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Al-Kaif LAIK, Al-Ameri H, Alfatlawi WRO, Mahdi AE, Al-Khafaji YAK, Al-Saadi MAK, Al-Charrakh AH, Al-Mammori RT, Akkaif MA. Detection of CTLA-4 level and humeral immune response after the second dose of COVID-19 vaccine in certain Iraqi provinces participants. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296521. [PMID: 38180994 PMCID: PMC10769031 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluating immune responses following COVID-19 vaccination is paramount to understanding vaccine effectiveness and optimizing public health interventions. This study seeks to elucidate individuals' immune status after administering a second dose of diverse COVID-19 vaccines. By analyzing immune responses through serological markers, we aim to contribute valuable insights into the uniformity of vaccine performance. METHODS A total of 80 participants were enrolled in this study, with demographic and COVID-19 infection-related data collected for categorization. Serum samples were acquired within a specified timeframe, and SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG rapid tests were conducted. Moreover, CTLA-4 levels were measured through ELISA assays, allowing us to assess the immune responses comprehensively. The participants were divided into eight groups based on various factors, facilitating a multifaceted analysis. RESULTS The outcomes of our investigation demonstrated consistent immune responses across the diverse types of COVID-19 vaccines administered in Iraq. Statistical analysis revealed no significant distinctions among the vaccine categories. In contrast, significant differences were observed in CTLA-4 among the control group (non-infected/non-vaccinated, infected/non-vaccinated) and infected/Pfizer, non-infected/Pfizer, and infected/Sinopharm, non-infected/sinopharm (P = 0.001, < 0.001, 0.023, respectively). This suggests that these vaccines exhibit comparable effectiveness in eliciting an immune response among the study participants. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our study's results underscore the lack of discriminatory variations between different COVID-19 vaccine types utilized in Iraq. The uniform immune responses observed signify the equitable efficacy and performance of these vaccines. Despite minor quantitative discrepancies, these variations do not hold statistical significance, reaffirming the notion that the various vaccines serve a similar purpose in conferring protection against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith A. I. K. Al-Kaif
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hammurabi College of Medicine, University of Babylon, Hillah, Babylon, Iraq
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University, Hillah, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Hussain Al-Ameri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University, Hillah, Babylon, Iraq
| | | | - Ammar Eesa Mahdi
- Basic Science Department, College of Dentistry, University of Babylon, Hillah, Babylon, Iraq
| | | | | | - Alaa H. Al-Charrakh
- Basic Science Department, College of Dentistry, University of Babylon, Hillah, Babylon, Iraq
| | | | - Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif
- Department of Cardiology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Sartorio A, Burrei G, Cristin L, Zoncapè M, Carlin M, Tadiello E, Minuz P, Dalbeni A, Romano S. QTc Prolongation to Predict Mortality in Patients Admitted with COVID-19 Infection: An Observational Study. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2024; 22:106-121. [PMID: 38073101 DOI: 10.2174/0115701611250248231114114557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), characterized by pulmonary infection ranging from asymptomatic forms to respiratory insufficiency and death. Evidence of cardiac involvement in COVID-19 is increasing, and systemic inflammation or direct heart damage by SARS-CoV-2 can prolong the corrected QT interval (QTc). METHODS In this observational study, a total of 333 consecutive patients admitted to the Covid Center of Verona University Hospital from November 2020 to April 2021 were included. Patients with bundle branch block, pacemaker-controlled heart rhythm and heart rate >120 beats/min were excluded. A complete electrocardiogram (ECG) was performed at admission, and QTc values of ≥440 ms for males and ≥460 ms for females were considered prolonged. RESULTS Overall, 153 patients had prolonged QTc (45.5%). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, male sex (odds ratio (OR)=6.612, p=0.046), troponin (OR=1.04, p=0.015) and lymphocyte count (OR=3.047, p=0.019) were independently associated with QTc prolongation. Multivariate logistic regression showed that QTc was independently associated with mortality (OR=4.598, p=0.036). Age, sex, the ratio between the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) (P/F), and fibrosis-4 index for liver fibrosis (FIB-4) were also independently associated with mortality. CONCLUSION QTc interval prolongation appears to be a frequent finding in patients with COVID-19. Moreover, prolonged QTc may be predictive of more severe forms of COVID-19 and worse outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sartorio
- Division of Internal Medicine C, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Giulia Burrei
- Division of Internal Medicine C, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Cristin
- Division of Internal Medicine C, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Mirko Zoncapè
- Division of Internal Medicine C, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Carlin
- Division of Internal Medicine C, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Enrico Tadiello
- Division of Internal Medicine C, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Pietro Minuz
- Division of Internal Medicine C, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Dalbeni
- Division of Internal Medicine C, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Simone Romano
- Division of Internal Medicine C, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Italy
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Survival Trend of Tuberculosis Patients and Risk Factors Associated with Mortality and Developing Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Hospital Pulau Pinang, Malaysia: A Retrospective Study. Adv Respir Med 2022; 90:467-482. [PMID: 36412638 PMCID: PMC9774739 DOI: 10.3390/arm90060054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug resistance TB (MDR-TB) has emerged as a public health issue worldwide, and the mortality rate is worrying. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the factors related to MDR-TB occurrence and the survival experience of TB patients. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Hospital Pulau Pinang in Malaysia. Medical records of active TB patients from 2014-2018 were reviewed. Cox regression was used to identify the factors associated with MDR-TB development and mortality among TB patients. RESULTS The patients had a mean age of 48.84 ± 16.713 years, and a majority of the Chinese race (46.4%). Out of 351 TB patients, 325 (92.6%) were drug-susceptible TB, and 26 (7.4%) were diagnosed with MDR-TB. Among drug-susceptible TB patients, 245 (75.4%) achieved successful outcomes, and 73 (22.5%) passed away. In multivariable Cox regression, drug addiction, levels of white blood cells, urea, platelets, and albumin were significantly associated with death. Relapsed TB, alcohol consumption, and being single were significant risk factors for MDR-TB development. CONCLUSION Patients achieved a success rate of 75.4%, which is encouraging but still far below the WHO target (at least an 85% success rate) and has room for further improvement.
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Akkaif MA, Bitar AN, Al-Kaif LAIK, Daud NAA, Sha’aban A, Noor DAM, Abd Aziz F, Cesaro A, SK Abdul Kader MA, Abdul Wahab MJ, Khaw CS, Ibrahim B. The Management of Myocardial Injury Related to SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9090307. [PMID: 36135452 PMCID: PMC9503627 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9090307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The global evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is known to all. The diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia is expected to worsen, and mortality will be higher when combined with myocardial injury (MI). The combination of novel coronavirus infections in patients with MI can cause confusion in diagnosis and assessment, with each condition exacerbating the other, and increasing the complexity and difficulty of treatment. It would be a formidable challenge for clinical practice to deal with this situation. Therefore, this review aims to gather literature on the progress in managing MI related to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. This article reviews the definition, pathogenesis, clinical evaluation, management, and treatment plan for MI related to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia based on the most recent literature, diagnosis, and treatment trial reports. Many studies have shown that early diagnosis and implementation of targeted treatment measures according to the different stages of disease can reduce the mortality rate among patients with MI related to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. The reviewed studies show that multiple strategies have been adopted for the management of MI related to COVID-19. Clinicians should closely monitor SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia patients with MI, as their condition can rapidly deteriorate and progress to heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, and/or cardiogenic shock. In addition, appropriate measures need to be implemented in the diagnosis and treatment to provide reasonable care to the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Naoras Bitar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Michel Sayegh College of Pharmacy, Aqaba University of Technology, South of Aqaba, South Beach Road, Opposite Aqaba Development Corporation Stores, Aqaba 910122, Jordan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Malaysian Allied Health Sciences Academy, Jalan SP 2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia
| | - Laith A. I. K. Al-Kaif
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al Mustaqbal University College, Hillah 51001, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Nur Aizati Athirah Daud
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (N.A.A.D.); (B.I.)
| | - Abubakar Sha’aban
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4YS, UK
| | | | | | - Arturo Cesaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Chee Sin Khaw
- Department of Cardiology, Penang General Hospital, George Town 10990, Malaysia
| | - Baharudin Ibrahim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (N.A.A.D.); (B.I.)
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