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O’Brien CT, Bell M, Hipwell AE, Stepp SD. Associations between trajectories of adolescent conduct problems and psychological well-being in young women. J Adolesc 2023; 95:865-878. [PMID: 36851853 PMCID: PMC10330015 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the clinical relevance, little is known about variability in positive adult outcomes (i.e., flourishing, life satisfaction) of female adolescent conduct problems (CP), or interpersonal factors that promote these types of well-being. We hypothesized differential associations between adolescent CP trajectories and indicators of adult well-being due to level of positive relationships with caregivers during ages 12-17. METHOD Data were drawn from participants (N = 1965) of the Pittsburgh Girls Study, a longitudinal study of girls' development. Caregiver reported CP, adolescent reports of parental trust and positive parenting, and adolescent-reported peer delinquency were assessed annually between ages 12-17. Well-being in young adulthood was measured using self-reported flourishing and life satisfaction between ages 18-22. RESULTS Latent class growth analysis of adolescent CP revealed four trajectories characterized as low stable (20.0%), moderate stable (63.9%), adolescent-onset (8.1%), and high quadratic (8.0%). Main effects of trust and positive relationships with caregivers during adolescence on well-being in early adulthood were found. Positive parenting was found to moderate the association between CP trajectory and flourishing. The magnitude of the negative association between the high quadratic trajectory group and life satisfaction decreased as positive parenting increased. CONCLUSION These results support the importance of intervention in adolescence to focus on increasing trusting and positive relationships with caregivers for all females, as this may increase well-being in adulthood regardless of adolescent CP history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T. O’Brien
- Social Sciences Department, Chatham University, Woodland Road, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Melissa Bell
- Social Sciences Department, Chatham University, Woodland Road, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Alison E. Hipwell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O’Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Stephanie D. Stepp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O’Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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Capps RE, Wilson ED, Evans SW, Allan DM, Langberg JM. Impairment's Role in the Pathway From Externalizing Psychopathology to Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents With ADHD. J Atten Disord 2023; 27:887-898. [PMID: 36915046 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231159911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the role of academic, social, and family impairment in the pathway from externalizing psychopathology to depression among young adolescents with ADHD in a multiple mediation model. METHOD The sample included adolescents with ADHD enrolled in an intervention trial. Parent ratings of externalizing psychopathology were measured at eligibility assessment, adolescent self-reported depressive symptoms were measured at eligibility and at the end of treatment, and parent-rated impairment was measured in the middle of treatment. A multiple mediation model was used to examine mediating effects of impairment types in the pathway from externalizing psychopathology to depression. RESULTS Parent-reported family impairment significantly mediated the association between externalizing psychopathology and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest family impairment mediates the association between externalizing psychopathology and depressive symptoms beyond academic and social impairment for youth with ADHD. Findings implicate the importance of targeting family functioning during early adolescence to prevent depression.
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Durrant JE, Stewart-Tufescu A, Afifi TO. Recognizing the child's right to protection from physical violence: An update on progress and a call to action. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 110:104297. [PMID: 31796214 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For centuries, some level of physical violence against children has been normalized, prescribed and legally justified. It has long been argued that violence is not abusive if it is intended as punishment and does not injure the child physically. This proposition has heavily influenced our language, research methods and approaches to intervention with the effect of perpetuating the belief that some level of violence is justifiable and acceptable in children's lives. The United Nations (UN) Convention on the Rights of the Child precipitated a global recognition that the justification of punitive violence violates children's fundamental protection rights. Yet, in the research literature, terminology, methods and approaches often minimize acts of violence if they are intended as punishment. This article summarizes progress made over the past 30 years and issues a call for transformative change in our conceptualizations of punitive violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan E Durrant
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada.
| | | | - Tracie O Afifi
- Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Canada
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Dedousis-Wallace A, Drysdale SA, McAloon J, Ollendick TH. Parental and Familial Predictors and Moderators of Parent Management Treatment Programs for Conduct Problems in Youth. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2020; 24:92-119. [PMID: 33074467 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-020-00330-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite the established efficacy of Parent Management Training (PMT) for conduct problems in youth, evidence suggests that up to half of all treated youth still display clinical levels of disruptive behavior post-treatment. The reasons for these unsatisfactory outcomes are poorly understood. The aim of the present review was to provide an updated analysis of studies from the past 15 years that examined parental and familial predictors and moderators of improvement in PMT for conduct problems. A systematic literature review of indicated prevention (children with conduct problem symptoms) and intervention (children with clinical diagnoses) studies published between 2004 and 2019 was conducted. This 15-year time period was examined since the last systematic reviews were reported in 2006 and summarized studies completed through mid-2004 (see Lundahl et al. in Clin Psychol Rev 26(1):86-104, 2006; Reyno and McGrath in J Child Psychol Psychiatry 47(1):99-111, 2006). Risk of bias indices was also computed (see Higgins et al. in Revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0), University of Bristol, Bristol, 2016) in our review. A total of 21 studies met inclusion criteria. Results indicated that a positive parent-child relationship was most strongly associated with better outcomes; however, little additional consistency in findings was evident. Future PMT research should routinely examine predictors and moderators that are both conceptually and empirically associated with treatment outcomes. This would further our understanding of factors that are associated with poorer treatment outcome and inform the development of treatment components or modes of delivery that might likely enhance evidence-based treatments and our clinical science. Protocol Registration Number: PROSPERO CRD42017058996.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dedousis-Wallace
- The Kidman Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia. .,Discipline of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.
| | - Sophia A Drysdale
- The Kidman Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - John McAloon
- Discipline of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas H Ollendick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Booker JA, Capriola-Hall NN, Greene RW, Ollendick TH. The Parent-Child Relationship and Posttreatment Child Outcomes Across Two Treatments for Oppositional Defiant Disorder. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2020; 49:405-419. [PMID: 30730774 PMCID: PMC6685776 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2018.1555761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the degree to which the parent-child relationship uniquely predicted clinical outcomes in externalizing problems and adaptive skills in children meeting diagnostic criteria for oppositional defiant disorder and whether facets of this relationship moderated the effects of two unique psychosocial treatments. We recruited 134 children and their parents (38.06% female; M age = 9.52 years, range = 7-14; 83.58% White). Families were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: Parent Management Training (PMT) and Collaborative and Proactive Solutions (CPS). We formed principal components from pretreatment reports and behaviors of the parent-child relationship to predict within- and between-family outcomes in children's externalizing problems and adaptive skills. Four principal components were supported (parental warmth, parental monitoring, family hostility, and family permissiveness). Parental monitoring predicted fewer externalizing problems, whereas family permissiveness predicted more externalizing problems. Parental warmth predicted greatest improvements in children's adaptive skills among families receiving PMT. Family hostility predicted more externalizing problems and poorer adaptive skills for children; however, families receiving CPS were buffered from the negative effect of family hostility on adaptive skills. The parent-child relationship can uniquely inform posttreatment outcomes following treatment for oppositional defiant disorder. Certain treatment approaches may better fit unique relationships that emphasize warmth and/or hostility, allowing clinicians to anticipate and tailor treatments to families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A. Booker
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Booker JA, Capriola-Hall NN, Dunsmore JC, Greene RW, Ollendick TH. Change in Maternal Stress for Families in Treatment for their Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2018; 27:2552-2561. [PMID: 30294196 PMCID: PMC6171367 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-018-1089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to predict change in maternal stress over the course of a randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy of two interventions for Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD): Parent Management Training and Collaborative & Proactive Solutions. In a secondary analysis of data collected from this randomized clinical trial, we examined whether children's self-reported positive relations with their parents impacted responsiveness to treatment, which in turn impacted maternal stress. One hundred thirty-four children and their parents (38.1% female, ages 7-14, M age = 9.51, SD = 1.77) were tracked across three time points: pre-treatment; one-week post-treatment; and six-month post-treatment. Hierarchical linear models tested change in children's reports of positive relations with parents, clinician reports of ODD severity, and maternal reports of parenting stress. Models then tested multilevel mediation from positive relations with parents, through ODD severity, onto maternal stress. Hypothesized indirect effects were supported such that children's reports of positive views toward parents uniquely predicted reductions in ODD severity over time, which in turn uniquely predicted reductions in maternal stress. Results highlight the promise of potential secondary benefits for parents following interventions for children with oppositional problems. Furthermore, results underscore the importance of the parent-child relationship as both a protective factor and as an additional target to complement interventions for child disruptive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ross W. Greene
- Child Study Center, Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech
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Holden GW, Grogan-Kaylor A, Durrant JE, Gershoff ET. Researchers Deserve a Better Critique: Response to. MARRIAGE & FAMILY REVIEW 2017; 53:465-490. [PMID: 38288142 PMCID: PMC10824463 DOI: 10.1080/01494929.2017.1308899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
This commentary addresses the critique by Larzelere, Gunnoe, Roberts, and Ferguson (2017: Marriage & Family Review, 53, 24-35) ostensibly concerning the quality of research on "positive parenting" but actually critiquing physical punishment research. The critique revealed that the authors have a poor understanding of positive parenting. After explicating the different meanings of that term and describing what positive parenting is, we then address each of their four critiques of the physical punishment research. Each critique was flawed in multiple ways. After identifying their errors and correcting misinformation, we then raise broader issues about children's right not to be hit and how professional organizations are increasingly recognizing the need and calling for an end to all physical punishment of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- George W. Holden
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Joan E. Durrant
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Elizabeth T. Gershoff
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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