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Malcolm J, Dodd A, Shaikh M, Cassels-Brown A, Buchan JC. Reducing the carbon footprint of cataract surgery: co-creating solutions with a departmental Delphi process. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:1349-1354. [PMID: 38155328 PMCID: PMC11076634 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02902-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change is arguably the greatest threat to global health of the 21st century. Although cataract surgery is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, recent literature review identified a paucity of evidence-based strategies for improving the environmental impact of cataract services. Our study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a departmental Delphi process for improving cataract services' environmental sustainability. METHODS All members of ophthalmology theatre teams in a UK teaching hospital were invited to participate in a three-stage Delphi process. Team members were surveyed for suggestions for reducing the department's environmental impact. Suggested interventions were refined during a plenary face-to-face discussion and ranked. The highest ranked interventions were combined into a mutually agreed action plan. Data on the economic and environmental cost of cataract services was collected prior to and six months after the Delphi process using the Eyefficiency mobile application. RESULTS Twenty-three interventions were suggested by a range of staff cadres. Interventions were ranked by 24 team members. The 2nd, 4th, 5th, 8th and 11th ranked interventions were combined into an "Eco-packs" project in collaboration with suppliers (Bausch + Lomb), saving 675 kg of waste and 350 kg of CO2 equivalent annually. CONCLUSIONS The Delphi process is an effective method for provoking departmental engagement with the sustainability agenda that we would encourage all ophthalmology departments to consider utilising. The baseline per case CO2 equivalent measured in our department was reproducible and could serve as a maximum benchmark to be improved upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Malcolm
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
| | - Amy Dodd
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Mohammad Shaikh
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | | | - John C Buchan
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
- Royal College of Ophthalmologists' National Ophthalmology Database, 18 Stephenson Way, London, NW1 2HD, UK
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Ayres BD, Donnenfeld E, Farid M, Gaddie IB, Gupta PK, Holland E, Karpecki PM, Lindstrom R, Nichols KK, Pflugfelder SC, Starr CE, Yeu E. Clinical diagnosis and management of Demodex blepharitis: the Demodex Expert Panel on Treatment and Eyelid Health (DEPTH). Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:3249-3255. [PMID: 36964261 PMCID: PMC10564779 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02500-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Twelve ocular surface disease experts convened to achieve consensus about Demodex blepharitis (DB) using a modified Delphi panel process. METHODS Online surveys were administered using scaled, open-ended, true/false, and multiple-choice questions. Consensus for questions using a 1 to 9 Likert scale was predefined as median scores of 7-9 and 1-3. For other question types, consensus was achieved when 8 of 12 panellists agreed. Questions were randomized, and results of each survey informed the following survey. RESULTS Twelve practitioners comprised the Demodex Expert Panel on Treatment and Eyelid Health (DEPTH). Following 3 surveys, experts agreed that DB is chronic (n = 11) and recurrent (n = 12) and is often misdiagnosed. Consensus was achieved regarding inflammation driving symptoms (median = 7; range 7-9), collarettes as the most common sign (n = 10) and pathognomonic for DB (median = 9; range 8-9), and itching as the most common symptom (n = 12). Panellists agreed that DB may be diagnosed based on collarettes, mites, and/or patient symptoms (n = 10) and felt that patients unresponsive to typical therapies should be evaluated for DB (n = 12). Consensus about the most effective currently available OTC treatment was not reached. CONCLUSIONS The Delphi methodology proved effective in establishing consensus about DB, including signs, symptoms, and diagnosis. Consensus was not reached about the best treatment or how to grade severity. With increased awareness, eyecare practitioners can offer DB patients better clinical outcomes. A follow-up Delphi panel is planned to obtain further consensus surrounding DB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marjan Farid
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, UC-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Preeya K Gupta
- Triangle Eye Consultants, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kelly K Nichols
- School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Parajuli S, Dhakhwa P, Adhikary R. Deferring Postoperative Follow‑Up Visits up to 4 Weeks After Uneventful Cataract Surgery in a Tertiary Level Eye Hospital: Protocol for a Prospective, Quantitative, Experimental Control Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e48616. [PMID: 37651180 PMCID: PMC10502588 DOI: 10.2196/48616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Routine examination after cataract surgery, including a refraction test 4 to 6 weeks after surgery, is mandatory in most hospitals. In recent years, there has been growing interest in exploring alternative approaches to postoperative follow-up in cataract surgery patients due to the increasing number of cataract surgeries being performed, the limited availability of health care resources, and the need to optimize the use of health care services. OBJECTIVE We aim to compare postoperative visual outcomes after a day 0 examination in patients with 2 follow‑ups, one on day 7 and other on day 30, and patients with a single ophthalmic follow‑up between days 25 to 30. METHODS A prospective, quantitative, experimental control study will be carried out in Reiyukai Eiko Masunaga Eye Hospital, located in Banepa, Kavrepalanchok, Nepal. All patients undergoing cataract surgery meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria irrespective of the type of surgery (small-incision cataract surgery or phacoemulsification) will be included in the study. The patients will be randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups. Patients in group 1 will be examined on day 1, day 7, and day 30, whereas patients in group 2 will be examined on day 1 and once between days 25 to 30. The minimum clinically important difference (MCID) in our study will be set according to the improvement in the Snellen visual acuity chart. RESULTS The study is expected to be completed within 6 to 8 months from the start of the project. Data analysis and report writing will be carried out in a 2-month period. Best-corrected visual acuity will be compared between the 2 groups to determine if the MCID is achieved. The cost-effectiveness of the new approach will also be analyzed. CONCLUSIONS We aim to conclude that we can safely defer the 1-week postoperative follow-up visit in patients undergoing uncomplicated cataract surgery and that, moreover, we can reduce the patient load at the hospital and decrease patient expenses by decreasing the frequency of hospital visits. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/48616.
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Farid M, Ayres BD, Donnenfeld E, Gaddie IB, Gupta PK, Holland E, Lindstrom R, Pflugfelder SC, Karpecki PM, Nichols KK, Starr CE, Yeu E. Delphi Panel Consensus Regarding Current Clinical Practice Management Options for Demodex blepharitis. Clin Ophthalmol 2023; 17:667-679. [PMID: 36875531 PMCID: PMC9983333 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s399989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To obtain consensus on Demodex blepharitis (DB) treatment using a modified Delphi panel process. Methods Literature search identified gaps in knowledge surrounding treatment of DB. Twelve ocular surface disease experts comprised the Demodex Expert Panel on Treatment and Eyelid Health (DEPTH). They completed a live roundtable discussion in addition to 3 surveys consisting of scaled, open-ended, true/false, and multiple-choice questions pertaining to the treatment of DB. Consensus for scaled questions using a 1 to 9 Likert scale was predefined as median scores of 7-9 and 1-3. For other question types, consensus was achieved when 8 of 12 panelists agreed. Results The experts agreed that an effective therapeutic agent for treatment of DB would likely decrease the necessity of mechanical intervention, such as lid scrubs or blepharoexfoliation (Median = 8.5; Range 2-9). When treating DB, panelists believed that collarettes serve as a surrogate for mites, and that eliminating or reducing collarettes should be the main clinical goal of treatment (Median = 8; Range 7-9). The panelists would treat patients with at least 10 collarettes, regardless of other signs or symptoms and agreed that DB can be cured, but there is always the possibility for a reinfestation (n = 12). There was also consensus that collarettes, and therefore mites, are the primary treatment target and the way by which clinicians can monitor patient response to therapy (Median = 8; Range 7-9). Conclusion Expert panelists achieved consensus on key facets of DB treatment. Specifically, there was consensus that collarettes are pathognomonic for DB, that DB patients with >10 collarettes should be treated even in the absence of symptoms, and that treatment efficacy can be tracked by collarette resolution. By increasing awareness about DB, understanding the goals of and monitoring treatment efficacy, patients will receive better care and, ultimately, better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Farid
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, UC-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Preeya K Gupta
- Triangle Eye Consultants, Raleigh, NC and Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kelly K Nichols
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Optometry, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Xulu-Kasaba Z, Mashige K, Naidoo K. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Eye Health among Public Sector Eye Health Workers in South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12513. [PMID: 34886238 PMCID: PMC8656467 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In South Africa, primary eye care is largely challenged in its organisational structure, availability of human and other resources, and clinical competency. These do meet the standard required by the National Department of Health. This study seeks to assess the levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practices on eye health amongst Human Resources for eye health (HReH) and their managers, as no study has assessed this previously. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 11 districts of a South African province. A total of 101 participants completed self-administered, close-ended, Likert-scaled questionnaires anonymously. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted, and values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Most participants had adequate knowledge (81.6%), positive attitudes (69%), and satisfactory practices (73%) in eye health. HReH showed better knowledge than their managers (p < 0.01). Participants with a university degree, those aged 30-44 years, and those employed for <5 years showed a good attitude (p < 0.05) towards their work. Managers, who supervise and plan for eye health, were 99% less likely to practice adequately in eye health when compared with HReH (aOR = 0.012; p < 0.01). Practices in eye health were best amongst participants with an undergraduate degree, those aged 30-44 years (aOR = 2.603; p < 0.05), and participants with <5 years of employment (aOR = 26.600; p < 0.01). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices were found to be significantly moderately correlated with each other (p < 0.05). Eye health managers have poorer knowledge and practices of eye health than the HReH. A lack of direction is presented by the lack of adequately trained directorates for eye health. It is therefore recommended that policymakers review appointment requirements to ensure that adequately trained and qualified directorates be appointed to manage eye health in each district.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zamadonda Xulu-Kasaba
- Discipline of Optometry, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (K.M.); (K.N.)
| | - Khathutshelo Mashige
- Discipline of Optometry, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (K.M.); (K.N.)
| | - Kovin Naidoo
- Discipline of Optometry, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (K.M.); (K.N.)
- Department of Optometry, University of New South, Wales Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Efficacy, safety and visual outcomes of cataract surgeries performed during blindness prevention programs in different locations in Kenya. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 259:1215-1224. [PMID: 33512611 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-021-05084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the visual outcomes achieved in terms of efficacy and safety during high-volume cataract surgery programs in different locations in Kenya. METHODS Eight hundred eighty-one eyes of 849 patients underwent extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation in a retrospective, observational, consecutive cohort study on patients who underwent cataract surgery in five programs that a Spanish non-governmental organization conducted between 2013 and 2019 for the prevention of blindness in different geographical areas of Kenya: Thika, Athi River, Kissi, Bagavathi, and Nakuru. The programs were carried out by Spanish and Kenyan surgeons working together. RESULTS Mean age was 66.81 ± 14.47 years. Fifty-one percent of the operated eyes (447 eyes) were women. 94% of patients belonged to six ethnic groups. The mean uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) before surgery was 1.98 ± 0.98 logMAR (20/2000), which changed to 0.82 ± 0.68 logMAR (20/150) 3 months after surgeries. The corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 0.4 ± 0.53 logMAR (20/50) 3 months after surgery, 77.5% of the patients had good visual outcomes, and 6.3% had poor outcomes. Preoperative UDVAs were significantly different with respect to the different geographical areas (Kruskal-Wallis; p < 0.001). The most common intraoperative complication was posterior capsule rupture (incidence, 4.2%, 37 of 881), and the most serious complication was expulsive hemorrhage (incidence, 0.1%, 1 of 881). CONCLUSIONS Cataract programs performed in a middle-income country with the proper technique and standardized protocols of action improved the visual outcome of the patients. Dissimilar baseline status was found in different areas regarding preoperative visual acuities. Training programs of local surgeons should be reinforced.
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Ophthalmology training in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review. Eye (Lond) 2020; 35:1066-1083. [PMID: 33323984 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-020-01335-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Sub-Saharan Africa is home to 12% of the global population, and 4.3 million are blind and over 15 million are visually impaired. There are only 2.5 ophthalmologists per million people in SSA. Training of ophthalmologists is critical. We designed a systematic literature review protocol, searched MEDLINE Ovid and Embase OVID on 1 August 2019 and limited these searches to the year 2000 onwards. We also searched Google Scholar and websites of ophthalmic institutions for additional information. We include a total of 49 references in this review and used a narrative approach to synthesise the results. There are 56 training institutions for ophthalmologists in eleven Anglophone, eleven Francophone, and two Lusophone SSA countries. The median duration of ophthalmology training programmes was 4 years. Most curricula have been regionally standardised. National, regional and international collaborations are a key feature to ophthalmology training in more than half of ophthalmology training programmes. There is a drive, although perhaps not always evidence-based, for sub-specialisation in the region. Available published scientific data on ophthalmic medical and surgical training in SSA is sparse, especially for Francophone and Lusophone countries. However, through a broad scoping review strategy it has been possible to obtain a valuable and detailed view of ophthalmology training in SSA. Training of ophthalmologists is a complex and multi-faceted task. There are challenges in appropriate selection, capacity, and funding of available training institutions. Numerous learning outcomes demand curriculum, time, faculty, support, and appropriate assessment. There are opportunities provided by modern training approaches. Partnership is key.
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Javaloy J, Signes-Soler I, Moya T, Litila S. Cataract surgery in surgical camps: outcomes in a rural area of Cameroon. Int Ophthalmol 2020; 41:283-292. [PMID: 32979111 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-020-01580-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the complications and visual outcomes of cataract surgery during an outreach eye camp in Cameroon in which two foreign ophthalmologists operate alongside a local one. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective and comparative cohort study. The patients were consecutively assigned to three groups depending on the ophthalmologist who performed the cataract surgeries. All eyes underwent manual sutureless incision cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation under peribulbar anesthesia. Postoperative visits were scheduled for the first day, first week and second month after the procedures. Intra- and postoperative complications, best-corrected visual acuity and also refractive errors were assessed. RESULTS A total of 263 eyes underwent cataract extraction with PCIOL implantation. The percentage of eyes in which two or more lines of corrected distance visual acuity decreased were 2.4%, 2.7% and 0% for groups A, B and C, respectively. The percentage of eyes with good visual outcome (uncorrected distance visual acuity UDVA > 20/60) were, respectively, 82.09%, 81.43% and 80.82% for the three groups. Similar results were found between the three groups regarding complications. Ocular hypertension, transient corneal edema and hyphema were the incidences registered at the first postoperative control performed 24 h after surgery. The most common complication observed 2 months after surgery was posterior capsular opacity (2.6%). CONCLUSION High-volume cataract surgery in low- and middle-income countries may have good visual outcomes and a low rate of complications when the procedures are performed by either foreign or local ophthalmologists. SYNOPSIS A program of high-volume cataract surgery carried out in a rural environment with few resources can give good visual outcomes in the hands of both foreign and local experienced ophthalmologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Javaloy
- Clínica Baviera, Alicante, Spain.,Vision Without Borders, Calle Corbeta nº 6, 03710, Calpe, Alicante, Spain
| | - Isabel Signes-Soler
- Vision Without Borders, Calle Corbeta nº 6, 03710, Calpe, Alicante, Spain. .,Department of Optics and Optometry and Visual Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Tomás Moya
- Vision Without Borders, Calle Corbeta nº 6, 03710, Calpe, Alicante, Spain.,Clínica Baviera, Valencia, Spain
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Yoshizaki M, Ramke J, Furtado JM, Burn H, Gichuhi S, Gordon I, Aghaji A, Marques AP, Dean WH, Congdon N, Buchan J, Burton MJ. Interventions to improve the quality of cataract services: protocol for a global scoping review. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e036413. [PMID: 32788187 PMCID: PMC7422650 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cataract is the leading cause of blindness globally and a major cause of vision impairment. Cataract surgery is an efficacious intervention that usually restores vision. Although it is one of the most commonly conducted surgical interventions worldwide, good quality services (from being detected with operable cataract to undergoing surgery and receiving postoperative care) are not universally accessible. Poor quality understandably reduces the willingness of people with operable cataract to undergo surgery. Therefore, it is critical to improve the quality of care to subsequently reduce vision loss from cataract. This scoping review aims to summarise the nature and extent of the published literature on interventions to improve the quality of services for primary age-related cataract globally. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will search MEDLINE, Embase and Global Health for peer-reviewed manuscripts published since 1990, with no language, geographic or study design restrictions. To define quality, we have used the elements adopted by the WHO-effectiveness, safety, people-centredness, timeliness, equity, integration and efficiency-to which we have added the element of planetary health. We will exclude studies focused on the technical aspects of the surgical procedure and studies that only involve children (<18 years). Two reviewers will screen all titles/abstracts independently, followed by a full-text review of potentially relevant articles. For included articles, data regarding publication characteristics, study details and quality-related outcomes will be extracted by two reviewers independently. Results will be synthesised narratively and presented visually using a spider chart. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was not sought, as our review will only include published and publicly accessible information. We will publish our findings in an open-access peer-reviewed journal and develop an accessible summary of the results for website posting. A summary of the results will be included in the ongoing Lancet Global Health Commission on Global Eye Health. REGISTRATION DETAILS Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/8gktz).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Yoshizaki
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jacqueline Ramke
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - João M Furtado
- Division of Ophthalmology, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helen Burn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - Stephen Gichuhi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Iris Gordon
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ada Aghaji
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Ana P Marques
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - William H Dean
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Nathan Congdon
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - John Buchan
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Matthew J Burton
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
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Factors associated with visual outcomes after cataract surgery: A cross-sectional or retrospective study in Liberia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233118. [PMID: 32421741 PMCID: PMC7233528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To report the initial outcomes and associated risk factors for poor outcome of cataract surgery performed in Liberia Methods and analysis LV Prasad Eye Institute (LVPEI), Hyderabad, started providing eye care in Liberia since July 2017. Electronic Medical Records of 573 patients operated for age-related cataract from July 2017 to January 2019 were reviewed. One eye per patient was included for analysis. All patients underwent either phacoemulsification or manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS). Pre and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were recorded at one day, 1–3 weeks and 4–11 weeks. Main outcome measure was BCVA at 4–11 weeks; Intraoperative complications and preoperative ocular comorbidities (POC) were noted. BCVA less than 6/12 was classified as visual impairment (VI). Risk factor for VI was analysed using the logistic regression model. Results Of the 573 patients, 288 were males and 285 were females (49.7%). Mean age was 65.9±10.9 years; 14.3% had POC. The surgical technique was mainly MSICS (94.59%, n = 542). At 4–11 weeks, good outcome of 6/12 or better was noted in 38.55% (UCVA) and 82.54% (BCVA). Visual acuity (VA) of 6/18 or better as UCVA and BCVA was noted in 63.5% and 88% eyes respectively. Poor outcome of less than 6/60 was noted as UCVA (11.11%) and BCVA (5.22%). Multivariable analysis showed poor visual outcomes significantly higher in patients with POC (odds ratio 3.28; 95% CI: 1.70, 6.34). Conclusion The cataract surgical outcomes in Liberia were good; with ocular comorbidities as the only risk factor.
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Roba AA, Chagunda M, Machissa TS. Blindness above and below the Poverty Line: Reflections form Sofala, Mozambique. J Public Health Afr 2020; 11:1113. [PMID: 33209232 PMCID: PMC7649735 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2020.1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the correlation between visual impairment and poverty has been established, economic assessment is not a standard component of blindness surveys. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of avoidable blindness and its association with poverty in Sofala province of Mozambique. As part of a Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness, 94% of a random sample of 3600 people >50 years responded to questions regarding daily per capita expenditure. The WHO definition of blindness (presenting visual acuity <3/60) was used to determine the visual status of participants, and the World Bank's threshold of living on <$1.25 International Dollar a day demarcated the poverty line. The prevalence of blindness was 3.2% [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 2.6, 3.8]. People living below the poverty line had significantly greater odds of being blind [Odds Ratio (OR): 2.6 (CI: 1.6 to 4.5)]. Age above 60 [OR: 7.0 [CI: 4.6 to 10.80] predicted blindness but the association with illiteracy, gender or rural residence was not significant. Blindness disproportionately affects people living below the poverty line. Development initiatives could augment the impact of blindness prevention programs. Measuring poverty should become a standard component of visual impairment surveys.
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Naidoo K, Kempen JH, Gichuhi S, Braithwaite T, Casson RJ, Cicinelli MV, Das A, Flaxman SR, Jonas JB, Keeffe JE, Leasher J, Limburg H, Pesudovs K, Resnikoff S, Silvester AJ, Tahhan N, Taylor HR, Wong TY, Bourne RRA. Prevalence and causes of vision loss in sub-Saharan Africa in 2015: magnitude, temporal trends and projections. Br J Ophthalmol 2020; 104:1658-1668. [DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-315217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundThis study aimed to assess the prevalence and causes of vision loss in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in 2015, compared with prior years, and to estimate expected values for 2020.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the prevalence of blindness (presenting distance visual acuity <3/60 in the better eye), moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI; presenting distance visual acuity <6/18 but ≥3/60) and mild vision impairment (MVI; presenting distance visual acuity <6/12 and ≥6/18), and also near vision impairment (<N6 or N8 in the presence of ≥6/12 best-corrected distance visual acuity) in SSA for 1990, 2010, 2015 and 2020.In SSA, age-standardised prevalence of blindness, MSVI and MVI in 2015 were 1.03% (80% uncertainty interval (UI) 0.39–1.81), 3.64% (80% UI 1.71–5.94) and 2.94% (80% UI 1.05–5.34), respectively, for male and 1.08% (80% UI 0.40–1.93), 3.84% (80% UI 1.72–6.37) and 3.06% (80% UI 1.07–5.61) for females, constituting a significant decrease since 2010 for both genders. There were an estimated 4.28 million blind individuals and 17.36 million individuals with MSVI; 101.08 million individuals were estimated to have near vision loss due to presbyopia. Cataract was the most common cause of blindness (40.1%), whereas undercorrected refractive error (URE) (48.5%) was the most common cause of MSVI. Sub-Saharan West Africa had the highest proportion of blindness compared with the other SSA subregions.ConclusionsCataract and URE, two of the major causes of blindness and vision impairment, are reversible with treatment and thus promising targets to alleviate vision impairment in SSA.
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[Sumbawanga eye camp follow-up study 2019]. Ophthalmologe 2019; 117:671-676. [PMID: 31628505 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-019-00983-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2019 the German Commission for the Prevention of Blindness (DKVB) held an eye camp in the Tanzanian town of Sumbawanga. For patients with mature cataracts and the ability to see light cateracts were treated by manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS). For the first time in this camp the quality of the results of the cataract operations was measured. OBJECTIVE The quality of the cataract operations is presented and the results were assessed in the context of the guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO). METHODS Those patients who had a cataract operation in the first week were examined during the second week with respect to the parameters vision, refraction, split lamp microscopic findings, results and complications after surgery. The results were retrospectively evaluated and compared with the guidelines of the WHO. RESULTS A total of 42 postoperative patients from the eye camp could be examined within 5-9 days after cataract sugery. The following parameters were found: median postoperative visual acuity 0.26, spherical equivalent -2.82 dpt, astigmatism -2.2 dpt, axis 113°. Visual acuity >0.3 in 14.2% (WHO 80%), vision 0.1-0.3 in 62% (WHO 15%), vision <0.1 in 23.8% (WHO 5%). Prolonged healing time and intraocular irritation in 29% of the cases. CONCLUSION Although the vision improved, the results are sobering when taken in the context of the WHO guidelines. The postoperative refraction showed a myopic shift and an high level of astigmatism. The reasons are manifold: ocular comorbidities, limited diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities in a nonclinical setting. Other factors are the kind of training of the staff in the camp, the difficult circumstances and advanced findings. Consideration of the results of this study is imperative to be able to measure the quality of the work and to create the potential to make future improvements.
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Gupta S, Ravindran RD, Subburaman GBB, S AV, Ravilla T. Predictors of patient compliance with follow-up visits after cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 2019; 45:1105-1112. [PMID: 31174984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify patient characteristics associated with follow-up compliance and to draw implications for better cataract treatment services. SETTING Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, India. DESIGN Retrospective case study. METHODS The data of all cataract surgeries performed in 2015 were analyzed. After each surgery, patients were asked to return for follow-up after 1 month. The follow-up rates were compared between patients with different demographic characteristics, surgical factors, and preoperative and discharge visual acuities. The behaviors of patients who complied with the follow-up advice were analyzed, including the number of days from surgery to follow-up and number of follow-up visits. Multivariate regression models were used to identify predictors associated with these behaviors. RESULTS The overall follow-up rate for the 86 776 surgeries analyzed was 85.6%. Patients more likely to follow-up were women, younger than 70 years, and paying (versus subsidized or free) and had phacoemulsification rather than manual small-incision cataract surgery (all P < .001). Patients who had complications, reoperations, or poorer visual acuity at discharge were less likely to comply with the follow-up advice (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Targeted interventions to boost follow-up rates should be directed to patients with the characteristics found in this study. Furthermore, average measures of visual outcomes at 4 weeks are likely to be overstated relative to the truth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Gupta
- Johnson Graduate School of Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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