genetics & Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - G G M Doxiadis
- Department of Comparative Genetics & Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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19
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Dunayer ES, Berman CM. Biological markets: theory, interpretation, and proximate perspectives. A response to. Anim Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Minge C, Berghänel A, Schülke O, Ostner J. Patterns and Consequences of Male-Infant Relationships in Wild Assamese Macaques ( Macaca assamensis). INT J PRIMATOL 2016; 37:350-370. [PMID: 27546937 PMCID: PMC4978776 DOI: 10.1007/s10764-016-9904-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Male care for offspring is unexpected in polygynandrous mammals. Evidence from nonhuman primates, however, indicates not only the existence of stable male-immature associations in multimale-multifemale groups, but also male care in the form of protection from infanticidal attacks and conspecific harassment. Here, we investigate the relationship characteristics, dynamics, and consequences of male-immature associations in wild Assamese macaques, Macaca assamensis, at Phu Khieo Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand, to inform hypotheses of their evolutionary origins. Female Assamese macaques reproduce seasonally and do not signal ovulation, resulting in low mating and paternity skew. However, male-immature associations are predicted by paternity, and male behavior potentially reflects paternal effort. We present focal animal data on 12 immatures followed from birth beyond weaning into their juvenile life (1188 focal hours). The distribution of composite sociality indices suggests that male-immature relationships were highly differentiated. Association patterns and the degree of differentiation remained stable from 6 mo well into the juvenile phase, suggesting that male protection extends beyond the phase of high infanticide risk. Based on Hinde indices, immatures were responsible for maintaining the relationships. The likelihood that an infant was associated with its preferred male increased if the mother was absent and if other males were present in proximity, suggesting that immatures sought protection. The presence of the preferred male did not decrease the rate of mild aggression immatures received from group members, but the stronger the relationship between an immature and a male, the more often it received agonistic support from him. Future studies will have to assess whether this agonistic support translates into improved fitness and represents true paternal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Minge
- Department for Behavioral Ecology, Georg-August University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Berghänel
- Department for Behavioral Ecology, Georg-August University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Schülke
- Department for Behavioral Ecology, Georg-August University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Research Group Primate Social Evolution, German Primate Center Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Ostner
- Department for Behavioral Ecology, Georg-August University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Research Group Primate Social Evolution, German Primate Center Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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21
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Baniel A, Cowlishaw G, Huchard E. Stability and strength of male-female associations in a promiscuous primate society. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-016-2100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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22
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Evers E, de Vries H, Spruijt BM, Sterck EH. Intermediate-term emotional bookkeeping is necessary for long-term reciprocal grooming partner preferences in an agent-based model of macaque groups. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1488. [PMID: 26839737 PMCID: PMC4734454 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether and how primates are able to maintain long-term affiliative relationships is still under debate. Emotional bookkeeping (EB), the partner-specific accumulation of emotional responses to earlier interactions, is a candidate mechanism that does not require high cognitive abilities. EB is difficult to study in real animals, due to the complexity of primate social life. Therefore, we developed an agent-based model based on macaque behavior, the EMO-model, that implements arousal and two emotional dimensions, anxiety-FEAR and satisfaction-LIKE, which regulate social behavior. To implement EB, model individuals assign dynamic LIKE attitudes towards their group members, integrating partner-specific emotional responses to earlier received grooming episodes. Two key parameters in the model were varied to explore their effects on long-term affiliative relationships: (1) the timeframe over which earlier affiliation is accumulated into the LIKE attitudes; and (2) the degree of partner selectivity. EB over short and long timeframes gave rise to low variation in LIKE attitudes, and grooming partner preferences were only maintained over one to two months. Only EB over intermediate-term timeframes resulted in enough variation in LIKE attitudes, which, in combination with high partner selectivity, enables individuals to differentiate between regular and incidental grooming partners. These specific settings resulted in a strong feedback between differentiated LIKE attitudes and the distribution of grooming, giving rise to strongly reciprocated partner preferences that could be maintained for longer periods, occasionally up to one or two years. Moreover, at these settings the individual's internal, socio-emotional memory of earlier affiliative episodes (LIKE attitudes) corresponded best to observable behavior (grooming partner preferences). In sum, our model suggests that intermediate-term LIKE dynamics and high partner selectivity seem most plausible for primates relying on emotional bookkeeping to maintain their social bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Evers
- Department of Animal Ecology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Han de Vries
- Department of Animal Ecology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Berry M. Spruijt
- Department of Animal Ecology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth H.M. Sterck
- Department of Animal Ecology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Animal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Center, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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23
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Overduin-de Vries AM, Spruijt BM, de Vries H, Sterck EHM. Tactical deception to hide sexual behaviour: macaques use distance, not visibility. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2015; 69:1333-1342. [PMID: 26246655 PMCID: PMC4521099 DOI: 10.1007/s00265-015-1946-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although tactical deception (TD) may be employed to hide sexual behaviour, there is as yet no firm evidence for it. Hiding may be guided by cognitive mechanisms consistent with either no, low or high level TD, such as exploiting male peripheral positions (no TD), creating distance (TD level 1) or hiding behind screens (TD level 1.5 which involves visual perspective taking (VPT)). Macaques are capable of VPT in a food context, suggesting that they may employ TD level 1.5. We investigated, in an observational study with temporarily provided hiding screens, which strategy was used to hide sexual behaviour in captive groups of two macaque species (Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis). Sexual behaviour only sporadically took place near screens, and the few copulations near screens were not systematically hidden from the alpha male, precluding TD level 1.5. Instead, both females and non-alpha males were at a larger distance from the alpha male during sexual interactions than otherwise, consistent with TD level 1. Creating peripheral locations (TD level 1) may be effective in improving sexual opportunities in many species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Overduin-de Vries
- />Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- />Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | | | - H. de Vries
- />Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E. H. M. Sterck
- />Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- />Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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24
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Koster J, Leckie G, Miller A, Hames R. Multilevel modeling analysis of dyadic network data with an application to Ye'kwana food sharing. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2015; 157:507-12. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Koster
- Department of Anthropology; University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati, OH 45221 United States
| | - George Leckie
- Centre for Multilevel Modelling, Graduate School of Education; University of Bristol; 2 Priory Road Bristol BS8 1TX United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Miller
- Department of Anthropology; University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati, OH 45221 United States
| | - Raymond Hames
- Department of Anthropology; University of Nebraska; 816 Oldfather Hall Lincoln NE 68588-0368
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25
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Archie EA, Tung J, Clark M, Altmann J, Alberts SC. Social affiliation matters: both same-sex and opposite-sex relationships predict survival in wild female baboons. Proc Biol Sci 2014; 281:20141261. [PMID: 25209936 PMCID: PMC4173677 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Social integration and support can have profound effects on human survival. The extent of this phenomenon in non-human animals is largely unknown, but such knowledge is important to understanding the evolution of both lifespan and sociality. Here, we report evidence that levels of affiliative social behaviour (i.e. 'social connectedness') with both same-sex and opposite-sex conspecifics predict adult survival in wild female baboons. In the Amboseli ecosystem in Kenya, adult female baboons that were socially connected to either adult males or adult females lived longer than females who were socially isolated from both sexes--females with strong connectedness to individuals of both sexes lived the longest. Female social connectedness to males was predicted by high dominance rank, indicating that males are a limited resource for females, and females compete for access to male social partners. To date, only a handful of animal studies have found that social relationships may affect survival. This study extends those findings by examining relationships to both sexes in by far the largest dataset yet examined for any animal. Our results support the idea that social effects on survival are evolutionarily conserved in social mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Archie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jenny Tung
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA Duke Population Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael Clark
- Center for Social Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Jeanne Altmann
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Susan C Alberts
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya Duke Population Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Girard-Buttoz C, Heistermann M, Rahmi E, Agil M, Fauzan PA, Engelhardt A. Costs of and Investment in Mate-Guarding in Wild Long-Tailed Macaques ( Macaca fascicularis): Influences of Female Characteristics and Male-Female Social Bonds. INT J PRIMATOL 2014; 35:701-724. [PMID: 25152554 PMCID: PMC4129240 DOI: 10.1007/s10764-014-9775-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Male primates living in multimale groups tend to direct mate and mate-guarding choices toward females of high reproductive value, i.e., high-ranking, parous females, or females with which they share strong bonds. Little is known, however, about the constraints that may limit male mate-guarding choices (the costs of this behavior) and the influence of the females’ quality on male investment in mate-guarding. We aimed to study the effects of female rank, parity status, and male–female social bond strength on the costs of and investment in mate-guarding by males. We carried out our study during two reproductive seasons on three groups of wild long-tailed macaques in Indonesia. We combined behavioral observations on male locomotion and activity with noninvasive measurements of fecal glucocorticoids (fGC). Males spent less time feeding when mate-guarding nulliparous females than when mate-guarding parous females and tended to have higher fGC levels when mate-guarding low-ranking nulliparous females than when mate-guarding high-ranking nulliparous ones. Evolution should thus favor male choice for high-ranking parous females because such a decision brings benefits at proximate (reduced costs of mate-guarding) and ultimate (higher reproductive value) levels. Further, male investment in mate-guarding was flexible and contingent on female reproductive and social value. Males were more vigilant and more aggressive toward other males when mate-guarding females to which they were strongly bonded and/or high-ranking ones than when mate-guarding other females. Our findings bring a new dimension to the study of mate choice by showing that males not only mate preferentially with high-quality females but may also aim to secure paternity with these females through optimized monopolization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Girard-Buttoz
- Jr. Research Group Primate Sexual Selection, German Primate Centre, 37077 Göttingen, Germany ; Courant Research Centre Evolution of Social Behaviour, Georg-August University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Erdiansyah Rahmi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Agil
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Panji Ahmad Fauzan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Antje Engelhardt
- Jr. Research Group Primate Sexual Selection, German Primate Centre, 37077 Göttingen, Germany ; Courant Research Centre Evolution of Social Behaviour, Georg-August University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Dominance rank, female reproductive synchrony, and male reproductive skew in wild Assamese macaques. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-014-1721-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ostner J, Vigilant L, Bhagavatula J, Franz M, Schülke O. Stable heterosexual associations in a promiscuous primate. Anim Behav 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Massen JJM, Sterck EHM. Stability and Durability of Intra- and Intersex Social Bonds of Captive Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta). INT J PRIMATOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-013-9695-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Supply and demand predict male grooming of swollen females in captive chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes. Anim Behav 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Overduin-de Vries AM, Olesen CU, de Vries H, Spruijt BM, Sterck EHM. Sneak copulations in long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis): no evidence for tactical deception. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-012-1430-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Stability and Change of Social Relationship Quality in Captive Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). INT J PRIMATOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-012-9623-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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