Phospholipids in mitochondrial dysfunction during hemorrhagic shock

[The state of the structure of the cerebral cortex at various times of the postmortem period after massive blood loss complicated by hemorrhagic shock]

The aim of this study is to reveal the features of changes in the structure of the cerebral cortex at different periods of the postmortem period after death from massive blood loss complicated by hemorrhagic shock. The morphological and morphometric features of the nervous and vascular structures were determined during death from blood loss complicated by hemorrhagic shock. The brain of 12 corpses of persons who died from stab and cut wounds of blood vessels and internal organs with sharp instruments at various times of the postmortem period were examined. It was found that as the time elapsed after death from hemorrhagic shock increases, an increase in destructive changes in both neurons and intracerebral vessels is observed in the brain. Autolytic processes to a greater extent occur in the intracerebral vessels in comparison with neurons, which is more pronounced in the later periods. The dimensions of the perineuronal and perivascular spaces in the dynamics of the postmortem period increase synchronously after death from hemorrhagic shock.

Non-targeted metabolomic profiling of atrazine in Caenorhabditis elegans using UHPLC-QE Orbitrap/MS

The widespread use of the herbicides Atrazine (ATR) has been raised attention due to its ubiquitous occurrence in the environment. As an endocrine disruptor, ATR causes reproductive, immune, nervous system toxicity in biota. In this study, we aimed to investigate metabolic profile characteristics and potential metabolic biomarker that reflects specific damage in toxic effect after ATR exposure. Hence, a metabolomics study was performed to determine the significantly affected metabolites and the reproduction and locomotion of C. elegans were investigated. Mediation analysis was used to evaluate the mediating effect of metabolites on association between ATR exposure and toxic effect. ATR (≥0.04 mg/L) caused the significant dose dependent reduction of brood size and locomotion behavior, however, the body length and width were significantly decreased only in 40 mg/L group. These results suggesting that brood size, head thrashes and body bends are more sensitive indictor to assessment ATR toxicity in C. elegans. Meanwhile, metabolomics analysis revealed that ATR exposure can induce metabolic profiles significant alterations in C. elegans. We found that 9 metabolites significantly increased and 18 metabolites significantly decreased, such as phosphatidylcholine, GMP, CDP-choline, neopterin etc. Those alteration of metabolites were mainly involved in the pathways: glycerophospholipid metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, folate biosynthesis, glycine, serine and threoninemetabolism, pyrimidine and purine metabolism. Overall, these changes are signs of possible oxidative stress and ATP synthesis disruption modification. Mediation analysis showed a significant indirect effect of ATR exposure on brood size, via 7,8-dihydroneopterin 2',3'-cyclic-p, and phosphatidylcholine might mediate association between ATR exposure and body bends, suggesting that 7,8-dihydroneopterin 2',3'-cyclic-p and phosphatidylcholine might be potentially specificity marker for brood size and body bend respectively. This preliminary analysis investigates metabolic characteristics in C. elegans after ATR exposure, helping to understand the pathways involved in the response to ATR exposure and provide potential biomarkers for the safety evaluation of ATR.

[Tanatological assessment of long-brain structures in death from hemorrhagic shock at different post-mortal periods]

Authors determined the morphological and morphometric characteristics of nerve and vascular structures in death from blood loss complicated by hemorrhagic shock. The medulla oblongata of 12 corpses of persons who died from stab wounds of blood vessels and internal organs with sharp instruments at different times of the postmortem period was studied. Studies were carried out at stages of 6-8 hours, 12-14 hours, 18-20 hours, 24 hours or more of the postmortem period. It was found that as the interval after death from hemorrhagic shock increases, there is an increase in destructive changes, both neurons and intracerebral vessels in the medulla oblongata. Autolytic processes to a greater extent capture the intracerebral vessels comparing with neurons, which is more pronounced in the later stages of the study. The sizes of perineural and perivascular spaces in the dynamics of the postmortem period increase synchronously, which reflects the permanence of manifestations of tanatogenesis in different periods after death from hemorrhagic shock.

Whole Blood Redox Potential Correlates With Progressive Accumulation of Oxygen Debt and Acts as A Marker of Resuscitation in A Swine Hemorrhagic Shock Model

INTRODUCTION

Oxidation-reduction reactions involve electron exchanges that require optimal balance for proper cell function. This balance is measured via redox potential and reflects oxidative stress. Despite the critical role of oxidative stress in critical illness and injury, little is known regarding redox potential. We hypothesize redox potential measurements will correlate with accumulation of O2 debt produced by hemorrhage over time.

METHODS

Ten swine were studied using a polytrauma hemorrhagic shock model. Whole blood and plasma redox potential measures were obtained at defined stages of O2 debt (20 mL/kg, 40 mL/kg, 60 mL/kg, 80 mL/kg), and through resuscitation. Redox potential was determined by measuring open circuit potential using novel gold nanoporous electrodes with Ag/AgCl reference.

RESULTS

Whole blood redox potential showed negative change as O2 debt accumulated, exhibiting positive response during resuscitation, and correlated with O2 debt across all animals (P < 0.001). Redox potential changes throughout O2 debt accrual were significant compared with baseline (P≤0.05), and at end resuscitation compared with O2 debt 60 mL/kg (P = 0.05) and 80 mL/kg (P = 0.02). Whole blood redox potential measures also correlated with oxygen extraction ratio, ScvO2, and lactic acid, appearing very sensitive to acute changes. Plasma redox potential showed no correlation with O2 debt.

CONCLUSIONS

Whole blood redox potential demonstrates significant correlation to O2 debt at all stages in this model. These results set the stage for further study of redox potential as a direct measure of oxidative stress and potential clinical tool. Given redox potential plasma performance, these measures should be made in whole blood versus plasma.