1
|
Rosa V, Silikas N, Yu B, Dubey N, Sriram G, Zinelis S, Lima AF, Bottino MC, Ferreira JN, Schmalz G, Watts DC. Guidance on the assessment of biocompatibility of biomaterials: Fundamentals and testing considerations. Dent Mater 2024:S0109-5641(24)00221-5. [PMID: 39129079 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing the biocompatibility of materials is crucial for ensuring the safety and well-being of patients by preventing undesirable, toxic, immune, or allergic reactions, and ensuring that materials remain functional over time without triggering adverse reactions. To ensure a comprehensive assessment, planning tests that carefully consider the intended application and potential exposure scenarios for selecting relevant assays, cell types, and testing parameters is essential. Moreover, characterizing the composition and properties of biomaterials allows for a more accurate understanding of test outcomes and the identification of factors contributing to cytotoxicity. Precise reporting of methodology and results facilitates research reproducibility and understanding of the findings by the scientific community, regulatory agencies, healthcare providers, and the general public. AIMS This article aims to provide an overview of the key concepts associated with evaluating the biocompatibility of biomaterials while also offering practical guidance on cellular principles, testing methodologies, and biological assays that can support in the planning, execution, and reporting of biocompatibility testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Rosa
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore; ORCHIDS: Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Nikolaos Silikas
- Dental Biomaterials, Dentistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Baiqing Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Nileshkumar Dubey
- ORCHIDS: Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, United States.
| | - Gopu Sriram
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore; ORCHIDS: Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Spiros Zinelis
- School of Dentistry National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Greece.
| | - Adriano F Lima
- Dental Research Division, Paulista University, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marco C Bottino
- School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
| | - Joao N Ferreira
- Center of Excellence for Innovation for Oral Health and Healthy Longevity, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand.
| | - Gottfried Schmalz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - David C Watts
- School of Medical Sciences and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alghazzawi TF. The effects of monomer type, filler size, and filler content of three resin cements on the color stability of laminate veneers exposed to accelerated aging. Dent Mater 2024; 40:e23-e30. [PMID: 38902146 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Commercially available resin cements consist of various filler sizes, filler content and monomers, and it is unclear which of these factors have the greatest effect on the color stability of laminate veneers. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the color stability of lithium disilicate-reinforced laminate veneers inserted with three commercial resin cements with various filler sizes/contents and monomers upon accelerated aging. METHODS Veneers were fabricated and cemented on resin abutments using three commercially available resin cements comprised of two different monomers and varying filler sizes/contents: 1) triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, TEGDMA (RelyX™ Veneer = 0.6 µm/66 %, Calibra® Esthetic Light Cure =1.2 µm/65 %); and 2) urethane dimethacrylate, UDMA (Variolink Esthetic LC = 0.1 µm/38 %). A total of 60 specimens were fabricated (n = 20 for each cement). The relative number of particles (N) and relative surface area (A) were calculated for each filler size/content. Color coordinates (L*, a*, b*) were measured, and color change (ΔE00) was calculated after cementation and following aging at 150, 300, 450, and 600 h using xenon light. Differences in color coordinates and color change were determined using repeated measures ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test (α = .05). A post-hoc power analysis was performed to confirm reliability of the results. RESULTS Based on a post-hoc power analysis of a repeated measures ANOVA with two between-factors and 1 within-factor, we had 89 % power to detect a difference of effect by cement type, 10 % power to detect a difference by shade, and 100 % power to detect a difference of effect by aging. The UDMA-based cement (0.1 µm/38 %) was least affected by aging, despite having the largest number of particles (N = 1010) and largest particle surface area (A = 7.02). The TEGDMA-based cements exhibited a significant color change, with 0.6 µm/66 % (A = 2.03, N = 8.12) producing a larger ΔE00 than 1.2 µm/65 % (A = 1.00, N = 1.00). CONCLUSIONS Among the commercial cements tested, UDMA-based resin (0.1 µm/38 %) provided better color stability than TEGDMA-based resin cements. The color change after aging was affected by the relative surface area and relative number of particles for the TEGDMA-based resin cement (0.6 µm/66 % and 1.2 µm/65 %), with a larger surface area and a higher relative number of particles, accelerated color change with aging. The present study demonstrates a novel approach to determine color stability for any resin cement with particulate filler. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The dental practitioner should be selective in choosing a commercial light cure cementation product for laminate veneers, as UDMA containing resin cement is more resistant to color changes over time than TEGDMA, regardless of the filler size/content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tariq F Alghazzawi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hampe T, Liersch J, Wiechens B, Bürgers R, Krohn S. Bisphenol A release from CAD/CAM splint materials. Eur J Oral Sci 2024; 132:e12993. [PMID: 38778467 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the bisphenol A (BPA) release from four CAD/CAM splint materials: three polycarbonate-based (DD BioSplint C, Splint Plus Biostar, Temp Premium Flexible) and one polymethylmethacrylate-based (Temp Basic) material. From each material, ten cylindrical samples (n = 40) were immersed in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade water following ISO 10993-12 and incubated for 24 h in an incubation shaker at 37°C and 112 rpm. Following BPA derivatization, analysis was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). After 24 h of incubation, all investigated materials released significant amounts of BPA compared to water blanks. The material-dependent elution increased in the following order: DD BioSplint C < Splint Plus Biostar < Temp Basic < Temp Premium Flexible. Subtracting extraneous BPA, the concentrations ranged between 2.27 ng/mL and 12.65 ng/mL. After extrapolating the concentrations in relation to the average surface area of occlusal splints, the amount of BPA per mL exceeded the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) set by the European Union for a person weighing 70 kg by 1.32-6.16 times. Contrary to the release from previously investigated materials, BPA elution from CAD/CAM splint materials was highly elevated. Considering the increasing adaptation of CAD/CAM techniques, elution from them may represent a relevant BPA source in daily dental practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Hampe
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Liersch
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wiechens
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Bürgers
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Krohn
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Marovic D, Bota M, Tarle F, Par M, Haugen HJ, Zheng K, Pavić D, Miloš M, Čižmek L, Babić S, Čož-Rakovac R, Trebše P, Boccaccini AR. The influence of copper-doped mesoporous bioactive nanospheres on the temperature rise during polymerization, polymer cross-linking density, monomer release and embryotoxicity of dental composites. Dent Mater 2024; 40:1078-1087. [PMID: 38797613 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Composites with copper-doped mesoporous bioactive nanospheres (Cu-MBGN) were developed to prevent secondary caries by imparting antimicrobial and ion-releasing/remineralizing properties. METHODS Seven experimental composites containing 1, 5 or 10 wt% Cu-MBGN, the corresponding inert controls (silica) and bioactive controls (bioactive glass 45S5) were prepared. The temperature rise during light curing, cross-linking density by ethanol softening test, monomer elution and their potential adverse effects on the early development of zebrafish Danio rerio was investigated. RESULTS Materials combining Cu-MBGN and silica showed the highest resistance to ethanol softening, as did the bioactive controls. Cu-MBGN composites showed significant temperature rise and reached maximum temperature in the shortest time. Bisphenol A was not detected, while bis-GMA was found only in the control materials and TEGDMA in the eluates of all materials. There was no increase in zebrafish mortality and abnormality rates during exposure to the eluates of any of the materials. CONCLUSIONS The composite with 5 wt% Cu-MBGN combined with nanosilica fillers showed the lowest ethanol softening, indicating the polymer's highest durability and cross-linking density. Despite the TEGDMA released from all tested materials, no embryotoxic effect was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Marovic
- University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dental Medicine, Gunduliceva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Maria Bota
- student, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Gunduliceva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Frano Tarle
- student, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Gunduliceva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matej Par
- University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dental Medicine, Gunduliceva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Håvard J Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Geitmyrsveien 71, 0455 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kai Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Rd., 210029 Nanjing, China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | - Lara Čižmek
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Laboratory for Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Division of Materials Chemistry, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Babić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Laboratory for Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Division of Materials Chemistry, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Laboratory for Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Division of Materials Chemistry, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Polonca Trebše
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kazak M, Sarialioglu Gungor A, Ozman Z, Donmez N. Comparative cell viability of dentin-bonding adhesive systems on human dental pulp stem cells: time-dependent analysis. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:663. [PMID: 38849812 PMCID: PMC11157729 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04438-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restorative materials are in prolonged contact with living tissues such as oral mucosa, dentin, pulp, periodontal, and periapical tissues. Therefore, the potentially harmful effects of these materials and their components on oral tissues should be evaluated before clinical use. This study aimed to compare the cell viability of different adhesive systems (ASs) on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). METHODS Three ASs that combining methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) monomer with new hydrophilic amide monomers [Clearfil Universal Bond Quick(CUBQ), Kuraray Noritake], self-reinforcing 3D monomer [Bond Force II(BFII), Tokuyama)], and dual-cure property [Futurabond DC(FBDC), VOCO] were used. Three (n = 3) samples were prepared for each group. Dental pulp stem cells were isolated from ten patients' extracted third molar teeth. Samples were incubated in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) for 24 h (h), 72 h, and 7 days (d) to obtain extracts. For the control group, cells were cultured without DBA samples. Cell viability of ASs extracts was measured using a cell proliferation detection kit (WST-1, Roche). Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA and post-hoc (Duncan) tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS At 24 and 72 h statistically significant differences were determined between control and BFII, control and FBDC groups (p < 0.05), while no differences between control and CUBQ groups (p > 0.05). On the 7th d, statistically significant differences were found between the control and experimental groups (p < 0.05), while no differences between experimental groups (p > 0.05). A statistically significant difference was detected for the BFII group over the three-time interval (p < 0.05). The lowest cell viability was observed for the FBDC group at 24 h, and the difference was statistically significant when compared with 72 h and 7th d (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION All ASs showed different cell viability values at various exposure times. It should be taken into consideration that pH values, as well as the contents of ASs, have a significant effect on the cell viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magrur Kazak
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Bahcesehir University School of Dental Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye.
- School of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, BAU International University, Batumi, Georgia.
| | - Ayca Sarialioglu Gungor
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Istanbul Galata University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Zeynep Ozman
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Nazmiye Donmez
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Del Giudice C, Rengo C, Maglitto M, Armogida NG, Iaculli F, Rengo S, Menale C, Spagnuolo G. Cytotoxicity effects and differentiation potential of ormocer-based and nanohybrid composite resins on human dental pulp stem cells. Dent Mater 2024; 40:984-992. [PMID: 38724333 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to compare conventional nanohybrid (Ceram.x Spectra) and ormocer-based (Admira fusion) dental composite resins effects on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) in terms of cytotoxicity, self-renewal, migration and osteogenic differentiation. METHODS hDPSCs were cultured in presence of different dilutions (undiluted, form 1:2 to 1:100) of CeramX (CX) and Admira fusion (AD) eluates and viability assay in standard or osteogenic conditions were performed. Samples and eluates were prepared according to ISO 10993-12. In addition, apoptosis, self-renewal and migration activity evaluations were carried out. Osteogenic differentiation potential was tested by Alkaline Phosphatase Activity, alizarin red staining and gene expression of specific markers (ALP, RUNX2, OCN, OPN and COL1α1). Statistical analysis was performed by means of a One-way analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA) followed by a Tukey's test for multiple comparison; results were presented as mean ± standard error of mean (SEM). RESULTS Admira Fusion demonstrated to be highly biocompatible and showed positive effects on hDPSCs proliferation and differentiation; on the contrary, conventional nanohybrid composite showed to be more cytotoxic and without any notable effect on stem cells differentiation. Moreover, the obtained results were further corroborated by a significant upregulation of osteogenic differentiation markers obtained in presence of ormocer-based composite resin eluate. Specifically, in AD 1:50 group expression levels of ALP, Runx2, Col1α1 were double than control (ALP, p = 0.045; Runx2, p = 0.003; Col1α1, p = 0.001) and CX 1:50 (ALP, p = 0.006; RUNX2, p = 0.029; Col1α1, p = 0.005). Moreover, in the same group, OPN and OCN resulted about 5 times more expressed as compared to control (OPN, p = 0.009; OCN, p = 0.0005) and CX 1:50 (OPN, p = 0.012; OCN, p = 0.0006). SIGNIFICANCE The less cytotoxicity obtained by AD than conventional nanohybrid composite may be attributed to a reduced monomers release in the oral environment, supporting the hypothesis of limited adverse effect and enhanced healing potential, mainly when the material is positioned in close contact with pulp tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Del Giudice
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - C Rengo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - M Maglitto
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - N G Armogida
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - F Iaculli
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - S Rengo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - C Menale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - G Spagnuolo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tauseef K, Amin F, Moin SF, Khurshid Z, Aslam K, Jabeen B. Evaluation of the Impact of Irradiance Lamps and Storage Media on Elution of TEGDMA from Dental Composites. Eur J Dent 2024. [PMID: 38788770 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of irradiance light and storage media on the elution of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) from conventional Filtek Z350XT 3M ESPE and two bulk-fill composites Shofu Beautifil-Bulk and Filtek Bulk fill flowable 3M ESPE using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Shofu Beautifil-Bulk, Filtek Bulk fill flowable 3M ESPE, and Filtek Z350XT 3M ESPE were the three types of composites used in this study. Disk shaped samples of 4-mm thickness and 10-mm diameter were fabricated using a stainless steel mold and were polymerized using light emitting diode (LED) and quartz tungsten halogen (QTH) lamps. After polymerization, the samples were immersed in ethanol, artificial saliva with betel quid extract, and distilled water for 1, 7, and 30 days, respectively. The elution of monomer TEGDMA was evaluated using HPLC. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS To evaluate the mean concentration difference, mixed way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied. Between different light, materials, and within the time duration, Tukey's post hoc test was used. A p value of 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS During the first day of storage, a significant amount of monomer TEGDMA elution was seen in all the materials. The highest values observed to be in the disks cured with QTH lamp. However, the highest elution was seen when the disks were immersed in ethanol/water solution. While the most stable medium was distilled water, artificial saliva with betel nut extract also had a significant effect on the elution of TEGDMA. The highest value obtained was of Filtek Bulk fill flowable 3M ESPE after 30 days of immersion in both LED and QTH cured disks. CONCLUSION Filtek Bulk fill flowable 3M ESPE shows better properties in relation to the release of monomer TEGDMA as it releases less amount of monomer in the storage media. The release of monomer was highest in ethanol as compared to artificial saliva and distilled water with the passage of time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Tauseef
- Department of Dental Material, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Amin
- Department of Dental Material, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Faraz Moin
- Dr. Zafar H Zaidi Centre for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kashif Aslam
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Jabeen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dow International Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Duzyol M, Bayram P, Duzyol E, Aksak Karamese S. Assessing the impact of dental restorative materials on fibroblast cells: an immunohistochemical and ELISA analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4725. [PMID: 38413631 PMCID: PMC10899243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, our aim was to investigate the effects of restorative materials such as composite, compomer and high viscosity glass ionomer, which are frequently used in dentistry, on L929 fibroblast cells by evaluating the oxidative stress parameters, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis markers. L929 fibroblast cells were cultured, and dental filling materials were applied in two doses (50 and 100 µl). Immunohistochemical staining was performed for experimental groups with Anti-Bax and Anti-Caspase 9 antibodies. Then, ELISA technique was used to detect the level of TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, IL-1-beta, IL-6, IL-10, LPO and CAT. In the light of the data, the examined dental filling materials were effective on increasing the TGF-beta, IL-10, LPO and CAT levels, and decreasing the TNF-alpha, IL-1-beta, and IL-6 levels. The histological micrographs were also support the issues. When the levels of H-score in Caspase 9 labeled micrographs were evaluated, the mean of the control group was lower than the mean of the experimental groups. Biocompatibility varies according to the content of the material, the amount of residual monomer, and its solubility. Although all the experimental groups have cytotoxic effects, the least effect is seen in the Omnichroma group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Duzyol
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pinar Bayram
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Esra Duzyol
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34200, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Selina Aksak Karamese
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Odabasi D, Guler C, Kucukaslan D. Evaluation of the amount of residual monomer released from different flowable composite resins. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:244. [PMID: 38360710 PMCID: PMC10870472 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Today, resin materials are used in the restoration of permanent and deciduous teeth or as fissure sealants. The materials can contain different types of monomers (Bis-GMA, UDMA, TEGDMA). These monomers can be released into the oral cavity after polymerization. Residual monomers released from resin-containing restorative materials after polymerization have been reported to have negative effects on mechanical properties. The aim of our study is to evaluate the amount of residual monomers released after polymerization of different flowable composite resin materials using two different modes of LED light source. Composite disc samples (8 mm diameter/2 mm depth) prepared for each material group were polymerized using two different modes of the LED light device (Standard mode and extra power mode). HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) device was used to measure the amount of residual monomer release at 1 h, 1 day, 3 days and 7 days periods. Pairwise comparison of the differences between the materials was performed by Post-hoc test. For each residual monomer, the Kruskal Wallis test was used to analyze the difference between the materials in standard mode and the difference between the materials in extra power mode. According to the results of the study; Grandio flow flowable composite showed the highest release of TEGDMA and Bis-GMA while SDR® Flow flowable composite showed the lowest release of TEGDMA, Bis-GMA and UDMA. For all materials, the extra power mode resulted in more residual monomer release. TEGDMA and Bis-GMA release was detected in all tested flowable composites at all time periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Didem Odabasi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, 52200, Turkey.
| | - Cigdem Guler
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, 52200, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hezenci Y, Akdeniz BS. Comparison of residual monomer amounts released from indirect bonding adhesives. Angle Orthod 2023; 93:558-565. [PMID: 37212680 PMCID: PMC10575638 DOI: 10.2319/122322-864.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To quantify the amount of residual monomer released from orthodontic adhesives used in the indirect bonding technique and compare it to a direct bonding composite resin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five hundred stainless steel orthodontic brackets were bonded on bovine incisors using five groups of bonding resins: Transbond XT (TXT), Transbond Supreme LV (SLV), Sondhi Rapid-Set (SRS), Transbond IDB (IDB), and Custom I.Q. (CIQ). Liquid samples were gathered on the first, seventh, 21st, and 35th days. Residual monomer release was measured from the liquid samples with a liquid chromatography device. In addition, the amount and shape of the adhesive between the tooth surface and the bracket base was evaluated using obtained electron microscopy images. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance, and a Tukey post-hoc test was applied. RESULTS Hydroxyethylmethacrylate and bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate monomers were released by all study groups. Urethane-dimethacrylate was released from the TXT, SLV, IDB, and CIQ groups. Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate was released from TXT, SLV, IDB, and SRS groups. The amount of total monomer release was higher in chemically cured adhesives than in light-cured adhesives. Among the chemically cured adhesives, premix adhesives had the highest amount of total monomer release. The light-cured adhesives had less thickness. CONCLUSIONS Light-curing adhesives have significantly less monomer release than chemically polymerized adhesives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Hezenci
- Corresponding author: Dr Yasin Hezenci, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi, Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Ortodonti A.D. Gölköy Kampüsü, Bolu, Turkey (e-mail: )
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Moralez PF, Kantovitz KR, Martinez EF, Teixeira LN, Demasi AP. In vitro cytotoxicity of resin cement and its influence on the expression of antioxidant genes. ACTA ODONTOLOGICA LATINOAMERICANA : AOL 2023; 36:120-127. [PMID: 37776509 PMCID: PMC10557080 DOI: 10.54589/aol.36/2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study evaluated cytotoxicity and antioxidant gene expression of resin cements on human gingival fibroblasts (hGF). MATERIALS AND METHOD RelyX Ultimate™(RXU), Variolink™II(VLII), and RelyXU200™(RXU200) resin cements were incubated with culture medium for 24 h to obtain eluates. Then, the eluates were applied over hGF to assess cell viability at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h and antioxidant gene expression at 24 h. hGF cultures non-exposed to the eluates were used as Control. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (α≤0.05). RESULTS RXU and RXU200 reduced the number of viable cells in 24 h. Longer exposure to cement extracts caused cell death. Gene expression showed peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) induction by all resin cement types, and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) induction by RXU200 and VLII. Moreover, RXU200 induced not only PRDX1 and SOD1, but also glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), catalase (CAT), and glutathione synthetase (GSS). CONCLUSIONS All resin cements showed toxicity, and induced antioxidant genes in hGF. Antioxidant gene induction is at least partly associated with cytotoxicity of tested cements to oxidative stress experience.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abdollahpour S, Estedlal T, Chiniforush N, Rafeie N, Nikparto N, Abbasi M, Ranjbar Omrani L. Effect of Different Bleaching Methods on Monomer Release from Aged Microhybrid and Nanohybrid Resin Composites. Int J Dent 2023; 2023:2773879. [PMID: 37216177 PMCID: PMC10198759 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2773879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recently, the application of laser-assisted bleaching has increased in dental practice. This method might affect the physical and chemical properties of resin composite and its monomer release. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of in-office, at-home, and laser-assisted bleaching on the monomer release (bisphenol A diglycidyl dimethacrylate (BisGMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA)) from aged nanohybrid (Grandio, Voco) and microhybrid (Clearfil AP-X Esthetics, Kuraray) resin composites. Methods Thirty-two samples of each composite were prepared. The samples underwent aging procedure with UV light at 65°C for 100 hr. The samples were divided into 4 groups: OB: conventional in-office bleaching with Opalescence Boost PF 40% gel; HB: home bleaching with Opalescence PF 15% gel; LB: bleaching with JW Power bleaching gel followed by diode laser application; and C: control group without bleaching. Then, the samples were immersed in a solution containing 75% ethanol + 25% distilled water. The medium was renewed after 8, 16, 24 hr, and 7 days and was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography method to evaluate the monomer release. The data were analyzed using Two-way ANOVA and Post hoc Tukey test. Results The bleaching method had no effect on TEGDMA and BisGMA release in both composites while it affected UDMA release in nanohybrid composite; UDMA release was significantly higher in LB compared to control and also higher in OB and LB compared to HB. No difference was observed in the microhybrid composite in this regard. Conclusion Laser-assisted bleaching did not affect monomer release from microhybrid composite while it increased UDMA release from nanohybrid composite. The bleaching method had no effect on TEGDMA and BisGMA release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Abdollahpour
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tarane Estedlal
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Chiniforush
- Department of Surgical Science and Integrated Diagnosis, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Niyousha Rafeie
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nariman Nikparto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Abbasi
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Ranjbar Omrani
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Delikan E, Erturk-Avunduk AT, Karatas O, Saçmacı Ş. Effect of topical fluoride applications on residual monomer release from resin-based restorative materials. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:1. [PMID: 36593449 PMCID: PMC9808933 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02698-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of topical fluoride applications on the release of monomer ingredients from resin-based dental materials by immersion in various extraction solutions are unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of topical fluorides (APF and NaF) on the elution of residual monomers (Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, UDMA, and HEMA) from resin-based materials. METHODS Ninety specimens were prepared, 30 bulk-fill composite resin, 30 nanohybrid universal composite resin, and 30 polyacid-modified composite resin (compomer). These were randomly divided into three groups based on fluoride application procedures. Each specimen was kept in 75% ethanol solution, and residual monomers released from materials were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after 10 min, 1 h, 24 h, and 30 days. The groups were compared using the Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests. Measurements were analyzed using the Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. RESULTS Fluoride applications generally had no considerable effect on the amount of residual monomer released from resin-based restorative materials. The amount of monomer release after topical APF application was similar to the release in the control group and was lower than the release in the NaF group. The release of monomers from the resin-based material used in the study did not approach toxic levels at the applied time intervals. The compomer released lower amounts of monomer than other resin-based materials. CONCLUSIONS Fluoride applications do not increase monomer release from resin-based restorative materials. However, compomers should be employed by clinicians due to their lower monomer release compared to other resin restorative materials. The release of monomers from all the resin-based materials did not approach toxic levels at the applied time intervals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Delikan
- grid.466101.40000 0004 0471 9784Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nuh Naci Yazgan University, TR-38170 Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Ayse Tugba Erturk-Avunduk
- grid.411691.a0000 0001 0694 8546Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mersin University, TR-33343 Mersin, Türkiye
| | - Ozcan Karatas
- grid.466101.40000 0004 0471 9784Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nuh Naci Yazgan University, TR-38170 Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Şerife Saçmacı
- grid.411739.90000 0001 2331 2603Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Erciyes University, TR-38039 Kayseri, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Comparative chemical properties, bioactivity, and cytotoxicity of resin-modified calcium silicate-based pulp capping materials on human dental pulp stem cells. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:6839-6853. [PMID: 36104606 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04713-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the cytotoxicity, the residual monomer release, degree of conversion (DC), calcium ion (Ca2+) release, and crystal structure of TheraCal PT (ThPT) by comparison with TheraCal LC (ThLC) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). MATERIALS AND METHODS The cytotoxicity of the cured materials was evaluated on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) isolated from third molars by the water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) method. The monomer release and DC of the resin-containing materials were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), respectively. The chemical composition and Ca2+ release of the materials were determined by scanning electronic microscopy-energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), respectively. Statistical differences were evaluated with one-way ANOVA, repeated measure ANOVA, and the Tukey test (p < 0.05). RESULTS MTA showed significantly lower cytotoxicity than either ThLC or ThPT after 1, 3, and 7 days (p < 0.05). TEGDMA release of ThPT is significantly higher than ThLC (p < 0.05). All materials showed calcium Ca2+ release, with MTA significantly higher than the others (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS MTA showed low cytotoxicity and high Ca2+ release compared to ThLC and ThPT. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The cytotoxicity and residual monomer release of ThLC and ThPT may raise concerns about the viability of hDPSCs. Further investigations with the use of in vivo research models are required to validate in vitro bioactivity properties and the potential adverse biological effects of ThLC and ThPT on hDPSCs.
Collapse
|
15
|
Nedeljkovic I, Doulabi BZ, Abdelaziz M, Feilzer AJ, Exterkate RA, Szafert S, Gulia N, Krejci I, Kleverlaan CJ. Cytotoxicity and anti-biofilm properties of novel hybrid-glass-based caries infiltrant. Dent Mater 2022; 38:2052-2061. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
16
|
A Pilot Study on Monomer and Bisphenol A (BPA) Release from UDMA-Based and Conventional Indirect Veneering Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214580. [PMID: 36365574 PMCID: PMC9656414 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the release of common monomers from conventional (Dialog Vario, Enamel Plus HFO) and UDMA-based indirect veneering composites (VITA VM LC, GC Gradia). Ten cylindrical samples of each material were prepared (n = 40), immersed in HPLC grade water, and incubated for 24 h in an incubation shaker at 37 °C and 112 rpm. Extraction was performed following ISO 10993-12 and monomers were detected and quantified by HPLC-MS/MS. In all the samples, urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and bisphenol A (BPA) were quantifiable. Compared to water blanks, BPA levels were only elevated in the eluates from conventional composites. In all other samples, concentrations were in the range of extraneous BPA and were therefore clinically irrelevant. Low concentrations of Bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA) were found in one BPA-free composite and in both conventional materials. Statistical analyses showed that BPA-free materials released significantly less BisGMA and no BPA, while UDMA elution was comparable to elution from conventional materials. All measured concentrations were below reported effective cytotoxic concentrations. Considering these results, the substitution of BPA-derivatives with UDMA might be beneficial since BPA-associated adverse effects are ruled out. Further studies should be enrolled to test the biocompatibility of UDMA on cells of the oral environment.
Collapse
|
17
|
Analysis of Monomer Release from Different Composite Resins after Bleaching by HPLC. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12111713. [PMID: 36362868 PMCID: PMC9699366 DOI: 10.3390/life12111713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study aimed to examine the effect of bleaching agents on the release of triethylenae glycol dimethacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, bisphenol A, urethane dimethacrylate, and bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate monomers, which are released from different composite resins, using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. (2) Methods: Ninety disc-shaped specimens were produced and immersed in artificial saliva. After different bleaching applications [office type bleaching (OB) and home type bleaching (HB)], the specimens were immersed in a 75 wt% ethanol/water solution, and the released monomers were analyzed by HPLC at predefined time intervals: 1, 7, and 28 days. The Kruskal−Wallis and Mann−Whitney U tests were conducted for statistical analysis (p = 0.05). (3) Results: The monomers were released at all times from all composite specimens. The monomer release was increased over time. The highest monomer release was detected on day 28. Bleaching applications affected monomer release. No statistical difference was found between OB and HB applications (p > 0.05). The most released monomer was Bisphenol-A in all composites. (4) Conclusion: Given that a residual monomer release from composite resins has a toxic effect and that bleaching treatments increase this release, a treatment protocol should be made in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
Collapse
|
18
|
Evaluation of residual monomer release after polymerization of different restorative materials used in pediatric dentistry. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:232. [PMID: 35698111 PMCID: PMC9190163 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02260-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The choice of the restorative resin material to be used in pediatric dentistry is of a great importance due to the cytotoxic effects caused by residual monomers. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the amount of residual monomer released over time from different resin-based restorative materials, which are widely used in pediatric dentistry, by using high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA). METHODS The compomers in all colors (Twinky Star and Glasiositte A2), two composites with different hybrid properties (Arabesk-GrandioSO), and RMGIC (Ionolux) samples with 2 × 5 mm diameters were prepared. The samples were polymerized with an LED light unit (CELALUX 2, VOCO, Cuxhaven, Germany) and then finishing-polishing procedures were applied. A total of 156 samples were obtained, 13 samples in each of the 12 groups. The amount of residual monomer (BIS-GMA; HEMA, TEGDMA, UDMA) (µg/mL) released into the 75% ethanol solution was determined at different times, (1st hour, 1st, 7th, 14th, and 21st day) by using HPLC-PDA. RESULTS The residual monomer release continued on day 21 and BIS-GMA was the most released monomer in all groups. HEMA release showed a maximum increase in all the materials at day 7. The highest amount of residual monomer was detected in the gold-colored compomer. HEMA and BIS-GMA release from RMGIC was less than others in all time frames. CONCLUSIONS The color and composition of resin-based restorative materials affect the amount of residual monomer. Pediatric dentists should prefer gold-colored compomers less than others as a restorative material, especially in deep cavities. More studies are needed about the subject.
Collapse
|
19
|
Mulligan S, Hatton PV, Martin N. Resin-based composite materials: elution and pollution. Br Dent J 2022; 232:644-652. [PMID: 35562466 PMCID: PMC9106581 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-022-4241-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Pollution arises from all human activity and the provision of oral healthcare using resin-based composite restorative materials (RBCs) should be considered. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the potential pollutant risk to the environment from the chemical compounds found in resin-based restorative materials, by including: 1) the principal pollutant compounds present in the resin matrix; 2) the degradation process of RBCs and its consequences; 3) the methods used for the detection and quantification of monomer elution and RBC microparticles; and 4) a review of the release mechanisms of eluates and RBC microparticles into the environment.RBCs are pollutants by virtue of the compounds created during the degradation processes. These are in the form of the constituent eluted monomers and microparticles. Their impact on the environment and biodiversity is unknown. These materials are currently one of the main direct-placement restorative materials and their success is unquestionable when used and maintained correctly. Mitigation strategies for reducing the impact of pollution on the environment should be considered and implemented by all stakeholders and processes in the supply chain, from manufacturing, clinical use and waste management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Mulligan
- Academic Unit of Restorative Dentistry, School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK
| | - Paul V Hatton
- Academic Unit of Restorative Dentistry, School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK
| | - Nicolas Martin
- Academic Unit of Restorative Dentistry, School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lei MA, Rivelli M, Iglesias AM, Marquez JG, Gonzalez N, Picca M. Accelerated artificial aging and color stability in resin-based cements. ACTA ODONTOLOGICA LATINOAMERICANA : AOL 2022; 35:67-73. [PMID: 35700544 DOI: 10.54589/aol.35/1/67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine color change after accelerated artificial ageing (AAA) of different composite cements that are used with veneers. Five cylindrical test specimens, 15 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick, were made from a single layer of each of the following: RelyX Veneer 3M ESPE (RX), Paracore White Coltene (PC), Solocem White Opaque Coltene (SO), Resin Duo Cement Densell (DC), Panavia V5 Paste Kuraray Noritake (PA) and Panavia F2.0 Kuraray Noritake (PF) (30 specimens altogether). The specimens were light cured following manufacturers' instructions using a Coltolux LED (Coltene) unit. Initial color was determined using an Easyshade - Vita Zahnfabrik Spectrophotometer. Then, the specimens were subjected to AAA for two weeks (336 hours) with cycles of 4 hours of UV light at 60 °C and 4 hours of vapor condensation at 50 °C, successively, after which color was recorded again. Color change was determined for each specimen according to the differenceinshadeon the Vita scale before and after AAA. Results were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis test. Mean and standard deviation for each group were: RX 8.40 (1.52); PC 8.60 (3.13); SO 6.40 (3.51); DC 10.00 (0.00); PA 7.60 (3.29); PF 2.00 (0.00). The Kruskal Wallis test showed significant difference for material (p<0.05), and comparison of means showed difference between Panavia F2.0 and the other materials. A table providing equivalence between the Vita Classic and CIELAB scales was used to transfer the recorded colors to the CIELAB scale, and the color difference ΔE was calculated for each group, where ΔL, Δa and Δb are the differences in the L, a and b values before and after the AAA. The mean and standard deviation were analyzed statistically by the ANOVA test and Tukey's test. Mean and standard deviation for each group were: RX 14.94 (2.02); PC 14.51 (4.02); SO 12.08 (4.53); DC 16.31 (0.00); PA 10.9 (3.38); PF 7.24 (0.00). The ANOVA test showed significantdifferenceformaterial (p<0.05). Tukey's test showed two groups (PF-DC, RX, PA). Under the experimental conditions of this study, it can be concluded that accelerated ageing significantly affects the color stability of the resin based cements tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Lei
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Materiales Dentales, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Mariana Rivelli
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Materiales Dentales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro M Iglesias
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Materiales Dentales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José G Marquez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Materiales Dentales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Gonzalez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Materiales Dentales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Picca
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Materiales Dentales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fernandes Neto C, Narimatsu MH, Magão PH, da Costa RM, Pfeifer CS, Furuse AY. Physical-chemical characterization and bond strength to zirconia of dental adhesives with different monomer mixtures and photoinitiator systems light-activated with poly and monowave devices. Biomater Investig Dent 2022; 9:20-32. [PMID: 35528027 PMCID: PMC9067976 DOI: 10.1080/26415275.2022.2064289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Bonding to crystalline zirconia is currently a challenge. Properly cured adhesives are crucial to optimize this bond, and that in turn is influenced by the initial mobility of the system, as well as by the reactivity of the initiators. Aim: This study aimed to characterize adhesives containing monomer mixtures of different viscosities and double and triple photoinitiator systems; and to evaluate the bonding to Y-TZP zirconia, when adhesives were light-activated with monowave or polywave light-curing units (LCU). Materials and methods: Adhesives were formulated at a 1:1 weight proportion of Bis-GMA/TEGDMA or Bis-GMA/Bis-EMA. To these mixtures 0.5 wt% of CQ, 0.5–1.0 wt% of DABE, 0.5–1.0 wt% of DPIHP, or 0.5–1.0 wt% of TAS-Sb were added and used as photoinitiator systems. A total of ten adhesives were prepared. Resin composite cylinders were cemented on zirconia slices and 6000 thermal cycles were performed. Degree of conversion (DC), sorption (SO) and solubility (SL) after 7 days of water storage, and microshear bond strength (µSBS) were evaluated. Data were analyzed with three-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD (α = 0.05). Results: Bis-GMA/Bis-EMA combined with either CQ/DABE or CQ/DABE/TAS-Sb presented the highest DC, and no significant differences were observed for LCUs (p = .298). CQ/DABE < CQ/DABE/TAS-Sb ≈ CQ/DABE/DPIHP and the polywave LCU showed smaller overall SO (p < .05). Bis-GMA/TEGDMA with CQ/DABE cured with the polywave LCU presented the lowest SO. SL varied as follows: CQ/DABE/TAS-Sb < CQ/DABE/DPIHP < CQ/DABE (p < .001). For µSBS, only the factor photoinitiator system was significant (p = .045). All mean values were above 30 MPa, with higher values being observed for BIS-GMA/TEGDMA and CQ/DABE. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the adhesive containing CQ/DABE/TAS-Sb as coinitiator of Bis-GMA/Bis-EMA mixtures produced a material with higher DC and lower SL, while bond strength values were similar to the ones obtained by CQ/DABE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constantino Fernandes Neto
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Mayara Hana Narimatsu
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Magão
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Mendonça da Costa
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Carmem Silvia Pfeifer
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Adilson Yoshio Furuse
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hampe T, Wiessner A, Frauendorf H, Alhussein M, Karlovsky P, Bürgers R, Krohn S. Monomer Release from Dental Resins: The Current Status on Study Setup, Detection and Quantification for In Vitro Testing. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091790. [PMID: 35566958 PMCID: PMC9100225 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Improvements in mechanical properties and a shift of focus towards esthetic dentistry led to the application of dental resins in various areas of dentistry. However, dental resins are not inert in the oral environment and may release monomers and other substances such as Bisphenol-A (BPA) due to incomplete polymerization and intraoral degradation. Current research shows that various monomers present cytotoxic, genotoxic, proinflammatory, and even mutagenic effects. Of these eluting substances, the elution of BPA in the oral environment is of particular interest due to its role as an endocrine disruptor. For this reason, the release of residual monomers and especially BPA from dental resins has been a cause for public concern. The assessment of patient exposure and potential health risks of dental monomers require a reliable experimental and analytical setup. However, the heterogeneous study design applied in current research hinders biocompatibility testing by impeding comparative analysis of different studies and transfer to the clinical situation. Therefore, this review aims to provide information on each step of a robust experimental and analytical in vitro setup that allows the collection of clinically relevant data and future meta-analytical evaluations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Hampe
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (A.W.); (R.B.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Andreas Wiessner
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (A.W.); (R.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Holm Frauendorf
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Mohammad Alhussein
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (M.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Petr Karlovsky
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (M.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Ralf Bürgers
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (A.W.); (R.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Sebastian Krohn
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (A.W.); (R.B.); (S.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nedeljkovic I, Abdelaziz M, Feilzer AJ, Szafert S, Gulia N, Dawaa M, Krejci I, Kleverlaan CJ. Novel hybrid-glass-based material for infiltration of early caries lesions. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1015-1023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
24
|
Hosseinpour S, Gaudin A, Peters OA. A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study biocompatibility of endodontic materials. Int Endod J 2022; 55 Suppl 2:346-369. [PMID: 35124840 PMCID: PMC9315036 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Materials used for endodontics and with direct contact to tissues have a wide range of indications, from vital pulpal treatments to root filling materials and those used in endodontic surgery. In principle, interaction with dental materials may result in damage to tissues locally or systemically. Thus, a great variety of test methods are applied to evaluate a materials' potential risk of adverse biological effects to ensure their biocompatibility before commercialization. However, the results of biocompatibility evaluations are dependent on not only the tested materials but also the test methods due to the diversity of these effects and numerous variables involved. In addition, diverse biological effects require equally diverse assessments on a structured and planned approach. Such a structured assessment of the materials consists of four phases: general toxicity, local tissue irritation, pre‐clinical tests and clinical evaluations. Various types of screening assays are available; it is imperative to understand their advantages and limitations to recognize their appropriateness and for an accurate interpretation of their results. Recent scientific advances are rapidly introducing new materials to endodontics including nanomaterials, gene therapy and tissue engineering biomaterials. These new modalities open a new era to restore and regenerate dental tissues; however, all these new technologies can also present new hazards to patients. Before any clinical usage, new materials must be proven to be safe and not hazardous to health. Certain international standards exist for safety evaluation of dental materials (ISO 10993 series, ISO 7405 and ISO 14155‐1), but researchers often fail to follow these standards due to lack of access to standards, limitation of the guidelines and complexity of new experimental methods, which may cause technical errors. Moreover, many laboratories have developed their testing strategy for biocompatibility, which makes any comparison between findings more difficult. The purpose of this review was to discuss the concept of biocompatibility, structured test programmes and international standards for testing the biocompatibility of endodontic material biocompatibility. The text will further detail current test methods for evaluating the biocompatibility of endodontic materials, and their advantages and limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Hosseinpour
- School of Dentistry The University of Queensland Herston QLD Australia
| | - A Gaudin
- Inserm UMR 1229 RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton Université de Nantes ONIRIS Nantes France
- Université de Nantes UFR Odontologie Nantes France
| | - O A Peters
- School of Dentistry The University of Queensland Herston QLD Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hampe T, Wiessner A, Frauendorf H, Alhussein M, Karlovsky P, Bürgers R, Krohn S. A comparative in vitro study on monomer release from bisphenol A-free and conventional temporary crown and bridge materials. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 129:e12826. [PMID: 34879174 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the release of common monomers from two conventional and two bisphenol A (BPA)-free temporary crown and bridge materials. Cylindrical samples of all materials were prepared (N = 90; five samples for each material and cycle of analysis). All samples were immersed in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade water and incubated for 1 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 7 days in an incubation shaker at 37°C and 112 rpm. Extraction was performed in accordance with ISO 10993-12. Eluted monomers were detected and quantified by HPLC coupled with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (HPLC-UV/Vis-MS). Analysis of BPA was performed by HPLC coupled with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (HPLC-UV/Vis) and positive results were verified by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Neither bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) nor BPA was quantifiable in any of the crown and bridge samples investigated in the present study. However, all samples contained triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and/or urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) after 24 h of incubation. Statistical analysis showed that significantly more UDMA was released from the BPA-free materials than from the conventional materials. All concentrations of UDMA measured were below the effective cytotoxic concentrations previously reported. However, for a few materials, especially BPA-free temporary crown and bridge materials, the levels of UDMA were above previously reported potentially harmful concentrations for local cells. As BPA-free materials were introduced as being more biocompatible than materials containing BPA, substitution of Bis-GMA with UDMA should be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Hampe
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Wiessner
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holm Frauendorf
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mohammad Alhussein
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Petr Karlovsky
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Bürgers
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Krohn
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Composite Resins on Cultured Human Gingival Fibroblasts. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14185225. [PMID: 34576450 PMCID: PMC8468467 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of five commercially available dental composite resins (CRs), investigating the effect of their quantifiable bisphenol-A-glycidyl-methacrylate (Bis-GMA) and/or triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) release. Experiments were performed using the method of soaking extracts, which were derived from the immersion of the following CRs in the culture medium: Clearfil-Majesty-ES-2, GrandioSO, and Enamel-plus-HRi (Bis-GMA-based); Enamel-BioFunction and VenusDiamond (Bis-GMA-free). Human Gingival Fibroblasts (hGDFs) were employed as the cellular model to mimic in vitro the oral cavity milieu, where CRs simultaneously release various components. Cell metabolic activity, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity were used as cellular outcomes. Results showed that only VenusDiamond and Enamel-plus-HRi significantly affected the hGDF cell metabolic activity. In accordance with this, although no CR-derived extract induced a significantly detectable oxidative stress, only VenusDiamond and Enamel-plus-HRi induced significant genotoxicity. Our findings showed, for the CRs employed, a cytotoxic and genotoxic potential that did not seem to depend only on the actual Bis-GMA or TEGDMA content. Enamel-BioFunction appeared optimal in terms of cytotoxicity, and similar findings were observed for Clearfil-Majesty-ES-2 despite their different Bis-GMA/TEGDMA release patterns. This suggested that simply excluding one specific monomer from the CR formulation might not steadily turn out as a successful approach for improving their biocompatibility.
Collapse
|
27
|
Effect of Polymerization Time on Residual Monomer Release in Dental Composite: In Vitro Study. INT J POLYM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/8101075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Light activated resin-based composites are the most accepted and used materials among clinicians. The aim of this study is to determine the amount of residual monomer released from nanofiller composite resins for different polymerization times and storage periods in vitro. To this purpose, Tetric Ceram (Ivoclar, Liechtenstein), Clearfil Majesty Posterior (Kuraray, Japan), Grandio (VOCO, Germany), and Filtek Ultimate Universal (3M, USA) were used as nanofiller resin composites samples. Four groups (
, diameter: 5 mm, thickness: 2 mm) of each material were fabricated, and each group was exposed to three different polymerization time (10, 20 and 40 sec). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to measure the amount of monomers released over 1, 15, and 30 days. The highest amount of monomer release was seen in Tetric EvoCream composite, while the least monomer release was seen in Clearfil Majesty composite. Regardless of the polymerization time, material, or storage period, the highest amount of eluted monomer was Bis-GMA. It is observed that there is no statistically significant difference between various polymerization times. Monomer release reached its highest level on the 15th day and decreased on the 30th day for all composites. Polymerization time did not affect the monomer release from the composites, but the type of the monomers and concentration of the filler used in the composites affected the amount of released monomers. The use of TEGDMA (co)monomer reduced the monomer release.
Collapse
|
28
|
Kakonyi G, Mulligan S, Fairburn AW, Moharamzadeh K, Thornton SF, Walker HJ, Burrell MM, Martin N. Simultaneous detection of monomers associated with resin-based dental composites using SPME and HPLC. Dent Mater J 2021; 40:1007-1013. [PMID: 34024881 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As resin-based composites (RBC) replace dental amalgam for environmental reasons, there is a requirement to understand the environmental impact of this alternative dental restorative material. In this study we standardize the simultaneous detection of five monomeric components associated with RBCs using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Factors affecting method performance (detection wavelength, calibration conditions, method sensitivity/accuracy/precision, extraction time/efficiency) are evaluated using standard solutions containing the mixture of TEGDMA, UDMA, Bis-GMA, BPA and HEMA. Detection sensitivity and analytical efficiency of the method is optimized for these compounds using 200 nm detection wavelength, PDMS/DVB fiber and extraction time of 90 min. Analytical accuracy of the HPLC is >95% for all monomers, with precision of 2.3-5.1%. Detection limits under the conditions described are 25 µg/L for HEMA, BPA, UDMA, Bis-GMA, and 100 µg/L for TEGDMA. The extraction time is governed by the largest molecular weight compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Kakonyi
- Groundwater Protection and Restoration Group, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering
| | - Steven Mulligan
- School of Clinical Dentistry, Claremont Crescent, The University of Sheffield
| | - Andrew W Fairburn
- Groundwater Protection and Restoration Group, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering
| | - Keyvan Moharamzadeh
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine (HBMCDM), Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences (MBRU)
| | - Steven F Thornton
- Groundwater Protection and Restoration Group, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering
| | - Heather J Walker
- biOMICS Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, The University of Sheffield
| | - Mike M Burrell
- biOMICS Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, The University of Sheffield
| | - Nicolas Martin
- School of Clinical Dentistry, Claremont Crescent, The University of Sheffield
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
The effect of different storage media on the monomer elution and hardness of CAD/CAM composite blocks. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1202-1213. [PMID: 33962792 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the effect of different storage media on the hardness and monomer elution of CAD/CAM composite blocks. METHODS Five resin-composite blocks (RCB), one polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) block (Enamic (EN)), one ceramic-filled poly ether ether ketone (PEEK) block (Dentokeep (DK)), and one feldspathic ceramic block. Microhardness was measured using a Vickers indenter tester (FM-700, Future Tech Corp., Japan). In addition 4 conventional resin-composites were investigated for monomer elution using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after storage in different media for 3 months. The data were analysed by three-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc test and the independent t-test (α=0.05 for all tests). RESULTS The specimens stored in the water had a hardness reduction ranging from 0.9% to 24.4%. In artificial saliva, the specimens had a hardness reduction ranging from 2.8% to 23.2%. The hardness reduction percentage in 75% Ethanol/Water (E/W) ranged between 3.8% and 35.3%. All materials, except GR (resin-composite block) and DK (Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)), showed a variable extent of monomer elution into 75% E/W with significantly higher amounts eluted from conventional composites. GRA and GND (conventional resin-composites) eluted TEGDMA in artificial saliva and GRA eluted TEGDMA in water. SIGNIFICANCE The hardness of CAD/CAM composite blocks was affected by different storage media, and they were not as stable as ceramic, with PICN exhibited superior hardness stability to all of the resin-composite blocks in all the storage media and was comparable to ceramic block. The hardness reduction percentage of the CAD/CAM composite blocks was influenced by the filler loading and resin-matrix composition.Minimal or no monomer elution from CAD/CAM blocks was detected.
Collapse
|
30
|
Elution behavior of a 3D-printed, milled and conventional resin-based occlusal splint material. Dent Mater 2021; 37:701-710. [PMID: 33648744 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The elution of unpolymerized (co-)monomers and additives from methacrylic resin-based materials like polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) can cause adverse side effects, such as mutagenicity, teratogenicity, genotoxicity, cytotoxicity and estrogenic activity. The aim of this study was to quantify the release and the cytotoxicity of residual (co-)monomers and additives from PMMA-based splint materials under consideration of real splint sizes. Three different materials used for additive (3D printing), subtractive (milling) and conventional (powder and liquid) manufacturing were examined. METHODS The splint materials SHERAprint-ortho plus (additive), SHERAeco-disc PM20 (subtractive) and SHERAORTHOMER (conventional) were analysed. 16 (n = 4) sample discs of each material (6 mm diameter and 2 mm height) were polished on the circular and one cross-section area and then eluted in both distilled water and methanol. The discs were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h or 72 h and subsequently analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for specifying and quantifying released compounds. XTT-based cell viability assays with human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were performed for Tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate (THFMA), 1,4-Butylene glycol dimethacrylate (BDDMA) and Tripropylenglycol diacrylate (TPGDA). In order to project the disc size to actual splint sizes in a worst-case scenario, lower and upper jaw occlusal splints were designed and volumes and surfaces were measured. RESULTS For SHERAeco-disc PM20 and for SHERAORTHOMER no elution was determined in water. SHERAprint-ortho plus eluted the highest THFMA concentration of 7.47 μmol/l ±2,77 μmol/l after 72 h in water. Six (co-)monomers and five additives were detected in the methanol eluates of all three materials tested. The XTT-based cell viability assays resulted in a EC50 of 3006 ± 408 μmol/l for THFMA, 2569.5 ± 308 μmol/l for BDDMA and 596.7 ± 88 μmol/l for TPGDA. SIGNIFICANCE With the solvent methanol, released components from the investigated splint materials exceeded cytotoxic concentrations in HGFs calculated for a worst-case scenario in splint size. In the water eluates only the methacrylate THFMA could be determined from SHERAprint-ortho plus in concentrations below cytotoxic levels in HGFs.
Collapse
|
31
|
Bhadila G, Menon D, Wang X, Vila T, Melo MAS, Montaner S, Arola DD, Weir MD, Sun J, Hockin H K, Xu. Long-term antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility of novel low-shrinkage-stress, remineralizing composites. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2021; 32:886-905. [PMID: 33482702 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1878805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A low-shrinkage-stress (LSS), antibacterial and remineralizing nanocomposite was recently developed; however, validation of its long-term antibacterial potency in modulating human salivary-derived biofilm is an unmet need. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of the bioactive LSS composite before and after aging in acidic solution for 90 days using a multi-species biofilm model, and to evaluate its cytotoxicity. The LSS composite consisted of urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and triethylene glycol divinylbenzyl ether (TEG-DVBE), 3% dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and 20% nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP). Biofilm colony-forming units (CFU), lactic acid production, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (3D biofilm) were evaluated before and after three months of aging. Cytotoxicity was assessed against human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). The new LSS composite presented the lowest biofilm CFU, lactic acid and biofilm biomass, compared to controls (n = 6, p < 0.05). Importantly, the new composite exhibited no significant difference in antibacterial performance before and after 90-day-aging, demonstrating long-term antibacterial activity (p > 0.1). The LSS antibacterial and remineralizing composite presented a low cell viability at original extract that has increased with further dilutions. In conclusion, this study spotlighted that the new bioactive composite not only had a low shrinkage stress, but also down-regulated the growth of oral biofilms, reduced acid production, maintained antibacterial activity after the 90-day-aging, and did not compromise the cytocompatibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghalia Bhadila
- Ph.D. Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deepak Menon
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Taissa Vila
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary Ann S Melo
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Silvia Montaner
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dwayne D Arola
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jirun Sun
- Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Saygin A, Ünal M, Koç T, İpek İ, Candan M. In-vivo Biocompatibility Evaluation of Different Self-Adhering Composite Resins on Wister Rats. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2021. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.34.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegül Saygin
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics
| | - Murat Ünal
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry
| | - Tülay Koç
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology
| | - İrem İpek
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry
| | - Merve Candan
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Barutcigil K, Dündar A, Batmaz SG, Yıldırım K, Barutçugil Ç. Do resin-based composite CAD/CAM blocks release monomers? Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:329-336. [PMID: 32488490 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to identify and quantify the elution of monomers of five different resin-based CAD/CAM blocks (RCBs) using HPLC. METHODS Five different RCBs were used in the study: GC Cerasmart (CS), Voco Grandio blocs (GR), 3M Lava Ultimate (LU), Shofu Block (SB), and Vita Enamic (VE). Fifteen samples from each material were prepared using a low-speed precision diamond saw (ISOMET Buehler, Lake Bluff, IL, USA) at 5 × 5 × 4 mm size. After the preparation of samples, an extraction solution was mixed with %75/%25 ethanol/water. The samples were stored in the amber-colored bottles during three different immersed periods as 1 h, 24 h, and 90 days (n = 5). After immersion, 0.5 ml solutions were taken from each bottle and analyzed using HPLC. RESULTS A total of 16.7 μg/ml of monomers from SB, 13.4 μg/ml of monomers from GR, 13.2 μg/ml of monomers from CS, and 6.7 μg/ml of monomers from LU were found after 3-m immersion. TEGDMA after 3-m of immersion was only released from the SB group, and also BisEMA was released from the CS group. Among the specimens immersed for 1 h, UDMA was released the least from the LU group and the most from the GR group (p < 0.05). Correspondingly, 24 h and 3 m after immersion, the highest release of monomers was found in the GR (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS When the monomer release from RCBs was evaluated, it was shown that these materials released methacrylate-based monomers except VE, especially if they were kept in a solvent solution for a long time such as 3 m. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The novel resin-based CAD/CAM blocks might monomer release, which may cause cytotoxic effects. But, the detected amount of monomer release is below the estimated daily limit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kubilay Barutcigil
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, 07058, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Dündar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, 07058, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Sevde Gül Batmaz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, 07058, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Kardelen Yıldırım
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, 07058, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Çağatay Barutçugil
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, 07058, Antalya, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bek Kürklü ZG, Kalkan Deveci C. Evaluation of microhardness and Bis-GMA release of a new composite restorative material. ACTA ODONTOLOGICA TURCICA 2020. [DOI: 10.17214/gaziaot.599405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
35
|
In vitro and in silico evaluations of resin-based dental restorative material toxicity. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:2691-2700. [PMID: 31713743 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to evaluate the cytocompatibility of three provisional restoration materials and predict neurotoxic potential of their monomers. These materials are Tab 2000® (methyl methacrylate based), ProTemp 4™ (bis-acrylic based) and Structur 3® (urethane dimethacrylate based). MATERIALS AND METHODS Resin samples were incubated in a cell culture medium and the cytotoxic effects of these extracts were studied in 3T3 fibroblast cells through MTT and crystal violet assays as well as ROS assessment. The presence of relevant leached monomers was determined by HPLC. Additionally, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability to these resin-based monomers was predicted using ACD/Labs algorithms model. RESULTS Cell survival rates were compared with the resin extracts, and Structur 3® was statistically significant different from the others (p < 0.001) at all-time incubation periods. All materials induced a dose-dependent loss of cell viability; however, only Structur 3 extracts were cytotoxic against 3T3 fibroblasts. The highest cytotoxic effect (77%, p < 0.001) was observed at 24 h incubation period, which may be associated with the presence of urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) leached monomers. Furthermore, the computational model showed that most monomers under study are expectedly capable of crossing the BBB. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that Structur 3® is not cytocompatible with our cell model and UDMA is a potential neurotoxic compound. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results indicate that only ProTemp 4™ and Tab 2000® are safe for provisional restorations.
Collapse
|
36
|
Bølling AK, Olderbø BP, Samuelsen JT, Rukke HV. Establishing a macrophage model with relevance for oral methacrylate monomer exposures: Attenuated Staphylococcus aureus-induced cytokine release from human macrophages. Dent Mater 2019; 35:e235-e248. [PMID: 31378308 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leakage of unpolymerized methacrylate monomers after placement of methacrylate-containing polymeric dental materials leads to human exposure. Based on studies using murine macrophages and LPS from Escherichia coli (E. coli), dental monomers like 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) are known to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced cytokine release. The aim of this study was to establish a model system with relevance for human oral monomer exposure using exposure to live gram-positive bacteria, and to confirm the HEMA-induced effects on cytokine release in this model. METHODS The human THP-1 monocyte cell line was differentiated to macrophages using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), before exposure to 0.5-2mM HEMA and live Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in various multiplicity of infections (MOI). Cytokine release and cytotoxicity were determined after (i) 2-24h pre-exposure to HEMA followed by 2-4h S. aureus exposure and (ii) 2-4h simultaneous exposure. The 24h pre-exposure regime was also tested in primary human airway macrophages and for phagocytosis of S. aureus in THP-1 macrophages. RESULTS HEMA attenuated the cytokine release more strongly in the pre-exposure than combined exposure regime, with a maximal reduction of 95% in the S. aureus-induced cytokine release. A MOI of 0.1 (corresponding to a bacteria-macrophage ratio of 1:10) was determined to be optimal in the THP-1 macrophages as it induced sufficient cytokine release and negligible cytotoxicity. Attenuated release of S. aureus-induced interleukin (IL)-1β after HEMA exposure was confirmed in primary airway macrophages, while HEMA increased the phagocytosis of S. aureus in THP-1 cells. CONCLUSION The model was successfully established and attenuated bacteria-induced cytokine release after HEMA exposure confirmed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Bølling
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials, Sognsveien 70A, N-0855 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Domain of Infection Control and Environmental Health, P.O. Box 4404, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - B P Olderbø
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials, Sognsveien 70A, N-0855 Oslo, Norway
| | - J T Samuelsen
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials, Sognsveien 70A, N-0855 Oslo, Norway
| | - H V Rukke
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials, Sognsveien 70A, N-0855 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Cândea Ciurea A, Şurlin P, Stratul ŞI, Soancă A, Roman A, Moldovan M, Tudoran B L, Pall E. Evaluation of the biocompatibility of resin composite-based dental materials with gingival mesenchymal stromal cells. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:1768-1778. [PMID: 31313433 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Resin composite-based dental materials can leach certain components into the oral environment, causing potentially harmful gingival biological effect. Gingival tissue is a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that is easily accessible, and can be used as a complementary approach for the investigation of dental material biocompatibility. Using gingival MSCs (gMSCs), the present study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of two classes of restorative dental materials (ormocers and resin composites) used to restore class II cavities close to the gingival margin, in addition to analyzing the leached compounds from these resin composite-based materials. Functionality assays (Colony-forming unit, migratory potential, and proliferation assays) and a viability assay (MTT) were employed. Cells' aspect was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Leached monomers were also quantitated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The cytotoxicity of the biomaterials was highlighted by impaired functionality and diminished viability of gMSCs. Despite being variants of the same commercial material, the two ormocers behaved differently one material having a more negative impact on cell functionality than the other. Cells appeared to attach well to all materials. Main monomer molecules were mostly released by the tested materials. For all samples, an increased elution of monomers was recorded in artificial saliva as compared with culture medium. One composite material has released nearly eight times more urethane dimetacrylate in artificial saliva than in culture medium. Significantly lower gMSC viability scores were recorded for all the investigated samples in comparison with the control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Cândea Ciurea
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Petra Şurlin
- Department of Periodontology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - Ştefan-Ioan Stratul
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andrada Soancă
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Roman
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mărioara Moldovan
- Raluca Ripan Institute for Research in Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lucian Tudoran B
- Electron Microscopy Integrated Laboratory (LIME), National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, INCDTIM, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Emoke Pall
- Department of Veterinary Reproduction, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kim DK, Lee JM, Jeong JY, Park HJ, Lee OJ, Chao J, Kim SH, Park HS, Khang G, Park CH. New fabrication method of silk fibroin plate and screw based on a centrifugal casting technique. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:2221-2229. [PMID: 30265448 DOI: 10.1002/term.2752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a newer generation of absorbable biomaterials has been developed from silk. Silk is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, has robust mechanical features, and is biocompatible. Moreover, it offers the ability to be functionalized with bioactive compounds, making it ideal for use in new medical devices. Thus, many researchers have considered that absorbable devices made from silk may be able to overcome current limitations and could be used to meet a broader range of fixation needs. Here, we describe a novel method for the fabrication of silk fibroin (SF)-based bioabsorbable fixation systems using a centrifugal casting technique and incorporating a 3D printer. This approach allows us to create the desired geometric design for the fixation system easily. Moreover, our products demonstrated smoother surface profiles and more homogenous and dense cross-sectional architectures. Furthermore, our plates exhibited very similar mechanical properties compared with commercially used one, and our screws showed more than 70% of their initial mass after 7 weeks on the enzymatic degradation test. On in vivo analysis, we found that our devices were well-maintained in the location of initial fixation, and new bone formation was also observed around this. By these results, we suggest that the SF-based plate/screw prepared by our novel method might be used for the internal fixation of fracture sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kyu Kim
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Lee
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Jeong
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Park
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Joo Lee
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Janet Chao
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Soon Hee Kim
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Sang Park
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gilson Khang
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Department of Polymer. Nano Science & Technology and Polymer Fusion Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hum Park
- Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Łagocka R, Mazurek-Mochol M, Jakubowska K, Bendyk-Szeffer M, Chlubek D, Buczkowska-Radlińska J. Analysis of Base Monomer Elution from 3 Flowable Bulk-Fill Composite Resins Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:4679-4690. [PMID: 29980660 PMCID: PMC6069413 DOI: 10.12659/msm.907390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the elution of BisGMA, UDMA, TEGDMA, and HEMA monomers from flowable bulk fill composite resins with different resin matrix compositions, polymerized in 4-mm-thick layers, into 3 elution media. Material/Methods Three bulk-fill (SDR® (SDR), X-tra base (XB) and BEAUTIFIL-Bulk Flowable (BF)) resin-composites were tested. Cylindrical samples were immersed in 100% ethanol, 75% ethanol, and distilled water. The concentrations of the monomers were measured using the HLPC method (Agilent Technologies 1200 Series) after 1 and 24 h, as well as after 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. Results After polymerization of the tested resins, there was elution of the BisGMA, UDMA, TEGDMA, and HEMA monomers from the SDR and BF composites, but none of the tested monomers could be detected eluting from XB. The highest penetrations of the polymerized SDR and BF composites were observed in the 100% ethanol solution. This extraction medium eluted the highest amounts of free monomers. Some eluted monomers were not described in the composites Material Safety Data Sheets. Conclusions The elution of the residual monomers depended on the resin composition and the materials filler/resin matrix ratio. In composite materials, toxicity assessment should be carried out, and should consider both the material composition as given by the manufacturer, and also the residual monomers that elute from the polymerized material. The elution concentration and time of monomers from composites depended on the solvent used. The highest penetrations of the polymerized SDR and BF composites were observed in the 100% ethanol solution, and this extraction medium eluted the highest amounts of free monomers. The 75% ethanol was a more aggressive medium than water in terms of monomer elution from bulk fill composites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryta Łagocka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Jakubowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maja Bendyk-Szeffer
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Putzeys E, Cokic SM, Chong H, Smet M, Vanoirbeek J, Godderis L, Van Meerbeek B, Van Landuyt KL, Duca RC. Simultaneous analysis of bisphenol A based compounds and other monomers leaching from resin-based dental materials by UHPLC-MS/MS. J Sep Sci 2018; 40:1063-1075. [PMID: 28054450 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Resin-based dental materials have raised debates concerning their safety and biocompatibility, resulting in a growing necessity of profound knowledge on the quantity of released compounds into the oral cavity. In this context, the aim of this study was to develop a comprehensive and reliable procedure based on liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry for the simultaneous analysis of various leached compounds (including bisphenol A based compounds) in samples from in vitro experiments. Different experiments were performed to determine the optimal analytical parameters, comprising mass spectrometry parameters, chromatographic separation conditions, and sample preparation. Four internal standards were used as follows: deuterated diethyl phthalate and bisphenol A (commercially available), and deuterated analogues of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate and urethane dimethacrylate (custom-made). The optimized method was validated for linearity of the calibration curves and the associated correlation coefficient, lower limit of quantification, higher limit of quantification, and intra- and interassay accuracy and precision. Additionally, the developed liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was applied to the analysis of leaching compounds from four resin-based dental materials. The results indicated that this method is suitable for the analysis of different target compounds leaching from dental materials. This method might serve as a valuable basis for quick and accurate quantification of leached compounds from resin-based dental materials in biological samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Putzeys
- BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stevan M Cokic
- BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hui Chong
- Polymer Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mario Smet
- Polymer Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Vanoirbeek
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Bart Van Meerbeek
- BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kirsten L Van Landuyt
- BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Radu Corneliu Duca
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
|
42
|
Xue J, Kannan P, Kumosani TA, Al-Malki AL, Kannan K. Resin-based dental sealants as a source of human exposure to bisphenol analogues, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, and its derivatives. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 162:35-40. [PMID: 29276977 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although studies have examined leaching of bisphenol A (BPA) from dental sealants into saliva, occurrence of BPA, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), and their derivatives in dental sealants themselves has not been investigated. In this study, concentrations of eight bisphenol analogues (BPs), BADGE and its derivatives (BADGEs), including BADGE‧H2O, BADGE‧HCl, BADGE‧2H2O, BADGE‧2HCl, and BADGE‧H2O‧HCl, were determined in 70 dental sealants collected from the U.S. market. Of the 70 dental sealants analyzed, 65 contained at least one of the target chemicals measured. BADGE‧2H2O was the most abundant compound, found at concentrations of up to 1780µg/g. The geometric mean (GM) concentration of total BADGEs was 47.8µg/g, which was two to three orders of magnitude higher than that of total BPs (GM: 539ng/g). BPA was found in 46% of the sealants and BADGEs was found in 87% of the sealants analyzed. Majority of the dental sealants analyzed in this study were manufactured in the United States and Korea; no significant differences were observed in the concentrations of BPs and BADGEs between the two countries. An exposure assessment was made based on the concentrations of BPs and BADGEs measured in sealants and their application rates in dentistry. The worst-case exposure scenario with the highest measured concentration of total BPs and BADGEs and application on 8 teeth at 8mg each yielded an estimated daily intake (EDI) of 1670 and 5850ng/kg·bw/day for adults and children, respectively. Although the EDI is below the specific migration limit set by the European Food Safety Authority, dental sealants are a source of exposure to BPs and BADGEs, especially in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingchuan Xue
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA
| | - Pranav Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA
| | - Taha A Kumosani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, and Production of Bioproducts for Industrial Applications Research Group and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman L Al-Malki
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Bioactive Natural Products Research Group, and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, and Production of Bioproducts for Industrial Applications Research Group and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cytotoxic and biological effects of bulk fill composites on rat cortical neuron cells. Odontology 2018; 106:377-388. [PMID: 29594827 PMCID: PMC6153994 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-018-0354-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate potential cellular responses and biological effects of new generation dental composites on cortical neuron cells in two different exposure times. The study group included five different bulk-fill flow able composites; Surefil SDR Flow, X-tra Base Flow, Venus Bulk Flow, Filtek Bulk Flow and Tetric-Evo Flow. They were filled in Teflon molds (Height: 4 mm, Width: 6 mm) and irradiated for 20 s. Cortical neuron cells were inoculated into 24-well plates. After 80% of the wells were coated, the 3 µm membrane was inserted and dental filling materials were added. The experiment was continued for 24 and 72 h. Cell viability measured by MTT assay test, total antioxidant and total oxidant status were examined using real assay diagnostic kits. The patterns of cell death (apoptosis) were analyzed using annexin V-FITC staining with flow cytometry. Β-defensins were quantitatively assessed by RT-PCR. IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 cytokines were measured from the supernatants. All composites significantly affected analyses parameters during the exposure durations. Our data provide evidence that all dental materials tested are cytotoxic in acute phase and these effects are induced cellular death after different exposure periods. Significant cytotoxicity was detected in TE, XB, SS, FBF and VBF groups at 24 and 72 h, respectively.
Collapse
|
44
|
Liu Y, Wu X, Sun Y, Xie W. POSS Dental Nanocomposite Resin: Synthesis, Shrinkage, Double Bond Conversion, Hardness, and Resistance Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E369. [PMID: 30966404 PMCID: PMC6415207 DOI: 10.3390/polym10040369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocomposite dental resins with 0, 2, 5, and 10 wt % methacryl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) as filler in the resin matrix were prepared by a light curing method.The atomic force microscopy (AFM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nanoindentation, and nanoscratch tests were carried out to study the effect of POSS contents on the compatibility, double bond conversion, volumetric shrinkage, hardness, modulus, and resistance of the dental resins. POSS was very uniformly dispersed and showed a good compatibility with the matrix. The double bond conversion increased and the volume reduced with the addition of POSS. As the POSS addition increased, the mechanical properties increased initially. Small addition of POSS remarkably enhanced the hardness and scratch resistance of the resin matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Liu
- Department of Astronautic Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Xiaorong Wu
- Department of Astronautic Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Astronautic Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Weili Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kulkova J, Moritz N, Huhtinen H, Mattila R, Donati I, Marsich E, Paoletti S, Vallittu PK. Hydroxyapatite and bioactive glass surfaces for fiber reinforced composite implants via surface ablation by Excimer laser. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 75:89-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
46
|
Yeon YK, Park HS, Lee JM, Lee JS, Lee YJ, Sultan MT, Seo YB, Lee OJ, Kim SH, Park CH. New concept of 3D printed bone clip (polylactic acid/hydroxyapatite/silk composite) for internal fixation of bone fractures. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2017; 29:894-906. [PMID: 28934914 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2017.1384199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Open reduction with internal fixation is commonly used for the treatment of bone fractures. However, postoperative infection associated with internal fixation devices (intramedullary nails, plates, and screws) remains a significant complication, and it is technically difficult to fix multiple fragmented bony fractures using internal fixation devices. In addition, drilling in the bone to install devices can lead to secondary fracture, bone necrosis associated with postoperative infection. In this study, we developed bone clip type internal fixation device using three- dimensional (3D) printing technology. Standard 3D model of the bone clip was generated based on computed tomography (CT) scan of the femur in the rat. Polylacticacid (PLA), hydroxyapatite (HA), and silk were used for bone clip material. The purpose of this study was to characterize 3D printed PLA, PLA/HA, and PLA/HA/Silk composite bone clip and evaluate the feasibility of these bone clips as an internal fixation device. Based on the results, PLA/HA/Silk composite bone clip showed similar mechanical property, and superior biocompatibility compared to other types of the bone clip. PLA/HA/Silk composite bone clip demonstrated excellent alignment of the bony segments across the femur fracture site with well-positioned bone clip in an animal study. Our 3D printed bone clips have several advantages: (1) relatively noninvasive (drilling in the bone is not necessary), (2) patient-specific design (3) mechanically stable device, and (4) it provides high biocompatibility. Therefore, we suggest that our 3D printed PLA/HA/Silk composite bone clip is a possible internal fixation device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeung Kyu Yeon
- a Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, School of Medicine , Hallym University , Chuncheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Sang Park
- a Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, School of Medicine , Hallym University , Chuncheon , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, School of Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University , Chuncheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Lee
- a Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, School of Medicine , Hallym University , Chuncheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Seung Lee
- a Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, School of Medicine , Hallym University , Chuncheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Lee
- a Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, School of Medicine , Hallym University , Chuncheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Md Tipu Sultan
- a Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, School of Medicine , Hallym University , Chuncheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Bin Seo
- a Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, School of Medicine , Hallym University , Chuncheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Joo Lee
- a Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, School of Medicine , Hallym University , Chuncheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Hee Kim
- a Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, School of Medicine , Hallym University , Chuncheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hum Park
- a Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, School of Medicine , Hallym University , Chuncheon , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, School of Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University , Chuncheon , Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Mahdhaoui K, Fournier B, Derbanne MA. Unbound monomers do diffuse through the dentin barrier. Dent Mater 2017; 33:743-751. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
48
|
Nilsen BW, Örtengren U, Simon-Santamaria J, Sørensen KK, Michelsen VB. Methods and terminology used in cell-culture studies of low-dose effects of matrix constituents of polymer resin-based dental materials. Eur J Oral Sci 2016; 124:511-525. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo W. Nilsen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry; UiT - The Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø Norway
| | - Ulf Örtengren
- Department of Clinical Dentistry; UiT - The Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø Norway
- Department of Cariology; Institute of Odontology/Sahlgrenska Academy; Göteborg Sweden
| | | | - Karen K. Sørensen
- Department of Medical Biology; UiT - The Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate the elution of bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) from two bulk-fill composites at different polymerization times, for different storage periods when cured with quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH) curing unit. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tetric N-Ceram bulk fill and EverX Posterior were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography unit. Totally, 68 samples were prepared, two groups (n = 17) from both the composites, one for each tested polymerization time. Each sample was cured with a QTH curing unit, using soft-start curing technique and stored in 2 ml of ethanol for 24 h. Storage medium was renewed and then stored again for 1 week. Data acquired were statistically analyzed. RESULTS The elution of BisGMA was significantly higher from Tetric N-Ceram bulk fill and BisGMA and TEGDMA from EverX Posterior composite at the end of 24 h, irrespective of the curing time. In EverX Posterior, a higher amount of TEGDMA was eluted at the end of 24 h, while at the end of 1 week, significantly higher amount of BisGMA was released. CONCLUSION A significant amount of the release of BisGMA as well as TEGDMA was seen from both the composites when stored for different time intervals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Rajesh Sajnani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, A B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte University, Deralakatte, Karanataka, India
| | - Mithra Nidharsh Hegde
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, A B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte University, Deralakatte, Karanataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
The Influence of Irradiation Time and Layer Thickness on Elution of Triethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate from SDR® Bulk-Fill Composite. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:3481723. [PMID: 27366742 PMCID: PMC4913063 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3481723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective. This study aimed to evaluate triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) elution from SDR bulk-fill composite. Methods. Three groups of samples were prepared, including samples polymerized in a 4 mm layer for 20 s, in a 4 mm layer for 40 s, and in a 2 mm layer for 20 s. Elution of TEGDMA into 100% ethanol, a 75% ethanol/water solution, and distilled water was studied. The TEGDMA concentration was measured using HPLC. Results. The TEGDMA concentration decreased in the following order: 100% ethanol > 75% ethanol > distilled water. Doubling the energy delivered to the 4 mm thick sample caused decrease (p < 0.05) in TEGDMA elution to distilled water. In ethanol solutions, the energy increase had no influence on TEGDMA elution. Decreasing the sample thickness resulted in decrease (p < 0.05) in TEGDMA elution for all the solutions. Conclusions. The concentration of eluted TEGDMA and the elution time were both strongly affected by the hydrophobicity of the solvent. Doubling the energy delivered to the 4 mm thick sample did not decrease the elution of TEGDMA but did decrease the amount of the monomer available to less aggressive solvents. Elution of TEGDMA was also correlated with the exposed sample surface area. Clinical Relevance. Decreasing the SDR layer thickness decreases TEGDMA elution.
Collapse
|