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Naatz A, Yeo CT, Hogg N, Corbett JA. β-Cell-selective regulation of gene expression by nitric oxide. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2024; 326:R552-R566. [PMID: 38586887 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00240.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Nitric oxide is produced at low micromolar levels following the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and is responsible for mediating the inhibitory actions of cytokines on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by islets of Langerhans. It is through the inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, specifically aconitase and complex 4 of the electron transport chain, that nitric oxide inhibits insulin secretion. Nitric oxide also attenuates protein synthesis, induces DNA damage, activates DNA repair pathways, and stimulates stress responses (unfolded protein and heat shock) in β-cells. In this report, the time- and concentration-dependent effects of nitric oxide on the expression of six genes known to participate in the response of β-cells to this free radical were examined. The genes included Gadd45α (DNA repair), Puma (apoptosis), Hmox1 (antioxidant defense), Hsp70 (heat shock), Chop (UPR), and Ppargc1α (mitochondrial biogenesis). We show that nitric oxide stimulates β-cell gene expression in a narrow concentration range of ∼0.5-1 µM or levels corresponding to iNOS-derived nitric oxide. At concentrations greater than 1 µM, nitric oxide fails to stimulate gene expression in β-cells, and this is associated with the inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. This narrow concentration range of responses is β-cell selective, as the actions of nitric oxide in non-β-cells (α-cells, mouse embryonic fibroblasts, and macrophages) are concentration dependent. Our findings suggest that β-cells respond to a narrow concentration range of nitric oxide that is consistent with the levels produced following iNOS induction, and that these concentration-dependent actions are selective for insulin-containing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Naatz
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Chay Teng Yeo
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Neil Hogg
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - John A Corbett
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
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2
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Françozo MCS, Costa FRC, Guerra-Gomes IC, Silva JS, Sesti-Costa R. Dendritic cells and regulatory T cells expressing CCR4 provide resistance to coxsackievirus B5-induced pancreatitis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14766. [PMID: 31611578 PMCID: PMC6791842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51311-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type B coxsackieviruses (CVB) are enteroviruses responsible for a common infectious myocarditis and pancreatitis. DCs and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key players in controlling virus replication and regulating the immune response and tissue damage, respectively. However, the mechanisms underlying cellular migration to target tissues remain unclear. In the present study, we found that CVB5 infection induced CCL17 production and controlled the migration of CCR4+ DCs and CCR4+ Tregs to the pancreatic lymph nodes (pLN). CVB5 infection of CCR4-/- mice reduced the migration of the CD8α+ DC subset and reduced DC activation and production of IFN-β and IL-12. Consequently, CCR4-/- mice presented decreased IFN-γ-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, an increased viral load and more severe pancreatitis. In addition, CCR4-/- mice had impaired Treg accumulation in pLN as well as increased T lymphocyte activation. Adoptive transfer of CCR4+ Tregs but not CCR4- Tregs was able to regulate T lymphocyte activation upon CVB5 infection. The present data reveal a previously unknown role for CCR4 in coordinating immune cell migration to CVB-infected tissues and in controlling subsequent pancreatitis. These new insights may contribute to the design of future therapies for acute and chronic infection of non-polio enteroviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederico R C Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabel C Guerra-Gomes
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João S Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Fiocruz- Bi-Institutional Translational Medicine Project, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Renata Sesti-Costa
- Hematology Center, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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The protective effect of interfering TLR9-IRF5 signaling pathway on the development of CVB3-induced myocarditis. Clin Immunol 2019; 207:24-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Kwon BE, Song JH, Song HH, Kang JW, Hwang SN, Rhee KJ, Shim A, Hong EH, Kim YJ, Jeon SM, Chang SY, Kim DE, Cho S, Ko HJ. Antiviral Activity of Oroxylin A against Coxsackievirus B3 Alleviates Virus-Induced Acute Pancreatic Damage in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155784. [PMID: 27195463 PMCID: PMC4873122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The flavonoids mosloflavone, oroxylin A, and norwogonin, which were purified from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, significantly protected Vero cells against Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced cell death. To investigate the in vivo antiviral activity of oroxylin A, we intraperitoneally inoculated CVB3 into 4-week-old BALB/c mice. Body weights and blood glucose levels of the mice were decreased after CVB3 infection, and these changes were attenuated by the administration of oroxylin A. Importantly, treatment of mice with oroxylin A reduced viral titers in the pancreas and decreased the serum levels of the inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Additionally, the administration of oroxylin A mitigated the histological pancreatic lesions and apoptotic cell death induced by CVB3 infection and increased the levels of phospho-eIF2α in infected pancreata. The results suggest that oroxylin A may represent a potent antiviral agent against CVB3 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Eun Kwon
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200–701, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hyoung Song
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200–701, South Korea
| | - Hyuk-Hwan Song
- Agency for Korea National Food Cluster (AnFC), Iksan, Korea
| | - Ju Won Kang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, 220–710, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam Noh Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, 220–710, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jong Rhee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, 220–710, Republic of Korea
| | - Aeri Shim
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200–701, South Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Hong
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200–701, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Jeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae, 621–749, South Korea
| | - Sang-Min Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, 443–749, South Korea
| | - Sun-Young Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, 443–749, South Korea
| | - Dong-Eun Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sungchan Cho
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200–701, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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Song JH, Kwon BE, Jang H, Kang H, Cho S, Park K, Ko HJ, Kim H. Antiviral Activity of Chrysin Derivatives against Coxsackievirus B3 in vitro and in vivo. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23:465-70. [PMID: 26336587 PMCID: PMC4556207 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysin is a 5,7-dihydroxyflavone and was recently shown to potently inhibit enterovirus 71 (EV71) by suppressing viral 3C protease (3Cpro) activity. In the current study, we investigated whether chrysin also shows antiviral activity against coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), which belongs to the same genus (Enterovirus) as EV71, and assessed its ability to prevent the resulting acute pancreatitis and myocarditis. We found that chrysin showed antiviral activity against CVB3 at 10 μM, but exhibited mild cellular cytotoxicity at 50 μM, prompting us to synthesize derivatives of chrysin to increase the antiviral activity and reduce its cytotoxicity. Among four 4-substituted benzyl derivatives derived from C(5) benzyl-protected derivatives 7, 9–11 had significant antiviral activity and showed the most potent activity against CVB3 with low cytotoxicity in Vero cells. Intraperitoneal injection of CVB3 in BALB/c mice with 1×106 TCID50 (50% tissue culture infective dose) of CVB3 induced acute pancreatitis with ablation of acinar cells and increased serum CXCL1 levels, whereas the daily administration of 9 for 5 days significantly alleviated the pancreatic inflammation and reduced the elevation in serum CXCL1 levels. Collectively, we assessed the anti-CVB3 activities of chrysin and its derivatives, and found that among 4-substituted benzyl derivatives, 9 exhibited the highest activity against CVB3 in vivo, and protected mice from CVB3-induced pancreatic damage, simultaneously lowering serum CXCL1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyoung Song
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701
| | - Bo-Eun Kwon
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701
| | - Hongjun Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749
| | - Hyunju Kang
- Targeted Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongwon 363-883
| | - Sungchan Cho
- Targeted Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongwon 363-883
| | - Kwisung Park
- Department of Microbiology, Chungcheongnam-Do Institute of Health and Environmental Research, Daejeon 300-801, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701
| | - Hyoungsu Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749
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Garmaroudi FS, Marchant D, Hendry R, Luo H, Yang D, Ye X, Shi J, McManus BM. Coxsackievirus B3 replication and pathogenesis. Future Microbiol 2015; 10:629-53. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Viruses such as coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) are entirely host cell-dependent parasites. Indeed, they must cleverly exploit various compartments of host cells to complete their life cycle, and consequently launch disease. Evolution has equipped this pico-rna-virus, CVB3, to use different strategies, including CVB3-induced direct damage to host cells followed by a host inflammatory response to CVB3 infection, and cell death to super-additively promote target organ tissue injury, and dysfunction. In this update, the patho-stratagems of CVB3 are explored from molecular, and systems-level approaches. In summarizing recent developments in this field, we focus particularly on mechanisms by which CVB3 can harness different host cell processes including kinases, host cell-killing and cell-eating machineries, matrix metalloproteinases and miRNAs to promote disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid S Garmaroudi
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart & Lung Health, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z, Canada
| | - David Marchant
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Reid Hendry
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Honglin Luo
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart & Lung Health, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z, Canada
| | - Decheng Yang
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart & Lung Health, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z, Canada
| | - Xin Ye
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart & Lung Health, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z, Canada
| | - Junyan Shi
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart & Lung Health, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z, Canada
| | - Bruce M McManus
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart & Lung Health, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z, Canada
- Centre of Excellence for Prevention of Organ Failure, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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He F, Yao H, Xiao Z, Han J, Zou J, Liu Z. Inhibition of IL-2 inducible T-cell kinase alleviates T-cell activation and murine myocardial inflammation associated with CVB3 infection. Mol Immunol 2014; 59:30-8. [PMID: 24462896 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection causes myocarditis, pancreatitis, and aseptic meningitis. Targeting antigen-specific T cell reactions might be a promising way to alleviate the inflammatory response induced by CVB3 infection. IL-2-inducible T-cell kinase (ITK), a member of Tec kinase family expressed mainly in T cells, plays an important role in the activation of T cells. The role of ITK in viral myocarditis induced by CVB3 has not been documented. METHODOLOGY In this study, we inhibited the ITK expression in Jurkat cells, primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and mouse splenocytes by ITK-specific siRNA. The inhibition efficiently suppressed cell proliferation (P<0.05) and T-cell related cytokine secretion (P<0.05). In order to inhibit ITK in vivo, the pGCSIL plasmid containing short hairpin RNAs targeting ITK was constructed and transduced into mice infected with CVB3. ITK-inhibited mice showed reduced cell proliferation (3, 5, and 7 days post-challenge, P<0.05) as well as CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (5 days post-challenge, P<0.05). The altered production of inflammatory cytokines alleviated pathologic heart damage and improved mice survival rate (P<0.05). CONCLUSION ITK played an important role in the T cell development and represented a new target for the modulation of T-cell-mediated inflammatory response by CVB3 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Hailan Yao
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Zonghui Xiao
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jisheng Han
- Medical Department, Aerospace 731 Hospital, Beijing 100074, China
| | - Jizhen Zou
- Pathology Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Zhewei Liu
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.
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Lundgren M, Darnerud PO, Ilbäck NG. The flame-retardant BDE-99 dose-dependently affects viral replication in CVB3-infected mice. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 91:1434-1438. [PMID: 23427858 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The flame retardant component 2,2',4,4',5-penta-BDE (BDE-99) is found in the environment and in human tissues and fluids. In mice the common human coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection has been shown to change the tissue distribution of BDE-99. We now investigate how CVB3 infection in mice affects liver uptake of (14)C at two doses of radiolabelled BDE-99, and whether increased tissue levels are related to changed virus replication and gene expression of the proinflammatory chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Mice were infected on day 0, orally treated either with 200μg or 20mg (14)C-BDE-99/kgbw on day 1, and euthanised on day 3. Serum and liver levels of (14)C-BDE-99, as well as virus levels and gene expressions of MCP-1 in the liver, were measured. In non-infected mice, there was a dose-dependent uptake of BDE-99 in both liver and serum, and in infected animals the liver BDE-99 levels was further increased. When comparing infected mice exposed to the two BDE-99 doses, the higher BDE dose resulted in increased virus amounts in the liver, and decreased infection-induced expression of MCP-1. Consequently, a high enough dose/tissue concentration of BDE-99 may result in a disturbed mobilisation of immune cells into infected tissues that could explain higher virus titres and a possibly altered clinical course of the disease. Moreover, the fact that CVB3 infection increased the BDE-99 levels in liver but not in serum may impair the risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in subclinical and clinically infected individuals, as serum levels is the common marker of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Lundgren
- Risk Benefit Assessment Department, National Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
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Han T, Zhao K, Wu C, Lu H, Song D, He W, Gao F. Viral kinetics are associated with changes in cytokines and chemokines in serum and target organs of SSM-CVB3-infected macaques. Exp Mol Pathol 2012; 94:174-81. [PMID: 22771307 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between viral kinetics and the expression patterns for different cytokines and chemokines in the serum and organs of coxsackievirus B3 (SSM-CVB3)-infected macaques over the course of infection. METHODS SSM-CVB3 levels in serum and organs were measured using the Spearman-Karber 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID(50)) method. Cytokine and chemokine levels in the serum and organs were measured by indirect-ELISA. RESULTS Low viral titers were detected in the serum samples on the first day post-inoculation (p.i.) and peaked at 6 to 10 days p.i. in the serum samples from five macaques. Serum levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12p40, IL-17α, IFN-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1 and MIP-1β were detected each day and, similar to the viral titers, peaked at 6 to 10 days. IL-10 was only detected on days 10 to 14 p.i. Additionally, higher viral titers and relative viral mRNA levels were associated with higher cytokine and chemokine levels in selected tissues from infected macaques including heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and brain. CONCLUSION The results indicate that patterns of cytokine and chemokine response are associated with viral kinetics in the serum and target organs of SSM-CVB3-infected macaques, suggesting that the changes in cytokines and chemokines could help further our understanding of the progress of CVB3 infections in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiesuo Han
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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Pairwise network mechanisms in the host signaling response to coxsackievirus B3 infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:17053-8. [PMID: 20833815 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1006478107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction networks can be perturbed biochemically, genetically, and pharmacologically to unravel their functions. But at the systems level, it is not clear how such perturbations are best implemented to extract molecular mechanisms that underlie network function. Here, we combined pairwise perturbations with multiparameter phosphorylation measurements to reveal causal mechanisms within the signaling network response of cardiomyocytes to coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection. Using all possible pairs of six kinase inhibitors, we assembled a dynamic nine-protein phosphorylation signature of perturbed CVB3 infectivity. Cluster analysis of the resulting dataset showed repeatedly that paired inhibitor data were required for accurate data-driven predictions of kinase substrate links in the host network. With pairwise data, we also derived a high-confidence network based on partial correlations, which identified phospho-IκBα as a central "hub" in the measured phosphorylation signature. The reconstructed network helped to connect phospho-IκBα with an autocrine feedback circuit in host cells involving the proinflammatory cytokines, TNF and IL-1. Autocrine blockade substantially inhibited CVB3 progeny release and improved host cell viability, implicating TNF and IL-1 as cell autonomous components of CVB3-induced myocardial damage. We conclude that pairwise perturbations, when combined with network-level intracellular measurements, enrich for mechanisms that would be overlooked by single perturbants.
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