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Zhang W, Watson LR, Johnson KR. Racial Disparities in Hospitalization Due to Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions Among U.S. Children with Autism. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:2430-2439. [PMID: 37142910 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-05995-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was to investigate the factors associated with preventable hospitalization due to ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs) in children with autism. METHODS Using secondary data from the U.S. Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), multivariable regression analyses were conducted to determine the potential effect of race and income level on the likelihood of inpatient stays for ACSCs among autistic children. Pediatric ACSCs included three acute conditions (dehydration, gastroenteritis, and urinary infection) and three chronic conditions (asthma, constipation, and diabetes short-term complications). RESULTS In this analysis, there were 21,733 hospitalizations among children with autism; about 10% were hospitalized due to pediatric ACSCs. Overall, the odds of ACSCs hospitalization were greater among Hispanic and Black autistic children versus White autistic children. Both Hispanic and Black autistic children from the lowest income level had the highest odds to be hospitalized for chronic ACSCs. CONCLUSION Inequities of access to health care among racial/ethnic minorities were most notable for autistic children with chronic ACSC conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Zhang
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Linda R Watson
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Khalilah R Johnson
- Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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2
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Vasa RA, Neamsapaya K, Cross EA, Kalb L. Mental Health Crises in Autistic Children: A Framework for Prevention and Intervention in Primary Care. Pediatr Clin North Am 2024; 71:269-282. [PMID: 38423720 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Children with autism are at high risk for experiencing a mental health crisis, which occurs when psychiatric and behavioral symptoms become a danger and caregivers do not have the resources to safely manage the event. Our current mental health systems of care are not fully prepared to manage crisis in autistic individuals, due to the shortage of available mental health providers and programs that are tailored for autistic children. However, new strategies to address crisis are gradually emerging. This article provides a framework to define crisis and implement prevention and intervention approaches that could potentially mitigate risk for crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roma A Vasa
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, 3901 Greenspring Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21211, USA.
| | - Kate Neamsapaya
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Suite E8527, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Cross
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, 3901 Greenspring Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21211, USA
| | - Luther Kalb
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, 3901 Greenspring Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21211, USA
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3
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Harris HK, Weissman L, Friedlaender EY, Neumeyer AM, Friedman AJ, Spence SJ, Rotman C, Krauss S, Broder-Fingert S, Weitzman C. Optimizing Care for Autistic Patients in Health Care Settings: A Scoping Review and Call to Action. Acad Pediatr 2024; 24:394-407. [PMID: 37951351 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted a scoping review of interventions designed to improve the health care experiences of autistic individuals and assessed the methodology and outcomes used to evaluate them. METHODS Literature from January 2005 to October 2020 was searched using PubMed, Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO as well as hand searching. Studies included described an intervention for autistic individuals in inpatient or outpatient settings and evaluated the intervention using standardized methodology. Results were exported to Covidence software. Ten reviewers completed abstract screening, full text review, and then systematic data extraction of the remaining articles. Two reviewers evaluated each article at each stage, with a third reviewer arbitrating differences. RESULTS A total of 38 studies, including three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Twenty-six (68%) took place in dental, psychiatric, or procedural settings. Interventions primarily focused on visit preparation and comprehensive care plans or pathways (N = 29, 76%). The most frequent outcome was procedural compliance (N = 15), followed by intervention acceptability (N = 7) and parent satisfaction (N = 6). Two studies involved autistic individuals and caregivers in study design, and no studies assessed racial/ethnic diversity on intervention impact. CONCLUSIONS Well-designed evaluations of interventions to support autistic individuals in pediatric health care settings are limited. There is a need to conduct large multi-site intervention implementation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly K Harris
- Department of Pediatrics (HK Harris), Baylor College of Medicine and Meyer Center for Developmental Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Tex.
| | - Laura Weissman
- Division of Developmental Medicine (L Weissman and C Weitzman), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Eron Y Friedlaender
- Department of Pediatrics (EY Friedlaender), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Ann M Neumeyer
- Lurie Center for Autism (AM Neumeyer), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Alexander J Friedman
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics (AJ Friedman and S Krauss), Boston Medical Center, Boston, Mass
| | - Sarah J Spence
- Division of Neurology (SJ Spence), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Chloe Rotman
- Medical Library (C Rotman), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Shari Krauss
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics (AJ Friedman and S Krauss), Boston Medical Center, Boston, Mass
| | | | - Carol Weitzman
- Division of Developmental Medicine (L Weissman and C Weitzman), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
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Imbiriba T, Demirkaya A, Singh A, Erdogmus D, Goodwin MS. Wearable Biosensing to Predict Imminent Aggressive Behavior in Psychiatric Inpatient Youths With Autism. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2348898. [PMID: 38127348 PMCID: PMC10739066 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.48898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Aggressive behavior is a prevalent and challenging issue in individuals with autism. Objective To investigate whether changes in peripheral physiology recorded by a wearable biosensor and machine learning can be used to predict imminent aggressive behavior before it occurs in inpatient youths with autism. Design, Setting, and Participants This noninterventional prognostic study used data collected from March 2019 to March 2020 from 4 primary care psychiatric inpatient hospitals. Enrolled participants were 86 psychiatric inpatients with confirmed diagnoses of autism exhibiting operationally defined self-injurious behavior, emotion dysregulation, or aggression toward others; 16 individuals were not included (18.6%) because they would not wear the biosensor (8 individuals) or were discharged before an observation could be made (8 individuals). Data were analyzed from March 2020 through October 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Research staff performed live behavioral coding of aggressive behavior while inpatient study participants wore a commercially available biosensor that recorded peripheral physiological signals (cardiovascular activity, electrodermal activity, and motion). Logistic regression, support vector machines, neural networks, and domain adaptation were used to analyze time-series features extracted from biosensor data. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) values were used to evaluate the performance of population- and person-dependent models. Results There were 70 study participants (mean [range; SD] age, 11.9 [5-19; 3.5] years; 62 males [88.6%]; 1 Asian [1.4%], 5 Black [7.1%], 1 Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander [1.4%], and 63 White [90.0%]; 5 Hispanic [7.5%] and 62 non-Hispanic [92.5%] among 67 individuals with ethnicity data). Nearly half of the population (32 individuals [45.7%]) was minimally verbal, and 30 individuals (42.8%) had an intellectual disability. Participant length of inpatient hospital stay ranged from 8 to 201 days, and the mean (SD) length was 37.28 (33.95) days. A total of 429 naturalistic observational coding sessions were recorded, totaling 497 hours, wherein 6665 aggressive behaviors were documented, including self-injury (3983 behaviors [59.8%]), emotion dysregulation (2063 behaviors [31.0%]), and aggression toward others (619 behaviors [9.3%]). Logistic regression was the best-performing overall classifier across all experiments; for example, it predicted aggressive behavior 3 minutes before onset with a mean AUROC of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.79-0.81). Conclusions and Relevance This study replicated and extended previous findings suggesting that machine learning analyses of preceding changes in peripheral physiology may be used to predict imminent aggressive behaviors before they occur in inpatient youths with autism. Further research will explore clinical implications and the potential for personalized interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tales Imbiriba
- College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ahmet Demirkaya
- College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deniz Erdogmus
- College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew S. Goodwin
- Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Zhang W, Johnson KR. Geographic Variation in Preventable Hospitalizations among US Children with Autism. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1228. [PMID: 37508725 PMCID: PMC10378360 DOI: 10.3390/children10071228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
There is a limited amount of research on geographic differences in preventable hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs) among children with autism. The purpose of this study was to examine US regional differences in potentially preventable hospital admissions for pediatric inpatients diagnosed with autism. Hospital discharge data for six pediatric preventable conditions were obtained from the 2016-2019 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) under the US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Geographic differences in preventable hospitalizations for children with autism were examined by US census regions and divisions. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine child and clinical characteristics associated with ACSCs hospitalization across four US regions; the dependent variable was the likelihood of ACSCs hospitalization. Additionally, this study further explored the variation in preventable hospitalization among racial and ethnic groups for each region or division. Of the 138,305 autistic inpatients aged 2-17 years, about 10% had a primary diagnosis related to ACSCs. The results showed that the highest proportion of preventable hospitalizations for autistic children occurred in the middle Atlantic division of the northeast region. Racial differences were observed across all US regions, particularly in the northeast and south regions. Black children with autism were more likely to be hospitalized for ACSCs compared to White children with autism in three of the four US regions. Our results highlight the significant racial disparities in potentially avoidable hospitalizations among US children with autism. Examining geographic and racial differences in potentially avoidable hospitalizations could inform policy and practice while gaining a better understanding of pediatric patients with autism and where their families access health services. The findings of this study may help policymakers to identify where intervention is needed to tackle health inequities in the accessibility to quality primary care in the US. Further studies with more detailed investigation are recommended to better understand the mechanisms underlying these disparities, and to formulate effective regional policy and clinical practices while considering the unique needs and challenges of underserved children with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Zhang
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Khalilah R Johnson
- Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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6
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Marrus N, Koth KA, Hellings JA, McDonald R, Gwynette MF, Muhle R, Lohr WD, Vasa RA. Psychiatry training in autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability: Ongoing gaps and emerging opportunities. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2023; 27:679-689. [PMID: 35920285 DOI: 10.1177/13623613221112197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Children, adolescents, and adults with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability experience high rates of co-occurring psychiatric conditions throughout their lifetime. However, there is a shortage of psychiatrists to treat these populations. We evaluated how much education psychiatrists-in-training receive on how to care for individuals with autism spectrum disorder/intellectual disability. We found that in many psychiatry programs, residents receive limited training experiences in autism spectrum disorder/intellectual disability involving lectures and patient contact and that psychiatry program directors would benefit from more resources to strengthen education in autism spectrum disorder/intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Marrus
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Roma A Vasa
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA
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7
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McMaughan DJD, Jones JL, Mulcahy A, Tucker EC, Beverly JG, Perez-Patron M. Hospitalizations Among Children and Youth With Autism in the United States: Frequency, Characteristics, and Costs. INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 60:484-503. [PMID: 36454617 DOI: 10.1352/1934-9556-60.6.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
National estimates of hospitalization diagnoses and costs were determined using the 2016 HCUP Kids' Inpatient Database. Children and youth with autism were hospitalized over 45,000 times at over $560 million in costs and 260,000 inpatient days. The most frequent principal diagnoses for hospitalizations of children and youth with autism were epilepsy, mental health conditions, pneumonia, asthma, and gastrointestinal disorders, which resulted in almost $200 million in costs and 150,000 inpatient days. Mental health diagnoses accounted for 24.8% of hospitalizations, an estimated $82 million in costs, and approximately 94,000 inpatient days. Children and youth with autism were more likely hospitalized for epilepsy, mental health diagnoses, and gastrointestinal disorders, and less likely for pneumonia and asthma compared to other children and youth.
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8
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Melvin CL, Barnoux M, Alexander R, Roy A, Devapriam J, Blair R, Tromans S, Shepstone L, Langdon PE. A systematic review of in-patient psychiatric care for people with intellectual disabilities and/or autism: effectiveness, patient safety and experience. BJPsych Open 2022; 8:e187. [PMID: 36268640 PMCID: PMC9634562 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2022.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of children, adolescents and adults with intellectual disabilities and/or autism are being admitted to general psychiatric wards and cared for by general psychiatrists. AIMS The aim of this systematic review was to consider the likely effectiveness of in-patient treatment for this population, and compare and contrast differing models of in-patient care. METHOD A systematic search was completed to identify papers where authors had reported data about the effectiveness of in-patient admissions with reference to one of three domains: treatment effect (e.g. length of stay, clinical outcome, readmission), patient safety (e.g. restrictive practices) and patient experience (e.g. patient or family satisfaction). Where possible, outcomes associated with admission were considered further within the context of differing models of in-patient care (e.g. specialist in-patient services versus general mental health in-patient services). RESULTS A total of 106 studies were included and there was evidence that improvements in mental health, social functioning, behaviour and forensic risk were associated with in-patient admission. There were two main models of in-patient psychiatric care described within the literature: admission to a specialist intellectual disability or general mental health in-patient service. Patients admitted to specialist intellectual disability in-patient services had greater complexity, but there were additional benefits, including fewer out-of-area discharges and lower seclusion rates. CONCLUSIONS There was evidence that admission to in-patient services was associated with improvements in mental health for this population. There was some evidence indicating better outcomes for those admitted to specialist services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Regi Alexander
- Broadland Clinic and Community Forensic Learning Disability Team, Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, UK; and School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Ashok Roy
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research, University of Warwick, UK; Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing Research, University of Warwick, UK; and Brooklands Hospital, Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust, UK
| | - John Devapriam
- Trust Headquarters, Herefordshire and Worcestershire Health and Care NHS Trust, UK
| | - Robert Blair
- School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anglia, UK
| | - Samuel Tromans
- Adult Learning Disabilities Service, Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, UK; and Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, UK
| | - Lee Shepstone
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, UK
| | - Peter E Langdon
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research, University of Warwick, UK; Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing Research, University of Warwick, UK; Brooklands Hospital, Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust, UK; and Research and Development, Herefordshire and Worcestershire Health and Care NHS Trust, UK
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9
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Rast JE, Roux AM, Fernandes SJ, D'Silva V, Shea LL. Hospital Inpatient Stays for Autistic Youth and Youth With Other Disabilities. Pediatrics 2022; 149:185642. [PMID: 35363287 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-049437r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Addressing health care needs is complex in autistic youth for many reasons. Increased inpatient care that has been noted in this population, particularly for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs), may be a marker of inadequate primary and outpatient care. METHODS This study used data from hospital inpatient discharges from the National Inpatient Sample 2017. The prevalence, average length of stay, and the average cost per day of the 10 most common principal diagnoses for index stay were calculated for autistic youth and youth with mental, behavioral, and other neurodevelopmental disabilities (MBND), ages 0 to 17. RESULTS Of every 1000 inpatient stays, 7.3 were for autistic youth and 65.2 for youth with MBND. The rate varied by US region and zip code-level household income. The most common diagnosis associated with stays in autistic youth was mood disorders, as in youth with MBND. Nearly all top 10 principal diagnoses for autistic youth were for ACSCs. The highest average cost per day for autistic youth was for physical injuries ($4320 per day), and the longest stays were for schizophrenia (14 days). CONCLUSIONS High occurrence of ACSCs in autistic youth suggests that primary care may not adequately address health and mental health needs. Clinical complexity and autism characteristics may be impacting care received in the hospital. Additional considerations need to explore and examine care complexity, racial and ethnic disparities, and the large portion of Medicaid-covered youth. Strategies for the provision of care to these vulnerable populations are of great concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Rast
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anne M Roux
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Vera D'Silva
- Robert Wood Johnson Barnabas Health Monmouth Medical Center, Children's Crisis Intervention Services, Long Branch, New Jersey
| | - Lindsay L Shea
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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10
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Ozbaran B, Kose S, Barankoglu I, Dogan N. Inpatient Care Unit in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Benefits, Difficulties, and Conditions of Hospitalization. J Nerv Ment Dis 2022; 210:206-211. [PMID: 34643184 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that affects social interactions and behavior. The number of children and adolescents with ASD treated in mental health services has been growing in recent years. Knowing clinical and familial characteristics of hospitalized patients with ASD and multidisciplinary approach are crucial for children and adolescents mental health professionals. In this study, 253 Turkish children and adolescents, with and without ASD, treated in psychiatry inpatient care unit were examined. Applied approaches such as medical consultation areas, psychiatric management of mothers, and pharmacological treatment during hospitalization, were studied. In addition to familial and clinical characteristics of patients with ASD, the benefits and the hospitalization conditions were evaluated. Patients with ASD showed a higher tendency on having relatives with a psychiatric disorder than the patients without ASD. A significant difference was found in terms of age, sex, and intellectual functioning, whereas length of stay did not differ drastically. Also, suicide attempts were significantly higher in patients without ASD than in patients with ASD. This study eases the management of hospitalized ASD patients with giving important information of clinical and familial characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Ozbaran
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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11
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Campbell K, Cunningham S, Neeley A, Young PC, Stoddard G, Stone B, Carbone PS. Ratings of Physician Communication by Caregivers of Hospitalized Children With and Without Autism. Hosp Pediatr 2021; 11:547-553. [PMID: 33972349 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2020-005787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To investigate caregivers' perceptions of physician communication and hospital ratings for hospitalized children with and without autism and assess associations between perceived quality of physician communication and overall ratings of the hospital. METHODS We studied survey data from caregivers of 543 patients with autism compared with a 2:1 matched control sample of 1086 patients with similar characteristics but without autism from a single children's hospital. We analyzed survey items related to physician communication and hospital ratings from the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Physicians and Systems Child Hospital Survey. We constructed multivariable regression models to examine the relationship between caregiver-perceived physician communication and caregivers' overall ratings of the hospital. RESULTS A similar proportion of caregivers of children with and without autism reported that doctors "always" listened carefully to them (71.4% vs 74.3%; adjusted prevalence ratio 0.96; 95% confidence interval 0.90-1.03) and "always" treated them with respect (80.0% vs 84.1%; adjusted prevalence ratio 0.95; 95% confidence interval 0.90-1.00). Caregivers of children with autism were less likely to "definitely" recommend the hospital (87.0% vs 92.3%; adjusted prevalence ratio 0.94; 95% confidence interval 0.91-0.98). All items related to caregiver-perceived physician communication were associated with the highest hospital rating and the highest recommendation of the hospital in both groups. CONCLUSIONS When matched on the basis of medical and social factors, caregivers of children with and without autism reported similar frequencies of highest-quality physician communication. Improvement of physician communication with caregivers of medically and socially complex children with and without autism may improve caregivers' overall ratings of the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Campbell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and
| | - Sean Cunningham
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and
| | - Allison Neeley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and.,Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Paul C Young
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and
| | - Gregory Stoddard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and
| | - Bryan Stone
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and
| | - Paul S Carbone
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and
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12
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Walls M, Zuckerman KE, Broder-Fingert S. Recommendations for Improving the Family Experience for Hospitalized Children With Autism. Hosp Pediatr 2021; 11:e101-e103. [PMID: 33972348 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2020-005090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Walls
- Division of Academic General Pediatrics, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Katharine E Zuckerman
- Division of General Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; and
| | - Sarabeth Broder-Fingert
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center and Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
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13
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Christiansen A, Harstad E, Sideridis G, Weissman L. Development of a Training Curriculum for Hospital Security About Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2021; 42:191-197. [PMID: 33264256 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000000888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether a newly developed autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-training curriculum for hospital security officers improves comfort, knowledge, and practice. METHODS Participants were security officers. The ASD-training curriculum was a 45-minute interactive session, adapted from trainings developed for other types of hospital providers. The curriculum included information regarding the presentation of, and challenges faced by, children with ASD in the hospital setting. Officers completed surveys before (T1), immediately after (T2), and 3 months after (T3) the training to assess comfort, knowledge, and practice. Comfort (Likert scale 1-5; 5 = highest) and knowledge (11 yes/no questions) questions were adapted from previous measures. Application of skills was assessed using case scenarios (at T1, T2, and T3) and with officers' report of using various strategies (at T1 and T3; Likert scale 1-5; 5 = always). Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance and a series of paired contrast. RESULTS For the 114 officers who completed surveys, mean comfort scores significantly increased from T1 to T2 (3.48 vs 3.9; p < 0.05), and these gains were maintained at T3 (4.1). Mean percent correct on knowledge questions significantly increased from T1 to T2 (74.6% vs 84.0%; p < 0.05) and was maintained at T3 (82.9%). Officers reported using 2 ASD-supportive strategies significantly more between T1 and T3: using pictures and written communication and asking the caregivers for advice. CONCLUSION This newly developed ASD-training curriculum for hospital security officers resulted in an immediate increase of self-reported comfort and demonstrated knowledge with continued gains 3 months after training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Christiansen
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Elizabeth Harstad
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Georgios Sideridis
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Laura Weissman
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA
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14
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Abstract
Neurodevelopmental impairments have been recognised as a major association of paediatric kidney disease and bladder dysfunction, presenting challenges to clinicians and families to provide reasonable adjustments in order to allow access to investigations and treatments. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by impairments in social interaction/communication and repetitive sensory-motor behaviours. Mental health, learning and physical co-morbidities are common. There is emerging evidence that ASD and kidney disease have some overlaps with genetic copy number variants and environmental factors contributing to shared pathogenesis. Prevalence rates of ASD in kidney disease are currently not known. A high index of suspicion of underlying ASD is required when a young person presents with communication difficulties, anxiety or behaviour that challenges, which should then trigger referral for a neurodevelopmental and behavioural assessment. We discuss practical approaches for providing care, which include understanding methods of communication and sensory, behavioural and environmental adaptations.
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15
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Bowden N, Thabrew H, Kokaua J, Audas R, Milne B, Smiler K, Stace H, Taylor B, Gibb S. Autism spectrum disorder/Takiwātanga: An Integrated Data Infrastructure-based approach to autism spectrum disorder research in New Zealand. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2020; 24:2213-2227. [PMID: 32677449 PMCID: PMC7542998 DOI: 10.1177/1362361320939329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
New Zealand has few estimates of the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder and no national registry. The use of administrative data sources is expanding and could be useful in autism spectrum disorder research. However, the extent to which autism spectrum disorder can be captured in these data sources is unknown. In this study, we utilised three linked administrative health data sources from the Integrated Data Infrastructure to identify cases of autism spectrum disorder among New Zealand children and young people. We then investigated the extent to which a range of mental health, neurodevelopmental and related problems co-occur with autism spectrum disorder. In total, 9555 unique individuals aged 0–24 with autism spectrum disorder were identified. The identification rate for 8-year-olds was 1 in 102. Co-occurring mental health or related problems were noted in 68% of the autism spectrum disorder group. The most common co-occurring conditions were intellectual disability, disruptive behaviours and emotional problems. Although data from the Integrated Data Infrastructure may currently undercount cases of autism spectrum disorder, they could be useful for monitoring service and treatment-related trends, types of co-occurring conditions and for examining social outcomes. With further refinement, the Integrated Data Infrastructure could prove valuable for informing the national incidence and prevalence of autism spectrum disorder and the long-term effectiveness of clinical guidelines and interventions for this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Bowden
- A Better Start National Science Challenge, New Zealand.,University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Hiran Thabrew
- A Better Start National Science Challenge, New Zealand.,The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jesse Kokaua
- A Better Start National Science Challenge, New Zealand.,University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Richard Audas
- A Better Start National Science Challenge, New Zealand.,University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Barry Milne
- A Better Start National Science Challenge, New Zealand.,The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Barry Taylor
- A Better Start National Science Challenge, New Zealand.,University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Sheree Gibb
- A Better Start National Science Challenge, New Zealand.,University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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16
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Vasa RA, Hagopian L, Kalb LG. Investigating mental health crisis in youth with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2019; 13:112-121. [DOI: 10.1002/aur.2224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roma A. Vasa
- Center for Autism and Related DisordersKennedy Krieger Institute Baltimore Maryland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland
| | - Louis Hagopian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland
- Department of Behavioral PsychologyKennedy Krieger Institute Baltimore Maryland
| | - Luke G. Kalb
- Center for Autism and Related DisordersKennedy Krieger Institute Baltimore Maryland
- Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland
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17
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Jensen EJ, Geisthardt C, Sarigiani PA. Working with Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Medical Setting: Insights from Certified Child Life Specialists. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 50:189-198. [PMID: 31583622 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04245-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to gain an understanding of Certified Child Life Specialists' (CCLS) experiences with and suggestions for working with children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in a medical setting. Using a mixed-method design, 118 CCLS completed an online survey and 16 participated in follow-up interviews. Participants believed many medical professionals, including CCLS, are not adequately prepared to work with children with ASD, negatively impacting quality of care. Participants emphasized that outcomes are best for children with ASD when parents and medical staff collaborate to meet the unique needs of each child. CCLS reported working with children with ASD can provide insights for enhancing the quality of care for all children. Participants' suggestions for training and resource development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Jensen
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Education and Human Services, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Cheryl Geisthardt
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Education and Human Services, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA. .,Department of Human Development and Family Studies, 412B Education and Human Services, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA.
| | - Pamela A Sarigiani
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Education and Human Services, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
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18
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Goodwin MS, Mazefsky CA, Ioannidis S, Erdogmus D, Siegel M. Predicting aggression to others in youth with autism using a wearable biosensor. Autism Res 2019; 12:1286-1296. [PMID: 31225952 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Unpredictable and potentially dangerous aggressive behavior by youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can isolate them from foundational educational, social, and familial activities, thereby markedly exacerbating morbidity and costs associated with ASD. This study investigates whether preceding physiological and motion data measured by a wrist-worn biosensor can predict aggression to others by youth with ASD. We recorded peripheral physiological (cardiovascular and electrodermal activity) and motion (accelerometry) signals from a biosensor worn by 20 youth with ASD (ages 6-17 years, 75% male, 85% minimally verbal) during 69 independent naturalistic observation sessions with concurrent behavioral coding in a specialized inpatient psychiatry unit. We developed prediction models based on ridge-regularized logistic regression. Our results suggest that aggression to others can be predicted 1 min before it occurs using 3 min of prior biosensor data with an average area under the curve of 0.71 for a global model and 0.84 for person-dependent models. The biosensor was well tolerated, we obtained useable data in all cases, and no users withdrew from the study. Relatively high predictive accuracy was achieved using antecedent physiological and motion data. Larger trials are needed to further establish an ideal ratio of measurement density to predictive accuracy and reliability. These findings lay the groundwork for the future development of precursor behavior analysis and just-in-time adaptive intervention systems to prevent or mitigate the emergence, occurrence, and impact of aggression in ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1286-1296. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Unpredictable aggression can create a barrier to accessing community, therapeutic, medical, and educational services. The present study evaluated whether data from a wearable biosensor can be used to predict aggression to others by youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Results demonstrate that aggression to others can be predicted 1 min before it occurs with high accuracy, laying the groundwork for the future development of preemptive behavioral interventions and just-in-time adaptive intervention systems to prevent or mitigate the emergence, occurrence, and impact of aggression to others in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Goodwin
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carla A Mazefsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stratis Ioannidis
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deniz Erdogmus
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Siegel
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, Maine
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19
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Weiss JA, Isaacs B, Diepstra H, Wilton AS, Brown HK, McGarry C, Lunsky Y. Health Concerns and Health Service Utilization in a Population Cohort of Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 48:36-44. [PMID: 28900771 PMCID: PMC5760600 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have many health needs that place demands on the health service sector. This study used administrative data to compare health profiles in young adults 18–24 years of age with ASD to peers with and without other developmental disability. Young adults with ASD were more likely to have almost all the examined clinical health issues and health service use indicators compared to peers without developmental disability. They were more likely to have at least one psychiatric diagnosis, and visit the family physician, pediatrician, psychiatrist, and emergency department for psychiatric reasons, compared to peers with other developmental disability. Planning for the mental health care of transition age adults with ASD is an important priority for health policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Weiss
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele St., 230 Behavioural Sciences Building, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | | | | | - Andrew S Wilton
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hilary K Brown
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Studies, University of Toronto Scarborough, Scarborough, ON, Canada
| | | | - Yona Lunsky
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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20
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Pan Z, Granger DA, Guérin NA, Shoffner A, Gabriels RL. Replication Pilot Trial of Therapeutic Horseback Riding and Cortisol Collection With Children on the Autism Spectrum. Front Vet Sci 2019; 5:312. [PMID: 30693284 PMCID: PMC6339889 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine whether results of our prior randomized control trial [RCT; NCT02301195, (1)] of Therapeutic Horseback Riding (THR) for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) could be replicated at a different riding center and if treatment effects also included differences in the expression of associations between problem behavior and the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Participants with ASD (N = 16) ages 6-16 years were randomized by nonverbal intelligence quotient to either a 10-week THR group (n = 8) or no horse interaction barn activity (BA) control group (n = 8). Outcome measures were a standard speech-language sample and caregiver-report of aberrant and social behaviors. Participants' saliva was sampled weekly at a consistent afternoon time immediately pre- and 20 min' post-condition (later assayed for cortisol). Intent-to-treat analysis revealed that compared to controls, THR participants had significant improvements in hyperactivity, and social awareness, and significant improvements at the 0.1 significance level in irritability and social communication behaviors. There were no significant improvements in number of words or new words spoken during the standard language sample. Linear mixed effects model analysis indicated that greater weekly pre-lesson irritability levels were associated with smaller post-lesson reduction in salivary cortisol levels, and greater weekly pre-lesson hyperactivity levels were associated with smaller cortisol reduction in the THR group, but not in the BA control group. The findings represent a partial replication of prior results (1), extend prior observations to include THR effects on biobehavioral relationships and suggest that cortisol could be a target mediator for THR effects on irritability and hyperactivity behaviors in youth with ASD. Clinical Trial Registration: Trial of Therapeutic Horseback Riding in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder; http://clinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT02301195.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxing Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Douglas A. Granger
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Bloomberg School of Public Health and School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Noémie A. Guérin
- Center for the Human-Animal Bond of Purdue, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Amy Shoffner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Robin L. Gabriels
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
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21
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Righi G, Benevides J, Mazefsky C, Siegel M, Sheinkopf SJ, Morrow EM. Predictors of Inpatient Psychiatric Hospitalization for Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2018; 48:3647-3657. [PMID: 28536960 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3154-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is associated with significant healthcare expenditures and a greater utilization of psychiatric health services. High utilization may not be evenly distributed across individuals with ASD. The objective of this study was to identify individual and family characteristics that increase the risk of psychiatric hospitalization. Naturalistic study of two age- and gender-matched ASD cohorts, inpatients enrolled in the Autism Inpatient Collection (AIC) and outpatients enrolled in the Rhode Island Consortium of Autism Research and Treatment (RI-CART), revealed a number of factors associated with hospitalization. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that adaptive functioning, ASD symptom severity, primary caregiver's marital status, the presence of mood disorders, and the presence of sleep problems independently increased the risk of psychiatric hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Righi
- Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, 1011 Veterans Memorial Parkway, East Providence, RI, 02915, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 700 Butler Dr, Providence, RI, 02906, USA. .,Division of Biology and Medicine, Rhode Island Consortium for Autism Research and Treatment (RI-CART), and the Hassenfeld Child Health Innovation Institute (HCHII), Brown University, 1011 Veterans Memorial Parkway, East Providence, RI, 02915, USA.
| | - Jill Benevides
- Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, 1011 Veterans Memorial Parkway, East Providence, RI, 02915, USA
| | - Carla Mazefsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Matthew Siegel
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Spring Harbor Hospital, Tufts University School of Medicine, 123 Andover Road, Westbrook, ME, 04092, USA
| | - Stephen J Sheinkopf
- Women and Infant's Hospital, 101 Dudley street, Providence, RI, 02905, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 700 Butler Dr, Providence, RI, 02906, USA.,Division of Biology and Medicine, Rhode Island Consortium for Autism Research and Treatment (RI-CART), and the Hassenfeld Child Health Innovation Institute (HCHII), Brown University, 1011 Veterans Memorial Parkway, East Providence, RI, 02915, USA.,Rhode Island Consortium for Autism Research and Treatment (RI-CART), and the Hassenfeld Child Health Innovation Institute, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 101 Dudley street, Providence, RI, 02905, USA
| | - Eric M Morrow
- Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, 1011 Veterans Memorial Parkway, East Providence, RI, 02915, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 700 Butler Dr, Providence, RI, 02906, USA.,Division of Biology and Medicine, Rhode Island Consortium for Autism Research and Treatment (RI-CART), and the Hassenfeld Child Health Innovation Institute (HCHII), Brown University, 1011 Veterans Memorial Parkway, East Providence, RI, 02915, USA
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22
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Zhang W, Eshghi M. Brief Report: Regional Variations in Characteristics of ASD Hospitalizations in the U.S. J Autism Dev Disord 2018; 49:1289-1297. [PMID: 30443701 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-018-3826-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Regional differences in ASD inpatient care remain understudied. We used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample to examine contributory causes and potential determinants associated with regional variations in ASD hospitalizations. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses to identify differences in ASD hospitalizations across four U.S. Census Bureau-defined regions. Our results revealed considerable variations in ASD hospitalizations across U.S. regions. Compared with patients in the Northeast, those in the Midwest, South, and West were less likely to be hospitalized for ASD. Significant differences were observed among regions with regard to the effect of health insurance type, hospital length of stay, hospital bed size, hospital location and teaching status on ASD hospitalizations. The region-specific analysis provides direction for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Zhang
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 321 S. Columbia Street, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7122, USA.
| | - Marziye Eshghi
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 321 S. Columbia Street, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7122, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, USA
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23
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Development and Evaluation of an Educational Initiative to Improve Hospital Personnel Preparedness to Care for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2018; 39:358-364. [PMID: 29794887 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000000580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of a multimodal educational curriculum on increasing hospital personnel's awareness of successful strategies and comfort in caring for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS We developed a 3-part training for front-line staff (i.e., front desk, clinical assistants, and phlebotomists) in 8 outpatient hospital departments frequented by patients with ASD. Following a needs assessment, participants completed an online educational module and then attended an in-person seminar tailored to each department. To evaluate training effectiveness, we administered pre-, immediate post-, and 1 month post-training surveys assessing personnel attitudes, comfort, perceived knowledge, and behaviors around caring for patients with ASD. RESULTS We trained 168 staff members from 8 departments. On the needs assessment, participants (N = 129) reported a mean 2.5 behavioral incidents involving patients with ASD over the previous 3 months; 92% believed that the training would be helpful for their work. Across pre-, immediate- and 1-month post-training surveys, scores improved on all questions related to personnel attitudes about the importance of ASD-friendly care, comfort interacting with patients with ASD, perceived knowledge about ASD, and self-reported frequency of behaviors intended to help children with ASD adjust to the hospital setting (p < 0.05). There was no difference in baseline scores or change in scores between clinical and nonclinical personnel. On a program evaluation (N = 57), 81% rated the training as "very good" or "excellent," and 87% reported that they would be able to apply training material immediately to their role. CONCLUSION This training initiative led to improvement in attitudes, comfort level, perceived knowledge, and self-reported behaviors of hospital personnel working with patients with ASD, which was maintained over 1 month.
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24
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McGuire K, Siegel M. Psychiatric hospital treatment of youth with autism spectrum disorder in the United States: needs, outcomes, and policy. Int Rev Psychiatry 2018. [PMID: 29537885 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2018.1433134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are admitted to inpatient psychiatric units at markedly high rates. As health insurance companies and government healthcare systems and regulators seek more evidence for healthcare outcomes, it is important to learn more about the effectiveness of psychiatric inpatient admissions for children with ASD to best inform decisions on provision and access to this level of care. Evidence for models of inpatient treatment for youth with ASD is presented, and key characteristics and consensus recommendations for care are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly McGuire
- a Center For Autism and Developmental Disorders , Maine Behavioral Healthcare and Tufts University School of Medicine , South Portland , ME , USA
| | - Matthew Siegel
- b Developmental Disorders Service, Maine Behavioral Healthcare , Maine Medical Center Research Institute and Tufts University School of Medicine , South Portland , ME , USA
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25
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Pedersen KA, Santangelo SL, Gabriels RL, Righi G, Erard M, Siegel M. Behavioral Outcomes of Specialized Psychiatric Hospitalization in the Autism Inpatient Collection (AIC): A Multisite Comparison. J Autism Dev Disord 2017; 48:3658-3667. [PMID: 29170939 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3366-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric hospitalization of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is relatively common and occurs at a higher rate than in non-ASD youth. This study compared changes in the severity of serious problem behaviors in 350 youth with ASD enrolled in the autism inpatient collection during and after hospitalization in six specialized child psychiatry units. There was a significant reduction in serious problem behaviors from admission (aberrant behavior checklist-irritability subscale M = 29.7, SD 9.6) to discharge (M = 15.0, SD 10.3) and 2-month follow-up (M = 19.3, SD 10.3). Between discharge and 2-month follow-up, tantrum-like behaviors but not self-injurious behaviors increased slightly. Improvement in the severity of problem behaviors was not uniform across sites, even after controlling for measured site differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahsi A Pedersen
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 509 Forest Avenue, Portland, ME, 04101, USA. .,Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02110, USA.
| | - Susan L Santangelo
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 509 Forest Avenue, Portland, ME, 04101, USA.,Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02110, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Maine Medical Center, 22 Bramhall Road, Portland, ME, 04102, USA
| | - Robin L Gabriels
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13123 E. 16th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Giulia Righi
- Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Michael Erard
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 509 Forest Avenue, Portland, ME, 04101, USA
| | - Matthew Siegel
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 509 Forest Avenue, Portland, ME, 04101, USA.,Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02110, USA.,Developmental Disorders Program, Spring Harbor Hospital, 123 Andover Road, Westbrook, ME, 04092, USA
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26
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School Discipline, Hospitalization, and Police Contact Overlap Among Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2017; 48:883-891. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3359-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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27
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Safety Profile of Children in an Enclosure Bed. CLIN NURSE SPEC 2016; 31:36-44. [PMID: 27906732 DOI: 10.1097/nur.0000000000000261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pediatric nurses care for many children in the hospital setting whose behavioral challenges can impact safety. One intervention utilized to prevent injury and improve safety when caring for this population of children has been the enclosure bed. Scant information was found in the literature that discusses the use of the enclosure bed in the pediatric setting. The purpose of this article is to examine the use of the enclosure bed in the pediatric setting. A secondary aim is to identify the population of children where an enclosure bed was implemented and the safety factors associated with use of the enclosure bed. METHODS An exploratory retrospective chart review was conducted of 208 pediatric enclosure bed encounters in an acute care setting over a 2-year period. Variables included demographics, length of stay and bed use, behavioral medications, restraint and sitter usage, skin breakdown, fall risk, and falls. RESULTS Three categories of children based on cognitive function, no cognitive impairment, new cognitive impairment, and congenital cognitive impairment, were extracted from the chart review. Significant differences were found between groups of children and between safety variables observed with enclosure bed use. Children with new-onset cognitive impairment were more likely to incur falls, skin breakdown, and injury during use of the enclosure bed. CONCLUSION Use of the enclosure bed is a reasonable intervention in certain children to ensure their safety in the hospital setting. This information will enhance nursing knowledge related to providing safe and optimal care of this challenging population of children.
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28
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Roane HS, Fisher WW, Carr JE. Applied Behavior Analysis as Treatment for Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Pediatr 2016; 175:27-32. [PMID: 27179552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry S Roane
- Department of Pediatrics, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY.
| | - Wayne W Fisher
- University of Nebraska Medical Center's Munroe-Meyer Institute, Omaha, NE
| | - James E Carr
- Behavior Analyst Certification Board, Littleton, CO
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29
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Health and Health Service Use of Youth and Young Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. CURRENT DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40474-016-0082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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Broder-Fingert S, Shui A, Ferrone C, Iannuzzi D, Cheng ER, Giauque A, Connors S, McDougle CJ, Donelan K, Neumeyer A, Kuhlthau K. A Pilot Study of Autism-Specific Care Plans During Hospital Admission. Pediatrics 2016; 137 Suppl 2:S196-204. [PMID: 26908475 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2015-2851r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Hospital admissions can be difficult for patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We created an autism-specific care plan (ACP) to help improve the hospital experience for patients with ASD, and we tested feasibility and acceptability and compared the experience of care for children with and without an ACP. METHODS We performed a nonrandomized, retrospective chart review of all patients with ASD and a hospital admission from January 2013 to December 2013 (n = 142) to determine feasibility of the intervention. We then mailed surveys to all 142 families to measure experience with the ACP and to compare experience of care in those who did and did not have an ACP. Using multivariable linear regression we assessed the association of experience of care with ACP use while adjusting for covariates. RESULTS The ACP was well tolerated by parents and used frequently by staff. Compared with parents who did not use the ACP, parents who used the ACP reported a better experience relating to their general hospital experience (B = 1.48, P < .001) and staff attention to their child's ASD-specific needs (B = 3.07, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS According to this pilot study, care plans are feasible and hold promise to improve the experience of care for children with ASD and their families in the hospital setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarabeth Broder-Fingert
- Boston Medical Center, Division of General Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of General Academic Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Lurie Center for Autism, MassGeneral Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Lexington, Massachusetts; and
| | | | - Christine Ferrone
- Lurie Center for Autism, MassGeneral Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Lexington, Massachusetts; and
| | - Dorothea Iannuzzi
- Lurie Center for Autism, MassGeneral Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Lexington, Massachusetts; and
| | - Erika R Cheng
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ann Giauque
- Lurie Center for Autism, MassGeneral Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Lexington, Massachusetts; and
| | - Susan Connors
- Lurie Center for Autism, MassGeneral Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Lexington, Massachusetts; and
| | - Christopher J McDougle
- Lurie Center for Autism, MassGeneral Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Lexington, Massachusetts; and
| | - Karen Donelan
- Mongan Institute for Health Policy, MassGeneral Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ann Neumeyer
- Lurie Center for Autism, MassGeneral Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Lexington, Massachusetts; and
| | - Karen Kuhlthau
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Schlenz AM, Carpenter LA, Bradley C, Charles J, Boan A. Age Differences in Emergency Department Visits and Inpatient Hospitalizations in Preadolescent and Adolescent Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders. J Autism Dev Disord 2015; 45:2382-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-015-2405-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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