1
|
Ghaoui N, Hasbani DJ, Hassan S, Bandali T, Saade S, Saade D. Sun protection use and habits in the LGBTQI+ community in Lebanon: A cross sectional study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:3100-3106. [PMID: 37632253 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sun exposure is an extrinsic risk factor for skin aging, wrinkle formation, and the development of skin cancer, namely melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Sun protection measures have emerged as an important means of preventing these harmful effects. Studies have shown that sexual minority men have a greater prevalence of skin cancer than heterosexual men. AIMS There is limited research investigating the reasons behind this risk of skin cancer development. This is especially important because identifying preventable risk factors, like those pertaining to sun exposure behaviors, can be targeted in the fight against skin cancer and help establish screening tools and preventive interventions for the SGM community. This study focused on members of the SGM community and demonstrated their tendency not to use sun-protective measures, as well as their deficits in knowledge of skin cancer prevention. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study is a cross-sectional study that investigates sun protection practices and trends among adults in Lebanon's SGM community using a survey. It includes adults aged 18-80 that were recruited from the dermatology clinics at AUBMC as well as LGBTQ+ organizations Helm and SIDC. RESULTS A total of 129 participants took part in the study and completed the survey. Reasons for tanning varied among our participants: tanning to get a color (13.1%), tanning to get vitamin D (4.6%), tanning socially (6.9%), and tanning for mood elevation (0.8%). No significant association was found between sexual orientation and SPF use (p = 0.167). No significant association was found between sexual orientation and tanning frequency during summer (p-value: 0.231). Similarly, no significant association was noted between sexual orientation and tanning bed use (0.951). No significant association was noted between the type of job and SPF use (p = 0.601). Despite no significance between SPF use and the highest educational degree attained (p = 0.070), the tendency to use SPF increased with higher levels of education. Moreover, awareness of sun-induced skin cancer did not significantly affect SPF use (p = 0.067). However, a significant association was found between the information source for skin cancer and SPF use (p < 0.001) where participants receiving information from dermatologists displayed notably higher SPF use (72.2%), compared to those obtaining information from media (18.2%) or family and friends (5.3%). DISCUSSION Surveying the perception of the Lebanese SGM community towards sun damage and their adaptive practices to prevent it can help implement and gear a nation-wide campaign to spread proper awareness about this subject. Studying their behavioral tendencies for not using sunscreen can help overcome this contributing risk factor for skin cancers. CONCLUSION Future investigations have yet to identify confounding variables contributing to higher levels of skin cancers in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nohra Ghaoui
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Divina Justina Hasbani
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sally Hassan
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Tarek Bandali
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Serena Saade
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
ÇELİK BA, KOÇ V. Skin Cancer-Related Health Behavior Interventions in the Context of the Health Belief Model. PSIKIYATRIDE GUNCEL YAKLASIMLAR - CURRENT APPROACHES IN PSYCHIATRY 2023. [DOI: 10.18863/pgy.1112210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of skin cancer is increasing around the world every year. Although there are many reasons for the occurrence of skin cancer, UV radiation caused by sunlight is seen as the most important factor. Therefore, reducing exposure to UV radiation should be a top priority for skin cancer prevention. In addition, different demographic features also affect the amount of UV exposure. These include age, gender and professional groups. On the other hand, people can be exposed to UV radiation voluntarily. Sunbathing or using tanning devices can be shown as examples for this. For these reasons, interventions to reduce exposure to UV radiation should focus on demographic features and the desire to tan. At the same time, it is emphasized in the literature that theory-based and systematic interventions are more effective than others. In this context, we think that the Health Belief Model, which is an effective psychosocial model for health behaviors, will be useful in developing sun protection behaviors. In this review, interventions based on the Health Belief Model in the context of tanning behavior, age, gender, and outdoor activities for the prevention of skin cancer and the improvement of sun protection behaviors have been discussed.
Collapse
|
3
|
Nowicki GP, Marchwinski BR, O'Flynn JL, Griffths S, Rodgers RF. Body image and associated factors among sexual minority men: A systematic review. Body Image 2022; 43:154-169. [PMID: 36150358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Research suggests that the risk of body image concerns among sexual minority men is high. Recent work has increasingly examined body image in relation to psychological, interpersonal, and behavioral constructs, but these findings have yet to be consolidated and critically examined to identify potential risk and protective factors. The present study sought to systematically review and synthesize published findings on body image among sexual minority men. A total of 136 articles published between January 2011 and March 2022 were included. Sexual minority men were generally reported to have more negative body image compared to heterosexual men, yet findings varied across body image constructs. In correlational work, body image was often examined in relation to disordered eating, mental health, internalization of appearance ideals, objectification, sexual behavior and relationships, gay community identification and discrimination, and health concerns (e.g., HIV, AIDS). Robust relationships emerged among body image and stigma variables, including internalized homophobia and harassment related to LGBTQ+ presentation and intersecting minority identities. Sociocultural, objectification, and minority stress theories were employed to interpret findings and to delineate future directions grounded in intersectional approaches. Additional work focused on the role of stigma and discrimination in the development of these concerns across the lifespan is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve P Nowicki
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, USA; Simmons University, Boston, USA
| | - Breana R Marchwinski
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, USA; Simmons University, Boston, USA; Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Jennifer L O'Flynn
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Scott Griffths
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rachel F Rodgers
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, USA; Department of Psychiatric Emergency and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Asai Y, Armstrong D, McPhie ML, Xue C, Rosen CF. Systematic Review of Interventions to Increase Awareness of Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Harm and Protective Behaviors in Post-Secondary School Adults. J Cutan Med Surg 2021; 25:424-436. [PMID: 33566702 PMCID: PMC8311911 DOI: 10.1177/1203475420988863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
College and university students are a group known for excessive sun exposure and indoor tanning. Health education campaigns for avoidance of ultraviolet (UV) radiation have been relatively unsuccessful in this population. This systematic review examines interventions aimed at post-secondary school young adults on college and university campuses for skin cancer awareness, photoprotection, and change in UV-exposure-related behavior. Fifty-nine studies were identified for inclusion according to predetermined criteria. Study heterogeneity was high; methods of intervention were individual or group-based, and were mostly visually delivered and/or passive learning. Most interventions occurred at a single time point. Intervention success was assessed by evaluating subject behavior, intention, attitudes, knowledge, and emotion. Multicomponent interventions, generally consisting of UV photography and a passively delivered educational component, may be more effective than a single component alone. Overall, study quality was poor. Sample size of the majority of studies was <150 subjects. Most studies used self-report of behavior and had a short follow-up time. Generalizability of findings may be impacted as women, particularly white/Caucasian women, were overrepresented in the studies identified by this systematic review. For this specific target population, themes arising from the review include the importance of self-relevance and message framing. Self-affirmation was identified as a potential challenge in designing interventions for this target group, which can lead to defensiveness and a negative reaction to the health message. The findings of this systematic review may inform future research in this field, as well as guide planning of effective interventions in this target population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Asai
- 384808 Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Dawn Armstrong
- 104820 Queen's University, School of Medicine, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Meghan L McPhie
- 104820 Queen's University, School of Medicine, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Chao Xue
- 384808 Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Cheryl F Rosen
- 266254257 Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Toronto Western Hospital, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Singer S, Tkachenko E, Hartman RI, Mostaghimi A. Association Between Sexual Orientation and Lifetime Prevalence of Skin Cancer in the United States. JAMA Dermatol 2020; 156:441-445. [PMID: 32049301 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.4196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Sexual minority men have reported higher rates of both indoor tanning and skin cancer than heterosexual men, and sexual minority women have reported lower or equal rates of both indoor tanning and skin cancer compared with heterosexual women. Bisexual men, in particular, have reported higher rates of indoor tanning bed use than heterosexual men; however, no study has investigated skin cancer prevalence among gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals as separate groups. Objective To evaluate the association between sexual orientation and lifetime prevalence of skin cancer. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the 2014-2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) surveys of a noninstitutionalized population in the United States that included 877 650 adult participants who self-identified as being heterosexual, gay, lesbian, or bisexual. Main Outcomes and Measures Self-reported lifetime history of skin cancer. Results The study included 877 650 participants, including 364 833 heterosexual men (mean age, 47.7; 95% CI, 47.5-47.8), 7823 gay men (mean age, 42.7; 95% CI, 41.8-43.6), 5277 bisexual men (mean age, 39.4; 95% CI, 38.4-40.5), 484 341 heterosexual women (mean age, 49.7; 95% CI, 49.6-49.8), 5609 lesbian women (mean age, 41.8; 95% CI, 40.6-43.0), and 9767 bisexual women (mean age, 32.8; 95% CI, 32.3-33.3). The adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of skin cancer prevalence were significantly higher among both gay (AOR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.03-1.50; P = .02) and bisexual men (AOR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.01-2.10; P = .04) compared with heterosexual men. The AORs of skin cancer were statistically significantly lower among bisexual women (AOR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.60-0.95; P = .02) but not among gay or lesbian women (AOR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.77-1.33; P = .95) compared with the AORs of skin cancer among heterosexual women. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, gay and bisexual men had an increased self-reported lifetime prevalence of skin cancer compared with the prevalence among heterosexual men. Patient education and community outreach initiatives focused on reducing skin cancer risk behaviors among gay and bisexual men may help reduce the lifetime development of skin cancer in this population. Continued implementation of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System's sexual orientation and gender identity module is imperative to improve understanding of the health and well-being of sexual minority populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Singer
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth Tkachenko
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - Rebecca I Hartman
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Dermatology, Veterans Integrated Service Network, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts
| | - Arash Mostaghimi
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Associate Editor
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Singer S, Tkachenko E, Yeung H, Mostaghimi A. Skin cancer and skin cancer risk behaviors among sexual and gender minority populations: A systematic review. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 83:511-522. [PMID: 32068044 PMCID: PMC7369213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals of sexual and gender minorities may have different lifetime risk of skin cancer and ultraviolet radiation exposure than heterosexual persons. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the prevalence of skin cancer and behaviors that increase risk of skin cancer among sexual and gender minority populations. METHODS We performed a systematic literature review in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science, searching for articles through October 18, 2019, that investigated risk of skin cancer and behaviors among sexual and gender minority populations. RESULTS Sexual minority men have a higher lifetime risk of any skin cancer (odds ratio range: 1.3-2.1) and indoor tanning bed use (odds ratio range: 2.8-5.9) compared with heterosexual men, whereas sexual minority women may use indoor tanning beds less frequently than heterosexual women and do not have an elevated risk of lifetime history of skin cancer. Gender-nonconforming individuals have higher lifetime prevalence of any skin cancer compared with cisgender men. LIMITATIONS Most variables rely on self-reporting in their original studies. CONCLUSIONS Sexual minority men disproportionately engage in use of indoor tanning beds, which may result in increased lifetime risk of skin cancer. Recognition of this risk is important for providing appropriate screening for patients in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Singer
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth Tkachenko
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Howa Yeung
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Arash Mostaghimi
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Sexual and gender minorities have unique risk factors that may increase their risk of developing skin cancer. In particular, sexual minority men report a higher prevalence of skin cancer (including both keratinocytes carcinomas and melanoma), higher rates of indoor tanning, and overall poorer sun protection behaviors. Sexual and gender minorities also have high rates of alcohol and tobacco use, and infection with human immunodeficiency virus and human papillomavirus, which may increase overall risk of developing skin cancer in these populations. In this review, we discuss the evidence surrounding skin cancer and associated risk factors among sexual and gender minorities.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kosche C, Mansh M, Luskus M, Nguyen A, Martinez-Diaz G, Inwards-Breland D, Yeung H, Boos MD. Dermatologic care of sexual and gender minority/LGBTQIA youth, Part 2: Recognition and management of the unique dermatologic needs of SGM adolescents. Pediatr Dermatol 2019; 36:587-593. [PMID: 31259441 PMCID: PMC6750974 DOI: 10.1111/pde.13898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals, including lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender/gender diverse, questioning/queer, intersex, and asexual (LGBTQIA) persons, represent a historically underserved population within the field of medicine, though their unique health needs are increasingly recognized. Part 2 of this two-part review will address unique concerns regarding acne, tanning behavior, sexually transmitted infections, and other health disparities among SGM adolescents. A more comprehensive understanding of the dermatologic needs of SGM youth will better allow pediatric dermatologists to actively and compassionately care for this health disparity population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cory Kosche
- Rush Medical College, Rush University School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Matthew Mansh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Mark Luskus
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Andy Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - David Inwards-Breland
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Howa Yeung
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Markus D Boos
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Morrison L, Raymond HF, Katz KA, Simard J, Admassu N, Pascua N, Linos E. Knowledge, Motivations, and Practices Regarding Indoor Tanning Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in the San Francisco Bay Area. JAMA Dermatol 2019; 155:852-854. [PMID: 31090875 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lily Morrison
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - Kenneth A Katz
- Department of Dermatology, Kaiser Permanente, San Francisco, California
| | - Julia Simard
- Health Research and Policy, Department of Epidemiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Natnaelle Admassu
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Niko Pascua
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Eleni Linos
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gao Y, Arron ST, Linos E, Polcari I, Mansh MD. Indoor Tanning, Sunless Tanning, and Sun-Protection Behaviors Among Sexual Minority Men. JAMA Dermatol 2019; 154:477-479. [PMID: 29490367 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gao
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sarah T Arron
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Eleni Linos
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Ingrid Polcari
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Matthew D Mansh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Admassu N, Pimentel MA, Halley MC, Torres J, Pascua N, Katz KA, Linos E. Motivations among sexual-minority men for starting and stopping indoor tanning. Br J Dermatol 2019; 180:1529-1530. [PMID: 30671929 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Admassu
- Program for Clinical Research, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A.,UC Berkeley-UCSF Joint Medical Program, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
| | - M A Pimentel
- Program for Clinical Research, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
| | - M C Halley
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, U.S.A
| | - J Torres
- Program for Clinical Research, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
| | - N Pascua
- Program for Clinical Research, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
| | - K A Katz
- Department of Dermatology, Kaiser Permanente, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
| | - E Linos
- Program for Clinical Research, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|