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Batool F, Iqbal N, Adeel S, Azeem M, Hussaan M, Mia R. Sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) leaves as natural colorant for cotton dyeing using an ecofriendly approach toward industrial progress. Sci Prog 2024; 107:368504241271737. [PMID: 39109939 PMCID: PMC11307346 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241271737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
In the industrial sector, vegetable residual materials have received attention in the production of bio-colorant for textile dyeing. The current research endeavor is centered on investigating the possibility of using sugar beet leaves as a natural source of dye for the purpose of dyeing cotton fabrics. Different extraction methods were utilized to isolate the bio-colorant present in sugar beet residual material, and the most favorable colorant yield was obtained using a 5% methanolic KOH solution. For optimal dyeing results, the cotton fabric performed dyeing for a duration of 45 min at a temperature of 60 °C, using a salt solution concentration of 6 g/100 mL and 50 mL of the extracted dye solution. Characterization of dye using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of quercetin in the leaf extract. For the creation of a range of color variations, mordants that were chemical in nature, such as tannic acid, iron sulfate, potassium dichromate, and copper sulfate, as well as mordants that were bio-based, such as onion peel, pomegranate peel, henna, golden shower bark, and turmeric, were employed in harmony. In comparison, the utilization of bio-mordants resulted in darker shades that exhibited enhanced color intensity and superior color fastness properties with the value of 4-5 for wash, 4 for wet rubbing, 4-5 for dry rubbing, and 4-5 for light. The findings of this study hold significant value in terms of ecofriendly waste management and contribute to advancements in the industrial sector by utilizing waste residual materials as a natural source of colorants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Batool
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Adeel
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Azeem
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Zallaq, Bahrain
| | - Muhammad Hussaan
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rony Mia
- Center for Global Health Research, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Textile Engineering, National Institute of Textile Engineering and Research, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Zhao Z, Wu D, Lv D, Zhang X, Chen L, Zhang B. Supported of gold nanoparticles on carboxymethyl lignin modified magnetic nanoparticles as an efficient catalyst for reduction of nitroarenes and treatment of human melanoma. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132250. [PMID: 38729467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
This article represents the synthesis and characterizations of Au NPs immobilized and carboxymethyl lignin (CML) modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@CML/Au NPs) following a bio-inspired protocol without the participation of any toxic and harmful reductant or stabilizers. Following various physicochemical methodologies, such as FT-IR, FE-SEM, TEM, EDX, XRD, VSM, and ICP-OES, the textural characteristics and different structural aspects were evaluated. The Fe3O4@CML/Au NPs nanocomposite was subsequently explored towards the catalytic reduction of diverse aromatic nitro functions using green conditions. An excellent yield were achieved within very short reaction time. Nine recycling runs of the nanocatalyst were completed without a discernible loss of catalytic activity, thanks to its easy magnetic recovery. The DPPH assay was carried out to examine the antioxidant effectiveness. The Fe3O4@CML/Au NPs nanocomposite inhibited half of the DPPH in a 250 μg/mL solution. To measure the anti-human melanoma efficacy of Fe3O4@CML/Au NPs nanocomposite, MTT assay was applied on HT144, MUM2C, IPC-298 and SKMEL24 cell lines. Fe3O4@CML/Au NPs nanocomposite had high anti-human melanoma efficacy on above tumor cells. The best finding of anti-human melanoma properties of Fe3O4@CML/Au NPs nanocomposite was seen in the case of the SKMEL24 cell line. The IC50 of Fe3O4@CML/Au NPs nanocomposite was 137, 145, 185, and 125 μg/mL against HT144, MUM2C, IPC-298 and SKMEL24 cells, respectively. This research exhibited remarkable anti-human melanoma and antioxidant efficacies of Fe3O4@CML/Au NPs nanocomposite in the in vitro condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunjiang Zhao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241004, Anhui, China.
| | - Dejin Wu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Lu'an People's Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Lu'an 237005, Anhui, China
| | - Dalun Lv
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241004, Anhui, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241004, Anhui, China; Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, An Qing 116 Hospital, An Qing 246003, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241004, Anhui, China
| | - Baode Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Lu'an People's Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Lu'an 237005, Anhui, China
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Gebreslassie YT, Gebremeskel FG. Green and cost-effective biofabrication of copper oxide nanoparticles: Exploring antimicrobial and anticancer applications. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 41:e00828. [PMID: 38312482 PMCID: PMC10835232 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2024.e00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has made remarkable advancements in recent years, revolutionizing various scientific fields, industries, and research institutions through the utilization of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. Among these nanoparticles, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) have garnered significant attention due to their versatile properties and wide-range applications, particularly, as effective antimicrobial and anticancer agents. CuO NPs can be synthesized using different methods, including physical, chemical, and biological approaches. However, conventional chemical and physical approaches are expensive, resource-intensive, and involve the use of hazardous chemicals, which can pose risks to human health and the environment. In contrast, biological synthesis provides a sustainable and cost-effective alternative by eliminating chemical pollutants and allowing for the production of CuO NPs of tailored sizes and shapes. This comprehensive review focused on the green synthesis of CuO NPs using various biological resources, such as plants, microorganisms, and other biological derivatives. Current knowledge and recent trends in green synthesis methods for CuO NPs are discussed, with a specific emphasis on their biomedical applications, particularly in combating cancer and microbial infections. This review highlights the significant potential of CuO NPs in addressing these diseases. By capitalizing on the advantages of biological synthesis, such as environmental safety and the ability to customize nanoparticle characteristics, CuO NPs have emerged as promising therapeutic agents for a wide range of conditions. This review presents compelling findings, demonstrating the remarkable achievements of biologically synthesized CuO NPs as novel therapeutic agents. Their unique properties and mechanisms enable effective combating against cancer cells and various harmful microbial infections. CuO NPs exhibit potent anticancer activity through diverse mechanisms, including induction of apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, and modulation of signaling pathways. Additionally, their antimicrobial activity manifests through various mechanisms, such as disrupting microbial membranes, generating reactive oxygen species, and interfering with microbial enzymes. This review offers valuable insights into the substantial potential of biologically synthesized CuO NPs as an innovative approach for future therapeutic interventions against cancer and microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemane Tadesse Gebreslassie
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Science, Adigrat University, P.O. Box 50, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Fisseha Guesh Gebremeskel
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Arba Minch University, P.O. Box 21, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
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Badran SR, Hamed A. Is the trend toward a sustainable green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles completely safe for Oreochromis niloticus when compared to chemical ones?: using oxidative stress, bioaccumulation, and histological biomarkers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:9477-9494. [PMID: 38190069 PMCID: PMC10824803 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31707-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Scientists worldwide have noticed that cutting-edge technologies can be used to produce nanoparticles (NPs) in a sustainable and environmentally friendly way, instead of the old methods. However, the effectiveness of this approach for aquatic environments and species still needs to be determined. Therefore, this study aims to compare between the toxicity of green and chemically synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (GS and CS) CuO NPs at two different concentrations on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) using various biomarkers. CuO NPs' formation was proved, and their different characterizations were recorded. Then, the fish samples were randomly allocated in glass aquaria into five groups: one acted as a control group, and the other groups were exposed to two concentrations (25 and 50 mg/L) of GS-CuO NPs and CS-CuO NPs, separately, for 4 days. After the experimental time, in all groups that were exposed to two concentrations of both synthesized CuO NPs, the results revealed that glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were elevated in the liver and gills compared to glutathione reduced (GSH) content, which showed a significant decline. Bioaccumulation of Cu was more prevalent in the liver than in the gills, and the highest bioaccumulation capacity was more evident in the groups exposed to CS-CuO NPs. Moreover, the bioaccumulation of Cu caused severe histological changes in the liver and gills. In conclusion, the results suggested that GS-CuO NPs revealed less toxicity than CS-CuO NPs to the examined fish. However, they are still toxic, and their toxic effect cannot be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen R Badran
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Aliaa Hamed
- Department of Biology, Basic Science Center, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), Giza, Egypt
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Ranjbar M, Khakdan F, Mukherjee A. In vitro analysis of green synthesized CuO nanoparticles using Tanacetum parthenium extract for multifunctional applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:60180-60195. [PMID: 37017848 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26706-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Tanacetum parthenium L. is a popular traditional medicinal plant that the role of presence of particular phytochemical compounds are still unconsidered particularly in the bio-nano researches. Here, for the first time, the green fabrication of CuO NPs using Tanacetum parthenium L. extract was performed and assessed for the antimicrobial, cytotoxicity, and dye degradation activities. Characterization of CuO NPs was done by UV-visible spectra, XRD, FT-IR, TEM, and EDX. The synthesized CuO NPs possess a crystalline nature, a functional group that resembles T. parthenium, with a spherical shape particle with an average size of 28 nm. EDX confirmed CuO NPs formation. The CuO NPs showed excellent antimicrobial activity against tested microorganisms. The cytotoxicity of CuO NPs was demonstrated the concentration-dependent inhibition of the growth against both cancer and normal cell lines. The results exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition of the growth of Hela, A 549, and MCF7 cancer cells (IC50 = 65.0, 57.4, and 71.8 µg/mL, respectively), which were statistically significant comparing control cells (IC50 = 226.1 µg/mL). Furthermore, we observed that CuO NPs-induced programmed cell death in the cancer cells were mediated with the downregulation of Bcl2 and upregulation of bax, caspase-3. CuO NPs were verified to be a superb catalyst as they had excellent activity for the degradation of 99.6%, 98.7%, 96.6%, and 96.6% of Congo red, methylene blue, methylene orange, and rhodamine B as industrial dyes in 3, 6.5, 6.5, and 6.5 min, respectively. Overall, the present study nominates T. parthenium as a proper bio-agent in the biosynthesis of CuO NPs with powerful catalytic and antimicrobial activities as well as a cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Ranjbar
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran.
| | | | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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Talebian S, Shahnavaz B, Nejabat M, Abolhassani Y, Rassouli FB. Bacterial-mediated synthesis and characterization of copper oxide nanoparticles with antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer potentials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1140010. [PMID: 36949885 PMCID: PMC10025390 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1140010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of novel bacterial strains for effective biosynthesis of nanoparticles minimizes negative environmental impact and eliminates challenges of available approaches. In the present study, cell-free extract of Stenotrophomonas sp. BS95. was used for synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs). Characterization of crude and calcined CuONPs was carried out by UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, zeta potential, dynamic light scattering, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Afterward, biogenic CuONPs were evaluated for antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic effects using broth micro-dilution method, DPPH assay and alamarBlue assay, respectively. Finally, molecular mechanisms behind anticancer effects of CuONPs was ascertained by real time PCR. UV-vis absorbance spectra registered surface plasmon resonance peaks at 286 nm and 420 nm for crude and calcined CuONPs, respectively. FTIR spectra exhibited bands associated with organic functional groups of bacterial proteins, confirming capping and functionalization of CuONPs. The average crystallite size of crude and calcined CuONPs was determined as 18.24 and 21.3 nm by XRD, respectively. The average zeta potentials of crude and calcined CuONPs were as -28.57 ± 5.13 and -29.47 ± 4.78 mV, respectively, indicating their high stability. Electron microscopy revealed that crude and calcined CuONPs were roughly spherical particles with an average size of 35.24 ± 4.64 and 43.68 ± 2.31 nm, respectively. Biogenic CuONPs induced antibacterial effects with minimal inhibitory concentrations ranging from 62.5 to 1,000 μg/ml against Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains. The antioxidant activity of crude and calcined CuONPs was found to be 83% ± 2.64% and 78% ± 1.73%, respectively. More intriguingly, CuONPs exerted considerable cytotoxic effects on human colon and gastric adenocarcinoma cells, while induced low toxicity on normal cells. Anticancer effects of biogenic CuONPs were confirmed by significant changes induced in the expression of apoptosis-related genes, including P53, BAX, BCL2 and CCND1. Hence, biosynthesized CuONPs could be considered as potential antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedehsaba Talebian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahar Shahnavaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoud Nejabat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yasaman Abolhassani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh B. Rassouli
- Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Synthesis, biomedical applications, and toxicity of CuO nanoparticles. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:1039-1061. [PMID: 36635395 PMCID: PMC9838533 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12364-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Versatile nature of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) has made them an imperative nanomaterial being employed in nanomedicine. Various physical, chemical, and biological methodologies are in use for the preparation of CuO NPs. The physicochemical and biological properties of CuO NPs are primarily affected by their method of fabrication; therefore, selectivity of a synthetic technique is immensely important that makes these NPs appropriate for a specific biomedical application. The deliberate use of CuO NPs in biomedicine questions their biocompatible nature. For this reason, the present review has been designed to focus on the approaches employed for the synthesis of CuO NPs; their biomedical applications highlighting antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant studies; and most importantly, the in vitro and in vivo toxicity associated with these NPs. This comprehensive overview of CuO NPs is unique and novel as it emphasizes on biomedical applications of CuO NPs along with its toxicological assessments which would be useful in providing core knowledge to researchers working in these domains for planning and conducting futuristic studies. KEY POINTS: • The recent methods for fabrication of CuO nanoparticles have been discussed with emphasis on green synthesis methods for different biomedical approaches. • Antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, antiparasitic, antidiabetic, and antiviral properties of CuO nanoparticles have been explained. • In vitro and in vivo toxicological studies of CuO nanoparticles exploited along with their respective mechanisms.
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Luthfikasari R, Patil TV, Patel DK, Dutta SD, Ganguly K, Espinal MM, Lim KT. Plant-Actuated Micro-Nanorobotics Platforms: Structural Designs, Functional Prospects, and Biomedical Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201417. [PMID: 35801427 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants are anatomically and physiologically different from humans and animals; however, there are several possibilities to utilize the unique structures and physiological systems of plants and adapt them to new emerging technologies through a strategic biomimetic approach. Moreover, plants provide safe and sustainable results that can potentially solve the problem of mass-producing practical materials with hazardous and toxic side effects, particularly in the biomedical field, which requires high biocompatibility. In this review, it is investigated how micro-nanostructures available in plants (e.g., nanoparticles, nanofibers and their composites, nanoporous materials, and natural micromotors) are adapted and utilized in the design of suitable materials for a micro-nanorobot platform. How plants' work on micro- and nanoscale systems (e.g., surface roughness, osmotically induced movements such as nastic and tropic, and energy conversion and harvesting) that are unique to plants, can provide functionality on the platform and become further prospective resources are examined. Furthermore, implementation across organisms and fields, which is promising for future practical applications of the plant-actuated micro-nanorobot platform, especially on biomedical applications, is discussed. Finally, the challenges following its implementation in the micro-nanorobot platform are also presented to provide advanced adaptation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachmi Luthfikasari
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Tejal V Patil
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisiplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinesh K Patel
- Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sayan Deb Dutta
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Keya Ganguly
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Maria Mercedes Espinal
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisiplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
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Green fabrication of copper oxide nanoparticles by Tragopogon collinus leaf extract: Characterization and exploring their selective anticancer effects against human leukemia cell line. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Can nanomaterials support the diagnosis and treatment of human infertility? A preliminary review. Life Sci 2022; 299:120539. [PMID: 35390438 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human infertilities are disorders that afflict many people all over the world. Both male and female reproductive systems must work together in a precise and coordinated manner and infertility has a wide range of problems for this system. Recent advances in nanomedicine immensely helped design the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to alleviate human infertility in both sexes. Nanoscience has recently been used by researchers to increase the detection limit of infertility-related biomarkers via fabricating sensitive nanobiosensors for detecting follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), anti-müllerian hormone (AMH), pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), progesterone, and testosterone. At the same time, a variety of nanostructures, including magnetic nanoparticles (i.e., zinc nanoparticles, cerium nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles), nano-vitamins, extracellular vesicles, and spermbots, have shown promising outcomes in the treatment of human infertilities. Despite recent advancements, some nanostructures might have toxic effects on cells, especially germ cells, and must be optimized with the right ingredients, such as antioxidants, nutrients, and vitamins, to obtain the right strategy to treat and detect human infertilities. This review presents recent developments in nanotechnology regarding impairments still faced by human infertility. New perspectives for further use of nanotechnology in reproductive medicine studies are also discussed. In conclusion, nanotechnology, as a tool for reproductive medicine, has been considered to help overcome current impairments.
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Rajkuberan C, Rajiv P, Mostafa M, Abd-Elsalam KA. Multifunctional copper-based nanocomposites in agroecosystem applications. COPPER NANOSTRUCTURES: NEXT-GENERATION OF AGROCHEMICALS FOR SUSTAINABLE AGROECOSYSTEMS 2022:595-613. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-823833-2.00017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Cuong HN, Pansambal S, Ghotekar S, Oza R, Thanh Hai NT, Viet NM, Nguyen VH. New frontiers in the plant extract mediated biosynthesis of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles and their potential applications: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 203:111858. [PMID: 34389352 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are one of the most widely used nanomaterials nowadays. CuO NPs have numerous applications in biological processes, medicine, energy devices, environmental remediation, and industrial fields from nanotechnology. With the increasing concern about the energy crisis and the challenges of chemical and physical approaches for preparing metal NPs, attempts to develop modern alternative chemistry have gotten much attention. Biological approaches that do not produce toxic waste and therefore do not require purification processes have been the subject of numerous studies. Plants may be extremely useful in the study of biogenic metal NP synthesis. This review aims to shed more light on the interactions between plant extracts and CuO NP synthesis. The use of living plants for CuO NPs biosynthesis is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly process. To date, the findings have revealed many aspects of plant physiology and their relationships to the synthesis of NPs. The current state of the art and potential challenges in the green synthesis of CuO NPs are described in this paper. This study found a recent increase in the green synthesis of CuO NPs using various plant extracts. As a result, a thorough explanation of green synthesis and stabilizing agents for CuO NPs made from these green sources is given. Additionally, the multifunctional applications of CuO NPs synthesized with various plant extracts in environmental remediation, sensing, catalytic reduction, photocatalysis, diverse biological activities, energy storage, and several organic transformations such as reduction, coupling, and multicomponent reactions were carefully reviewed. We expect that this review could serve as a useful guide for readers with a general interest in the plant extract mediated biosynthesis of CuO NPs and their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Ngoc Cuong
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Binh Duong University, Thu Dau Mot, Viet Nam
| | - Shreyas Pansambal
- Department of Chemistry, Shri Saibaba College Shirdi, 423 109, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Suresh Ghotekar
- Department of Chemistry, Smt. Devkiba Mohansinhji Chauhan College of Commerce and Science, University of Mumbai, Silvassa, 396 230, Dadra and Nagar Haveli (UT), India; Department of Chemistry, S.N. Arts, D.J.M. Commerce and B.N.S. Science College, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Sangamner, Maharashtra, 422 605, India.
| | - Rajeshwari Oza
- Department of Chemistry, S.N. Arts, D.J.M. Commerce and B.N.S. Science College, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Sangamner, Maharashtra, 422 605, India
| | - Nguyen Thi Thanh Hai
- Institute of Environmental Technology (IET), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Minh Viet
- VNU-Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Green Growth, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Van-Huy Nguyen
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Binh Duong University, Thu Dau Mot, Viet Nam
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Alghuthaymi MA, Rajkuberan C, Santhiya T, Krejcar O, Kuča K, Periakaruppan R, Prabukumar S. Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Polianthes tuberosa L. Floral Extract. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112370. [PMID: 34834733 PMCID: PMC8624474 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The developments of green-based metallic nanoparticles (gold) are gaining tremendous interest, having potential applications in health care and diagnosis. Therefore, in the present study, Polianthes tuberosa flower filtered extract was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent to synthesize gold nanoparticles (PtubAuNPs). The PtubAuNPs were extensively characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The antibacterial activity of PtubAuNPs was determined by the agar well diffusion method; the PtubAuNPs performed extreme antagonistic activity against the tested pathogens. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of the PtubAuNPs was evaluated in MCF 7 cells by MTT assay. The PtubAuNPs induced toxicity in MCF 7 cells with the least concentration of 100 µg/mL in a dose-dependent method by inducing apoptosis. Overall, the study manifested that PtubAuNPs are a potent nanomaterial that can be employed as an antimicrobial and anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa A. Alghuthaymi
- Biology Department, Science and Humanities College, Shaqra University, Alquwayiyah 19245, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Chandrasekaran Rajkuberan
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, India; (T.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Thiyagaraj Santhiya
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, India; (T.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Ondrej Krejcar
- Malaysia Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia;
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Rajiv Periakaruppan
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, India; (T.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Seetharaman Prabukumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India;
- Laboratory of Functional Molecules and Materials, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
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Ramasamy K, Dhavamani S, Natesan G, Sengodan K, Sengottayan SN, Tiwari M, Shivendra Vikram S, Perumal V. A potential role of green engineered TiO 2 nanocatalyst towards enhanced photocatalytic and biomedical applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:41207-41223. [PMID: 33782825 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates a simple protocol for phytofabrication of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) wrapped with bioactive molecules from Ludwigia octovalvis leaf extract and their characterization by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS), and diffuse reflectance spectrum (DRS). The bandgap energy of pure green engineered TiO2 nanoparticles was determined by DRS analysis. The XPS analysis confirmed the purity of the TiO2 nanoparticles. Results show that the synthesized TiO2NPs were spherical in shape with the size ranged from 36 to 81 nm. The green engineered titanium oxide nanocatalyst exhibited enhanced rate of photocatalytic degradation of important textile toxic dyes namely crystal violet (93.1%), followed by methylene blue (90.6%), methyl orange (76.7%), and alizarin red (72.4%) after 6-h exposure under sunlight irradiation. Besides, this study determines the antimicrobial efficiency of TiO2NPs (25 μl and 50 μl), leaf extract (25 μl), and antibiotic (25 μl) against clinically isolated human pathogenic bacterial strains namely Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Escherichia coli. Results show that maximum antibacterial activity with nanotitania treatment noticed was 21.6 and 18.3-mm inhibition in case of S. epidermis and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Enhanced rate of antibiofilm activity towards S. aureus and K. pneumoniae was also observed with TiO2NPs exposure. The biomolecule loaded TiO2NPs exhibited the fastest bacterial deactivation dynamics towards gram-negative bacteria (E. coli), with a complete bacterial inactivation within 105-min exposure. Interestingly, anticancer activity result indicates that percentage of human cervical carcinoma cell (HeLa) viability was negatively correlated with TiO2NPs doses used. The AO/EtBr fluorescent staining result exhibited the occurrence of more apoptosis (dead cells) of HeLa cells due to the exposure of TiO2NPs. Altogether, the present study clearly showed that biomolecules wrapped nanotitania could be used as effective and promising compound for enhanced photocatalytic and biomedical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawsalya Ramasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem, TN, 636011, India
| | | | - Geetha Natesan
- Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, TN, 624 046, India
| | - Karthik Sengodan
- Division of Biopesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, TN, 627 412, India
| | - Senthil-Nathan Sengottayan
- Division of Biopesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, TN, 627 412, India
| | - Manish Tiwari
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sahi Shivendra Vikram
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4495, USA
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15
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Karthikeyan C, Varaprasad K, Venugopal SK, Shakila S, Venkatraman B, Sadiku R. Biocidal (bacterial and cancer cells) activities of chitosan/CuO nanomaterial, synthesized via a green process. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 259:117762. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Letchumanan D, Sok SPM, Ibrahim S, Nagoor NH, Arshad NM. Plant-Based Biosynthesis of Copper/Copper Oxide Nanoparticles: An Update on Their Applications in Biomedicine, Mechanisms, and Toxicity. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040564. [PMID: 33921379 PMCID: PMC8069291 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are rich in phytoconstituent biomolecules that served as a good source of medicine. More recently, they have been employed in synthesizing metal/metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) due to their capping and reducing properties. This green synthesis approach is environmentally friendly and allows the production of the desired NPs in different sizes and shapes by manipulating parameters during the synthesis process. The most commonly used metals and oxides are gold (Au), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). Among these, Cu is a relatively low-cost metal that is more cost-effective than Au and Ag. In this review, we present an overview and current update of plant-mediated Cu/copper oxide (CuO) NPs, including their synthesis, medicinal applications, and mechanisms. Furthermore, the toxic effects of these NPs and their efficacy compared to commercial NPs are reviewed. This review provides an insight into the potential of developing plant-based Cu/CuO NPs as a therapeutic agent for various diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devanthiran Letchumanan
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (D.L.); (S.P.M.S.); (N.H.N.)
| | - Sophia P. M. Sok
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (D.L.); (S.P.M.S.); (N.H.N.)
- Institute of Biological Sciences (Genetics and Molecular Biology), Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Suriani Ibrahim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Noor Hasima Nagoor
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (D.L.); (S.P.M.S.); (N.H.N.)
- Institute of Biological Sciences (Genetics and Molecular Biology), Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Norhafiza Mohd Arshad
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (D.L.); (S.P.M.S.); (N.H.N.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Navada KM, G. K N, R R, D’Souza JN, Kouser S, D. J M. Synthesis, characterization of phyto-functionalized CuO nano photocatalysts for mitigation of textile dyes in waste water purification, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer evaluation. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-01688-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Patil S, Chandrasekaran R. Biogenic nanoparticles: a comprehensive perspective in synthesis, characterization, application and its challenges. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2020; 18:67. [PMID: 33104931 PMCID: PMC7588575 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-020-00081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Translating the conventional scientific concepts into a new robust invention is a much needed one at a present scenario to develop some novel materials with intriguing properties. Particles in nanoscale exhibit superior activity than their bulk counterpart. This unique feature is intensively utilized in physical, chemical, and biological sectors. Each metal is holding unique optical properties that can be utilized to synthesize metallic nanoparticles. At present, versatile nanoparticles were synthesized through chemical and biological methods. Metallic nanoparticles pose numerous scientific merits and have promising industrial applications. But concerning the pros and cons of metallic nanoparticle synthesis methods, researchers elevate to drive the synthesis process of nanoparticles through the utilization of plant resources as a substitute for use of chemicals and reagents under the theme of green chemistry. These synthesized nanoparticles exhibit superior antimicrobial, anticancer, larvicidal, leishmaniasis, wound healing, antioxidant, and as a sensor. Therefore, the utilization of such conceptualized nanoparticles in treating infectious and environmental applications is a warranted one. CONCLUSION Green chemistry is a keen prudence method, in which bioresources is used as a template for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Therefore, in this review, we exclusively update the context of plant-based metallic nanoparticle synthesis, characterization, and applications in detailed coverage. Hopefully, our review will be modernizing the recent trends going on in metallic nanoparticles synthesis for the blooming research fraternities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Patil
- Department of Microbiology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Krishna College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, India
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Arsalan N, Hassan Kashi E, Hasan A, Edalat Doost M, Rasti B, Ahamad Paray B, Zahed Nakhjiri M, Sari S, Sharifi M, Shahpasand K, Akhtari K, Haghighat S, Falahati M. Exploring the Interaction of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles with Albumin, Leukemia Cancer Cells and Pathogenic Bacteria by Multispectroscopic, Docking, Cellular and Antibacterial Approaches. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:4607-4623. [PMID: 32636621 PMCID: PMC7328876 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s257711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The interaction of NPs with biological systems may reveal useful details about their pharmacodynamic, anticancer and antibacterial effects. Methods Herein, the interaction of as-synthesized Co3O4 NPs with HSA was explored by different kinds of fluorescence and CD spectroscopic methods, as well as molecular docking studies. Also, the anticancer effect of Co3O4 NPs against leukemia K562 cells was investigated by MTT, LDH, caspase, real-time PCR, ROS, cell cycle, and apoptosis assays. Afterwards, the antibacterial effects of Co3O4 NPs against three pathogenic bacteria were disclosed by antibacterial assays. Results Different characterization methods such as TEM, DLS, zeta potential and XRD studies proved that fabricated Co3O4 NPs by sol-gel method have a diameter of around 50 nm, hydrodynamic radius of 177 nm with a charge distribution of −33.04 mV and a well-defined crystalline phase. Intrinsic, extrinsic, and synchronous fluorescence as well as CD studies, respectively, showed that the HSA undergoes some fluorescence quenching, minor conformational changes, microenvironmental changes as well as no structural changes in the secondary structure, after interaction with Co3O4 NPs. Molecular docking results also verified that the spherical clusters with a dimension of 1.5 nm exhibit the most binding energy with HSA molecules. Anticancer assays demonstrated that Co3O4 NPs can selectively lead to the reduction of K562 cell viability through the cell membrane damage, activation of caspase-9, -8 and -3, elevation of Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio, ROS production, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Finally, antibacterial assays disclosed that Co3O4 NPs can stimulate a promising antibacterial effect against pathogenic bacteria. Conclusion In general, these observations can provide useful information for the early stages of nanomaterial applications in therapeutic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Arsalan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Lahijan, Guilan, Iran
| | - Elahe Hassan Kashi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Mona Edalat Doost
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Rasti
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Lahijan, Guilan, Iran
| | - Bilal Ahamad Paray
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Zahed Nakhjiri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Lahijan, Guilan, Iran
| | - Soyar Sari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Sharifi
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Koorosh Shahpasand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology (RI-SCBT), Tehran, Iran
| | - Keivan Akhtari
- Department of Physics, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Setareh Haghighat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Falahati
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Javed B, Mashwani ZUR. Synergistic Effects of Physicochemical Parameters on Bio-Fabrication of Mint Silver Nanoparticles: Structural Evaluation and Action Against HCT116 Colon Cancer Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:3621-3637. [PMID: 32547018 PMCID: PMC7250703 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s254402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, the concentration of the AgNO3 and ratio of reactants act synergistically to influence the reaction kinetics, molecular mechanics, enzymatic catalysis and protein conformations that aid to affect the size, shape and biochemical corona of nanoparticles. The present study was performed to investigate the influence of reaction parameters on the bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using Mentha arvensis and to determine their potential to control the proliferation of colon cancer cells'. Methods Plant-mediated method was used for the bio-fabrication and stabilization of AgNPs. Reaction parameters were arranged, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) bands of AgNPs were collected by using a UV-Visible spectrophotometer. NPs were characterized structurally and optically by using SEM, AFM, EDX and DLS techniques. AgNPs and plant aqueous extract were tested against HCT116 colon cancer cells by using SRB assay, Annexin V assay and cell cycle analysis. Results Spectrophotometric comparison of various reaction conditions manifested that 5 mM of AgNO3, 60 °C in an acidic pH and a mixing ratio of 1:9 of plant extract and AgNO3, respectively, are the optimized conditions for AgNP synthesis. Structural evaluation by SEM, AFM and particle size analysis confirmed that the NPs are <100 nm and are anisotropic, spherical, triangular and moderately dispersed in the colloidal mixture. SRB assay expressed biomass-stabilized AgNPs as effective cytotoxic particles against HCT116 colon cancer cells, and the IC50 was measured at 1.7 µg/mL. Annexin V apoptosis assay further confirmed that the AgNPs induce apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Experimental evidence manifested that the AgNPs arrest cell cycle and expressed entrapment of a greater number of cells in the Sub-G1 phase, further verifying the anticancer abilities of AgNPs. Conclusion These findings explain the synergistic effects of physicochemical parameters to optimize the phytosynthesis of biocompatible AgNPs to overcome the limitations of conventional chemotherapeutic treatments of colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Javed
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA.,Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab 46300, Pakistan
| | - Zia-Ur-Rehman Mashwani
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab 46300, Pakistan
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