1
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Branovets J, Soodla K, Vendelin M, Birkedal R. Rat and mouse cardiomyocytes show subtle differences in creatine kinase expression and compartmentalization. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294718. [PMID: 38011179 PMCID: PMC10681188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Creatine kinase (CK) and adenylate kinase (AK) are energy transfer systems. Different studies on permeabilized cardiomyocytes suggest that ADP-channelling from mitochondrial CK alone stimulates respiration to its maximum, VO2_max, in rat but not mouse cardiomyocytes. Results are ambiguous on ADP-channelling from AK to mitochondria. This study was undertaken to directly compare the CK and AK systems in rat and mouse hearts. In homogenates, we assessed CK- and AK-activities, and the CK isoform distribution. In permeabilized cardiomyocytes, we assessed mitochondrial respiration stimulated by ADP from CK and AK, VO2_CK and VO2_AK, respectively. The ADP-channelling from CK or AK to mitochondria was assessed by adding PEP and PK to competitively inhibit the respiration rate. We found that rat compared to mouse hearts had a lower aerobic capacity, higher VO2_CK/VO2_max, and different CK-isoform distribution. Although rat hearts had a larger fraction of mitochondrial CK, less ADP was channeled from CK to the mitochondria. This suggests different intracellular compartmentalization in rat and mouse cardiomyocytes. VO2_AK/VO2_max was similar in mouse and rat cardiomyocytes, and AK did not channel ADP to the mitochondria. In the absence of intracellular compartmentalization, the AK- and CK-activities in homogenate should have been similar to the ADP-phosphorylation rates estimated from VO2_AK and VO2_CK in permeabilized cardiomyocytes. Instead, we found that the ADP-phosphorylation rates estimated from permeabilized cardiomyocytes were 2 and 9 times lower than the activities recorded in homogenate for CK and AK, respectively. Our results highlight the importance of energetic compartmentalization in cardiac metabolic regulation and signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Branovets
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Department of Cybernetics, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kärol Soodla
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Department of Cybernetics, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Marko Vendelin
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Department of Cybernetics, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Rikke Birkedal
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Department of Cybernetics, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
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2
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Heslop KA, Burger P, Kappler C, Solanki AK, Gooz M, Peterson YK, Mills C, Benton T, Duncan SA, Woster PM, Maldonado EN. Small molecules targeting the NADH-binding pocket of VDAC modulate mitochondrial metabolism in hepatocarcinoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112928. [PMID: 35447542 PMCID: PMC9400819 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage dependent anion channels (VDAC) control the flux of most anionic respiratory substrates, ATP, ADP, and small cations, crossing the outer mitochondrial membrane. VDAC closure contributes to the partial suppression of mitochondrial metabolism that favors the Warburg phenotype of cancer cells. Recently, it has been shown that NADH binds to a specific pocket in the inner surface of VDAC1, also conserved in VDAC2 and 3, closing the channel. We hypothesized that binding of small molecules to the NADH pocket, maintain VDAC in an open configuration by preventing closure induced by NADH and possible other endogenous regulators. We screened in silico, the South Carolina Compound Collection SC3 (~ 100,000 proprietary molecules), using shape-based queries of the NADH binding region of VDAC. After molecular docking of selected compounds, we physically screened candidates using mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), as an overall readout of mitochondrial metabolism. We identified SC18, as the most potent compound. SC18 bound to VDAC1, as assessed by a thermal shift assay. Short-term treatment with SC18 decreased ΔΨm in SNU-449 and HepG2 human hepatocarcinoma cells. Mitochondrial depolarization was similar in wild type, VDAC1/2, 1/3, and 2/3 double KO HepG2 cells indicating that the effect of SC18 was not VDAC isoform-dependent. In addition, SC18 decreased mitochondrial NADH and cellular ATP production; and increased basal respiration. Long-term exposure to SC18, decreased cell proliferation as determined by wound-healing and cell viability assays. In summary, SC18 is a novel VDAC-targeting small molecule that induces mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibits cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem A Heslop
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Pieter Burger
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Christiana Kappler
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Ashish K Solanki
- Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Monika Gooz
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Yuri K Peterson
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Catherine Mills
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Thomas Benton
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Stephen A Duncan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Patrick M Woster
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Eduardo N Maldonado
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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3
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Alloatti G, Penna C, Comità S, Tullio F, Aragno M, Biasi F, Pagliaro P. Aging, sex and NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiac ischaemic disease. Vascul Pharmacol 2022; 145:107001. [PMID: 35623548 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.107001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Experimentally, many strong cardioprotective treatments have been identified in different animal models of acute ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) and coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the translation of these cardioprotective therapies for the benefit of the patients into the clinical scenario has been very disappointing. The reasons for this lack are certainly multiple. Indeed, many confounding factors we must deal in clinical reality, such as aging, sex and inflammatory processes are neglected in many experiments. Due to the pivotal role of aging, sex and inflammation in determining cardiac ischaemic disease, in this review, we take into account age as a modifier of tolerance to IRI in the two sexes, dissecting aging and myocardial reperfusion injury mechanisms and the sex differences in tolerance to IRI. Then we focus on the role of the gut microbiota and the NLRP3 inflammasome in myocardial IRI and on the possibility to consider NLRP3 inflammasome as a potential target in the treatment of CAD in relationship with age and sex. Finally, we consider the cardioprotective mechanisms and cardioprotective treatments during aging in the two sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, TO, Italy; National Institute for Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Comità
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Francesca Tullio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Manuela Aragno
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Fiorella Biasi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, TO, Italy; National Institute for Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy.
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4
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Bedi M, Ray M, Ghosh A. Active mitochondrial respiration in cancer: a target for the drug. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:345-361. [PMID: 34716860 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The relative contribution of mitochondrial respiration and subsequent energy production in malignant cells has remained controversial to date. Enhanced aerobic glycolysis and impaired mitochondrial respiration have gained more attention in the metabolic study of cancer. In contrast to the popular concept, mitochondria of cancer cells oxidize a diverse array of metabolic fuels to generate a majority of the cellular energy by respiration. Several mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) subunits' expressions are critical for the growth, metastasis, and cancer cell invasion. Also, the assembly factors, which regulate the integration of individual MRC complexes into native super-complexes, are upregulated in cancer. Moreover, a series of anti-cancer drugs function by inhibiting respiration and ATP production. In this review, we have specified the roles of mitochondrial fuels, MRC subunits, and super-complex assembly factors that promote active respiration across different cancer types and discussed the potential roles of MRC inhibitor drugs in controlling cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minakshi Bedi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India
| | - Manju Ray
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P 1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Science & Humanities GLA University Mathura, 17km Stone, NH-2, Mathura-Delhi Road, Mathura, UP, 281 406, India
| | - Alok Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India.
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5
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Heslop KA, Milesi V, Maldonado EN. VDAC Modulation of Cancer Metabolism: Advances and Therapeutic Challenges. Front Physiol 2021; 12:742839. [PMID: 34658929 PMCID: PMC8511398 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.742839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most anionic metabolites including respiratory substrates, glycolytic adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and small cations that enter mitochondria, and mitochondrial ATP moving to the cytosol, cross the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) through voltage dependent anion channels (VDAC). The closed states of VDAC block the passage of anionic metabolites, and increase the flux of small cations, including calcium. Consequently, physiological or pharmacological regulation of VDAC opening, by conditioning the magnitude of both anion and cation fluxes, is a major contributor to mitochondrial metabolism. Tumor cells display a pro-proliferative Warburg phenotype characterized by enhanced aerobic glycolysis in the presence of partial suppression of mitochondrial metabolism. The heterogeneous and flexible metabolic traits of most human tumors render cells able to adapt to the constantly changing energetic and biosynthetic demands by switching between predominantly glycolytic or oxidative phenotypes. Here, we describe the biological consequences of changes in the conformational state of VDAC for cancer metabolism, the mechanisms by which VDAC-openers promote cancer cell death, and the advantages of VDAC opening as a valuable pharmacological target. Particular emphasis is given to the endogenous regulation of VDAC by free tubulin and the effects of VDAC-tubulin antagonists in cancer cells. Because of its function and location, VDAC operates as a switch to turn-off mitochondrial metabolism (closed state) and increase aerobic glycolysis (pro-Warburg), or to turn-on mitochondrial metabolism (open state) and decrease glycolysis (anti-Warburg). A better understanding of the role of VDAC regulation in tumor progression is relevant both for cancer biology and for developing novel cancer chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem A Heslop
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Veronica Milesi
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, CIC PBA, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Eduardo N Maldonado
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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6
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Bonilla DA, Kreider RB, Stout JR, Forero DA, Kerksick CM, Roberts MD, Rawson ES. Metabolic Basis of Creatine in Health and Disease: A Bioinformatics-Assisted Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041238. [PMID: 33918657 PMCID: PMC8070484 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Creatine (Cr) is a ubiquitous molecule that is synthesized mainly in the liver, kidneys, and pancreas. Most of the Cr pool is found in tissues with high-energy demands. Cr enters target cells through a specific symporter called Na+/Cl−-dependent Cr transporter (CRT). Once within cells, creatine kinase (CK) catalyzes the reversible transphosphorylation reaction between [Mg2+:ATP4−]2− and Cr to produce phosphocreatine (PCr) and [Mg2+:ADP3−]−. We aimed to perform a comprehensive and bioinformatics-assisted review of the most recent research findings regarding Cr metabolism. Specifically, several public databases, repositories, and bioinformatics tools were utilized for this endeavor. Topics of biological complexity ranging from structural biology to cellular dynamics were addressed herein. In this sense, we sought to address certain pre-specified questions including: (i) What happens when creatine is transported into cells? (ii) How is the CK/PCr system involved in cellular bioenergetics? (iii) How is the CK/PCr system compartmentalized throughout the cell? (iv) What is the role of creatine amongst different tissues? and (v) What is the basis of creatine transport? Under the cellular allostasis paradigm, the CK/PCr system is physiologically essential for life (cell survival, growth, proliferation, differentiation, and migration/motility) by providing an evolutionary advantage for rapid, local, and temporal support of energy- and mechanical-dependent processes. Thus, we suggest the CK/PCr system acts as a dynamic biosensor based on chemo-mechanical energy transduction, which might explain why dysregulation in Cr metabolism contributes to a wide range of diseases besides the mitigating effect that Cr supplementation may have in some of these disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Bonilla
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society–DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110861, Colombia
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
- kDNA Genomics, Joxe Mari Korta Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-320-335-2050
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Jeffrey R. Stout
- Physiology of Work and Exercise Response (POWER) Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA;
| | - Diego A. Forero
- Professional Program in Sport Training, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá 111221, Colombia;
| | - Chad M. Kerksick
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, Saint Charles, MO 63301, USA;
| | - Michael D. Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
- Edward via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Eric S. Rawson
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Exercise Science, Messiah University, Mechanicsburg, PA 17055, USA;
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7
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Treberg JR, Martyniuk CJ, Moyes CD. Getting the most out of reductionist approaches in comparative biochemistry and physiology. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 250:110483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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8
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Koit A, Timohhina N, Truu L, Chekulayev V, Gudlawar S, Shevchuk I, Lepik K, Mallo L, Kutner R, Valvere V, Kaambre T. Metabolic and OXPHOS Activities Quantified by Temporal ex vivo Analysis Display Patient-Specific Metabolic Vulnerabilities in Human Breast Cancers. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1053. [PMID: 32695682 PMCID: PMC7339107 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on mitochondrial metabolism and respiration are rapidly developing areas, however, efficient and widely accepted methods for studying these in solid tumors are still missing. Here, we developed a new method without isotope tracing to quantitate time dependent mitochondrial citrate efflux in cell lines and human breast cancer samples. In addition, we studied ADP-activated respiration in both of the sample types using selective permeabilization and showed that metabolic activity and respiration are not equally linked. Three times lower amount of mitochondria in scarcely respiring MDA-MB-231 cells convert pyruvate and glutamate into citrate efflux at 20% higher rate than highly respiring MCF-7 mitochondria do. Surprisingly, analysis of 59 human breast cancers revealed the opposite in clinical samples as aggressive breast cancer subtypes, in comparison to less aggressive subtypes, presented with both higher mitochondrial citrate efflux and higher respiration rate. Additionally, comparison of substrate preference (pyruvate or glutamate) for both mitochondrial citrate efflux and respiration in triple negative breast cancers revealed probable causes for high glutamine dependence in this subtype and reasons why some of these tumors are able to overcome glutaminase inhibition. Our research concludes that the two widely used breast cancer cell lines fail to replicate mitochondrial function as seen in respective human samples. And finally, the easy method described here, where time dependent small molecule metabolism and ADP-activated respiration in solid human cancers are analyzed together, can increase success of translational research and ultimately benefit patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Koit
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Natalja Timohhina
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Laura Truu
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Vladimir Chekulayev
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Shivakumar Gudlawar
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Igor Shevchuk
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Katrin Lepik
- Oncology and Hematology Clinic at the North Estonia Medical Centre, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Lea Mallo
- Oncology and Hematology Clinic at the North Estonia Medical Centre, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Riina Kutner
- Oncology and Hematology Clinic at the North Estonia Medical Centre, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Vahur Valvere
- Oncology and Hematology Clinic at the North Estonia Medical Centre, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Tuuli Kaambre
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
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9
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Rebane-Klemm E, Truu L, Reinsalu L, Puurand M, Shevchuk I, Chekulayev V, Timohhina N, Tepp K, Bogovskaja J, Afanasjev V, Suurmaa K, Valvere V, Kaambre T. Mitochondrial Respiration in KRAS and BRAF Mutated Colorectal Tumors and Polyps. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040815. [PMID: 32231083 PMCID: PMC7226330 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the ATP-synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation in colorectal cancer (CRC) and premalignant colon polyps in relation to molecular biomarkers KRAS and BRAF. This prospective study included 48 patients. Resected colorectal polyps and postoperative CRC tissue with adjacent normal tissue (control) were collected. Patients with polyps and CRC were divided into three molecular groups: KRAS mutated, BRAF mutated and KRAS/BRAF wild-type. Mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized tissue samples was observed using high resolution respirometry. ADP-activated respiration rate (Vmax) and an apparent affinity of mitochondria to ADP, which is related to mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) permeability, were determined. Clear differences were present between molecular groups. KRAS mutated CRC group had lower Vmax values compared to wild-type; however, the Vmax value was higher than in the control group, while MOM permeability did not change. This suggests that KRAS mutation status might be involved in acquiring oxidative phenotype. KRAS mutated polyps had higher Vmax values and elevated MOM permeability as compared to the control. BRAF mutated CRC and polyps had reduced respiration and altered MOM permeability, indicating a glycolytic phenotype. To conclude, prognostic biomarkers KRAS and BRAF are likely related to the metabolic phenotype in CRC and polyps. Assessment of the tumor mitochondrial ATP synthesis could be a potential component of patient risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle Rebane-Klemm
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (L.T.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (I.S.); (V.C.); (N.T.); (K.T.); (T.K.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura Truu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (L.T.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (I.S.); (V.C.); (N.T.); (K.T.); (T.K.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Leenu Reinsalu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (L.T.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (I.S.); (V.C.); (N.T.); (K.T.); (T.K.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Marju Puurand
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (L.T.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (I.S.); (V.C.); (N.T.); (K.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Igor Shevchuk
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (L.T.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (I.S.); (V.C.); (N.T.); (K.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Vladimir Chekulayev
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (L.T.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (I.S.); (V.C.); (N.T.); (K.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Natalja Timohhina
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (L.T.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (I.S.); (V.C.); (N.T.); (K.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Kersti Tepp
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (L.T.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (I.S.); (V.C.); (N.T.); (K.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Jelena Bogovskaja
- Clinic of Diagnostics at the North Estonia Medical Centre, J. Sütiste tee 19, 13419 Tallinn, Estonia;
| | - Vladimir Afanasjev
- Clinic of Surgery at the North Estonia Medical Centre, J. Sütiste tee 19, 13419 Tallinn, Estonia;
| | - Külliki Suurmaa
- Department of Gastroenterology, the West Tallinn Central Hospital, Paldiski mnt 68, 10617 Tallinn, Estonia;
| | - Vahur Valvere
- Oncology and Haematology Clinic at the North Estonia Medical Centre, J. Sütiste tee 19, 13419 Tallinn, Estonia;
| | - Tuuli Kaambre
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (L.T.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (I.S.); (V.C.); (N.T.); (K.T.); (T.K.)
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10
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Makrecka‐Kuka M, Liepinsh E, Murray AJ, Lemieux H, Dambrova M, Tepp K, Puurand M, Käämbre T, Han WH, Goede P, O'Brien KA, Turan B, Tuncay E, Olgar Y, Rolo AP, Palmeira CM, Boardman NT, Wüst RCI, Larsen TS. Altered mitochondrial metabolism in the insulin-resistant heart. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13430. [PMID: 31840389 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-induced insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus can ultimately result in various complications, including diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this case, cardiac dysfunction is characterized by metabolic disturbances such as impaired glucose oxidation and an increased reliance on fatty acid (FA) oxidation. Mitochondrial dysfunction has often been associated with the altered metabolic function in the diabetic heart, and may result from FA-induced lipotoxicity and uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. In this review, we address the metabolic changes in the diabetic heart, focusing on the loss of metabolic flexibility and cardiac mitochondrial function. We consider the alterations observed in mitochondrial substrate utilization, bioenergetics and dynamics, and highlight new areas of research which may improve our understanding of the cause and effect of cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes. Finally, we explore how lifestyle (nutrition and exercise) and pharmacological interventions can prevent and treat metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew J. Murray
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Hélène Lemieux
- Department of Medicine Faculty Saint‐Jean, Women and Children's Health Research Institute University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | | | - Kersti Tepp
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Tallinn Estonia
| | - Marju Puurand
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Tallinn Estonia
| | - Tuuli Käämbre
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Tallinn Estonia
| | - Woo H. Han
- Faculty Saint‐Jean University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Paul Goede
- Laboratory of Endocrinology Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism Amsterdam University Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Katie A. O'Brien
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Belma Turan
- Laboratory of Endocrinology Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism Amsterdam University Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Erkan Tuncay
- Department of Biophysics Faculty of Medicine Ankara University Ankara Turkey
| | - Yusuf Olgar
- Department of Biophysics Faculty of Medicine Ankara University Ankara Turkey
| | - Anabela P. Rolo
- Department of Life Sciences University of Coimbra and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Carlos M. Palmeira
- Department of Life Sciences University of Coimbra and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Neoma T. Boardman
- Cardiovascular Research Group Department of Medical Biology UiT the Arctic University of Norway Tromso Norway
| | - Rob C. I. Wüst
- Laboratory for Myology Department of Human Movement Sciences Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences Amsterdam Movement Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Terje S. Larsen
- Cardiovascular Research Group Department of Medical Biology UiT the Arctic University of Norway Tromso Norway
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11
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Ruiz-Meana M, Boengler K, Garcia-Dorado D, Hausenloy DJ, Kaambre T, Kararigas G, Perrino C, Schulz R, Ytrehus K. Ageing, sex, and cardioprotection. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:5270-5286. [PMID: 31863453 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Translation of cardioprotective interventions aimed at reducing myocardial injury during ischaemia-reperfusion from experimental studies to clinical practice is an important yet unmet need in cardiovascular medicine. One particular challenge facing translation is the existence of demographic and clinical factors that influence the pathophysiology of ischaemia-reperfusion injury of the heart and the effects of treatments aimed at preventing it. Among these factors, age and sex are prominent and have a recognised role in the susceptibility and outcome of ischaemic heart disease. Remarkably, some of the most powerful cardioprotective strategies proven to be effective in young animals become ineffective during ageing. This article reviews the mechanisms and implications of the modulatory effects of ageing and sex on myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury and their potential effects on cardioprotective interventions. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.23/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-CV (CIBER-CV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kerstin Boengler
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - David Garcia-Dorado
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-CV (CIBER-CV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore.,The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK.,The National Institute of Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Research & Development, London, UK.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnologia-FEMSA, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Tuuli Kaambre
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Georgios Kararigas
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlinand Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Kirsti Ytrehus
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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12
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Kuznetsov AV, Javadov S, Grimm M, Margreiter R, Ausserlechner MJ, Hagenbuchner J. Crosstalk between Mitochondria and Cytoskeleton in Cardiac Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010222. [PMID: 31963121 PMCID: PMC7017221 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of the mitochondrial regulatory mechanisms for the understanding of muscle bioenergetics and the role of mitochondria is a fundamental problem in cellular physiology and pathophysiology. The cytoskeleton (microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments) plays a central role in the maintenance of mitochondrial shape, location, and motility. In addition, numerous interactions between cytoskeletal proteins and mitochondria can actively participate in the regulation of mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation. In cardiac and skeletal muscles, mitochondrial positions are tightly fixed, providing their regular arrangement and numerous interactions with other cellular structures such as sarcoplasmic reticulum and cytoskeleton. This can involve association of cytoskeletal proteins with voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), thereby, governing the permeability of the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) to metabolites, and regulating cell energy metabolism. Cardiomyocytes and myocardial fibers demonstrate regular arrangement of tubulin beta-II isoform entirely co-localized with mitochondria, in contrast to other isoforms of tubulin. This observation suggests the participation of tubulin beta-II in the regulation of OMM permeability through interaction with VDAC. The OMM permeability is also regulated by the specific isoform of cytolinker protein plectin. This review summarizes and discusses previous studies on the role of cytoskeletal proteins in the regulation of energy metabolism and mitochondrial function, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, and energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V. Kuznetsov
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
- Department of Paediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
- Correspondence: (A.V.K.); (J.H.); Tel.: +43-512-504-27815 (A.V.K.); +43-512-504-81578 (J.H.)
| | - Sabzali Javadov
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, USA;
| | - Michael Grimm
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Raimund Margreiter
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | | | - Judith Hagenbuchner
- Department of Paediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence: (A.V.K.); (J.H.); Tel.: +43-512-504-27815 (A.V.K.); +43-512-504-81578 (J.H.)
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13
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Tepp K, Puurand M, Timohhina N, Aid-Vanakova J, Reile I, Shevchuk I, Chekulayev V, Eimre M, Peet N, Kadaja L, Paju K, Käämbre T. Adaptation of striated muscles to Wolframin deficiency in mice: Alterations in cellular bioenergetics. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129523. [PMID: 31935437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wolfram syndrome (WS), caused by mutations in WFS1 gene, is a multi-targeting disease affecting multiple organ systems. Wolframin is localized in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), influencing Ca2+ metabolism and ER interaction with mitochondria, but the exact role of the protein remains unclear. In this study we aimed to characterize alterations in energy metabolism in the cardiac and in the oxidative and glycolytic skeletal muscles in Wfs1-deficiency. METHODS Alterations in the bioenergetic profiles in the cardiac and skeletal muscles of Wfs1-knock-out (KO) male mice and their wild type male littermates were determined using high resolution respirometry, quantitative RT-PCR, NMR spectroscopy, and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. RESULTS Oxygen consumption without ATP synthase activation (leak) was significantly higher in the glycolytic muscles of Wfs1 KO mice compared to wild types. ADP-stimulated respiration with glutamate and malate was reduced in the Wfs1-deficient cardiac as well as oxidative and glycolytic skeletal muscles. CONCLUSIONS Wfs1-deficiency in both cardiac and skeletal muscles results in functional alterations of energy transport from mitochondria to ATP-ases. There was a substrate-dependent decrease in the maximal Complex I -linked respiratory capacity of the electron transport system in muscles of Wfs1 KO mice. Moreover, in cardiac and gastrocnemius white muscles a decrease in the function of one pathway were balanced by the increase in the activity of the parallel pathway. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This work provides new insights to the muscle involvement at early stages of metabolic syndrome like WS as well as developing glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kersti Tepp
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Marju Puurand
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Natalja Timohhina
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jekaterina Aid-Vanakova
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Indrek Reile
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Igor Shevchuk
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Vladimir Chekulayev
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Margus Eimre
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nadežda Peet
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lumme Kadaja
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kalju Paju
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tuuli Käämbre
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
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14
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Rovini A. Tubulin-VDAC Interaction: Molecular Basis for Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. Front Physiol 2019; 10:671. [PMID: 31214047 PMCID: PMC6554597 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulin is a well-established target of microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs), a widely used class of chemotherapeutic drugs. Yet, aside from their powerful anti-cancer efficiency, MTAs induce a dose-limiting and debilitating peripheral neurotoxicity. Despite intensive efforts in the development of neuroprotective agents, there are currently no approved therapies to effectively manage chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Over the last decade, attempts to unravel the pathomechanisms underlying the development of CIPN led to the observation that mitochondrial dysfunctions stand as a common feature associated with axonal degeneration. Concomitantly, mitochondria emerged as crucial players in the anti-cancer efficiency of MTAs. The findings that free dimeric tubulin could be associated with mitochondrial membranes and interact directly with the voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs) located in the mitochondrial outer membrane strongly suggested the existence of an interplay between both subcellular compartments. The biological relevance of the interaction between tubulin and VDAC came from subsequent in vitro studies, which found dimeric tubulin to be a potent modulator of VDAC and ultimately of mitochondrial membrane permeability to respiratory substrates. Therefore, one of the hypothetic mechanisms of CIPN implies that MTAs, by binding directly to the tubulin associated with VDAC, interferes with mitochondrial function in the peripheral nervous system. We review here the foundations of this hypothesis and discuss them in light of the current knowledge. A focus is set on the molecular mechanisms behind MTA interference with dimeric tubulin and VDAC interaction, the potential relevance of tubulin isotypes and availability as a free dimer in the specific context of MTA-induced CIPN. We further highlight the emerging interest for VDAC and its interacting partners as a promising therapeutic target in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Rovini
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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15
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Puurand M, Tepp K, Timohhina N, Aid J, Shevchuk I, Chekulayev V, Kaambre T. Tubulin βII and βIII Isoforms as the Regulators of VDAC Channel Permeability in Health and Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030239. [PMID: 30871176 PMCID: PMC6468622 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, there have been several models describing the relationships between the cytoskeleton and the bioenergetic function of the cell. The main player in these models is the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), located in the mitochondrial outer membrane. Most metabolites including respiratory substrates, ADP, and Pi enter mitochondria only through VDAC. At the same time, high-energy phosphates are channeled out and directed to cellular energy transfer networks. Regulation of these energy fluxes is controlled by β-tubulin, bound to VDAC. It is also thought that β-tubulin‒VDAC interaction modulates cellular energy metabolism in cancer, e.g., switching from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. In this review we focus on the described roles of unpolymerized αβ-tubulin heterodimers in regulating VDAC permeability for adenine nucleotides and cellular bioenergetics. We introduce the Mitochondrial Interactosome model and the function of the βII-tubulin subunit in this model in muscle cells and brain synaptosomes, and also consider the role of βIII-tubulin in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marju Puurand
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Kersti Tepp
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Natalja Timohhina
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Jekaterina Aid
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Igor Shevchuk
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Vladimir Chekulayev
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Tuuli Kaambre
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
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16
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Mado K, Chekulayev V, Shevchuk I, Puurand M, Tepp K, Kaambre T. On the role of tubulin, plectin, desmin, and vimentin in the regulation of mitochondrial energy fluxes in muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 316:C657-C667. [PMID: 30811221 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00303.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria perform a central role in life and death of the eukaryotic cell. They are major players in the generation of macroergic compounds and function as integrated signaling pathways, including the regulation of Ca2+ signals and apoptosis. A growing amount of evidence is demonstrating that mitochondria of muscle cells use cytoskeletal proteins (both microtubules and intermediate filaments) not only for their movement and proper cellular positioning, but also to maintain their biogenesis, morphology, function, and regulation of energy fluxes through the outer mitochondrial membrane (MOM). Here we consider the known literature data concerning the role of tubulin, plectin, desmin and vimentin in bioenergetic function of mitochondria in striated muscle cells, as well as in controlling the permeability of MOM for adenine nucleotides (ADNs). This is of great interest since dysfunctionality of these cytoskeletal proteins has been shown to result in severe myopathy associated with pronounced mitochondrial dysfunction. Further efforts are needed to uncover the pathways by which the cytoskeleton supports the functional capacity of mitochondria and transport of ADN(s) across the MOM (through voltage-dependent anion channel).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Mado
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics , Tallinn , Estonia
| | - Vladimir Chekulayev
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics , Tallinn , Estonia
| | - Igor Shevchuk
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics , Tallinn , Estonia
| | - Marju Puurand
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics , Tallinn , Estonia
| | - Kersti Tepp
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics , Tallinn , Estonia
| | - Tuuli Kaambre
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics , Tallinn , Estonia
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17
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Klepinin A, Ounpuu L, Mado K, Truu L, Chekulayev V, Puurand M, Shevchuk I, Tepp K, Planken A, Kaambre T. The complexity of mitochondrial outer membrane permeability and VDAC regulation by associated proteins. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2018; 50:339-354. [PMID: 29998379 PMCID: PMC6209068 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-018-9765-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that class II β-tubulin plays a key role in the regulation of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in some highly differentiated cells, but its role in malignant cells has remained unclear. To clarify these aspects, we compared the bioenergetic properties of HL-1 murine sarcoma cells, murine neuroblastoma cells (uN2a) and retinoic acid - differentiated N2a cells (dN2a). We examined the expression and possible co-localization of mitochondrial voltage dependent anion channel (VDAC) with hexokinase-2 (HK-2) and βII-tubulin, the role of depolymerized βII-tubuline and the effect of both proteins in the regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) permeability. Our data demonstrate that neuroblastoma and sarcoma cells are prone to aerobic glycolysis, which is partially mediated by the presence of VDAC bound HK-2. Microtubule destabilizing (colchicine) and stabilizing (taxol) agents do not affect the MOM permeability for ADP in N2a and HL-1 cells. The obtained results show that βII-tubulin does not regulate the MOM permeability for adenine nucleotides in these cells. HL-1 and NB cells display comparable rates of ADP-activated respiration. It was also found that differentiation enhances the involvement of OXPHOS in N2a cells due to the rise in their mitochondrial reserve capacity. Our data support the view that the alteration of mitochondrial affinity for ADNs is one of the characteristic features of cancer cells. It can be concluded that the binding sites for tubulin and hexokinase within the large intermembrane protein supercomplex Mitochondrial Interactosome, could be different between muscle and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Klepinin
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Lyudmila Ounpuu
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kati Mado
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Laura Truu
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Vladimir Chekulayev
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Marju Puurand
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Igor Shevchuk
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kersti Tepp
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Anu Planken
- Oncology and Hematology Clinic at the North Estonia Medical Centre, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Tuuli Kaambre
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia.
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18
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Intracellular Energy-Transfer Networks and High-Resolution Respirometry: A Convenient Approach for Studying Their Function. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102933. [PMID: 30261663 PMCID: PMC6213097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Compartmentalization of high-energy phosphate carriers between intracellular micro-compartments is a phenomenon that ensures efficient energy use. To connect these sites, creatine kinase (CK) and adenylate kinase (AK) energy-transfer networks, which are functionally coupled to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), could serve as important regulators of cellular energy fluxes. Here, we introduce how selective permeabilization of cellular outer membrane and high-resolution respirometry can be used to study functional coupling between CK or AK pathways and OXPHOS in different cells and tissues. Using the protocols presented here the ability of creatine or adenosine monophosphate to stimulate OXPHOS through CK and AK reactions, respectively, is easily observable and quantifiable. Additionally, functional coupling between hexokinase and mitochondria can be investigated by monitoring the effect of glucose on respiration. Taken together, high-resolution respirometry in combination with permeabilization is a convenient approach for investigating energy-transfer networks in small quantities of cells and tissues in health and in pathology.
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19
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Abstract
Cancer metabolism is emerging as a chemotherapeutic target. Enhanced glycolysis and suppression of mitochondrial metabolism characterize the Warburg phenotype in cancer cells. The flux of respiratory substrates, ADP, and Pi into mitochondria and the release of mitochondrial ATP to the cytosol occur through voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs) located in the mitochondrial outer membrane. Catabolism of respiratory substrates in the Krebs cycle generates NADH and FADH2 that enter the electron transport chain (ETC) to generate a proton motive force that maintains mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ) and is utilized to generate ATP. The ETC is also the major cellular source of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). αβ-Tubulin heterodimers decrease VDAC conductance in lipid bilayers. High constitutive levels of cytosolic free tubulin in intact cancer cells close VDAC decreasing mitochondrial ΔΨ and mitochondrial metabolism. The VDAC-tubulin interaction regulates VDAC opening and globally controls mitochondrial metabolism, ROS formation, and the intracellular flow of energy. Erastin, a VDAC-binding molecule lethal to some cancer cell types, and erastin-like compounds identified in a high-throughput screening antagonize the inhibitory effect of tubulin on VDAC. Reversal of tubulin inhibition of VDAC increases VDAC conductance and the flux of metabolites into and out of mitochondria. VDAC opening promotes a higher mitochondrial ΔΨ and a global increase in mitochondrial metabolism leading to high cytosolic ATP/ADP ratios that inhibit glycolysis. VDAC opening also increases ROS production causing oxidative stress that, in turn, leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, bioenergetic failure, and cell death. In summary, antagonism of the VDAC-tubulin interaction promotes cell death by a "double-hit model" characterized by reversion of the proproliferative Warburg phenotype (anti-Warburg) and promotion of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Fang
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Eduardo N Maldonado
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
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20
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Temme S, Friebe D, Schmidt T, Poschmann G, Hesse J, Steckel B, Stühler K, Kunz M, Dandekar T, Ding Z, Akhyari P, Lichtenberg A, Schrader J. Genetic profiling and surface proteome analysis of human atrial stromal cells and rat ventricular epicardium-derived cells reveals novel insights into their cardiogenic potential. Stem Cell Res 2017; 25:183-190. [PMID: 29156374 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epicardium-derived cells (EPDC) and atrial stromal cells (ASC) display cardio-regenerative potential, but the molecular details are still unexplored. Signals which induce activation, migration and differentiation of these cells are largely unknown. Here we have isolated rat ventricular EPDC and rat/human ASC and performed genetic and proteomic profiling. EPDC and ASC expressed epicardial/mesenchymal markers (WT-1, Tbx18, CD73, CD90, CD44, CD105), cardiac markers (Gata4, Tbx5, troponin T) and also contained phosphocreatine. We used cell surface biotinylation to isolate plasma membrane proteins of rEPDC and hASC, Nano-liquid chromatography with subsequent mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analysis identified 396 rat and 239 human plasma membrane proteins with 149 overlapping proteins. Functional GO-term analysis revealed several significantly enriched categories related to extracellular matrix (ECM), cell migration/differentiation, immunology or angiogenesis. We identified receptors for ephrin and growth factors (IGF, PDGF, EGF, anthrax toxin) known to be involved in cardiac repair and regeneration. Functional category enrichment identified clusters around integrins, PI3K/Akt-signaling and various cardiomyopathies. Our study indicates that EPDC and ASC have a similar molecular phenotype related to cardiac healing/regeneration. The cell surface proteome repository will help to further unravel the molecular details of their cardio-regenerative potential and their role in cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Temme
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniela Friebe
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Timo Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gereon Poschmann
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center (BMFZ), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Hesse
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bodo Steckel
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center (BMFZ), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Meik Kunz
- Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Group, Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Dandekar
- Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Group, Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Zhaoping Ding
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Payam Akhyari
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Artur Lichtenberg
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schrader
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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21
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DeHart DN, Lemasters JJ, Maldonado EN. Erastin-Like Anti-Warburg Agents Prevent Mitochondrial Depolarization Induced by Free Tubulin and Decrease Lactate Formation in Cancer Cells. SLAS DISCOVERY 2017; 23:23-33. [PMID: 29024608 DOI: 10.1177/2472555217731556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In Warburg metabolism, suppression of mitochondrial metabolism contributes to a low cytosolic ATP/ADP ratio favoring enhanced aerobic glycolysis. Flux of metabolites across the mitochondrial outer membrane occurs through voltage-dependent anion channels (VDAC). In cancer cells, free dimeric tubulin induces VDAC closure and dynamically regulates mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ). Erastin, a small molecule that binds to VDAC, antagonizes the inhibitory effect of tubulin on VDAC and hyperpolarizes mitochondria in intact cells. Here, our aim was to identify novel compounds from the ChemBridge DIVERSet library that block the inhibitory effect of tubulin on ΔΨ using cell-based screening. HCC4006 cells were treated with nocodazole (NCZ) to increase free tubulin and decrease ΔΨ in the presence or absence of library compounds. Tetramethylrhodamine methylester (TMRM) fluorescence was assessed by high-content imaging to determine changes in ΔΨ. Compounds were considered positive if ΔΨ increased in the presence of NCZ. Using confocal microscopy, we identified and validated six lead molecules that antagonized the depolarizing effect of NCZ. Lead compounds and erastin did not promote microtubule stabilization, so changes in ΔΨ were independent of tubulin dynamics. The most potent lead compound also decreased lactate formation. These novel small molecules represent a potential new class of anti-Warburg drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N DeHart
- 1 Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,3 Center for Cell Death, Injury and Regeneration, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - John J Lemasters
- 1 Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,4 Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Eduardo N Maldonado
- 1 Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,3 Center for Cell Death, Injury and Regeneration, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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22
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Shoshan-Barmatz V, Maldonado EN, Krelin Y. VDAC1 at the crossroads of cell metabolism, apoptosis and cell stress. Cell Stress 2017; 1:11-36. [PMID: 30542671 PMCID: PMC6287957 DOI: 10.15698/cst2017.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents current knowledge related to VDAC1 as a multi-functional mitochondrial protein acting on both sides of the coin, regulating cell life and death, and highlighting these functions in relation to disease. It is now recognized that VDAC1 plays a crucial role in regulating the metabolic and energetic functions of mitochondria. The location of VDAC1 at the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) allows the control of metabolic cross-talk between mitochondria and the rest of the cell and also enables interaction of VDAC1 with proteins involved in metabolic and survival pathways. Along with regulating cellular energy production and metabolism, VDAC1 is also involved in the process of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by mediating the release of apoptotic proteins and interacting with anti-apoptotic proteins. VDAC1 functions in the release of apoptotic proteins located in the mitochondrial intermembrane space via oligomerization to form a large channel that allows passage of cytochrome c and AIF and their release to the cytosol, subsequently resulting in apoptotic cell death. VDAC1 also regulates apoptosis via interactions with apoptosis regulatory proteins, such as hexokinase, Bcl2 and Bcl-xL, some of which are also highly expressed in many cancers. This review also provides insight into VDAC1 function in Ca2+ homeostasis, oxidative stress, and presents VDAC1 as a hub protein interacting with over 100 proteins. Such interactions enable VDAC1 to mediate and regulate the integration of mitochondrial functions with cellular activities. VDAC1 can thus be considered as standing at the crossroads between mitochondrial metabolite transport and apoptosis and hence represents an emerging cancer drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Eduardo N Maldonado
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC. USA
| | - Yakov Krelin
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
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23
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Mitochondrial Respiration in Human Colorectal and Breast Cancer Clinical Material Is Regulated Differently. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1372640. [PMID: 28781720 PMCID: PMC5525093 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1372640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We conducted quantitative cellular respiration analysis on samples taken from human breast cancer (HBC) and human colorectal cancer (HCC) patients. Respiratory capacity is not lost as a result of tumor formation and even though, functionally, complex I in HCC was found to be suppressed, it was not evident on the protein level. Additionally, metabolic control analysis was used to quantify the role of components of mitochondrial interactosome. The main rate-controlling steps in HBC are complex IV and adenine nucleotide transporter, but in HCC, complexes I and III. Our kinetic measurements confirmed previous studies that respiratory chain complexes I and III in HBC and HCC can be assembled into supercomplexes with a possible partial addition from the complex IV pool. Therefore, the kinetic method can be a useful addition in studying supercomplexes in cell lines or human samples. In addition, when results from culture cells were compared to those from clinical samples, clear differences were present, but we also detected two different types of mitochondria within clinical HBC samples, possibly linked to two-compartment metabolism. Taken together, our data show that mitochondrial respiration and regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability have substantial differences between these two cancer types when compared to each other to their adjacent healthy tissue or to respective cell cultures.
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Tepp K, Puurand M, Timohhina N, Adamson J, Klepinin A, Truu L, Shevchuk I, Chekulayev V, Kaambre T. Changes in the mitochondrial function and in the efficiency of energy transfer pathways during cardiomyocyte aging. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 432:141-158. [PMID: 28293876 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The role of mitochondria in alterations that take place in the muscle cell during healthy aging is a matter of debate during recent years. Most of the studies in bioenergetics have a focus on the model of isolated mitochondria, while changes in the crosstalk between working myofibrils and mitochondria in senescent cardiomyocytes have been less studied. The aim of our research was to investigate the modifications in the highly regulated ATP production and energy transfer systems in heart cells in old rat cardiomyocytes. The results of our work demonstrated alterations in the diffusion restrictions of energy metabolites, manifested by changes in the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant of mitochondria to exogenous ADP. The creatine kinase (CK) phosphotransfer pathway efficiency declines significantly in senescence. The ability of creatine to stimulate OXPHOS as well as to increase the affinity of mitochondria for ADP is falling and the most critical decline is already in the 1-year group (middle-age model in rats). Also, a moderate decrease in the adenylate kinase phosphotransfer system was detected. The importance of glycolysis increases in senescence, while the hexokinase activity does not change during healthy aging. The main result of our study is that the decline in the heart muscle performance is not caused by the changes in the respiratory chain complexes activity but mainly by the decrease in the energy transfer efficiency, especially by the CK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kersti Tepp
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Marju Puurand
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Natalja Timohhina
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jasper Adamson
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Aleksandr Klepinin
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Laura Truu
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Igor Shevchuk
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Vladimir Chekulayev
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Tuuli Kaambre
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia.,School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
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25
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Maldonado EN. VDAC-Tubulin, an Anti-Warburg Pro-Oxidant Switch. Front Oncol 2017; 7:4. [PMID: 28168164 PMCID: PMC5256068 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic enhanced glycolysis characterizes the Warburg phenotype. In cancer cells, suppression of mitochondrial metabolism contributes to maintain a low ATP/ADP ratio that favors glycolysis. We propose that the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) located in the mitochondrial outer membrane is a metabolic link between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in the Warburg phenotype. Most metabolites including respiratory substrates, ADP, and Pi enter mitochondria only through VDAC. Oxidation of respiratory substrates in the Krebs cycle generates NADH that enters the electron transport chain (ETC) to generate a proton motive force utilized to generate ATP and to maintain mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ). The ETC is also the major source of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Dimeric α-β tubulin decreases conductance of VDAC inserted in lipid bilayers, and high free tubulin in cancer cells by closing VDAC, limits the ingress of respiratory substrates and ATP decreasing mitochondrial ΔΨ. VDAC opening regulated by free tubulin operates as a “master key” that “seal–unseal” mitochondria to modulate mitochondrial metabolism, ROS formation, and the intracellular flow of energy. Erastin, a small molecule that binds to VDAC and kills cancer cells, and erastin-like compounds antagonize the inhibitory effect of tubulin on VDAC. Blockage of the VDAC–tubulin switch increases mitochondrial metabolism leading to decreased glycolysis and oxidative stress that promotes mitochondrial dysfunction, bioenergetic failure, and cell death. In summary, VDAC opening-dependent cell death follows a “metabolic double-hit model” characterized by oxidative stress and reversion of the pro-proliferative Warburg phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo N Maldonado
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Center for Cell Death, Injury and Regeneration, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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26
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Simple oxygraphic analysis for the presence of adenylate kinase 1 and 2 in normal and tumor cells. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2016; 48:531-548. [PMID: 27854030 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-016-9687-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The adenylate kinase (AK) isoforms network plays an important role in the intracellular energy transfer processes, the maintenance of energy homeostasis, and it is a major player in AMP metabolic signaling circuits in some highly-differentiated cells. For this purpose, a rapid and sensitive method was developed that enables to estimate directly and semi-quantitatively the distribution between cytosolic AK1 and mitochondrial AK2 localized in the intermembrane space, both in isolated cells and tissue samples (biopsy material). Experiments were performed on isolated rat mitochondria or permeabilized material, including undifferentiated and differentiated neuroblastoma Neuro-2a cells, HL-1 cells, isolated rat heart cardiomyocytes as well as on human breast cancer postoperative samples. In these samples, the presence of AK1 and AK2 could be detected by high-resolution respirometry due to the functional coupling of these enzymes with ATP synthesis. By eliminating extra-mitochondrial ADP with an excess of pyruvate kinase and its substrate phosphoenolpyruvate, the coupling of the AK reaction with mitochondrial ATP synthesis could be quantified for total AK and mitochondrial AK2 as a specific AK index. In contrast to the creatine kinase pathway, the AK phosphotransfer pathway is up-regulated in murine neuroblastoma and HL-1 sarcoma cells and in these malignant cells expression of AK2 is higher than AK1. Differentiated Neuro-2a neuroblastoma cells exhibited considerably higher OXPHOS capacity than undifferentiated cells, and this was associated with a remarkable decrease in their AK activity. The respirometric method also revealed a considerable difference in mitochondrial affinity for AMP between non-transformed cells and tumor cells.
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27
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Proteomic Analysis of Human Brown Adipose Tissue Reveals Utilization of Coupled and Uncoupled Energy Expenditure Pathways. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30030. [PMID: 27418403 PMCID: PMC4945940 DOI: 10.1038/srep30030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) has become an attractive target to combat the current epidemical spread of obesity and its associated co-morbidities. Currently, information on its functional role is primarily derived from rodent studies. Here, we present the first comparative proteotype analysis of primary human brown adipose tissue versus adjacent white adipose tissue, which reveals significant quantitative differences in protein abundances and in turn differential functional capabilities. The majority of the 318 proteins with increased abundance in BAT are associated with mitochondrial metabolism and confirm the increased oxidative capacity. In addition to uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), the main functional effector for uncoupled respiration, we also detected the mitochondrial creatine kinases (CKMT1A/B, CKMT2), as effective modulators of ATP synthase coupled respiration, to be exclusively expressed in BAT. The abundant expression and utilization of both energy expenditure pathways in parallel highlights the complex functional involvement of BAT in human physiology.
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28
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Tepp K, Timohhina N, Puurand M, Klepinin A, Chekulayev V, Shevchuk I, Kaambre T. Bioenergetics of the aging heart and skeletal muscles: Modern concepts and controversies. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 28:1-14. [PMID: 27063513 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Age-related alterations in the bioenergetics of the heart and oxidative skeletal muscle tissues are of crucial influence on their performance. Until now the prevailing concept of aging was the mitochondrial theory, the increased production of reactive oxygen species, mediated by deficiency in the activity of respiratory chain complexes. However, studies with mitochondria in situ have presented results which, to some extent, disagree with previous ones, indicating that the mitochondrial theory of aging may be overestimated. The studies reporting age-related decline in mitochondrial function were performed using mainly isolated mitochondria. Measurements on this level are not able to take into account the system level properties. The relevant information can be obtained only from appropriate studies using cells or tissue fibers. The functional interactions between the components of Intracellular Energetic Unit (ICEU) regulate the energy production and consumption in oxidative muscle cells. The alterations of these interactions in ICEU should be studied in order to find a more effective protocol to decelerate the age-related changes taking place in the energy metabolism. In this article, an overview is given of the present theories and controversies of causes of age-related alterations in bioenergetics. Also, branches of study, which need more emphasis, are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kersti Tepp
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Natalja Timohhina
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Marju Puurand
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Aleksandr Klepinin
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Vladimir Chekulayev
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Igor Shevchuk
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Tuuli Kaambre
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; Faculty of Science, Tallinn University, Narva mnt. 25, 10120, Estonia
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VDAC electronics: 3. VDAC-Creatine kinase-dependent generation of the outer membrane potential in respiring mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:1411-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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30
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Cellular compartmentation of energy metabolism: creatine kinase microcompartments and recruitment of B-type creatine kinase to specific subcellular sites. Amino Acids 2016; 48:1751-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2267-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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Bagur R, Tanguy S, Foriel S, Grichine A, Sanchez C, Pernet-Gallay K, Kaambre T, Kuznetsov AV, Usson Y, Boucher F, Guzun R. The impact of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion on the mitochondria-cytoskeleton interactions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:1159-71. [PMID: 26976332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury compromises mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) and compartmentalized intracellular energy transfer via the phosphocreatine/creatine kinase (CK) network. The restriction of ATP/ADP diffusion at the level of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) is an essential element of compartmentalized energy transfer. In adult cardiomyocytes, the MOM permeability to ADP is regulated by the interaction of voltage-dependent anion channel with cytoskeletal proteins, particularly with β tubulin II. The IR-injury alters the expression and the intracellular arrangement of cytoskeletal proteins. The objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of IR on the intracellular arrangement of β tubulin II and its effect on the regulation of mitochondrial respiration. Perfused rat hearts were subjected to total ischemia (for 20min (I20) and 45min (I45)) or to ischemia followed by 30min of reperfusion (I20R and I45R groups). High resolution respirometry and fluorescent confocal microscopy were used to study respiration, β tubulin II and mitochondrial arrangements in cardiac fibers. The results of these experiments evidence a heterogeneous response of mitochondria to IR-induced damage. Moreover, the intracellular rearrangement of β tubulin II, which in the control group colocalized with mitochondria, was associated with increased apparent affinity of OxPhos for ADP, decreased regulation of respiration by creatine without altering mitochondrial CK activity and the ratio between octameric to dimeric isoenzymes. The results of this study allow us to highlight changes of mitochondrial interactions with cytoskeleton as one of the possible mechanisms underlying cardiac IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Bagur
- University Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, INSERM U1055, Grenoble, France; University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG, CNRS, UMR5525, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Tanguy
- University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG, CNRS, UMR5525, Grenoble, France
| | - Sarah Foriel
- University Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, INSERM U1055, Grenoble, France
| | - Alexei Grichine
- University Grenoble Alpes, Life Science Imaging - In Vitro Platform, IAB, INSERM CRI U823, Grenoble, France
| | - Caroline Sanchez
- University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG, CNRS, UMR5525, Grenoble, France
| | - Karin Pernet-Gallay
- INSERM, U836, F-38000, Grenoble, France; University Grenoble Alpes, GIN, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Tuuli Kaambre
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Andrey V Kuznetsov
- Innsbruck Medical University, Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Yves Usson
- University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG, CNRS, UMR5525, Grenoble, France
| | - François Boucher
- University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG, CNRS, UMR5525, Grenoble, France
| | - Rita Guzun
- University Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, INSERM U1055, Grenoble, France; Hospital of the University Grenoble Alpes, Department Thorax (EFCR), France.
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Chekulayev V, Mado K, Shevchuk I, Koit A, Kaldma A, Klepinin A, Timohhina N, Tepp K, Kandashvili M, Ounpuu L, Heck K, Truu L, Planken A, Valvere V, Kaambre T. Metabolic remodeling in human colorectal cancer and surrounding tissues: alterations in regulation of mitochondrial respiration and metabolic fluxes. Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 4:111-125. [PMID: 29124194 PMCID: PMC5668899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the work was to evaluate whether or not there is glycolytic reprogramming in the neighboring cells of colorectal cancer (CRC). Using postoperative material we have compared the functional capacity of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in CRC cells, their glycolytic activity and their inclination to aerobic glycolysis, with those of the surrounding and healthy colon tissue cells. Experiments showed that human CRC cannot be considered a hypoxic tumor, since the malignancy itself and cells surrounding it exhibited even higher rates of OXPHOS than healthy large intestine. The absence of acute hypoxia in colorectal carcinomas was also confirmed by their practically equal glucose-phosphorylating capacity as compared with surrounding non-tumorous tissue and by upregulation of VEGF family and their ligands. Studies indicated that human CRC cells in vivo exert a strong distant effect on the energy metabolism of neighboring cells, so that they acquire the bioenergetic parameters specific to the tumor itself. The growth of colorectal carcinomas was associated with potent downregulation of the creatine kinase system. As compared with healthy colon tissue, the tumor surrounding cells display upregulation of OXPHOS and have high values of basal and ADP activated respiration rates. Strong differences between the normal and CRC cells in the affinity of their mitochondria for ADP were revealed; the corresponding Km values were measured as 93.6±7.7 µM for CRC cells and 84.9±9.9 µM for nearby tissue; both these apparent Km (ADP) values were considerably (by almost 3 times) lower in comparison with healthy colon tissue cells (256±34 µM). Human colorectal cancer is not a pure hypoxic tumor of the Warburg phenotype. The total hexokinase activity of CRC cells is close to that in nearby tissues. In the tumor there is overexpression of VEGFs (A, B, and C) and their receptors. CRC has higher rates of OXPHOS as compared with healthy tissue cells. Tumor-surrounding cells cannot fuel via a lactate shunt the growth of CRC cells.
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Key Words
- AK, adenylate kinase
- ANT, adenine nucleotide translocator
- AP5A, diadenosine pentaphosphate
- ATP-synthasome
- BB-CK, – brain type creatine kinase
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CAT, carboxyatractyloside
- CIMP, CpG island methylator phenotype
- CK, creatine kinase
- COX, cytochrome c oxidase
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- ETC, electron transport chain
- Energy metabolism
- FDG, 18-fluorodeoxyglucose
- Glycolysis
- HK, hexokinase
- Human colorectal cancer
- Km, Michaelis–Menten constant
- MI, Mitochondrial Interactosome
- MOM, mitochondrial outer membrane
- Mitochondria
- OXPHOS
- OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation
- PCr, phosphocreatine
- PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate
- PET, positron emission tomography
- PYK, pyruvate kinase
- Respiration
- TMPD, N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine
- V0, basal respiration level
- VDAC, voltage dependent anion channel
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- Vm, maximal respiration rate
- qPCR, real-time quantitative PCR
- uMtCK, ubiquitous mitochondrial creatine kinase
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Chekulayev
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kati Mado
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Igor Shevchuk
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Andre Koit
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Andrus Kaldma
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Aleksandr Klepinin
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Natalja Timohhina
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kersti Tepp
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Lyudmila Ounpuu
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Laura Truu
- Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Anu Planken
- Competence Centre for Cancer Research, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Tuuli Kaambre
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia.,Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
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33
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Guzun R, Kaambre T, Bagur R, Grichine A, Usson Y, Varikmaa M, Anmann T, Tepp K, Timohhina N, Shevchuk I, Chekulayev V, Boucher F, Dos Santos P, Schlattner U, Wallimann T, Kuznetsov AV, Dzeja P, Aliev M, Saks V. Modular organization of cardiac energy metabolism: energy conversion, transfer and feedback regulation. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 213:84-106. [PMID: 24666671 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To meet high cellular demands, the energy metabolism of cardiac muscles is organized by precise and coordinated functioning of intracellular energetic units (ICEUs). ICEUs represent structural and functional modules integrating multiple fluxes at sites of ATP generation in mitochondria and ATP utilization by myofibrillar, sarcoplasmic reticulum and sarcolemma ion-pump ATPases. The role of ICEUs is to enhance the efficiency of vectorial intracellular energy transfer and fine tuning of oxidative ATP synthesis maintaining stable metabolite levels to adjust to intracellular energy needs through the dynamic system of compartmentalized phosphoryl transfer networks. One of the key elements in regulation of energy flux distribution and feedback communication is the selective permeability of mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) which represents a bottleneck in adenine nucleotide and other energy metabolite transfer and microcompartmentalization. Based on the experimental and theoretical (mathematical modelling) arguments, we describe regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis within ICEUs allowing heart workload to be linearly correlated with oxygen consumption ensuring conditions of metabolic stability, signal communication and synchronization. Particular attention was paid to the structure-function relationship in the development of ICEU, and the role of mitochondria interaction with cytoskeletal proteins, like tubulin, in the regulation of MOM permeability in response to energy metabolic signals providing regulation of mitochondrial respiration. Emphasis was given to the importance of creatine metabolism for the cardiac energy homoeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Guzun
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics; INSERM U1055; Joseph Fourier University; Grenoble France
- Department of Rehabilitation and Physiology; University Hospital; Grenoble France
| | - T. Kaambre
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics; National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics; Tallinn Estonia
| | - R. Bagur
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics; INSERM U1055; Joseph Fourier University; Grenoble France
- Experimental, Theoretical and Applied Cardio-Respiratory Physiology; Laboratory TIMC-IMAG; UMR5525; Joseph Fourier University; Grenoble France
| | - A. Grichine
- Life Science Imaging - In Vitro Platform; IAB CRI INSERM U823; Joseph Fourier University; Grenoble France
| | - Y. Usson
- Experimental, Theoretical and Applied Cardio-Respiratory Physiology; Laboratory TIMC-IMAG; UMR5525; Joseph Fourier University; Grenoble France
| | - M. Varikmaa
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics; National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics; Tallinn Estonia
| | - T. Anmann
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics; National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics; Tallinn Estonia
| | - K. Tepp
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics; National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics; Tallinn Estonia
| | - N. Timohhina
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics; National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics; Tallinn Estonia
| | - I. Shevchuk
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics; National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics; Tallinn Estonia
| | - V. Chekulayev
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics; National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics; Tallinn Estonia
| | - F. Boucher
- Experimental, Theoretical and Applied Cardio-Respiratory Physiology; Laboratory TIMC-IMAG; UMR5525; Joseph Fourier University; Grenoble France
| | - P. Dos Santos
- University of Bordeaux Segalen; INSERM U1045; Bordeaux France
| | - U. Schlattner
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics; INSERM U1055; Joseph Fourier University; Grenoble France
| | - T. Wallimann
- Emeritus; Biology Department; ETH; Zurich Switzerland
| | - A. V. Kuznetsov
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory; Department of Heart Surgery; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | - P. Dzeja
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases; Department of Medicine; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN USA
| | - M. Aliev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology; Cardiology Research Center; Moscow Russia
| | - V. Saks
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics; INSERM U1055; Joseph Fourier University; Grenoble France
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The role of tubulin in the mitochondrial metabolism and arrangement in muscle cells. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2014; 46:421-34. [PMID: 25209018 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-014-9579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tubulin, a well-known component of the microtubule in the cytoskeleton, has an important role in the transport and positioning of mitochondria in a cell type dependent manner. This review describes different functional interactions of tubulin with cellular protein complexes and its functional interaction with the mitochondrial outer membrane. Tubulin is present in oxidative as well as glycolytic type muscle cells, but the kinetics of the in vivo regulation of mitochondrial respiration in these muscle types is drastically different. The interaction between VDAC and tubulin is probably influenced by such factors as isoformic patterns of VDAC and tubulin, post-translational modifications of tubulin and phosphorylation of VDAC. Important factor of the selective permeability of VDAC is the mitochondrial creatine kinase pathway which is present in oxidative cells, but is inactive or missing in glycolytic muscle and cancer cells. As the tubulin-VDAC interaction reduces the permeability of the channel by adenine nucleotides, energy transfer can then take place effectively only through the mitochondrial creatine kinase/phosphocreatine pathway. Therefore, closure of VDAC by tubulin may be one of the reasons of apoptosis in cells without the creatine kinase pathway. An important question in tubulin regulated interactions is whether other proteins are interacting with tubulin. The functional interaction may be direct, through other proteins like plectins, or influenced by simultaneous interaction of other complexes with VDAC.
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Kaldma A, Klepinin A, Chekulayev V, Mado K, Shevchuk I, Timohhina N, Tepp K, Kandashvili M, Varikmaa M, Koit A, Planken M, Heck K, Truu L, Planken A, Valvere V, Rebane E, Kaambre T. An in situ study of bioenergetic properties of human colorectal cancer: the regulation of mitochondrial respiration and distribution of flux control among the components of ATP synthasome. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 55:171-86. [PMID: 25218857 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to characterize the function of mitochondria and main energy fluxes in human colorectal cancer (HCC) cells. We have performed quantitative analysis of cellular respiration in post-operative tissue samples collected from 42 cancer patients. Permeabilized tumor tissue in combination with high resolution respirometry was used. Our results indicate that HCC is not a pure glycolytic tumor and the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system may be the main provider of ATP in these tumor cells. The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) for ADP and maximal respiratory rate (Vm) values were calculated for the characterization of the affinity of mitochondria for exogenous ADP: normal colon tissue displayed low affinity (Km = 260 ± 55 μM) whereas the affinity of tumor mitochondria was significantly higher (Km = 126 ± 17 μM). But concurrently the Vm value of the tumor samples was 60-80% higher than that in control tissue. The reason for this change is related to the increased number of mitochondria. Our data suggest that in both HCC and normal intestinal cells tubulin β-II isoform probably does not play a role in the regulation of permeability of the MOM for adenine nucleotides. The mitochondrial creatine kinase energy transfer system is not functional in HCC and our experiments showed that adenylate kinase reactions could play an important role in the maintenance of energy homeostasis in colorectal carcinomas instead of creatine kinase. Immunofluorescent studies showed that hexokinase 2 (HK-2) was associated with mitochondria in HCC cells, but during carcinogenesis the total activity of HK did not change. Furthermore, only minor alterations in the expression of HK-1 and HK-2 isoforms have been observed. Metabolic Control analysis showed that the distribution of the control over electron transport chain and ATP synthasome complexes seemed to be similar in both tumor and control tissues. High flux control coefficients point to the possibility that the mitochondrial respiratory chain is reorganized in some way or assembled into large supercomplexes in both tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrus Kaldma
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Aleksandr Klepinin
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Vladimir Chekulayev
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kati Mado
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Igor Shevchuk
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Natalja Timohhina
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kersti Tepp
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Minna Varikmaa
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Andre Koit
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | | | - Laura Truu
- Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Anu Planken
- Cancer Research Competence Center, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Egle Rebane
- Cancer Research Competence Center, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Tuuli Kaambre
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia; Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia.
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Stenberg TA, Kildal AB, Sanden E, How OJ, Hagve M, Ytrehus K, Larsen TS, Myrmel T. The acute phase of experimental cardiogenic shock is counteracted by microcirculatory and mitochondrial adaptations. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105213. [PMID: 25188581 PMCID: PMC4154851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms contributing to multiorgan dysfunction during cardiogenic shock are poorly understood. Our goal was to characterize the microcirculatory and mitochondrial responses following ≥10 hours of severe left ventricular failure and cardiogenic shock. We employed a closed-chest porcine model of cardiogenic shock induced by left coronary microembolization (n = 12) and a time-matched control group (n = 6). Hemodynamics and metabolism were measured hourly by intravascular pressure catheters, thermodilution, arterial and organ specific blood gases. Echocardiography and assessment of the sublingual microcirculation by sidestream darkfield imaging were performed at baseline, 2±1 and 13±3 (mean±SD) hours after coronary microembolization. Upon hemodynamic decompensation, cardiac, renal and hepatic mitochondria were isolated and evaluated by high-resolution respirometry. Low cardiac output, hypotension, oliguria and severe reductions in mixed-venous and hepatic O2 saturations were evident in cardiogenic shock. The sublingual total and perfused vessel densities were fully preserved throughout the experiments. Cardiac mitochondrial respiration was unaltered, whereas state 2, 3 and 4 respiration of renal and hepatic mitochondria were increased in cardiogenic shock. Mitochondrial viability (RCR; state 3/state 4) and efficiency (ADP/O ratio) were unaffected. Our study demonstrates that the microcirculation is preserved in a porcine model of untreated cardiogenic shock despite vital organ hypoperfusion. Renal and hepatic mitochondrial respiration is upregulated, possibly through demand-related adaptations, and the endogenous shock response is thus compensatory and protective, even after several hours of global hypoperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thor Allan Stenberg
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anders Benjamin Kildal
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Espen Sanden
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- * E-mail: (TM); (ES)
| | - Ole-Jakob How
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Martin Hagve
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kirsti Ytrehus
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Terje S. Larsen
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Truls Myrmel
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- * E-mail: (TM); (ES)
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Anmann T, Varikmaa M, Timohhina N, Tepp K, Shevchuk I, Chekulayev V, Saks V, Kaambre T. Formation of highly organized intracellular structure and energy metabolism in cardiac muscle cells during postnatal development of rat heart. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:1350-61. [PMID: 24704335 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adult cardiomyocytes have highly organized intracellular structure and energy metabolism whose formation during postnatal development is still largely unclear. Our previous results together with the data from the literature suggest that cytoskeletal proteins, particularly βII-tubulin, are involved in the formation of complexes between mitochondria and energy consumption sites. The aim of this study was to examine the arrangement of intracellular architecture parallel to the alterations in regulation of mitochondrial respiration in rat cardiomyocytes during postnatal development, from 1 day to 6 months. Respirometric measurements were performed to study the developmental alterations of mitochondrial function. Changes in the mitochondrial arrangement and cytoarchitecture of βII- and αIV-tubulin were examined by confocal microscopy. Our results show that functional maturation of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria is completed much earlier than efficient feedback regulation is established between mitochondria and ATPases via creatine kinase system. These changes are accompanied by significant remodeling of regular intermyofibrillar mitochondrial arrays aligned along the bundles of βII-tubulin. Additionally, we demonstrate that formation of regular arrangement of mitochondria is not sufficient per se to provide adult-like efficiency in metabolic feed-back regulation, but organized tubulin networks and reduction in mitochondrial outer membrane permeability for ADP are necessary as well. In conclusion, cardiomyocytes in rat heart become mature on the level of intracellular architecture and energy metabolism at the age of 3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiia Anmann
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Minna Varikmaa
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia; Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Natalja Timohhina
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kersti Tepp
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Igor Shevchuk
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Vladimir Chekulayev
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Valdur Saks
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia; Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France
| | - Tuuli Kaambre
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia; Institute of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
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38
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Lemeshko VV. VDAC electronics: 2. A new, anaerobic mechanism of generation of the membrane potentials in mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:1801-8. [PMID: 24565793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial hexokinase (HK) and creatine kinase (CK) known to form complexes with a voltage dependent anion channel (VDAC) have been reported to increase cell death resistance under hypoxia/anoxia. In this work we propose a new, non-Mitchell mechanism of generation of the inner and outer membrane potentials at anaerobic conditions. The driving force is provided by the Gibbs free energy of the HK and CK reactions associated with the VDAC-HK and the ANT (adenine nucleotide translocator)-CK-VDAC complexes, respectively, both functioning as voltage generators. In the absence of oxygen, the cytosolic creatine phosphate can be directly used by the ANT-CK-VDAC contact sites to produce ATP from ADP in the mitochondrial matrix. After that, ATP released through the fraction of unbound ANTs in exchange for ADP is used in the mitochondrial intermembrane space by the outer membrane VDAC-HK electrogenic complexes to convert cytosolic glucose into glucose-6-phosphate. A simple computational model based on the application of Ohm's law to an equivalent electrical circuit showed a possibility of generation of the inner membrane potential up to -160mV, under certain conditions, and of relatively high outer membrane potential without wasting of ATP that normally leads to cell death. The calculated membrane potentials depended on the restriction of ATP/ADP diffusion in narrow cristae and through the cristae junctions. We suggest that high inner membrane potential and calcium extrusion from the mitochondrial intermembrane space by generated positive outer membrane potential prevent mitochondrial permeability transition, thus allowing the maintenance of mitochondrial integrity and cell survival in the absence of oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V Lemeshko
- Escuela de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Calle 59A, No 63-20, Medellín, Colombia.
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39
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Saks V, Schlattner U, Tokarska-Schlattner M, Wallimann T, Bagur R, Zorman S, Pelosse M, Santos PD, Boucher F, Kaambre T, Guzun R. Systems Level Regulation of Cardiac Energy Fluxes Via Metabolic Cycles: Role of Creatine, Phosphotransfer Pathways, and AMPK Signaling. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY OF METABOLIC AND SIGNALING NETWORKS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-38505-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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40
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Role of mitochondria-cytoskeleton interactions in respiration regulation and mitochondrial organization in striated muscles. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1837:232-45. [PMID: 24189374 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the regulation of respiration and energy fluxes in permeabilized oxidative and glycolytic skeletal muscle fibers, focusing also on the role of cytoskeletal protein tubulin βII isotype in mitochondrial metabolism and organization. By analyzing accessibility of mitochondrial ADP, using respirometry and pyruvate kinase-phosphoenolpyruvate trapping system for ADP, we show that the apparent affinity of respiration for ADP can be directly linked to the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM). Previous studies have shown that MOM permeability in cardiomyocytes can be regulated by VDAC interaction with cytoskeletal protein, βII tubulin. We found that in oxidative soleus skeletal muscle the high apparent Km for ADP is associated with low MOM permeability and high expression of non-polymerized βII tubulin. Very low expression of non-polymerized form of βII tubulin in glycolytic muscles is associated with high MOM permeability for adenine nucleotides (low apparent Km for ADP).
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41
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Maldonado EN, Sheldon KL, DeHart DN, Patnaik J, Manevich Y, Townsend DM, Bezrukov SM, Rostovtseva TK, Lemasters JJ. Voltage-dependent anion channels modulate mitochondrial metabolism in cancer cells: regulation by free tubulin and erastin. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:11920-9. [PMID: 23471966 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.433847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory substrates and adenine nucleotides cross the mitochondrial outer membrane through the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), comprising three isoforms--VDAC1, 2, and 3. We characterized the role of individual isoforms in mitochondrial metabolism by HepG2 human hepatoma cells using siRNA. With VDAC3 to the greatest extent, all VDAC isoforms contributed to the maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential, but only VDAC3 knockdown decreased ATP, ADP, NAD(P)H, and mitochondrial redox state. Cells expressing predominantly VDAC3 were least sensitive to depolarization induced by increased free tubulin. In planar lipid bilayers, free tubulin inhibited VDAC1 and VDAC2 but not VDAC3. Erastin, a compound that interacts with VDAC, blocked and reversed mitochondrial depolarization after microtubule destabilizers in intact cells and antagonized tubulin-induced VDAC blockage in planar bilayers. In conclusion, free tubulin inhibits VDAC1/2 and limits mitochondrial metabolism in HepG2 cells, contributing to the Warburg phenomenon. Reversal of tubulin-VDAC interaction by erastin antagonizes Warburg metabolism and restores oxidative mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo N Maldonado
- Center for Cell Death, Injury & Regeneration, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
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42
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Ludueña RF. A Hypothesis on the Origin and Evolution of Tubulin. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 302:41-185. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407699-0.00002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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43
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Matters of the heart in bioenergetics: mitochondrial fusion into continuous reticulum is not needed for maximal respiratory activity. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2012; 45:319-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-012-9494-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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44
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Kaambre T, Chekulayev V, Shevchuk I, Karu-Varikmaa M, Timohhina N, Tepp K, Bogovskaja J, Kütner R, Valvere V, Saks V. Metabolic control analysis of cellular respiration in situ in intraoperational samples of human breast cancer. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2012; 44:539-58. [PMID: 22836527 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-012-9457-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze quantitatively cellular respiration in intraoperational tissue samples taken from human breast cancer (BC) patients. We used oxygraphy and the permeabilized cell techniques in combination with Metabolic Control Analysis (MCA) to measure a corresponding flux control coefficient (FCC). The activity of all components of ATP synthasome, and respiratory chain complexes was found to be significantly increased in human BC cells in situ as compared to the adjacent control tissue. FCC(s) were determined upon direct activation of respiration with exogenously-added ADP and by titrating the complexes with their specific inhibitors to stepwise decrease their activity. MCA showed very high sensitivity of all complexes and carriers studied in human BC cells to inhibition as compared to mitochondria in normal oxidative tissues. The sum of FCC(s) for all ATP synthasome and respiratory chain components was found to be around 4, and the value exceeded significantly that for normal tissue (close to 1). In BC cells, the key sites of the regulation of respiration are Complex IV (FCC = 0.74), ATP synthase (FCC = 0.61), and phosphate carrier (FCC = 0.60); these FCC(s) exceed considerably (~10-fold) those for normal oxidative tissues. In human BC cells, the outer mitochondrial membrane is characterized by an increased permeability towards adenine nucleotides, the mean value of the apparent K(m) for ADP being equal to 114.8 ± 13.6 μM. Our data support the two-compartment hypothesis of tumor metabolism, the high sum of FCC(s) showing structural and functional organization of mitochondrial respiratory chain and ATP synthasome as supercomplexes in human BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuuli Kaambre
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Estonia.
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45
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Maldonado EN, Lemasters JJ. Warburg revisited: regulation of mitochondrial metabolism by voltage-dependent anion channels in cancer cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 342:637-41. [PMID: 22700429 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.192153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The bioenergetics of cancer cells is characterized by a high rate of aerobic glycolysis and suppression of mitochondrial metabolism (Warburg phenomenon). Mitochondrial metabolism requires inward and outward flux of hydrophilic metabolites, including ATP, ADP and respiratory substrates, through voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs) in the mitochondrial outer membrane. Although VDACs were once considered to be constitutively open, closure of the VDAC is emerging as an adjustable limiter (governator) of mitochondrial metabolism. Studies of VDACs reconstituted into planar lipid bilayers show that tubulin at nanomolar concentrations decreases VDAC conductance. In tumor cell lines, microtubule-destabilizing agents increase cytoplasmic free tubulin and decrease mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ(m)), whereas microtubule stabilization increases ΔΨ(m). Tubulin-dependent suppression of ΔΨ(m) is further potentiated by protein kinase A activation and glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibition. Knockdown of different VDAC isoforms, especially of the least abundant isoform, VDAC3, also decreases ΔΨ(m), cellular ATP, and NADH/NAD+, suggesting that VDAC1 and VDAC2 are most inhibited by free tubulin. The brake on mitochondrial metabolism imposed by the VDAC governator probably is released when spindles form and free tubulin decreases as cells enter mitosis, which better provides for the high ATP demands of chromosome separation and cytokinesis. In conclusion, tubulin-dependent closure of VDACs represents a new mechanism contributing to the suppression of mitochondrial metabolism in the Warburg phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo N Maldonado
- Center for Cell Death, Injury, and Regeneration, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Guzun R, Gonzalez-Granillo M, Karu-Varikmaa M, Grichine A, Usson Y, Kaambre T, Guerrero-Roesch K, Kuznetsov A, Schlattner U, Saks V. Regulation of respiration in muscle cells in vivo by VDAC through interaction with the cytoskeleton and MtCK within Mitochondrial Interactosome. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1818:1545-54. [PMID: 22244843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the recent experimental data on the importance of the VDAC-cytoskeleton interactions in determining the mechanisms of energy and metabolite transfer between mitochondria and cytoplasm in cardiac cells. In the intermembrane space mitochondrial creatine kinase connects VDAC with adenine nucleotide translocase and ATP synthase complex, on the cytoplasmic side VDAC is linked to cytoskeletal proteins. Applying immunofluorescent imaging and Western blot analysis we have shown that β2-tubulin coexpressed with mitochondria is highly important for cardiac muscle cells mitochondrial metabolism. Since it has been shown by Rostovtseva et al. that αβ-heterodimer of tubulin binds to VDAC and decreases its permeability, we suppose that the β-tubulin subunit is bound on the cytoplasmic side and α-tubulin C-terminal tail is inserted into VDAC. Other cytoskeletal proteins, such as plectin and desmin may be involved in this process. The result of VDAC-cytoskeletal interactions is selective restriction of the channel permeability for adenine nucleotides but not for creatine or phosphocreatine that favors energy transfer via the phosphocreatine pathway. In some types of cancer cells these interactions are altered favoring the hexokinase binding and thus explaining the Warburg effect of increased glycolytic lactate production in these cells. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: VDAC structure, function, and regulation of mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Guzun
- INSERM U1055, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France.
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Molecular system bioenergics of the heart: experimental studies of metabolic compartmentation and energy fluxes versus computer modeling. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:9296-331. [PMID: 22272134 PMCID: PMC3257131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12129296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review we analyze the recent important and remarkable advancements in studies of compartmentation of adenine nucleotides in muscle cells due to their binding to macromolecular complexes and cellular structures, which results in non-equilibrium steady state of the creatine kinase reaction. We discuss the problems of measuring the energy fluxes between different cellular compartments and their simulation by using different computer models. Energy flux determinations by 18O transfer method have shown that in heart about 80% of energy is carried out of mitochondrial intermembrane space into cytoplasm by phosphocreatine fluxes generated by mitochondrial creatine kinase from adenosine triphosphate (ATP), produced by ATP Synthasome. We have applied the mathematical model of compartmentalized energy transfer for analysis of experimental data on the dependence of oxygen consumption rate on heart workload in isolated working heart reported by Williamson et al. The analysis of these data show that even at the maximal workloads and respiration rates, equal to 174 μmol O2 per min per g dry weight, phosphocreatine flux, and not ATP, carries about 80–85% percent of energy needed out of mitochondria into the cytosol. We analyze also the reasons of failures of several computer models published in the literature to correctly describe the experimental data.
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Lemasters JJ, Holmuhamedov EL, Czerny C, Zhong Z, Maldonado EN. Regulation of mitochondrial function by voltage dependent anion channels in ethanol metabolism and the Warburg effect. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1818:1536-44. [PMID: 22172804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Voltage dependent anion channels (VDAC) are highly conserved proteins that are responsible for permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane to hydrophilic metabolites like ATP, ADP and respiratory substrates. Although previously assumed to remain open, VDAC closure is emerging as an important mechanism for regulation of global mitochondrial metabolism in apoptotic cells and also in cells that are not dying. During hepatic ethanol oxidation to acetaldehyde, VDAC closure suppresses exchange of mitochondrial metabolites, resulting in inhibition of ureagenesis. In vivo, VDAC closure after ethanol occurs coordinately with mitochondrial uncoupling. Since acetaldehyde passes through membranes independently of channels and transporters, VDAC closure and uncoupling together foster selective and more rapid oxidative metabolism of toxic acetaldehyde to nontoxic acetate by mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. In single reconstituted VDAC, tubulin decreases VDAC conductance, and in HepG2 hepatoma cells, free tubulin negatively modulates mitochondrial membrane potential, an effect enhanced by protein kinase A. Tubulin-dependent closure of VDAC in cancer cells contributes to suppression of mitochondrial metabolism and may underlie the Warburg phenomenon of aerobic glycolysis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: VDAC structure, function, and regulation of mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Lemasters
- Center for Cell Death, Injury & Regeneration, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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McCommis KS, Baines CP. The role of VDAC in cell death: friend or foe? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1818:1444-50. [PMID: 22062421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) forms the interface between mitochondria and the cytosol, its importance in metabolism is well understood. However, research on VDAC's role in cell death is a rapidly growing field, unfortunately with much confusing and contradictory results. The fact that VDAC plays a role in outer mitochondrial membrane permeabilization is undeniable, however, the mechanisms behind this remain very poorly understood. In this review, we will summarize the studies that show evidence of VDAC playing a role in cell death. To begin, we will discuss the evidence for and against VDAC's involvement in mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) and attempt to clarify that VDAC is not an essential component of the MPT pore (MPTP). Next, we will evaluate the remaining literature on VDAC in cell death which can be divided into three models: proapoptotic agents escaping through VDAC, VDAC homo- or hetero-oligomerization, or VDAC closure resulting in outer mitochondrial membrane permeabilization through an unknown pathway. We will then discuss the growing list of modulators of VDAC activity that have been associated with induction/protection against cell death. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: VDAC structure, function, and regulation of mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle S McCommis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, USA
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ATP synthase superassemblies in animals and plants: Two or more are better. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1807:1185-97. [PMID: 21679683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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