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Kelsen A, Kent RS, Snyder AK, Wehri E, Bishop SJ, Stadler RV, Powell C, Martorelli di Genova B, Rompikuntal PK, Boulanger MJ, Warshaw DM, Westwood NJ, Schaletzky J, Ward GE. MyosinA is a druggable target in the widespread protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002110. [PMID: 37155705 PMCID: PMC10185354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread apicomplexan parasite that can cause severe disease in its human hosts. The ability of T. gondii and other apicomplexan parasites to invade into, egress from, and move between cells of the hosts they infect is critical to parasite virulence and disease progression. An unusual and highly conserved parasite myosin motor (TgMyoA) plays a central role in T. gondii motility. The goal of this work was to determine whether the parasite's motility and lytic cycle can be disrupted through pharmacological inhibition of TgMyoA, as an approach to altering disease progression in vivo. To this end, we first sought to identify inhibitors of TgMyoA by screening a collection of 50,000 structurally diverse small molecules for inhibitors of the recombinant motor's actin-activated ATPase activity. The top hit to emerge from the screen, KNX-002, inhibited TgMyoA with little to no effect on any of the vertebrate myosins tested. KNX-002 was also active against parasites, inhibiting parasite motility and growth in culture in a dose-dependent manner. We used chemical mutagenesis, selection in KNX-002, and targeted sequencing to identify a mutation in TgMyoA (T130A) that renders the recombinant motor less sensitive to compound. Compared to wild-type parasites, parasites expressing the T130A mutation showed reduced sensitivity to KNX-002 in motility and growth assays, confirming TgMyoA as a biologically relevant target of KNX-002. Finally, we present evidence that KNX-002 can slow disease progression in mice infected with wild-type parasites, but not parasites expressing the resistance-conferring TgMyoA T130A mutation. Taken together, these data demonstrate the specificity of KNX-002 for TgMyoA, both in vitro and in vivo, and validate TgMyoA as a druggable target in infections with T. gondii. Since TgMyoA is essential for virulence, conserved in apicomplexan parasites, and distinctly different from the myosins found in humans, pharmacological inhibition of MyoA offers a promising new approach to treating the devastating diseases caused by T. gondii and other apicomplexan parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kelsen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Robyn S. Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Anne K. Snyder
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Eddie Wehri
- Center for Emerging and Neglected Diseases, University of California Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Bishop
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews and EaStCHEM, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel V. Stadler
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Cameron Powell
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Bruno Martorelli di Genova
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Pramod K. Rompikuntal
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Martin J. Boulanger
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - David M. Warshaw
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J. Westwood
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews and EaStCHEM, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Schaletzky
- Center for Emerging and Neglected Diseases, University of California Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Gary E. Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
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2
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Felín MS, Wang K, Moreira A, Grose A, Leahy K, Zhou Y, Clouser FA, Siddiqui M, Leong N, Goodall P, Michalowski M, Ismail M, Christmas M, Schrantz S, Caballero Z, Norero X, Estripeaut D, Ellis D, Raggi C, Castro C, Moossazadeh D, Ramirez M, Pandey A, Ashi K, Dovgin S, Dixon A, Li X, Begeman I, Heichman S, Lykins J, Villalobos-Cerrud D, Fabrega L, Montalvo JLS, Mendivil C, Quijada MR, Fernández-Pirla S, de La Guardia V, Wong D, de Guevara ML, Flores C, Borace J, García A, Caballero N, Rengifo-Herrera C, de Saez MTM, Politis M, Wroblewski K, Karrison T, Ross S, Dogra M, Dhamsania V, Graves N, Kirchberg M, Mathur K, Aue A, Restrepo CM, Llanes A, Guzman G, Rebellon A, Boyer K, Heydemann P, Noble AG, Swisher C, Rabiah P, Withers S, Hull T, Su C, Blair M, Latkany P, Mui E, Vasconcelos-Santos DV, Villareal A, Perez A, Galvis CAN, Montes MV, Perez NIC, Ramirez M, Chittenden C, Wang E, Garcia-López LL, Muñoz-Ortiz J, Rivera-Valdivia N, Bohorquez-Granados MC, de-la-Torre GC, Padrieu G, Hernandez JDV, Celis-Giraldo D, Dávila JAA, Torres E, Oquendo MM, Arteaga-Rivera JY, Nicolae DL, Rzhetsky A, Roizen N, Stillwaggon E, Sawers L, Peyron F, Wallon M, Chapey E, Levigne P, Charter C, De Frias M, Montoya J, Press C, Ramirez R, Contopoulos-Ioannidis D, Maldonado Y, Liesenfeld O, Gomez C, Wheeler K, Holfels E, Frim D, McLone D, Penn R, Cohen W, Zehar S, McAuley J, Limonne D, Houze S, Abraham S, Piarroux R, Tesic V, Beavis K, Abeleda A, Sautter M, El Mansouri B, El Bachir A, Amarir F, El Bissati K, de-la-Torre A, Britton G, Motta J, Ortega-Barria E, Romero IL, Meier P, Grigg M, Gómez-Marín J, Kosagisharaf JR, Llorens XS, Reyes O, McLeod R. Building Programs to Eradicate Toxoplasmosis Part I: Introduction and Overview. CURRENT PEDIATRICS REPORTS 2022; 10:57-92. [PMID: 36034212 PMCID: PMC9395898 DOI: 10.1007/s40124-022-00269-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Review building of programs to eliminate Toxoplasma infections. Recent Findings Morbidity and mortality from toxoplasmosis led to programs in USA, Panama, and Colombia to facilitate understanding, treatment, prevention, and regional resources, incorporating student work. Summary Studies foundational for building recent, regional approaches/programs are reviewed. Introduction provides an overview/review of programs in Panamá, the United States, and other countries. High prevalence/risk of exposure led to laws mandating testing in gestation, reporting, and development of broad-based teaching materials about Toxoplasma. These were tested for efficacy as learning tools for high-school students, pregnant women, medical students, physicians, scientists, public health officials and general public. Digitized, free, smart phone application effectively taught pregnant women about toxoplasmosis prevention. Perinatal infection care programs, identifying true regional risk factors, and point-of-care gestational screening facilitate prevention and care. When implemented fully across all demographics, such programs present opportunities to save lives, sight, and cognition with considerable spillover benefits for individuals and societies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40124-022-00269-w.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kanix Wang
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Aliya Moreira
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
- Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases/Department of Neonatology, Hospital del Niño doctor José Renán Esquivel, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Andrew Grose
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Karen Leahy
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Ying Zhou
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Fatima Alibana Clouser
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Maryam Siddiqui
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Nicole Leong
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Perpetua Goodall
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | - Mahmoud Ismail
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Monica Christmas
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Stephen Schrantz
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Zuleima Caballero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Ximena Norero
- Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases/Department of Neonatology, Hospital del Niño doctor José Renán Esquivel, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Dora Estripeaut
- Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases/Department of Neonatology, Hospital del Niño doctor José Renán Esquivel, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - David Ellis
- Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases/Department of Neonatology, Hospital del Niño doctor José Renán Esquivel, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Catalina Raggi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Catherine Castro
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Davina Moossazadeh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Statistics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Margarita Ramirez
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Abhinav Pandey
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Kevin Ashi
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Samantha Dovgin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Ashtyn Dixon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Xuan Li
- Rush University Medical School/Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Ian Begeman
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Sharon Heichman
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Joseph Lykins
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Delba Villalobos-Cerrud
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Lorena Fabrega
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - José Luis Sanchez Montalvo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Connie Mendivil
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Mario R. Quijada
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Silvia Fernández-Pirla
- Toxoplasmosis Programs and Initiatives in Panamá, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
- Academia Interamericana de Panamá, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Valli de La Guardia
- Toxoplasmosis Programs and Initiatives in Panamá, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
- Hospital Santo Tomás, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Digna Wong
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Mayrene Ladrón de Guevara
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
- Hospital Santo Tomás, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | | | | | - Anabel García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | | | - Claudia Rengifo-Herrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
- Universidad de Panamá, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Maria Theresa Moreno de Saez
- Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases/Department of Neonatology, Hospital del Niño doctor José Renán Esquivel, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Michael Politis
- Toxoplasmosis Programs and Initiatives in Panamá, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Kristen Wroblewski
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Theodore Karrison
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Stephanie Ross
- Rush University Medical School/Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Mimansa Dogra
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Vishan Dhamsania
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Nicholas Graves
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Marci Kirchberg
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Harris School of Public Policy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Kopal Mathur
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Harris School of Public Policy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Ashley Aue
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Harris School of Public Policy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Carlos M. Restrepo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Alejandro Llanes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - German Guzman
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Arturo Rebellon
- Sanofi Aventis de Panamá S.A., University of South Florida, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Kenneth Boyer
- Rush University Medical School/Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Peter Heydemann
- Rush University Medical School/Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - A. Gwendolyn Noble
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Charles Swisher
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | - Shawn Withers
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Teri Hull
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Chunlei Su
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
| | - Michael Blair
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Paul Latkany
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Ernest Mui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | - Alcibiades Villareal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Ambar Perez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | | | | | | | - Morgan Ramirez
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Cy Chittenden
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Edward Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | - Juliana Muñoz-Ortiz
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Guillermo Padrieu
- The University of South Florida College of Public Health, Tampa, FL USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dan L. Nicolae
- Department of Statistics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Andrey Rzhetsky
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Nancy Roizen
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | - Larry Sawers
- Department of Economics, American University, Washington, D.C. USA
| | - Francois Peyron
- Institut des agents infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Martine Wallon
- Institut des agents infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Emanuelle Chapey
- Institut des agents infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Pauline Levigne
- Institut des agents infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Jose Montoya
- Remington Specialty Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA USA
| | - Cindy Press
- Remington Specialty Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA USA
| | | | - Despina Contopoulos-Ioannidis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University College of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Yvonne Maldonado
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University College of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | | | - Carlos Gomez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University College of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Kelsey Wheeler
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Ellen Holfels
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - David Frim
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - David McLone
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Richard Penn
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - William Cohen
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Samantha Zehar
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - James McAuley
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | - Sandrine Houze
- Laboratory of Parasitologie, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Abraham
- Laboratory of Parasitologie, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Vera Tesic
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Kathleen Beavis
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Ana Abeleda
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Mari Sautter
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | | | - Fatima Amarir
- Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Kamal El Bissati
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- INH, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Gabrielle Britton
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
- Member of the Sistema Nacional de investigadores de Panamá (SNI), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Jorge Motta
- Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Eduardo Ortega-Barria
- Member of the Sistema Nacional de investigadores de Panamá (SNI), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
- Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
- GSK Vaccines, Panamá, Panamá
| | - Isabel Luz Romero
- Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Paul Meier
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Michael Grigg
- Molecular Parasitology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
| | | | - Jagannatha Rao Kosagisharaf
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
- Member of the Sistema Nacional de investigadores de Panamá (SNI), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Xavier Sáez Llorens
- Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases/Department of Neonatology, Hospital del Niño doctor José Renán Esquivel, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
- Member of the Sistema Nacional de investigadores de Panamá (SNI), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Osvaldo Reyes
- Hospital Santo Tomás, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
- Universidad de Panamá, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
- Member of the Sistema Nacional de investigadores de Panamá (SNI), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Rima McLeod
- Toxoplasmosis Programs and Initiatives in Panamá, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Toxoplasmosis Center, The University of Chicago and Toxoplasmosis Research Institute, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
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Felín MS, Wang K, Moreira A, Grose A, Leahy K, Zhou Y, Clouser FA, Siddiqui M, Leong N, Goodall P, Michalowski M, Ismail M, Christmas M, Schrantz S, Caballero Z, Norero X, Estripeaut D, Ellis D, Raggi C, Castro C, Moossazadeh D, Ramirez M, Pandey A, Ashi K, Dovgin S, Dixon A, Li X, Begeman I, Heichman S, Lykins J, Villalobos-Cerrud D, Fabrega L, Montalvo JLS, Mendivil C, Quijada MR, Fernández-Pirla S, de La Guardia V, Wong D, de Guevara ML, Flores C, Borace J, García A, Caballero N, Rengifo-Herrera C, de Saez MTM, Politis M, Ross S, Dogra M, Dhamsania V, Graves N, Kirchberg M, Mathur K, Aue A, Restrepo CM, Llanes A, Guzman G, Rebellon A, Boyer K, Heydemann P, Noble AG, Swisher C, Rabiah P, Withers S, Hull T, Frim D, McLone D, Su C, Blair M, Latkany P, Mui E, Vasconcelos-Santos DV, Villareal A, Perez A, Galvis CAN, Montes MV, Perez NIC, Ramirez M, Chittenden C, Wang E, Garcia-López LL, Padrieu G, Muñoz-Ortiz J, Rivera-Valdivia N, Bohorquez-Granados MC, de-la-Torre GC, Hernandez JDV, Celis-Giraldo D, Dávila JAA, Torres E, Oquendo MM, Arteaga-Rivera JY, Nicolae DL, Rzhetsky A, Roizen N, Stillwaggon E, Sawers L, Peyron F, Wallon M, Chapey E, Levigne P, Charter C, De Frias M, Montoya J, Press C, Ramirez R, Contopoulos-Ioannidis D, Maldonado Y, Liesenfeld O, Gomez C, Wheeler K, Zehar S, McAuley J, Limonne D, Houze S, Abraham S, Piarroux R, Tesic V, Beavis K, Abeleda A, Sautter M, El Mansouri B, El Bachir A, Amarir F, El Bissati K, Holfels E, Frim D, McLone D, Penn R, Cohen W, de-la-Torre A, Britton G, Motta J, Ortega-Barria E, Romero IL, Meier P, Grigg M, Gómez-Marín J, Kosagisharaf JR, Llorens XS, Reyes O, McLeod R. Building Programs to Eradicate Toxoplasmosis Part IV: Understanding and Development of Public Health Strategies and Advances "Take a Village". CURRENT PEDIATRICS REPORTS 2022; 10:125-154. [PMID: 35991908 PMCID: PMC9379243 DOI: 10.1007/s40124-022-00268-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Review international efforts to build a global public health initiative focused on toxoplasmosis with spillover benefits to save lives, sight, cognition and motor function benefiting maternal and child health. Recent Findings Multiple countries' efforts to eliminate toxoplasmosis demonstrate progress and context for this review and new work. Summary Problems with potential solutions proposed include accessibility of accurate, inexpensive diagnostic testing, pre-natal screening and facilitating tools, missed and delayed neonatal diagnosis, restricted access, high costs, delays in obtaining medicines emergently, delayed insurance pre-approvals and high medicare copays taking considerable physician time and effort, harmful shortcuts being taken in methods to prepare medicines in settings where access is restricted, reluctance to perform ventriculoperitoneal shunts promptly when needed without recognition of potential benefit, access to resources for care, especially for marginalized populations, and limited use of recent advances in management of neurologic and retinal disease which can lead to good outcomes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40124-022-00268-x.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kanix Wang
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Aliya Moreira
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panama, Panama
- Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases/Department of Neonatology, Hospital del Niño doctor José Renán Esquivel, Ciudad de Panama, Panama
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Andrew Grose
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Karen Leahy
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Ying Zhou
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Fatima Alibana Clouser
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Maryam Siddiqui
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Nicole Leong
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Perpetua Goodall
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | - Mahmoud Ismail
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Monica Christmas
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Stephen Schrantz
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Zuleima Caballero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panama, Panama
| | - Ximena Norero
- Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases/Department of Neonatology, Hospital del Niño doctor José Renán Esquivel, Ciudad de Panama, Panama
| | - Dora Estripeaut
- Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases/Department of Neonatology, Hospital del Niño doctor José Renán Esquivel, Ciudad de Panama, Panama
| | - David Ellis
- Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases/Department of Neonatology, Hospital del Niño doctor José Renán Esquivel, Ciudad de Panama, Panama
| | - Catalina Raggi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Catherine Castro
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Davina Moossazadeh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Statistics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Margarita Ramirez
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Abhinav Pandey
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Kevin Ashi
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Samantha Dovgin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Ashtyn Dixon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Xuan Li
- Rush University Medical School/Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Ian Begeman
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Sharon Heichman
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Joseph Lykins
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Delba Villalobos-Cerrud
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panama, Panama
| | - Lorena Fabrega
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panama, Panama
| | - José Luis Sanchez Montalvo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Connie Mendivil
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panama, Panama
| | - Mario R. Quijada
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panama, Panama
| | - Silvia Fernández-Pirla
- Toxoplasmosis Programs and Initiatives in Panama, Ciudad de Panama, Panama
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panama, Panama
- Academia Interamericana de Panama, Ciudad de Panama, Panama
| | - Valli de La Guardia
- Toxoplasmosis Programs and Initiatives in Panama, Ciudad de Panama, Panama
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panama, Panama
- Hospital Santo Tomás, Ciudad de Panama, Panama
- Hospital San Miguel Arcángel, Ciudad de Panama, Panama
| | - Digna Wong
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panama, Panama
| | - Mayrene Ladrón de Guevara
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panama, Panama
- Hospital Santo Tomás, Ciudad de Panama, Panama
| | | | | | - Anabel García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panama, Panama
| | | | - Claudia Rengifo-Herrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panama, Panama
- Universidad de Panama, Ciudad de Panama, Panama
| | - Maria Theresa Moreno de Saez
- Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases/Department of Neonatology, Hospital del Niño doctor José Renán Esquivel, Ciudad de Panama, Panama
| | - Michael Politis
- Toxoplasmosis Programs and Initiatives in Panama, Ciudad de Panama, Panama
| | - Stephanie Ross
- Rush University Medical School/Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Mimansa Dogra
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Vishan Dhamsania
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Global Health Center Capstone Program, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Nicholas Graves
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Global Health Center Capstone Program, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Marci Kirchberg
- Global Health Center Capstone Program, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Harris School of Public Policy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Kopal Mathur
- Global Health Center Capstone Program, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Harris School of Public Policy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Ashley Aue
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Harris School of Public Policy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Carlos M. Restrepo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panama, Panama
| | - Alejandro Llanes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panama, Panama
| | - German Guzman
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panama, Panama
| | - Arturo Rebellon
- Sanofi Aventis de Panama S.A., University of South Florida, Ciudad de Panama, Panama
| | - Kenneth Boyer
- Rush University Medical School/Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Peter Heydemann
- Rush University Medical School/Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - A. Gwendolyn Noble
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Charles Swisher
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | - Shawn Withers
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Teri Hull
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - David Frim
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - David McLone
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Chunlei Su
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
| | - Michael Blair
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Paul Latkany
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Ernest Mui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | - Alcibiades Villareal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panama, Panama
| | - Ambar Perez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panama, Panama
| | | | | | | | - Morgan Ramirez
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Cy Chittenden
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Edward Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | - Guillermo Padrieu
- The University of South Florida College of Public Health, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Juliana Muñoz-Ortiz
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dan L Nicolae
- Department of Statistics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Andrey Rzhetsky
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Nancy Roizen
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | - Larry Sawers
- Department of Economics, American University, Washington, DC USA
| | - Francois Peyron
- Institut des agents infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Martine Wallon
- Institut des agents infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Emanuelle Chapey
- Institut des agents infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Pauline Levigne
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Institut des agents infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Jose Montoya
- Remington Specialty Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA USA
| | - Cindy Press
- Remington Specialty Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA USA
| | | | - Despina Contopoulos-Ioannidis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University College of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Yvonne Maldonado
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University College of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | | | - Carlos Gomez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University College of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Kelsey Wheeler
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Samantha Zehar
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - James McAuley
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | - Sandrine Houze
- Laboratory of Parasitologie, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hopital, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Abraham
- Laboratory of Parasitologie, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hopital, Paris, France
| | | | - Vera Tesic
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Kathleen Beavis
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Ana Abeleda
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Mari Sautter
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | | | - Fatima Amarir
- Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Kamal El Bissati
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- INH, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ellen Holfels
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - David Frim
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - David McLone
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Richard Penn
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - William Cohen
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | - Gabrielle Britton
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panama, Panama
- Sistema Nacional de investigadores de Panama (SNI), Panama, Panama
| | - Jorge Motta
- Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT), Ciudad de Panama, Panama
| | - Eduardo Ortega-Barria
- Sistema Nacional de investigadores de Panama (SNI), Panama, Panama
- Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT), Ciudad de Panama, Panama
- GSK Vaccines, Panama, Panama
| | - Isabel Luz Romero
- Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT), Ciudad de Panama, Panama
| | - Paul Meier
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | | | - Jagannatha Rao Kosagisharaf
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panama, Panama
- Sistema Nacional de investigadores de Panama (SNI), Panama, Panama
| | - Xavier Sáez Llorens
- Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases/Department of Neonatology, Hospital del Niño doctor José Renán Esquivel, Ciudad de Panama, Panama
- Sistema Nacional de investigadores de Panama (SNI), Panama, Panama
| | - Osvaldo Reyes
- Hospital Santo Tomás, Ciudad de Panama, Panama
- Universidad de Panama, Ciudad de Panama, Panama
- Sistema Nacional de investigadores de Panama (SNI), Panama, Panama
| | - Rima McLeod
- Toxoplasmosis Programs and Initiatives in Panama, Ciudad de Panama, Panama
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Toxoplasmosis Center, The University of Chicago and Toxoplasmosis Research Institute, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases), The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
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Shang FF, Wang MY, Ai JP, Shen QK, Guo HY, Jin CM, Chen FE, Quan ZS, Jin L, Zhang C. Synthesis and evaluation of mycophenolic acid derivatives as potential anti-Toxoplasma gondii agents. Med Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02803-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Leas DA, Sanford AG, Wu J, Cal M, Kaiser M, Wittlin S, Hemsley RM, Darner EB, Lui LM, Davis PH, Vennerstrom JL. Diaryl Ureas as an Antiprotozoal Chemotype. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1578-1583. [PMID: 33971090 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We now describe the physicochemical profiling, in vitro ADME, and antiparasitic activity of eight N,N'-diarylureas to assess their potential as a broad-spectrum antiprotozoal chemotype. Chromatographic LogD7.4 values ranged from 2.5 to 4.5; kinetic aq. solubilities were ≤6.3 μg/mL, and plasma protein binding ranged from 95 to 99%. All of the compounds had low intrinsic clearance values in human, but not mouse, liver microsomes. Although no N,N'-diarylurea had submicromolar potency against Trypanosoma cruzi, two had submicromolar potencies against Toxoplasma gondii and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, and five had submicromolar potencies against Leishmania donovani. Plasmodium falciparum appeared to be the most susceptible to growth inhibition by this compound series. Most of the N,N'-diarylureas had antiprotozoal selectivities ≥10. One N,N'-diarylurea had demonstrable activity in mouse models of malaria and toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek A. Leas
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Austin G. Sanford
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5900, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68182, United States
| | - Jianbo Wu
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Monica Cal
- University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sergio Wittlin
- University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ryan M. Hemsley
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68182, United States
| | - Elyssa B. Darner
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68182, United States
| | - LeeAnna M. Lui
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68182, United States
| | - Paul H. Davis
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68182, United States
| | - Jonathan L. Vennerstrom
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
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Brullo C, Rapetti F, Bruno O. Pyrazolyl-Ureas as Interesting Scaffold in Medicinal Chemistry. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153457. [PMID: 32751358 PMCID: PMC7435939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyrazole nucleus has long been known as a privileged scaffold in the synthesis of biologically active compounds. Within the numerous pyrazole derivatives developed as potential drugs, this review is focused on molecules characterized by a urea function directly linked to the pyrazole nucleus in a different position. In the last 20 years, the interest of numerous researchers has been especially attracted by pyrazolyl-ureas showing a wide spectrum of biological activities, ranging from the antipathogenic activities (bacteria, plasmodium, toxoplasma, and others) to the anticarcinogenic activities. In particular, in the anticancer field, pyrazolyl-ureas have been shown to interact at the intracellular level on many pathways, in particular on different kinases such as Src, p38-MAPK, TrKa, and others. In addition, some of them evidenced an antiangiogenic potential that deserves to be explored. This review therefore summarizes all these biological data (from 2000 to date), including patented compounds.
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7
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Guo HY, Jin C, Zhang HM, Jin CM, Shen QK, Quan ZS. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of (+)-Usnic Acid Derivatives as Potential Anti- Toxoplasma gondii Agents. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9630-9642. [PMID: 31365255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Six series of (+)-usnic acid derivatives were synthesized. The IC50 values of these compounds were determined in T. gondii infected HeLa cells (μM) and in HeLa cells (μM), and their selectivity indexes (SI) were calculated. In vitro, most of the derivatives tested in this study exhibited more anti activity than that of the parent compound (+)-usnic acid and the positive control drugs. Among these derivatives, methyl (E)-(1-(6-acetyl-7,9-dihydroxy-8,9b-dimethyl-1,3-dioxo-3,9b-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-2(1H)-ylidene)ethyl)phenylalaninate (D3) showed the most effective anti-T. gondii activity (selectivity >2.77). In comparison with the clinically used positive control drugs sulfadiazine (selectivity 1.15), pyrimethamine (selectivity 0.89), spiramycin (selectivity 0.72), and the lead compound (+)-usnic acid (selectivity 0.96), D3 showed better results in vitro. Furthermore, D3 and (E)-6-acetyl-7,9-dihydroxy-8,9b-dimethyl-2-(1-(quinolin-6-ylamino)ethylidene)dibenzo[b,d]furan-1,3(2H,9bH)-dione (F3) had greater inhibitory effects on T. gondii (inhibition rates 76.0% and 64.6%) in vivo in comparison to spiramycin (inhibition rate 55.2%); in the peritoneal cavity of mice, the number of tachyzoites was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) in vivo. Additionally, some biochemical parameters were measured and spleen indexes were comprehensively evaluated, and the results indicated that mice treated with both compound D3 and compound F3 showed reduced hepatotoxicity and significantly enhanced antioxidative effects in comparison to the normal group. Granuloma and cyst formation were effected by the inhibition of compound D3 and compound F3 in liver sections. Overall, these results indicated that D3 and F3 for use as anti-T. gondii agents are promising lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources and Functional Molecules of the Changbai Mountain, Affiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy , Yanbian University , Yanji , Jilin 133002 , People's Republic of China
| | - ChunMei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources and Functional Molecules of the Changbai Mountain, Affiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy , Yanbian University , Yanji , Jilin 133002 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources and Functional Molecules of the Changbai Mountain, Affiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy , Yanbian University , Yanji , Jilin 133002 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Mei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources and Functional Molecules of the Changbai Mountain, Affiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy , Yanbian University , Yanji , Jilin 133002 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Kun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources and Functional Molecules of the Changbai Mountain, Affiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy , Yanbian University , Yanji , Jilin 133002 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Shan Quan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources and Functional Molecules of the Changbai Mountain, Affiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy , Yanbian University , Yanji , Jilin 133002 , People's Republic of China
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8
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Burns AL, Dans MG, Balbin JM, de Koning-Ward TF, Gilson PR, Beeson JG, Boyle MJ, Wilson DW. Targeting malaria parasite invasion of red blood cells as an antimalarial strategy. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2019; 43:223-238. [PMID: 30753425 PMCID: PMC6524681 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium spp. parasites that cause malaria disease remain a significant global-health burden. With the spread of parasites resistant to artemisinin combination therapies in Southeast Asia, there is a growing need to develop new antimalarials with novel targets. Invasion of the red blood cell by Plasmodium merozoites is essential for parasite survival and proliferation, thus representing an attractive target for therapeutic development. Red blood cell invasion requires a co-ordinated series of protein/protein interactions, protease cleavage events, intracellular signals, organelle release and engagement of an actin-myosin motor, which provide many potential targets for drug development. As these steps occur in the bloodstream, they are directly susceptible and exposed to drugs. A number of invasion inhibitors against a diverse range of parasite proteins involved in these different processes of invasion have been identified, with several showing potential to be optimised for improved drug-like properties. In this review, we discuss red blood cell invasion as a drug target and highlight a number of approaches for developing antimalarials with invasion inhibitory activity to use in future combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Burns
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia 5005
| | - Madeline G Dans
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3004.,Deakin University, School of Medicine, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia 3216
| | - Juan M Balbin
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia 5005
| | | | - Paul R Gilson
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3004
| | - James G Beeson
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3004.,Central Clinical School and Department of Microbiology, Monash University 3004.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia 3052
| | - Michelle J Boyle
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3004.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia 4006
| | - Danny W Wilson
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia 5005.,Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3004
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Oliveira T, Costa I, Marinho V, Carvalho V, Uchôa K, Ayres C, Teixeira S, Vasconcelos DFP. Human foreskin fibroblasts: from waste bag to important biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL UROLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2051415818761526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Circumcision is one of the most performed surgical procedures worldwide, and it is estimated that one in three men worldwide is circumcised, which makes the preputial skin removed after surgery an abundant material for possible applications. In particular, it is possible efficiently to isolate the cells of the foreskin, with fibroblasts being the most abundant cells of the dermis and the most used in biomedical research. This work aimed to review the knowledge and obtain a broad view of the main applications of human foreskin fibroblast cell culture. A literature search was conducted, including clinical trials, preclinical basic research studies, reviews and experimental studies. Several medical and laboratory applications of human foreskin fibroblast cell culture have been described, especially when it comes to the use of human foreskin fibroblasts as feeder cells for the cultivation of human embryonic stem cells, in addition to co-culture with other cell types. The culture of foreskin fibroblasts has also been used to: obtain induced pluripotent stem cells; the diagnosis of Clostridium difficile; to test the toxicity and effect of substances on normal cells, especially the toxicity of possible antineoplastic drugs; in viral culture, mainly of the human cytomegalovirus, study of the pathogenesis of other microorganisms; varied studies of cellular physiology and cellular interactions. Fibroblasts are important for cell models for varied application cultures, demonstrating how the preputial material can be reused, making possible new applications. Level of evidence: Not applicable for this multicentre audit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomaz Oliveira
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Brazil
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Brazil
- Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Brazil
| | - Ilana Costa
- Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Brazil
| | - Victor Marinho
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Brazil
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Brazil
- Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Brazil
| | - Valécia Carvalho
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Brazil
- Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Brazil
| | - Karla Uchôa
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Brazil
- Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Brazil
| | - Carla Ayres
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Brazil
| | - Silmar Teixeira
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Brazil
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Powell CJ, Jenkins ML, Parker ML, Ramaswamy R, Kelsen A, Warshaw DM, Ward GE, Burke JE, Boulanger MJ. Dissecting the molecular assembly of the Toxoplasma gondii MyoA motility complex. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:19469-19477. [PMID: 28972141 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.809632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Apicomplexan parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii rely on a unique form of locomotion known as gliding motility. Generating the mechanical forces to support motility are divergent class XIV myosins (MyoA) coordinated by accessory proteins known as light chains. Although the importance of the MyoA-light chain complex is well-established, the detailed mechanisms governing its assembly and regulation are relatively unknown. To establish a molecular blueprint of this dynamic complex, we first mapped the adjacent binding sites of light chains MLC1 and ELC1 on the MyoA neck (residues 775-818) using a combination of hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and isothermal titration calorimetry. We then determined the 1.85 Å resolution crystal structure of MLC1 in complex with its cognate MyoA peptide. Structural analysis revealed a bilobed architecture with MLC1 clamping tightly around the helical MyoA peptide, consistent with the stable 10 nm Kd measured by isothermal titration calorimetry. We next showed that coordination of calcium by an EF-hand in ELC1 and prebinding of MLC1 to the MyoA neck enhanced the affinity of ELC1 for the MyoA neck 7- and 8-fold, respectively. When combined, these factors enhanced ELC1 binding 49-fold (to a Kd of 12 nm). Using the full-length MyoA motor (residues 1-831), we then showed that, in addition to coordinating the neck region, ELC1 appears to engage the MyoA converter subdomain, which couples the motor domain to the neck. These data support an assembly model where staged binding events cooperate to yield high-affinity complexes that are able to maximize force transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron J Powell
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada and
| | - Meredith L Jenkins
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada and
| | - Michelle L Parker
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada and
| | - Raghavendran Ramaswamy
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada and
| | - Anne Kelsen
- the Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and
| | - David M Warshaw
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Gary E Ward
- the Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and
| | - John E Burke
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada and
| | - Martin J Boulanger
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada and
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Review of Experimental Compounds Demonstrating Anti-Toxoplasma Activity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:7017-7034. [PMID: 27600037 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01176-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous apicomplexan parasite capable of infecting humans and other animals. Current treatment options for T. gondii infection are limited and most have drawbacks, including high toxicity and low tolerability. Additionally, no FDA-approved treatments are available for pregnant women, a high-risk population due to transplacental infection. Therefore, the development of novel treatment options is needed. To aid this effort, this review highlights experimental compounds that, at a minimum, demonstrate inhibition of in vitro growth of T. gondii When available, host cell toxicity and in vivo data are also discussed. The purpose of this review is to facilitate additional development of anti-Toxoplasma compounds and potentially to extend our knowledge of the parasite.
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12
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Diller DJ, Connell ND, Welsh WJ. Avalanche for shape and feature-based virtual screening with 3D alignment. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2015; 29:1015-24. [PMID: 26458937 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-015-9875-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This report introduces a new ligand-based virtual screening tool called Avalanche that incorporates both shape- and feature-based comparison with three-dimensional (3D) alignment between the query molecule and test compounds residing in a chemical database. Avalanche proceeds in two steps. The first step is an extremely rapid shape/feature based comparison which is used to narrow the focus from potentially millions or billions of candidate molecules and conformations to a more manageable number that are then passed to the second step. The second step is a detailed yet still rapid 3D alignment of the remaining candidate conformations to the query conformation. Using the 3D alignment, these remaining candidate conformations are scored, re-ranked and presented to the user as the top hits for further visualization and evaluation. To provide further insight into the method, the results from two prospective virtual screens are presented which show the ability of Avalanche to identify hits from chemical databases that would likely be missed by common substructure-based or fingerprint-based search methods. The Avalanche method is extended to enable patent landscaping, i.e., structural refinements to improve the patentability of hits for deployment in drug discovery campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Diller
- Snowdon, Inc., Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA.
- CMD Bioscience, 5 Science Park, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
| | - Nancy D Connell
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - William J Welsh
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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Leung JM, Tran F, Pathak RB, Poupart S, Heaslip AT, Ballif BA, Westwood NJ, Ward GE. Identification of T. gondii myosin light chain-1 as a direct target of TachypleginA-2, a small-molecule inhibitor of parasite motility and invasion. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98056. [PMID: 24892871 PMCID: PMC4043638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Motility of the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii plays an important role in the parasite’s life cycle and virulence within animal and human hosts. Motility is driven by a myosin motor complex that is highly conserved across the Phylum Apicomplexa. Two key components of this complex are the class XIV unconventional myosin, TgMyoA, and its associated light chain, TgMLC1. We previously showed that treatment of parasites with a small-molecule inhibitor of T. gondii invasion and motility, tachypleginA, induces an electrophoretic mobility shift of TgMLC1 that is associated with decreased myosin motor activity. However, the direct target(s) of tachypleginA and the molecular basis of the compound-induced TgMLC1 modification were unknown. We show here by “click” chemistry labelling that TgMLC1 is a direct and covalent target of an alkyne-derivatized analogue of tachypleginA. We also show that this analogue can covalently bind to model thiol substrates. The electrophoretic mobility shift induced by another structural analogue, tachypleginA-2, was associated with the formation of a 225.118 Da adduct on S57 and/or C58, and treatment with deuterated tachypleginA-2 confirmed that the adduct was derived from the compound itself. Recombinant TgMLC1 containing a C58S mutation (but not S57A) was refractory to click labelling and no longer exhibited a mobility shift in response to compound treatment, identifying C58 as the site of compound binding on TgMLC1. Finally, a knock-in parasite line expressing the C58S mutation showed decreased sensitivity to compound treatment in a quantitative 3D motility assay. These data strongly support a model in which tachypleginA and its analogues inhibit the motility of T. gondii by binding directly and covalently to C58 of TgMLC1, thereby causing a decrease in the activity of the parasite’s myosin motor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M. Leung
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biomedical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Fanny Tran
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ravindra B. Pathak
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Séverine Poupart
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Aoife T. Heaslip
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Bryan A. Ballif
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J. Westwood
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (NJW); (GEW)
| | - Gary E. Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NJW); (GEW)
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Kortagere S, Fontana ACK, Rose DR, Mortensen OV. Identification of an allosteric modulator of the serotonin transporter with novel mechanism of action. Neuropharmacology 2013; 72:282-90. [PMID: 23632081 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin transporters (SERTs) play an essential role in the termination and regulation of serotonin signaling in the brain. SERT is also the target of antidepressants and psychostimulants. Molecules with novel activities and modes of interaction with regard to SERT function are of great scientific and clinical interest. We explored structural regions outside the putative serotonin translocation pathway to identify potential binding sites for allosteric transporter modulators (ATMs). Mutational studies revealed a pocket of amino acids outside the orthosteric substrate binding sites located in the interface between extracellular loops 1 and 3 that when mutated affect transporter function. Using the structure of the bacterial transporter homolog leucine transporter as a template, we developed a structural model of SERT. We performed molecular dynamics simulations to further characterize the allosteric pocket that was identified by site-directed mutagenesis studies and employed this pocket in a virtual screen for small-molecule modulators of SERT function. In functional transport assays, we found that one of the identified molecules, ATM7, increased the reuptake of serotonin, possibly by facilitating the interaction of serotonin with transport-ready conformations of SERT when concentrations of serotonin were low and rate limiting. In addition, ATM7 potentiates 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA, "Ecstasy")-induced reversed transport by SERT. Taking advantage of a conformationally sensitive residue in transmembrane domain 6, we demonstrate that ATM7 mechanistically stabilizes an outward-facing conformation of SERT. Taken together these observations demonstrate that ATM7 acts through a novel mechanism that involves allosteric modulation of SERT function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Kortagere
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA.
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15
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Toxoplasma gondii, the agent that causes toxoplasmosis, is an opportunistic parasite that infects many mammalian species. It is an obligate intracellular parasite that causes severe congenital neurological and ocular disease mostly in immunocompromised humans. The current regimen of therapy includes only a few medications that often lead to hypersensitivity and toxicity. In addition, there are no vaccines available to prevent the transmission of this agent. Therefore, safer and more effective medicines to treat toxoplasmosis are urgently needed. AREAS COVERED The author presents in silico and in vitro strategies that are currently used to screen for novel targets and unique chemotypes against T. gondii. Furthermore, this review highlights the screening technologies and characterization of some novel targets and new chemical entities that could be developed into highly efficacious treatments for toxoplasmosis. EXPERT OPINION A number of diverse methods are being used to design inhibitors against T. gondii. These include ligand-based methods, in which drugs that have been shown to be efficacious against other Apicomplexa parasites can be repurposed to identify lead molecules against T. gondii. In addition, structure-based methods use currently available repertoire of structural information in various databases to rationally design small-molecule inhibitors of T. gondii. Whereas the screening methods have their advantages and limitations, a combination of methods is ideally suited to design small-molecule inhibitors of complex parasites such as T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Kortagere
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 2900, Queen Lane, PA 19129, USA.
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Kortagere S, Lill M, Kerrigan J. Role of computational methods in pharmaceutical sciences. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 929:21-48. [PMID: 23007425 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-050-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades computational methods have eased up the financial and experimental burden of early drug discovery process. The in silico methods have provided support in terms of databases, data mining of large genomes, network analysis, systems biology on the bioinformatics front and structure-activity relationship, similarity analysis, docking, and pharmacophore methods for lead design and optimization. This review highlights some of the applications of bioinformatics and chemoinformatics methods that have enriched the field of drug discovery. In addition, the review also provided insights into the use of free energy perturbation methods for efficiently computing binding energy. These in silico methods are complementary and can be easily integrated into the traditional in vitro and in vivo methods to test pharmacological hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Kortagere
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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