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Raji OE, Kyeremah EB, Sears DD, St-Onge MP, Makarem N. Chrononutrition and Cardiometabolic Health: An Overview of Epidemiological Evidence and Key Future Research Directions. Nutrients 2024; 16:2332. [PMID: 39064774 PMCID: PMC11280377 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chrononutrition is a rapidly evolving field of nutritional epidemiology that addresses the complex relationship between temporal eating patterns, circadian rhythms, and metabolic health, but most prior research has focused on the cardiometabolic consequences of time-restricted feeding and intermittent fasting. The purpose of this topical review is to summarize epidemiological evidence from observational and intervention studies regarding the role of chrononutrition metrics related to eating timing and regularity in cardiometabolic health preservation and cardiovascular disease prevention. Observational studies are limited due to the lack of time-stamped diet data in most population-based studies. Findings from cohort studies generally indicate that breakfast skipping or the later timing of the first eating occasion, a later lunch and dinner, and a greater proportion of caloric intake consumed in the evening are associated with adverse cardiometabolic outcomes, including higher risk for coronary heart disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, and systemic inflammation. Randomized controlled trials are also limited, as most in the field of chrononutrition focus on the cardiometabolic consequences of time-restricted feeding. Overall, interventions that shift eating timing patterns to earlier in the day and that restrict evening caloric intake tend to have protective effects on cardiometabolic health, but small sample sizes and short follow-up are notable limitations. Innovation in dietary assessment approaches, to develop low-cost validated tools with acceptable participant burden that reliably capture chrononutrition metrics, is needed for advancing observational evidence. Culturally responsive pragmatic intervention studies with sufficiently large and representative samples are needed to understand the impact of fixed and earlier eating timing schedules on cardiometabolic health. Additional research is warranted to understand the modifiable determinants of temporal eating patterns, to investigate the role of chrononutrition in the context of other dimensions of diet (quantity, quality, and food and nutrition security) in achieving cardiometabolic health equity, and to elucidate underlying physiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatimilehin E. Raji
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (O.E.R.); (E.B.K.)
| | - Esther B. Kyeremah
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (O.E.R.); (E.B.K.)
| | - Dorothy D. Sears
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Marie-Pierre St-Onge
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
- Sleep Center of Excellence, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nour Makarem
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (O.E.R.); (E.B.K.)
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Kötzsche M, Teuber R, Jordan I, Heil E, Torheim LE, Arroyo-Izaga M. Prevalence and predictors of food insecurity among university students - Results from the Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany. Prev Med Rep 2023; 36:102526. [PMID: 38116256 PMCID: PMC10728436 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of food insecurity (FI) among university students in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a cross-sectional study (n = 626) between November and December 2021 at the Justus Liebig University in Giessen, Germany, using an online questionnaire. The analysis of FI was based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). We statistically validated our data using the Rasch model. Moreover, demographic, socio-economic and educational variables were collected using a questionnaire developed by the Food Insecurity among European University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic (FINESCOP) consortium. Overall, 27.5 % of the university students are food insecure. The proportion of university students experiencing moderate or severe food insecurity (FImod+sev) is 10.4 % and the proportion experiencing severe food insecurity (FIsev) 0.9 %. Results from a logistic regression showed that students have a higher chance to be food insecure if they were not born in Europe and if their parents have a secondary or lower educational level. We further found an association between age and FI. Also receiving a student loan during the pandemic and getting food assistance increased the likelihood of being food insecure. Our results show that FI is prevalent among this particularly vulnerable population group. Thus, public health, as well as policy efforts may need to become more target group-specific in accordance with the identified circumstances and specific characteristics to avoid that university students suffer from FI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Kötzsche
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Nutritional Sciences and Environmental Management, Chair of Agricultural and Food Market Analysis, Senckenbergstraße 3, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ramona Teuber
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Nutritional Sciences and Environmental Management, Chair of Agricultural and Food Market Analysis, Senckenbergstraße 3, 35390 Giessen, Germany
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Centre for Sustainable Food Systems, Senckenbergstr. 3, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Irmgard Jordan
- Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, Food Environment and Consumer Behaviour, Africa Hub, P.O. Box 823-00621, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Eleonore Heil
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Nutritional Sciences and Environmental Management, Working group of Nutrition Ecology, Senckenbergstraße 3, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Liv E. Torheim
- Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marta Arroyo-Izaga
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, BIOMICs Research Group, Microfluidics & BIOMICs Cluster, Bioaraba, BA04.03, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Loth KA, Hersch D, Trofholz A, Harnack L, Norderud K. Impacts of COVID-19 on the home food environment and eating related behaviors of families with young children based on food security status. Appetite 2023; 180:106345. [PMID: 36257356 PMCID: PMC9575311 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This mixed-methods study endeavored to expand the current understanding of how early pandemic related disruptions impacted the home food environment and parent feeding practices of families with young children. Data for this study are taken from the Kids EAT! Study, a racially/ethnically diverse cohort of families with 2-5 year old children. Individual interviews were conducted by phone and video conference with mothers (n = 25) during August/September of 2020 and were coded using a hybrid deductive/inductive analysis approach. Parents also reported on their family's food insecurity status enabling qualitative findings to be stratified by family-level food security status. Two overarching themes were identified related to how families in this sample describe the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on their home food environment. Themes included 1) Impacts on obtaining food for one's family, and 2) Specific changes in parent feeding practices. Findings indicated variation within each theme by family food security status. Overall, families experiencing food insecurity more frequently discussed using various coping strategies, including stocking up, rationing food, and use of supplemental food resources, to overcome challenges associated with obtaining food brought on by COVID-19. Families with food insecurity also reported having more time for home cooked meals and more frequently discussed enforcing less structure (timing of meal, place) related to meals/snacks consumed at home during the pandemic. The impacts of the COVID-19 persist, ranging from ongoing economic challenges, inconsistent access to childcare for families, and the emergence of new, more contagious, variants. With this, interventions to address food insecurity amongst families with young children should consider how to optimize the home food environment and promote healthful parent feeding practices within the families they serve in the face of an evolving public health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Loth
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA.
| | - Derek Hersch
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
| | - Amanda Trofholz
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
| | - Lisa Harnack
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Kristin Norderud
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
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Schuler BR, Vazquez CE, Hernandez DC. How Does Consistency of Food and Nutrition Support Effect Daily Food Consumption among Children Living in Poverty? Recession-Era Implications. Nutrients 2022; 15:29. [PMID: 36615687 PMCID: PMC9824108 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Underutilization of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance (SNAP) food safety net programs may compromise child nutritional benefits for families with limited incomes. Using a sample of children surveyed before (2003−2006) and after the Great Recession (2007−2009), we examine whether consistent access to WIC and SNAP during times of increased economic stress moderated the association between poverty level (i.e., income-needs ratio [INR]) and fruits and vegetables (FV) or foods high in saturated fats and added sugars (SFAS). Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study income-eligible mothers/children (≤185% of poverty) with available FV and SFAS data at the 5- (2003−2006) and 9-year (2007−2010) waves (n = 733) were included. Main effects of INR and interaction effects of consistency of WIC, SNAP, and dual WIC and SNAP support from birth through age 5 were examined. INR was associated with decreased FV consumption frequency from age 5 to 9, conditional upon consistency of dual WIC/SNAP enrollment. FV declined when there was low consistency (<1 year) of dual support. FV consumption was stable across INR when combined WIC/SNAP support lasted at least 2 years. Results can inform strategies for optimizing the nutritional impact of WIC and SNAP by focusing on those most at risk for underutilization of multiple benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany R. Schuler
- School of Social Work, College of Public Health, Temple University, 1301 Cecil B Moore Ave., Ritter Annex 5th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Christian E. Vazquez
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Daphne C. Hernandez
- Cizik School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Huda SU, Ahmad L, Rasul S, Aslam M. A study on factors leading to poor mental health of children in Punjab, Pakistan. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 50:3210-3220. [PMID: 35218036 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this article, the several factors have been investigated relating to the poor mental health of the children in Punjab, Pakistan. Using the data of the survey conducted by the Punjab Bureau of Statistics, different determinants of child malnutrition and poverty were diagnosed based upon sufficient information of the children under 5 year of age. Logistic regression analysis methodology has been applied for screening the most influential factors of the study. It has been observed that the rise in poverty has prejudiced the nutritional position of the children, the mother's education, and the fitness of the youth. It has also been observed that male children are more at risk to poor mental health than female children. A number of policy issues came to light from the findings of the study. The wealth index of all three anthropometric measures, the child malnutrition status of uneducated mothers, and the child diarrhea menace are the significant areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liaquat Ahmad
- Department of Statistics and Computer Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Rasul
- Punjab Bureau of Statistics, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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