1
|
Krysa M, Susniak K, Kubas A, Kidaj D, Sroka-Bartnicka A. MALDI MSI and Raman Spectroscopy Application in the Analysis of the Structural Components and Flavonoids in Brassica napus Stem. Metabolites 2023; 13:687. [PMID: 37367844 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nod factors among the signaling molecules produced by rhizobia in response to flavonoids to induce root nodule formation in the legumes. It is, however, hypothesized that they might increase the yield and positively impact the growth of non-legumes. To evaluate this statement, rapeseed treated with Nod factor-based biofertilizers were cultivated, their stems was collected, and the metabolic changes were investigated using Raman spectroscopy and MALDI mass spectrometry imaging. Biofertilizer proved to increase the concentration of lignin in the cortex, as well as hemicellulose, pectin, and cellulose in the pith. Moreover, the concentration of quercetin derivatives and kaempferol derivatives increased, while the concentration of isorhamnetin dihexoside decreased. The increase in the concentration of the structural components in the stem might therefore increase the lodging resistance, while the increase in concentration of the flavonoids might increase their resistance to fungal infection and herbivorous insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikolaj Krysa
- Independent Unit of Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging, Faculty of Biomedicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Susniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki Street 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Adrianna Kubas
- Independent Unit of Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging, Faculty of Biomedicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dominika Kidaj
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Sroka-Bartnicka
- Independent Unit of Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging, Faculty of Biomedicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Susniak K, Krysa M, Kidaj D, Szymanska-Chargot M, Komaniecka I, Zamlynska K, Choma A, Wielbo J, Ilag LL, Sroka-Bartnicka A. Multimodal Spectroscopic Imaging of Pea Root Nodules to Assess the Nitrogen Fixation in the Presence of Biofertilizer Based on Nod-Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12991. [PMID: 34884793 PMCID: PMC8657664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimodal spectroscopic imaging methods such as Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MALDI MSI), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy were used to monitor the changes in distribution and to determine semi quantitatively selected metabolites involved in nitrogen fixation in pea root nodules. These approaches were used to evaluate the effectiveness of nitrogen fixation by pea plants treated with biofertilizer preparations containing Nod factors. To assess the effectiveness of biofertilizer, the fresh and dry masses of plants were determined. The biofertilizer was shown to be effective in enhancing the growth of the pea plants. In case of metabolic changes, the biofertilizer caused a change in the apparent distribution of the leghaemoglobin from the edges of the nodule to its centre (the active zone of nodule). Moreover, the enhanced nitrogen fixation and presumably the accelerated maturation form of the nodules were observed with the use of a biofertilizer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Susniak
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (D.K.); (I.K.); (K.Z.); (A.C.); (J.W.)
| | - Mikolaj Krysa
- Independent Unit of Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (L.L.I.)
| | - Dominika Kidaj
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (D.K.); (I.K.); (K.Z.); (A.C.); (J.W.)
| | | | - Iwona Komaniecka
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (D.K.); (I.K.); (K.Z.); (A.C.); (J.W.)
| | - Katarzyna Zamlynska
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (D.K.); (I.K.); (K.Z.); (A.C.); (J.W.)
| | - Adam Choma
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (D.K.); (I.K.); (K.Z.); (A.C.); (J.W.)
| | - Jerzy Wielbo
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (D.K.); (I.K.); (K.Z.); (A.C.); (J.W.)
| | - Leopold L. Ilag
- Independent Unit of Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (L.L.I.)
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm Univeristy, Svante Arrhenius Väg 16 C, 106-91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Sroka-Bartnicka
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (D.K.); (I.K.); (K.Z.); (A.C.); (J.W.)
- Independent Unit of Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (L.L.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kidaj D, Krysa M, Susniak K, Matys J, Komaniecka I, Sroka-Bartnicka A. Biological activity of Nod factors. Acta Biochim Pol 2020; 67:435-440. [PMID: 33090749 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2020_5353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Chemically, the Nod factors (NFs) are lipochitooligosaccharides, produced mainly by bacteria of the Rhizobium genus. They are the main signaling molecules involved in the initiation of symbiosis between rhizobia and legume plants. Nod factors affect plant tissues at very low concentrations, even as low as 10-12 mol/L. They induce root hair deformation, cortical cell division, and root nodules' formation in the host plant. At the molecular level, the cytoskeleton is reorganized and expression of genes encoding proteins called nodulins is induced in response to Nod factors in the cell. Action of Nod factors is highly specific because it depends on the structure of a particular Nod factor involved, as well as the plant receptor reacting with it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Kidaj
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mikolaj Krysa
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Susniak
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Matys
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Komaniecka
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Sroka-Bartnicka
- 1Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland; 2Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wielbo J, Podleśna A, Kidaj D, Podleśny J, Skorupska A. The Diversity of Pea Microsymbionts in Various Types of Soils and Their Effects on Plant Host Productivity. Microbes Environ 2015; 30:254-61. [PMID: 26370165 PMCID: PMC4567564 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me14141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth and yield of peas cultivated on eight different soils, as well as the diversity of pea microsymbionts derived from these soils were investigated in the present study. The experimental plot was composed of soils that were transferred from different parts of Poland more than a century ago. The soils were located in direct vicinity of each other in the experimental plot. All soils examined contained pea microsymbionts, which were suggested to belong to Rhizobium leguminosarum sv. viciae based on the nucleotide sequence of the partial 16S rRNA gene. PCR-RFLP analyses of the 16S-23S rRNA gene ITS region and nodD alleles revealed the presence of numerous and diversified groups of pea microsymbionts and some similarities between the tested populations, which may have been the result of the spread or displacement of strains. However, most populations retained their own genetic distinction, which may have been related to the type of soil. Most of the tested populations comprised low-effective strains for the promotion of pea growth. No relationships were found between the characteristics of soil and symbiotic effectiveness of rhizobial populations; however, better seed yield was obtained for soil with medium biological productivity inhabited by high-effective rhizobial populations than for soil with high agricultural quality containing medium-quality pea microsymbionts, and these results showed the importance of symbiosis for plant hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Wielbo
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University,
Akademicka 19 str., 20–033 Lublin,
Poland
| | - Anna Podleśna
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Research Institute,
Czartoryskich 8 str., 24–100 Puławy,
Poland
| | - Dominika Kidaj
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University,
Akademicka 19 str., 20–033 Lublin,
Poland
| | - Janusz Podleśny
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Research Institute,
Czartoryskich 8 str., 24–100 Puławy,
Poland
| | - Anna Skorupska
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University,
Akademicka 19 str., 20–033 Lublin,
Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Siczek A, Lipiec J, Wielbo J, Kidaj D, Szarlip P. Symbiotic activity of pea (Pisum sativum) after application of Nod factors under field conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:7344-51. [PMID: 24786094 PMCID: PMC4057676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15057344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth and symbiotic activity of legumes are mediated by Nod factors (LCO, lipo-chitooligosaccharides). To assess the effects of application of Nod factors on symbiotic activity and yield of pea, a two-year field experiment was conducted on a Haplic Luvisol developed from loess. Nod factors were isolated from Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae strain GR09. Pea seeds were treated with the Nod factors (10⁻¹¹ M) or water (control) before planting. Symbiotic activity was evaluated by measurements of nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction assay), nodule number and mass, and top growth by shoot mass, leaf area, and seed and protein yield. Nod factors generally improved pea yield and nitrogenase activity in the relatively dry growing season 2012, but not in the wet growing season in 2013 due to different weather conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Siczek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 201, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Lipiec
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 201, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Wielbo
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 st, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Dominika Kidaj
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 st, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Paweł Szarlip
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 201, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kidaj D, Wielbo J, Skorupska A. Nod factors stimulate seed germination and promote growth and nodulation of pea and vetch under competitive conditions. Microbiol Res 2012; 167:144-50. [PMID: 21723717 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nod factors are lipochitooligosaccharide (LCO) produced by soil bacteria commonly known as rhizobia acting as signals for the legume plants to initiate symbiosis. Nod factors trigger early symbiotic responses in plant roots and initiate the development of specialized plant organs called nodules, where biological nitrogen fixation takes place. Here, the effect of specific LCO originating from flavonoid induced Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae GR09 culture was studied on germination, plant growth and nodulation of pea and vetch. A crude preparation of GR09 LCO significantly enhanced symbiotic performance of pea and vetch grown under laboratory conditions and in the soil. Moreover, the effect of GR09 LCOs seed treatments on the genetic diversity of rhizobia recovered from vetch and pea nodules was presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Kidaj
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 st., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wielbo J, Marek-Kozaczuk M, Kidaj D, Skorupska A. Competitiveness of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii strains in mixed inoculation of clover (Trifolium pratense). Pol J Microbiol 2011; 60:43-49. [PMID: 21630573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizobium leguminosarum by. trifolii (Rlt) establishes beneficial root nodule symbiosis with clover. Twenty Rlt strains differentially marked with antibiotic-resistance markers were investigated in terms of their competitiveness and plant growth promotion in mixed inoculation of clover in laboratory experiments. The results showed that the studied strains essentially differed in competition ability. These differences seem not to be dependent on bacterial multiplication in the vicinity of roots, but rather on complex physiological traits that affect competitiveness. The most remarkable result of this study is that almost half of the total number of the sampled nodules was colonized by more than one strain. The data suggest that multi-strain model of nodule colonization is common in Rhizobium-legume symbiosis and reflects the diversity ofrhizobial population living in the rhizosphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Wielbo
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University Lublin, Poland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|