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Riaz MA, Mecha EO, Omwandho COA, Zeppernick F, Meinhold-Heerlein I, Konrad L. The Different Gene Expression Profile in the Eutopic and Ectopic Endometrium Sheds New Light on the Endometrial Seed in Endometriosis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1276. [PMID: 38927483 PMCID: PMC11201009 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The changes in endometrial cells, both in the eutopic endometrium of patients with and without endometriosis and in lesions at ectopic sites, are frequently described and often compared to tumorigenesis. In tumorigenesis, the concept of "seed and soil" is well established. The seed refers to tumor cells with metastatic potential, and the soil is any organ or tissue that provides a suitable environment for the seed to grow. In this systematic review (PRISMA-S), we specifically compared the development of endometriosis with the "seed and soil" hypothesis. To determine changes in the endometrial seed, we re-analyzed the mRNA expression data of the eutopic and ectopic endometrium, paying special attention to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We found that the similarity between eutopic endometrium without and with endometriosis is extremely high (~99.1%). In contrast, the eutopic endometrium of patients with endometriosis has a similarity of only 95.3% with the ectopic endometrium. An analysis of EMT-associated genes revealed only minor differences in the mRNA expression levels of claudin family members without the loss of other cell-cell junctions that are critical for the epithelial phenotype. The array data suggest that the changes in the eutopic endometrium (=seed) are quite subtle at the beginning of the disease and that most of the differences occur after implantation into ectopic locations (=soil).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Assad Riaz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.A.R.); (F.Z.); (I.M.-H.)
| | | | | | - Felix Zeppernick
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.A.R.); (F.Z.); (I.M.-H.)
| | - Ivo Meinhold-Heerlein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.A.R.); (F.Z.); (I.M.-H.)
| | - Lutz Konrad
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.A.R.); (F.Z.); (I.M.-H.)
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Chen JP, Zhang YY, Jin JN, Ying Y, Song ZM, Xu QQ, Tu MX, Ye XH, Tang HN, Ni FD, Ying YY, Li JY, Zhang D. Effects of dysregulated glucose metabolism on the occurrence and ART outcome of endometriosis. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:305. [PMID: 37649072 PMCID: PMC10466766 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01280-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is associated with systemic metabolic indicators, including body mass index (BMI), glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism, while the association between metabolic indexes and the occurrence and assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcome of endometriosis is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the characteristics of systemic metabolic indexes of endometriosis patients with infertility and their effects on pregnancy outcome after ART treatment. METHODS A retrospective cohort study involve 412 endometriosis patients and 1551 controls was conducted. Primary outcome was metabolic indexes, and secondary measures consisted of the influence of metabolic indexes on the number of retrieved oocytes and ART outcomes. RESULTS Endometriosis patients had higher insulin (INS) [6.90(5.10-9.50) vs 6.50(4.80-8.90) μU/mL, P = 0.005]. A prediction model for endometriosis combining the number of previous pregnancies, CA125, fasting blood glucose (Glu) and INS, had a sensitivity of 73.9%, specificity of 67.8% and area under curve (AUC) of 0.77. There were no significant differences in ART outcomes and complications during pregnancy. The serum levels of Glu before pregnancy were associated with GDM both in endometriosis group (aOR 12.95, 95% CI 1.69-99.42, P = 0.014) and in control group (aOR 4.15, 95% CI 1.50-11.53, P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS We found serum Glu is related to the number of retrieved oocytes in control group, serum INS is related to the number of retrieved oocytes in endometriosis group, while serum Glu and INS before pregnancy are related to the occurrence of GDM in two groups. A prediction model based on metabolic indexes was established, representing a promising non-invasive method to predict endometriosis patients with known pregnancy history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Ni Jin
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Ying
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Min Song
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Qi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Mi-Xue Tu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan-Na Tang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Da Ni
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yun Ying
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Marla S, Mortlock S, Yoon S, Crawford J, Andersen S, Mueller MD, McKinnon B, Nguyen Q, Montgomery GW. Global Analysis of Transcription Start Sites and Enhancers in Endometrial Stromal Cells and Differences Associated with Endometriosis. Cells 2023; 12:1736. [PMID: 37443771 PMCID: PMC10340717 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying tissue-specific molecular signatures of active regulatory elements is critical to understanding gene regulatory mechanisms. In this study, transcription start sites (TSS) and enhancers were identified using Cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) across endometrial stromal cell (ESC) samples obtained from women with (n = 4) and without endometriosis (n = 4). ESC TSSs and enhancers were compared to those reported in other tissue and cell types in FANTOM5 and were integrated with RNA-seq and ATAC-seq data from the same samples for regulatory activity and network analyses. CAGE tag count differences between women with and without endometriosis were statistically tested and tags within close proximity to genetic variants associated with endometriosis risk were identified. Over 90% of tag clusters mapping to promoters were observed in cells and tissues in FANTOM5. However, some potential cell-type-specific promoters and enhancers were also observed. Regions of open chromatin identified using ATAC-seq provided further evidence of the active transcriptional regions identified by CAGE. Despite the small sample number, there was evidence of differences associated with endometriosis at 210 consensus clusters, including IGFBP5, CALD1 and OXTR. ESC TSSs were also located within loci associated with endometriosis risk from genome-wide association studies. This study provides novel evidence of transcriptional differences in endometrial stromal cells associated with endometriosis and provides a valuable cell-type specific resource of active TSSs and enhancers in endometrial stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Marla
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.M.); (S.M.); (B.M.); (Q.N.)
| | - Sally Mortlock
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.M.); (S.M.); (B.M.); (Q.N.)
| | - Sohye Yoon
- The Genome Innovation Hub, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.Y.); (J.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Joanna Crawford
- The Genome Innovation Hub, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.Y.); (J.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Stacey Andersen
- The Genome Innovation Hub, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.Y.); (J.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Michael D. Mueller
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Berne, Switzerland;
| | - Brett McKinnon
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.M.); (S.M.); (B.M.); (Q.N.)
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Berne, Switzerland;
| | - Quan Nguyen
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.M.); (S.M.); (B.M.); (Q.N.)
| | - Grant W. Montgomery
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.M.); (S.M.); (B.M.); (Q.N.)
- The Genome Innovation Hub, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.Y.); (J.C.); (S.A.)
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Laganà AS, Garzon S, Götte M, Viganò P, Franchi M, Ghezzi F, Martin DC. The Pathogenesis of Endometriosis: Molecular and Cell Biology Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5615. [PMID: 31717614 PMCID: PMC6888544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiopathogenesis of endometriosis is a multifactorial process resulting in a heterogeneous disease. Considering that endometriosis etiology and pathogenesis are still far from being fully elucidated, the current review aims to offer a comprehensive summary of the available evidence. We performed a narrative review synthesizing the findings of the English literature retrieved from computerized databases from inception to June 2019, using the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) unique ID term "Endometriosis" (ID:D004715) with "Etiology" (ID:Q000209), "Immunology" (ID:Q000276), "Genetics" (ID:D005823) and "Epigenesis, Genetic" (ID:D044127). Endometriosis may origin from Müllerian or non-Müllerian stem cells including those from the endometrial basal layer, Müllerian remnants, bone marrow, or the peritoneum. The innate ability of endometrial stem cells to regenerate cyclically seems to play a key role, as well as the dysregulated hormonal pathways. The presence of such cells in the peritoneal cavity and what leads to the development of endometriosis is a complex process with a large number of interconnected factors, potentially both inherited and acquired. Genetic predisposition is complex and related to the combined action of several genes with limited influence. The epigenetic mechanisms control many of the processes involved in the immunologic, immunohistochemical, histological, and biological aberrations that characterize the eutopic and ectopic endometrium in affected patients. However, what triggers such alterations is not clear and may be both genetically and epigenetically inherited, or it may be acquired by the particular combination of several elements such as the persistent peritoneal menstrual reflux as well as exogenous factors. The heterogeneity of endometriosis and the different contexts in which it develops suggest that a single etiopathogenetic model is not sufficient to explain its complex pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Simone Laganà
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Filippo Del Ponte” Hospital, University of Insubria, Piazza Biroldi 1, 21100 Varese, Italy; (S.G.); (F.G.)
| | - Simone Garzon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Filippo Del Ponte” Hospital, University of Insubria, Piazza Biroldi 1, 21100 Varese, Italy; (S.G.); (F.G.)
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, D-48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Paola Viganò
- Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20136 Milan, Italy;
| | - Massimo Franchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AOUI Verona, University of Verona, Piazzale Aristide Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, Italy;
| | - Fabio Ghezzi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Filippo Del Ponte” Hospital, University of Insubria, Piazza Biroldi 1, 21100 Varese, Italy; (S.G.); (F.G.)
| | - Dan C. Martin
- School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 910 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
- Virginia Commonwealth University, 907 Floyd Ave, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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Barrera Villa Zevallos H, Markham R, Manconi F. The nervous system and genomics in endometriosis. JOURNAL OF ENDOMETRIOSIS AND PELVIC PAIN DISORDERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2284026518813487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a gynaecological disease that occurs in approximately 10% to 15% of women of reproductive age and up to 47% of infertile women. The presence of implants of endometrial-like glands and stroma outside the uterus, characteristic of this disease, induce a wide variety of symptoms, mainly pelvic pain and infertility. Women suffering from this condition experience great distress, which significantly affects their quality of life. Numerous studies attempting to decipher the pathogenic mechanisms of endometriosis have been conducted around the world, yet its aetiology still remains unknown. It is widely believed that in women with endometriosis, the endometrium has characteristic features that allow the formation of implants once fragments have entered the peritoneal cavity through retrograde menstruation. Furthermore, a strong genetic tendency to develop the disease has been reported among patients and first-degree relatives. Thanks to the recent technological advances achieved in genomics and bioinformatics, a number of studies have had the potential to analyse several aspects of the pathogenesis of endometriosis from a genetic perspective. Due to the recent identification of nerve fibres in the endometrium of women with endometriosis, research on the neurogenesis of the disease has increased in the past few years. However, the genetic aspects of nerve growth in endometriosis have not been analysed in depth and further research providing important insights into the mechanisms that mediate pain in affected patients has the potential to contribute substantially to the future management of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Markham
- Discipline of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Neonatology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Frank Manconi
- Discipline of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Neonatology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Nothnick WB, Marsh C, Alali Z. Future Directions in Endometriosis Research and Therapeutics. CURRENT WOMENS HEALTH REVIEWS 2018; 14:189-194. [PMID: 31435203 DOI: 10.2174/1573404813666161221164810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Endometriosis is a disease common among women of reproductive age characterized by pain, anxiety and infertility. Defined as the growth of endometrial tissue in ectopic locations, endometriosis remains an enigmatic disease for which current treatments are less than ideal. Much of these shortcomings to current therapy stem from our incomplete understanding on the pathogenesis of the disease. It is generally accepted that endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease and, as such, the majority of treatment approaches aim at reducing estrogen action and/or production. Unfortunately, this approach is not effective in all women with endometriosis and in those women where success is achieved with their use, there is potential for health-comprising side effects. Objective The objective of this review is to summarize current approaches for treatment of endometriosis, discuss their limitations and potential reasons for lack of progress towards better therapeutics for this disease. Results In this review we summarize the current approaches for treatment of endometriosis, discuss their limitations and potential reasons for lack of progress towards better therapeutics for this disease. Conclusion Based upon the current state of knowledge, there is a strong necessity for through assessment at the level of the genome, miRNAome and proteome as well as the importance of integrating clinically-relevant endpoints in future studies which evaluate potential endometriosis therapies in experimental models of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren B Nothnick
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA.,Center for Reproductive Sciences, Institute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA
| | - Courtney Marsh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA.,Center for Reproductive Sciences, Institute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA
| | - Zahraa Alali
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA
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Kokcu A. A current view of the role of epigenetic changes in the aetiopathogenesis of endometriosis. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2015; 36:153-9. [PMID: 26467001 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2015.1036403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to examine the role of epigenetic changes in the aetiopathogenesis of endometriosis. The analysis and review of the relevant current literature in English language related to the role of epigenetic changes in the aetiopathogenesis of endometriosis. Epigenetic changes are common denominators for hormonal, immunological and inflammatory aberrations which play a key role in the aetiopathogenesis of endometriosis. Many internal and external factors may cause the different running of the epigenetic mechanism. As yet fully unknown genetic factors may increase the sensitivity of the epigenetic mechanism to various internal and external factors. The breakdown of epigenetic regulation is the main factor initiating the pathogenetic mechanisms for endometriosis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kokcu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Faculty of Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis , Samsun , Turkey
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8
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Sanchez AM, Viganò P, Somigliana E, Cioffi R, Panina-Bordignon P, Candiani M. The endometriotic tissue lining the internal surface of endometrioma: hormonal, genetic, epigenetic status, and gene expression profile. Reprod Sci 2015; 22:391-401. [PMID: 24700055 PMCID: PMC4812685 DOI: 10.1177/1933719114529374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian endometriomas are found in a consistent proportion of patients with endometriosis and are associated with a more severe form of the disease. The endometriotic tissue lining the inside of the endometrioma has been extensively studied over the years mostly for the need to compare the molecular and cellular characteristics of eutopic and ectopic endometria. Several aspects of hormonal regulation, response to local inflammation, carcinogenesis, and modifications of the local environment have been investigated in order to characterize also the processes associated with peritoneal endometriosis. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge of pathophysiology of endometrioma, with a particular focus on the cellular components lining the internal surface of the cyst in order to provide a comprehensive overview of the hormonal, genetic, epigenetic, and gene expression profiles of this essential part of the cyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Sanchez
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Viganò
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Edgardo Somigliana
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Neonatology, Fondazione Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Cioffi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Panina-Bordignon
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Candiani
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, Milano, Italy
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Ye TM, Pang RT, Leung CO, Chiu JF, Yeung WS. Two-dimensional liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry–based proteomic characterization of endometrial luminal epithelial surface proteins responsible for embryo implantation. Fertil Steril 2015; 103:853-61.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.12.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Guo J, Gao J, Yu X, Luo H, Xiong X, Huang O. Expression of DJ-1 and mTOR in eutopic and ectopic endometria of patients with endometriosis and adenomyosis. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2015; 79:195-200. [PMID: 25721338 DOI: 10.1159/000365569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endometrial cells may aberrantly express molecules involved in invasion and migration, leading to endometriosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of DJ-1 and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) in ectopic and eutopic endometria of endometriosis and adenomyosis. METHODS Endometrial specimens were obtained from healthy non-menopausal women (n = 17) or patients with ovarian endometriotic cysts (n = 48) or adenomyosis (n = 30) during January 2011 to June 2012. The expressions of DJ-1 and p-mTOR were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blotting methods. RESULTS The expressions of DJ-1 and p-mTOR were significantly higher in the ectopic endometria than those in the eutopic endometria of endometriosis and adenomyosis patients or normal endometria (FDR < 0.05). DJ-1 expression was positively correlated with the p-mTOR expression no matter at endometriosis (r = 0.736, FDR < 0.001) or adenomyosis (r = 0.809, FDR < 0.001). CONCLUSION DJ-1 protein may be involved in endometrial cells proliferation, migration and angiogenesis by modulating the PI3K/Akt/p-mTOR signaling pathway, which provides an underlying theoretical target for endometriosis and adenomyosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiubai Guo
- Medical Department of Graduate School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Mettler L, Ruprai R, Alkatout I. Impact of medical and surgical treatment of endometriosis on the cure of endometriosis and pain. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:264653. [PMID: 25580428 PMCID: PMC4279262 DOI: 10.1155/2014/264653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This endometriosis study evaluates three different treatment strategies (hormonal medication, surgical, or combined treatment) and discusses the influence of endometriosis on the cure of this disease and pain relief. Four hundred and fifty patients with genital endometriosis, aged 18-44 years, were randomly distributed to three treatment groups at the first laparoscopy. They were reevaluated at a second-look laparoscopy (D 426/10), one to two months after the three-month hormonal therapy for groups 1 and 3 and five to six months later for group 2 (surgical treatment alone). Outcome data focussed on the recurrence of symptoms and pain. The three treatment options independent of the initial endoscopic endometriosis classification (EEC) stage including deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) achieved an overall cure rate of 50% or higher. The highest cure rate of 60% was achieved by the combined treatment, 55% by the exclusively hormonal therapy, and 50% by the exclusively surgical treatment. An overall pregnancy rate between 55% and 65% was achieved with no significant difference in relation to the therapeutical option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liselotte Mettler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Clinics of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3/24, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - R. Ruprai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Clinics of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3/24, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Alkatout
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Clinics of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3/24, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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12
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Qi X, Zhang Y, Ji H, Wu X, Wang F, Xie M, Shu L, Jiang S, Mao Y, Cui Y, Liu J. Knockdown of prohibitin expression promotes glucose metabolism in eutopic endometrial stromal cells from women with endometriosis. Reprod Biomed Online 2014; 29:761-70. [PMID: 25444511 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this in-vitro study, the effect of prohibitin (PHB) on glucose metabolism in eutopic endometrial stromal cells from women with endometriosis was investigated. Endometrial stromal cells were isolated from endometrium in women with endometriosis, in women without endometriosis, or from endometrioma tissues. Glucose metabolic phenotype of stromal cells were examined in vitro. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the mRNA expression of glycolysis-related genes. Glucose consumption and lactate production were examined after knockdown of PHB expression in women with endometriosis with siRNA. In endometrioma tissue, significantly increased glucose consumption, lactate production and aberrant expression of glycolysis-related enzymes were found in women with endometriosis compared with women who do not have endometriosis (P < 0.05 versus P < 0.001). In women with endometriosis, PHB mRNA and protein were under-expressed in endometrioma tissue; in women without endometriosis, PHB mRNA and protein were over-expressed. Knockdown of PHB expression in women with endometriosis increased glucose consumption, although it had no effect on lactate production. This study suggests that aberrant expression of glycolysis-related enzymes in endometrioma tissue is associated with enhanced glycolytic metabolism. The malignant-like feature may be partially caused by low-expression of PHB gene in endometriotic stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Qi
- Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University/Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Clinical Medical College of Three Gorges University, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Yanxin Zhang
- Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University/Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hui Ji
- Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University/Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiadi Wu
- Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University/Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Fuxin Wang
- Center of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Manxin Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University/Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Shu
- Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University/Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiwen Jiang
- Department of Biological Science, Mercer University School of Medicine; Savannah, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Memorial Health Hospital, Savannah, USA
| | - Yundong Mao
- Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University/Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yugui Cui
- Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University/Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiayin Liu
- Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University/Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
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Kobayashi H, Iwai K, Niiro E, Morioka S, Yamada Y. Fetal programming theory: Implication for the understanding of endometriosis. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:208-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Differential TGFB1-Signalling in Endometrium from Women with Endometriosis: Importance of Appropriate Housekeeping Genes. JOURNAL OF ENDOMETRIOSIS AND PELVIC PAIN DISORDERS 2014. [DOI: 10.5301/je.5000171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Endometriosis is characterised by inflammation, fibrosis and scarring, all processes known to involve transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFB1). We examined the expression of genes involved in TGFB1 signalling in epithelium and stroma from eutopic versus ectopic endometrium in women with endometriosis. Methods Eutopic and ectopic endometrium was collected during laparoscopy from women with endometriosis (n = 4 proliferative, n = 7 secretory). Laser capture microdissection was used to collect glandular epithelium and CD10-positive stroma from ectopic lesions and eutopic endometrium. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was used to examine TGFB1, SMAD family member-2 (SMAD2), SMAD3 and SMAD4 mRNA. Expression of mRNA was relative to an RNA-spike. B2M and RPL13A mRNA, and 18S rRNA were also examined; however, expression varied between eutopic and ectopic sites making them unsuitable housekeeping genes in this model. Results TGFB1, SMAD3 and SMAD4 mRNA expression was significantly higher in eutopic versus ectopic glandular epithelium; SMAD3 expression was significantly higher in secretory versus proliferative phase eutopic epithelium. TGFB1 expression was significantly higher in eutopic versus ectopic stroma. Conclusions Variations in TGFB1, SMAD3 and SMAD4 mRNA expression in eutopic relative to ectopic tissues are consistent with a specific function in eutopic endometrium not replicated in lesions. We suggest that TGFB1-mediated activity is altered in ectopic lesions relative to eutopic endometrium in women with endometriosis, which may affect lesion maintenance. Further research examining the functional consequences of TGFB1 signalling variations is required, including extension of these studies to women without the disorder. Further studies must also carefully consider their housekeeping method and its impact on data and conclusions.
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Sanchez AM, Viganò P, Somigliana E, Panina-Bordignon P, Vercellini P, Candiani M. The distinguishing cellular and molecular features of the endometriotic ovarian cyst: from pathophysiology to the potential endometrioma-mediated damage to the ovary. Hum Reprod Update 2013; 20:217-30. [PMID: 24129684 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmt053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical data suggest that the presence of an ovarian endometrioma may cause per se damage to the surrounding otherwise healthy ovarian tissue. However, the basic research has so far done a limited job in trying to understand the potential detrimental effect of an endometrioma presence in the context of the ovarian physiology. We have reviewed the literature with the aim of characterizing the pathophysiology of the endometrioma focusing mostly on factors and mechanisms potentially affecting the surrounding, otherwise normal, ovarian tissue. METHODS Comprehensive searches of PUBMED were conducted to identify human studies published from 1991 to 2013 in the English language on the cellular and molecular characterization of the various endometrioma components. RESULTS An endometrioma contains free iron, reactive oxygen species (ROS), proteolytic enzymes and inflammatory molecules in concentrations from tens to hundreds of times higher than those present in peripheral blood or in other types of benign cysts. The cyst fluid causes substantial changes in the endometriotic cells that it baths from gene expression modifications to genetic mutations The physical barrier between the cyst contents and the normal ovarian tissue is a thin wall composed of the ovarian cortex itself or fibroreactive tissue. ROS potentially permeating the surrounding tissues and proteolytic substances degrading the adjacent areas are likely to cause the substitution of normal ovarian cortical tissue with fibrous tissue in which the cortex-specific stroma is reduced. The fibrosis is associated with smooth muscle metaplasia and followed by follicular loss and intraovarian vascular injury. Follicular density in tissue surrounding the endometriotic cyst was consistently shown to be significantly lower than in healthy ovaries but this pathological change does not appear to be caused by the stretching of surrounding tissues owing to the presence of a cyst. CONCLUSIONS There is sufficient molecular, histological and morphological evidence, in part deriving from knowledge of the pathophysiology, to support a deleterious effect of the endometrioma on the adjacent ovarian cortical tissue, independent of the mere mechanical stretching owing to its size.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Sanchez
- Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
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Kobayashi H, Yamada Y, Morioka S, Niiro E, Shigemitsu A, Ito F. Mechanism of pain generation for endometriosis-associated pelvic pain. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2013; 289:13-21. [PMID: 24121693 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-013-3049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endometriosis-associated pelvic pain appears due to persistent nociceptive stimulation, but the precise mechanisms remain poorly understood. METHODS A search was conducted to screen and select articles from PubMed. MAIN RESULTS Neurotrophins (NTs), a family of neuronal growth factors, are overexpressed in endometriosis and encompass NGF, BDNF and NT-3 and NT-4/5. NT receptors, TrkA and p75NTR, and NT receptor-interacting proteins, MAGE and NDN, were also expressed. NTs and their receptors play a role in the development and maintenance of neural tissues in non-neuronal cell types such as endometriosis. Nerve fibers contain unmyelinated sensory C, myelinated sensory Adelta and adrenergic nerve fibers that innervate abnormal cell growths. An increased release of proinflammatory cytokines from endometriotic lesions is responsible for the excessive sensory innervation and development of chronic pelvic pain. CONCLUSIONS The preponderance of the inflammatory milieu and subsequent hyperinnervation might be involved in the pathophysiology of pain generation in women with endometriosis.
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Meola J, Hidalgo GDS, Silva JCRE, Silva LECM, Paz CCP, Ferriani RA. Caldesmon: new insights for diagnosing endometriosis. Biol Reprod 2013; 88:122. [PMID: 23575144 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.103598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Considerable effort has been invested in searching for less invasive methods of diagnosing endometriosis. Previous studies have indicated altered levels of the CALD1 gene (encoding the protein caldesmon) in endometriosis. The aims of our study were to investigate whether average CALD1 expression and caldesmon protein levels are differentially altered in the endometrium and endometriotic lesions and to evaluate the performance of the CALD1 gene and caldesmon protein as potential biomarkers for endometriosis. Paired biopsies of endometrial tissue (eutopic endometrium) and endometriotic lesions (ectopic endometrium) were obtained from patients with endometriosis to evaluate CALD1 gene expression and caldesmon protein levels by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. In addition, immunostaining for caldesmon to determine cellular localization was also performed. Endometrium from women without endometriosis was used as a control. Increased CALD1 expression and caldesmon levels were detected in the endometriotic lesions. The electrophoretic profile of caldesmon by Western blot analysis was clearly different between the control group (endometrium of women without endometriosis) and the group of women with endometriosis (eutopic endometrium and endometriotic lesions). Caldesmon expression as determined by immunostaining showed no variation among the cell types in endometriotic lesions and eutopic endometrium. Stromal cells marked positively in eutopic endometrium from control patients and in the endometriotic lesions. The presence of caldesmon in the endometrium of patients with and without endometriosis permitted diagnoses with 95% sensitivity (specificity 100%) and 100% sensitivity (specificity 100%) for the disease and for minimal to mild endometriosis in the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle, respectively. In the secretory phase, minimal to mild endometriosis was detected with 90% sensitivity and 93.3% specificity. Caldesmon is a possible predictor of endometrial dysregulation in patients with endometriosis. A potential limitation of our study is the fact that other endometrial diseases were not excluded, and therefore prospective studies are needed to confirm the potential of caldesmon as a biomarker exclusively for endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Meola
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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Koch J, Rowan K, Rombauts L, Yazdani A, Chapman M, Johnson N. Endometriosis and Infertility - a consensus statement from ACCEPT (Australasian CREI Consensus Expert Panel on Trial evidence). Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2012; 52:513-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-828x.2012.01480.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Koch
- IVF Australia; Bondi Junction; New South Wales; Australia
| | | | - Luk Rombauts
- Department of O&G; Monash University; Clayton; Victoria; Australia
| | - Anusch Yazdani
- QFG Research Foundation; University of Queensland; St Lucia; Queensland; Australia
| | - Michael Chapman
- Department of O&G; University of New South Wales; Randwick; New South Wales; Australia
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Sohler F, Sommer A, Wachter DL, Agaimy A, Fischer OM, Renner SP, Burghaus S, Fasching PA, Beckmann MW, Fuhrmann U, Strick R, Strissel PL. Tissue remodeling and nonendometrium-like menstrual cycling are hallmarks of peritoneal endometriosis lesions. Reprod Sci 2012; 20:85-102. [PMID: 22878529 DOI: 10.1177/1933719112451147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We identified differentially expressed genes comparing peritoneal endometriosis lesions (n = 18), eutopic endometrium (n = 17), and peritoneum (n = 22) from the same patients with complete menstrual cycles using microarrays (54 675 probe sets) and immunohistochemistry. Peritoneal lesions and peritoneum demonstrated 3901 and 4973 significantly differentially expressed genes compared to eutopic endometrium, respectively. Peritoneal lesions significantly revealed no correlation with a specific menstrual cycle phase by gene expression and histopathology, exhibited low expressed proliferation genes, and constant levels of steroid hormone receptor genes. Tissue remodeling genes in cytoskeleton, smooth muscle contraction, cellular adhesion, tight junctions, and O-glycan biosynthesis were the most significant to lesions, including desmin and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain 11. Protein expression and location of desmin, alpha-actin, and h-caldesmon in peritoneal lesions discriminated between smooth muscle hyperplasia and metaplasia. Peritoneal lesions demonstrate no menstrual cycle phasing but constant steroid hormone receptor expression where a slow but steady growth is linked with tissue remodeling. Our study contributes to the molecular pathology of peritoneal endometriosis and will help to identify clinical targets for treatment and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Sohler
- Global Drug Discovery, Target Discovery, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany
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Maccagnano C, Pellucchi F, Rocchini L, Ghezzi M, Scattoni V, Montorsi F, Rigatti P, Colombo R. Diagnosis and treatment of bladder endometriosis: state of the art. Urol Int 2012; 89:249-58. [PMID: 22813980 DOI: 10.1159/000339519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bladder is the most common affected site in urinary tract endometriosis, being diagnosed during gynecologic follow-up. The surgical urological treatment might lead to good results. STUDY OBJECTIVE To define the state of the art in the diagnosis and treatment of bladder endometriosis. METHODS We performed a literature review by searching the MEDLINE database for articles published between 1996 and 2011, limiting the searches to the words: urinary tract endometriosis, bladderendometriosis, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. RESULTS Deep pelvic endometriosis usually involves the urinary system, with the bladder being affected in 85% of cases. The diagnosis has to be considered as a step-by-step procedure. Currently, the treatment is usually surgical, consisting of either transurethral resection or partial cystectomy, and eventually associated with hormonal therapy. The hormonal therapy alone counteracts only the stimulus of endometriotic tissue proliferation, with no effects on the scarring caused by this tissue. The overall recurrence rate is about 30% for combined therapies and about 35% for the hormonal treatment alone. CONCLUSIONS The bladder is the most common affected site in urinary tract endometriosis. Most of the time, this condition is diagnosed because of the complaint of urinary symptoms during gynecologic follow-up procedures for a deep pelvic endometriosis: a close collaboration between the gynecologist and the urologist is advisable, especially in highly specialized centers. The surgical urological treatment might lead to good results in terms of patients' compliance and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Maccagnano
- Department of Urology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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Salmassi A, Acar-Perk B, Schmutzler AG, Koch K, Püngel F, Jonat W, Mettler L. Apoptosis resistance in endometriosis. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2011; 1:129-34. [PMID: 23678417 DOI: 10.5681/bi.2011.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In a cytological analysis of endometriotic lesions neither granulocytes nor cytotoxic T-cells appear in an appreciable number. Based on this observation we aimed to know, whether programmed cell death plays an essential role in the destruction of dystopic endometrium. Disturbances of the physiological mechanisms of apoptosis, a persistence of endometrial tissue could explain the disease. Another aspect of this consideration is the proliferation competence of the dystopic mucous membrane. METHODS Endometriotic lesions of 15 patients were examined through a combined measurement of apoptosis activity with the TUNEL technique (terminal deoxyribosyltransferase mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling) and the proliferation activity (with the help of the Ki-67-Antigens using the monoclonal antibody Ki-S5). RESULTS Twelve out of 15 women studied showed a positive apoptotic activity of 3-47% with a proliferation activity of 2-25% of epithelial cells. Therefore we concluded that the persistence of dystopic endometrium requires proliferative epithelial cells from middle to lower endometrial layers. CONCLUSION A dystopia misalignment of the epithelia of the upper layers of the functionalism can be rapidly eliminated by apoptotic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Salmassi
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
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Carvalho L, Podgaec S, Bellodi-Privato M, Falcone T, Abrão MS. Role of Eutopic Endometrium in Pelvic Endometriosis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2011; 18:419-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 02/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Vouk K, Smuc T, Guggenberger C, Ribič-Pucelj M, Sinkovec J, Husen B, Thole H, Houba P, Thaete C, Adamski J, Rižner TL. Novel estrogen-related genes and potential biomarkers of ovarian endometriosis identified by differential expression analysis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 125:231-42. [PMID: 21397694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In the search for novel biomarkers of endometriosis, we selected 152 genes from the GeneLogic database based on results of genome-wide expression analysis of ovarian endometriosis, plus 20 genes related to estrogen metabolism and action. We then performed low-density array analysis of these 172 genes on 11 ovarian endometriosis samples and 9 control endometrium samples. Principal component analysis of the gene expression levels showed clear separation between the endometriosis and control groups. We identified 78 genes as differentially expressed. Based on Ingenuity pathway analysis, these differentially expressed genes were arranged into groups according to biological function. These analyses revealed that 32 differentially expressed genes are estrogen related, 23 of which have not been reported previously in connection with endometriosis. Functional annotation showed that 25 and 22 genes are associated with the biological terms "secreted" and "extracellular region", respectively. Differential expression of 4 out of 5 genes related to estrogen metabolism and action (ESR1, ESR2, PGR and BGN) was also confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Our study thus reveals differential expression of several genes that have not previously been associated with endometriosis and that encode potential novel biomarkers and drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Vouk
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg, 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Namkung J, Kim SJ, Kim JH, Kim J, Hur SY. Rectal endometriosis with invasion into lymph nodes. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2011; 37:1117-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2010.01467.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Borghese B, Vaiman D, de Ziegler D, Chapron C. Endométriose et génétique : les gènes sont-ils responsables de la maladie ? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 39:196-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2010.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Braundmeier AG, Fazleabas AT. The non-human primate model of endometriosis: research and implications for fecundity. Mol Hum Reprod 2009; 15:577-86. [PMID: 19633013 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gap057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of an animal model of endometriosis is crucial for the investigation of disease pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention. These models will enhance our ability to evaluate the causes for the subfertility associated with disease and provide a first-line validation of treatment modulators. Currently rodents and non-human primate models have been developed, but each model has their limitations. The aim of this manuscript is to summarize the current findings and theories on the development of endometriosis and disease progression and the effectiveness of therapeutic targets using the experimental induced model of endometriosis in the baboon (Papio anubis).
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Braundmeier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (MC808), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Yang JH, Wu MY, Chen MJ, Chen SU, Yang YS, Ho HN. Increased matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 secretion but unaffected invasiveness of endometrial stromal cells in adenomyosis. Fertil Steril 2009; 91:2193-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Revised: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 05/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Miyamoto A, Taniguchi F, Tagashira Y, Watanabe A, Harada T, Terakawa N. ORIGINAL ARTICLE: TNFα Gene Silencing Reduced Lipopolysaccharide-Promoted Proliferation of Endometriotic Stromal Cells. Am J Reprod Immunol 2009; 61:277-85. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2009.00691.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Honda H, Barrueto FF, Gogusev J, Im DD, Morin PJ. Serial analysis of gene expression reveals differential expression between endometriosis and normal endometrium. Possible roles for AXL and SHC1 in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2008; 6:59. [PMID: 19055724 PMCID: PMC2615013 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-6-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a clinical condition that affects up to 10% of the women of reproductive age. Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial tissues outside the uterine cavity and can lead to chronic pelvic pain, infertility and, in some cases, to ovarian cancer. METHODS In order to better understand the pathogenesis of endometriosis, we have used Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) to identify genes differentially in this disease by studying three endometriotic tissues and a normal endometrium sample. Promising candidates (AXL, SHC1, ACTN4, PI3KCA, p-AKT, p-mTOR, and p-ERK) were independently validated by immunohistochemistry in additional normal and endometriotic tissues. RESULTS We identified several genes differentially expressed between endometriosis and normal endometrium. IGF2, ACTN4, AXL, and SHC1 were among the most upregulated genes. Comparison of the endometriosis gene expression profiles with the gene expression patterns observed in normal human tissues allowed the identification of endometriosis-specific genes, which included several members of the MMP family (MMP1,2,3,10,11,14). Immunohistochemical analysis of several candidates confirmed the SAGE findings, and suggested the involvement of the PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling pathways in endometriosis. CONCLUSION In human endometriosis, the PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling pathways may be activated via overexpression of AXL and SHC1, respectively. These genes, as well as others identified as differentially expressed in this study, may be useful for the development of novel strategies for the detection and/or therapy of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Honda
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore MD 21224, USA
| | | | | | - Dwight D Im
- The Gynecology Center, Mercy Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Patrice J Morin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore MD 21224, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Borghese B, Mondon F, Noël JC, Fayt I, Mignot TM, Vaiman D, Chapron C. Research Resource: Gene Expression Profile for Ectopic Versus Eutopic Endometrium Provides New Insights into Endometriosis Oncogenic Potential. Mol Endocrinol 2008; 22:2557-62. [DOI: 10.1210/me.2008-0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common gynecological disorder characterized by pain and infertility, where the lesions disseminate everywhere in the body with a preference for the pelvis. In that, it could be regarded as a benign metastatic disease, because its issue is not fatal. However, the molecular bases of this intriguing clinical condition are not well known. The objective of this study is to characterize the transcriptome differences between eutopic vs. ectopic endometrium with a special interest in pathways involved in cancerogenesis. We performed two hybridizations in technical replicate on highly specific long oligonucleotides microarrays (NimbleGen), with cDNA prepared from six-patients pools, where the same patient provided both eutopic and ectopic endometrium (endometriomas). To confirm the expression microarrays data, quantitative RT-PCR validation was performed on 12 individuals for 20 genes. Over 8000 transcripts were significantly modified (more than twice) in the lesions corresponding to 5600 down- or up-regulated genes. These were clustered through DAVID Bioinformatics Resources into 55 functional groups. The data are presented in a detailed and visual way on 24 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways implemented with induction ratios for each differentially expressed gene. An outstanding control of the cell cycle and a very specific modulation of the HOX genes were observed and provide some new evidence on why endometriosis only very rarely degenerates into cancer. The study constitutes a noteworthy update of gene profiling in endometriosis, by delivering the most complete and reliable list of dysregulated genes to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Borghese
- Institut Cochin (B.B., F.M., T.-M.M., D.V., C.C.), 75014 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (B.B., F.M., T.-M.M., D.V., C.C.), Unité 567, 75014 Paris, France
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique 2 et Médecine de la Reproduction (B.B., C.C.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Saint-Vincent de Paul, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75674 Paris, France
| | - Françoise Mondon
- Institut Cochin (B.B., F.M., T.-M.M., D.V., C.C.), 75014 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (B.B., F.M., T.-M.M., D.V., C.C.), Unité 567, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Noël
- Department of Pathology (J.-C.N., I.F.), Erasme University Hospital, Free University of Brussels, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Fayt
- Department of Pathology (J.-C.N., I.F.), Erasme University Hospital, Free University of Brussels, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thérèse-Marie Mignot
- Institut Cochin (B.B., F.M., T.-M.M., D.V., C.C.), 75014 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (B.B., F.M., T.-M.M., D.V., C.C.), Unité 567, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- Institut Cochin (B.B., F.M., T.-M.M., D.V., C.C.), 75014 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (B.B., F.M., T.-M.M., D.V., C.C.), Unité 567, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Charles Chapron
- Institut Cochin (B.B., F.M., T.-M.M., D.V., C.C.), 75014 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (B.B., F.M., T.-M.M., D.V., C.C.), Unité 567, 75014 Paris, France
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique 2 et Médecine de la Reproduction (B.B., C.C.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Saint-Vincent de Paul, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75674 Paris, France
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