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Susniak K, Krysa M, Kidaj D, Szymanska-Chargot M, Komaniecka I, Zamlynska K, Choma A, Wielbo J, Ilag LL, Sroka-Bartnicka A. Multimodal Spectroscopic Imaging of Pea Root Nodules to Assess the Nitrogen Fixation in the Presence of Biofertilizer Based on Nod-Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12991. [PMID: 34884793 PMCID: PMC8657664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimodal spectroscopic imaging methods such as Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MALDI MSI), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy were used to monitor the changes in distribution and to determine semi quantitatively selected metabolites involved in nitrogen fixation in pea root nodules. These approaches were used to evaluate the effectiveness of nitrogen fixation by pea plants treated with biofertilizer preparations containing Nod factors. To assess the effectiveness of biofertilizer, the fresh and dry masses of plants were determined. The biofertilizer was shown to be effective in enhancing the growth of the pea plants. In case of metabolic changes, the biofertilizer caused a change in the apparent distribution of the leghaemoglobin from the edges of the nodule to its centre (the active zone of nodule). Moreover, the enhanced nitrogen fixation and presumably the accelerated maturation form of the nodules were observed with the use of a biofertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Susniak
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (D.K.); (I.K.); (K.Z.); (A.C.); (J.W.)
| | - Mikolaj Krysa
- Independent Unit of Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (L.L.I.)
| | - Dominika Kidaj
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (D.K.); (I.K.); (K.Z.); (A.C.); (J.W.)
| | | | - Iwona Komaniecka
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (D.K.); (I.K.); (K.Z.); (A.C.); (J.W.)
| | - Katarzyna Zamlynska
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (D.K.); (I.K.); (K.Z.); (A.C.); (J.W.)
| | - Adam Choma
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (D.K.); (I.K.); (K.Z.); (A.C.); (J.W.)
| | - Jerzy Wielbo
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (D.K.); (I.K.); (K.Z.); (A.C.); (J.W.)
| | - Leopold L. Ilag
- Independent Unit of Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (L.L.I.)
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm Univeristy, Svante Arrhenius Väg 16 C, 106-91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Sroka-Bartnicka
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (D.K.); (I.K.); (K.Z.); (A.C.); (J.W.)
- Independent Unit of Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (L.L.I.)
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Subramanian S, Ricci E, Souleimanov A, Smith DL. A Proteomic Approach to Lipo-Chitooligosaccharide and Thuricin 17 Effects on Soybean GerminationUnstressed and Salt Stress. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160660. [PMID: 27560934 PMCID: PMC4999219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt stress is an important abiotic stressor affecting crop growth and productivity. Of the 20 percent of the terrestrial earth's surface available as agricultural land, 50 percent is estimated by the United Nations Environment Program to be salinized to the level that crops growing on it will be salt-stressed. Increased soil salinity has profound effects on seed germination and germinating seedlings as they are frequently confronted with much higher salinities than vigorously growing plants, because germination usually occurs in surface soils, the site of greatest soluble salt accumulation. The growth of soybean exposed to 40 mM NaCl is negatively affected, while an exposure to 80 mM NaCl is often lethal. When treated with the bacterial signal compounds lipo-chitooligosaccharide (LCO) and thuricin 17 (Th17), soybean seeds (variety Absolute RR) responded positively at salt stress of up to 150 mM NaCl. Shotgun proteomics of unstressed and 100 mM NaCl stressed seeds (48 h) in combination with the LCO and Th17 revealed many known, predicted, hypothetical and unknown proteins. In all, carbon, nitrogen and energy metabolic pathways were affected under both unstressed and salt stressed conditions when treated with signals. PEP carboxylase, Rubisco oxygenase large subunit, pyruvate kinase, and isocitrate lyase were some of the noteworthy proteins enhanced by the signals, along with antioxidant glutathione-S-transferase and other stress related proteins. These findings suggest that the germinating seeds alter their proteome based on bacterial signals and on stress, the specificity of this response plays a crucial role in organ maturation and transition from one stage to another in the plants' life cycle; understanding this response is of fundamental importance in agriculture and, as a result, global food security. The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD004106.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmyalakshmi Subramanian
- Department of Plant Sciences, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, H9X3V9, Canada
| | - Emily Ricci
- Department of Plant Sciences, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, H9X3V9, Canada
| | - Alfred Souleimanov
- Department of Plant Sciences, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, H9X3V9, Canada
| | - Donald L. Smith
- Department of Plant Sciences, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, H9X3V9, Canada
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Siczek A, Lipiec J, Wielbo J, Kidaj D, Szarlip P. Symbiotic activity of pea (Pisum sativum) after application of Nod factors under field conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:7344-51. [PMID: 24786094 PMCID: PMC4057676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15057344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth and symbiotic activity of legumes are mediated by Nod factors (LCO, lipo-chitooligosaccharides). To assess the effects of application of Nod factors on symbiotic activity and yield of pea, a two-year field experiment was conducted on a Haplic Luvisol developed from loess. Nod factors were isolated from Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae strain GR09. Pea seeds were treated with the Nod factors (10⁻¹¹ M) or water (control) before planting. Symbiotic activity was evaluated by measurements of nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction assay), nodule number and mass, and top growth by shoot mass, leaf area, and seed and protein yield. Nod factors generally improved pea yield and nitrogenase activity in the relatively dry growing season 2012, but not in the wet growing season in 2013 due to different weather conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Siczek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 201, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Lipiec
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 201, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Wielbo
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 st, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Dominika Kidaj
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 st, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Paweł Szarlip
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 201, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
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The pleiotropic effects of extract containing rhizobial Nod factors on pea growth and yield. Open Life Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/s11535-013-0277-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractRhizobial lipochitooligosacharides (Nod factors) influence the development of legume roots, including growth stimulation, nodule induction and root hair curling. However, their effect on the green parts of plants is less known, therefore we evaluated seed and foliar application of an extract containing Nod factors on pea growth and yield. Pea plants were examined from emergence to full maturity, including growth dynamics and morphological (nodule number and weight, the quantity and surface area of leaves) or physiological (photosynthesis and transpiration intensity, chlorophyll and nitrogen content) parameters. The foliar application Nod factor extract, or seed dressing followed by foliar application, resulted in the best outcomes. The number and weight of root nodules, the chlorophyll content in leaves, and the intensity of net photosynthesis were all elevated. As a consequence of Nod factor treatment, the dynamics of dry mass accumulation of pea organs were improved and the pod number was increased. A significant increase in pea yield was observed after Nod factor application. Increase of nodule and pod numbers and improved growth of roots appear to be amongst the beneficial effects of Nod factor extract on the activation of secondary plant meristems.
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Kidaj D, Wielbo J, Skorupska A. Nod factors stimulate seed germination and promote growth and nodulation of pea and vetch under competitive conditions. Microbiol Res 2012; 167:144-50. [PMID: 21723717 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nod factors are lipochitooligosaccharide (LCO) produced by soil bacteria commonly known as rhizobia acting as signals for the legume plants to initiate symbiosis. Nod factors trigger early symbiotic responses in plant roots and initiate the development of specialized plant organs called nodules, where biological nitrogen fixation takes place. Here, the effect of specific LCO originating from flavonoid induced Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae GR09 culture was studied on germination, plant growth and nodulation of pea and vetch. A crude preparation of GR09 LCO significantly enhanced symbiotic performance of pea and vetch grown under laboratory conditions and in the soil. Moreover, the effect of GR09 LCOs seed treatments on the genetic diversity of rhizobia recovered from vetch and pea nodules was presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Kidaj
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 st., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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The effect of biotic and physical factors on the competitive ability of Rhizobium leguminosarum. Open Life Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11535-011-0085-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
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