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Stern JA, Bailey NA, Costello MA, Hazelwood OA, Allen JP. Fathers' contributions to attachment in adolescence and adulthood: the moderating role of race, gender, income, and residential status. Attach Hum Dev 2024:1-25. [PMID: 38869354 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2024.2366391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Fathers play a critical yet underappreciated role in adolescent development. To examine contributions of fathers' parenting to attachment in adolescence and adulthood, this longitudinal study followed 184 adolescents from ages 13-24. At age 13, adolescents reported on their fathers' parenting behavior and were observed in a father-teen conflict task; at ages 14 and 24, they completed the Adult Attachment Interview. Adolescents who lived with their father showed higher attachment security at age 14 (Cohen's d = .72), compared to those with non-residential fathers. Fathers' positive relatedness and support for teens' psychological autonomy predicted attachment security at age 14. Fathers' physical aggression predicted attachment insecurity in adolescence, whereas fathers' verbal aggression predicted insecurity in adulthood, illuminating developmental shifts. Pathways to security were moderated by father residential status, adolescent gender, and race. Findings underscore the importance of fathers' presence, autonomy support, and non-aggression in predicting adolescents' state of mind in close relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Stern
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
- Department of Psychological Science, Pomona College, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Natasha A Bailey
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Meghan A Costello
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | | | - Joseph P Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
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Bailey NA, Costello MA, Stern JA, Davis AA, Allen JP. Adolescent responses to paternal verbal aggression: Assessing spillover and compensatory processes using random intercept cross-lagged panel models. J Adolesc 2024. [PMID: 38643412 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prior research suggests several pathways through which verbal aggression manifests across adolescent relationship contexts, including spillover (continuity of aggression across different relationships) and compensation (offsetting an aggressive relationship with less aggression in other relationships). These pathways vary across timescales in ways that between-person analytic approaches are unlikely to adequately capture. The current study used random intercept cross-lagged panel modeling (RI-CLPM) to examine adolescents' spillover and compensatory responses to paternal verbal aggression. METHODS Participants were 184 adolescents (53.2% female) from a United States community sample participating in a longitudinal study. Annually from ages 13-17, participants reported on their experiences of verbal aggression in their paternal and maternal relationships and participated in observed interactions with a close peer that were coded for aggressive behavior. RESULTS Spillover was observed from father-adolescent to mother-adolescent and adolescent-peer contexts in analyses at the between-person level, likely capturing long-term, cumulative effects of paternal aggression. Conversely, compensation was observed in analyses at the within-person level, likely capturing medium-term (i.e., year-to-year) adaptations to paternal aggression: Adolescents who experienced more aggression from their father than expected at a specific time point were less likely to both perpetrate and experience aggression in maternal and peer relationships the following year. Several findings differed across teen gender, with compensation more likely to occur in males than females. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the multiple pathways by which father-adolescent aggression may be linked to behavior in other relationships in the medium- and long-term. They also support the value of RI-CLPM in decomposing these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha A Bailey
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Meghan A Costello
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jessica A Stern
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Alida A Davis
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Joseph P Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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González-Rubio M, Delgadillo-Ramos G, Valles-Medina AM, Caloca-Leon H, De-La-Mora S. Internalizing and externalizing behaviors in high school adolescents in a northern border city of Mexico and their type of family. Aten Primaria 2023; 55:102743. [PMID: 37696116 PMCID: PMC10497778 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2023.102743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identify externalizing and internalizing behaviors in high school adolescents in three schools in a northern border city in Mexico and their type of family. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. LOCATION Three schools in the city of Tijuana, Mexico: two public and one private. PARTICIPANTS 454 baccalaureate students 14-19 years old. MAIN MEASUREMENTS We utilized Youth Self Report Scale, adapted and validated in Spanish, that measure internalization behaviors (anxiety, depression, isolation or somatic complaints), and externalization behaviors (verbal aggressiveness, delinquent behavior and attention-seeking). For dichotomous discrimination between deviant and nondeviant scores, we use the borderline clinical range by classifying YSR scale's T scores≥60, and to analyze the relationship between behavior problems or competencies and living or not in a nuclear family we utilized multiple logistic regression. RESULTS 55% were female, mean age 16.4 years±0.98, and 62.3% came from a nuclear family. Prevalence of internalizing behaviors was 15.6%, and externalizing behaviors 14.8%. Women had statistically higher mean scores in depressive, anxious and verbally aggressive behavior, somatic complaints, and thought problems. The prevalence of internalizing behaviors in adolescents with nuclear family was 11.7% (n=33), and for adolescents with another type of family was 22.2% (n=38), OR 2.17 (CI 95% 1.30-3.61, p=0.003), but no differences was observed for externalizing behaviors and family type. When adjusted for sex, age, and public or private school, internalizing behaviors and specifically depressive behavior remained significant. CONCLUSIONS We detected a moderate prevalence of internalizing behaviors in Mexican adolescents, predominantly among women, and also observed that not living with a nuclear family increases the odds of presenting internalizing behaviors. It is important that parents, teachers, and healthcare workers remain vigilant to detect these problems in a timely manner and develop interventions to improve the mental health and well-being of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa González-Rubio
- Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Maestría en Salud Pública, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana, Mexico; AMORH: Apoyo Multidisciplinario de Orientación a la Realización Humana, A.C. Calle Amado Paniagua #200, Int. 201, Col. Aviación, Tijuana, B.C., Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Delgadillo-Ramos
- Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Maestría en Salud Pública, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana, Mexico
| | - Ana M Valles-Medina
- Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Maestría en Salud Pública, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana, Mexico.
| | - Héctor Caloca-Leon
- Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana, Mexico
| | - Silverio De-La-Mora
- AMORH: Apoyo Multidisciplinario de Orientación a la Realización Humana, A.C. Calle Amado Paniagua #200, Int. 201, Col. Aviación, Tijuana, B.C., Mexico
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Jensen TM. Stepparent-Child Relationships and Child Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF FAMILY NURSING 2022; 28:321-340. [PMID: 35657143 DOI: 10.1177/10748407221097460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An inclusive conceptualization of "family" can enable family-serving systems and professionals to leverage high-quality family relationships, wherever they are found, to support the health and well-being of individuals. Stepfamilies are an especially common family form with distinct needs and experiences, and stepparent-child relationships can take on a variety of functions with implications for family stability and individual well-being. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize empirical associations between stepparent-child relationships and child outcomes. General findings from 56 studies highlighted significant associations between several dimensions of stepparent-child relationships and children's psychological, behavioral, social, academic, and physical well-being. Meta-analytic findings from 68 effect-size estimates further substantiated significant and positive associations between stepparent-child relationship quality and child psychological well-being (mean r = .25) and academic well-being (mean r = .23), as well as significant and negative associations between stepparent-child relationship quality and child psychological problems (mean r = -.23) and behavioral problems (mean r = -.19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd M Jensen
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
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Peng C, Chen J, Liao Y, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Wu H, Zheng X. Father-child attachment and externalizing problem behavior in early adolescence: A moderated mediation model. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ferrar SJ, Stack DM, Baldassarre KS, Orsini A, Serbin LA. Conflict Resolution and Emotional Expression in Sibling and Mother-Adolescent Dyads: Within-Family and Across-Context Similarities. THE JOURNAL OF EARLY ADOLESCENCE 2022; 42:227-261. [PMID: 35103031 PMCID: PMC8796158 DOI: 10.1177/02724316211020360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Early adolescents (aged 12-15) were observed during dyadic conflict discussions with their siblings ( n = 23) and mothers ( n = 32) in their homes. The verbal conflict behaviors and affect of family members were coded continuously. Sequential analyses identified temporal associations between individuals’ affect and their own and their partners’ verbal conflict behaviors. In addition, within-family and across-context similarities in behavior were examined. Results revealed that while many links between emotion and behavior were consistent with previous research (e.g., attack/assert when frowning/upset, withdraw/concede when sad), several differences emerged depending on the relationship (sibling vs. mother-adolescent) and position in the family (e.g., adolescent vs. mother). Furthermore, many within-family similarities were observed in responses to emotion, while adolescents showed few similarities in their behavior across contexts. Results are discussed in relation to the developmental context of early adolescence and family systems theory.
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Walker KA, Jiang X. An examination of the moderating role of growth mindset in the relation between social stress and externalizing behaviors among adolescents. J Adolesc 2022; 94:69-80. [PMID: 35353404 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Experiencing elevated stress increases the risk of further difficulties in mental health, including externalizing behaviors in adolescents. There is a need for understanding the factors that help adolescents mitigate social stress to prevent problematic externalizing behaviors. Growth mindset has been found to be a promising protective factor in adolescent development including mental health. This study aimed to examine the potential buffering role of growth mindset of thoughts-emotion-and-behaviors in the context of two types of social stress (i.e., family and peer) to reduce externalizing behaviors among adolescents. METHODS The sample is composed of 399 adolescents (age range 14-18 years, M = 16.22, SD = 1.21; 56.4% female, 42.3% male, 1.3% gender-nonconforming or variant) from a large, urban, diverse high school in the United States. Adolescent self-reports were administered at one time. RESULTS Moderation analyses revealed that growth mindset of thoughts, emotion, and behaviors moderate the association between family stress and externalizing behaviors. The magnitude of this association weakened as the level of growth mindset increased, supporting the buffering effect of the moderator. Neither the moderation effect of growth mindset nor the main effects of peer stress and growth mindset were significant in predicting externalizing behaviors. CONCLUSION Taken together, the findings suggested that growth mindset has protective effects in reducing externalizing behaviors when adolescents experience family stress. Future directions and implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A Walker
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Xu Jiang
- Department of Psychological Studies in Education, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Peng C, Chen J, Wu H, Liu Y, Liao Y, Wu Y, Zheng X. Father-Child Conflict and Chinese Adolescent Depression: A Moderated Mediation Model. Front Psychol 2021; 12:723250. [PMID: 34690882 PMCID: PMC8529105 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.723250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of father-child conflict and regulatory emotional self-efficacy (RESE) on Chinese adolescent depression, 654 middle-school students were measured. The results showed that: (1) Father-son conflict was significantly lower than father-daughter conflict, girls’ depression was significantly higher than that of boys, and boys’ RESE and self-efficacy in regulating negative emotions (NEG) were significantly higher than that for girls, but there was no significant difference between boys and girls in self-efficacy in expressing positive emotions (POS). (2) Father-child conflict was significantly positively associated with Chinese adolescent depression. Father-child conflict was negatively correlated with RESE, and its two dimensions. Both POS and NEG played a partial mediating role in the relationship between father-child conflict and adolescent depression. (3) Gender only regulated the relationship between NEG and adolescent depression. Compared to boys, girls are more affected by depression at the low level of NEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Peng
- School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianwen Chen
- School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huifen Wu
- School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hunan Railway Professional Technology College, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Youguo Liao
- School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Mental Health Education Center, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuqin Wu
- School of Foreign Languages, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Xintong Zheng
- School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Changing family relationships and mental health of Chinese adolescents: the role of living arrangements. Public Health 2020; 186:110-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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