1
|
Piesik D, Miler N, Lemańczyk G, Tymoszuk A, Lisiecki K, Bocianowski J, Krawczyk K, Mayhew CA. Induction of volatile organic compounds in chrysanthemum plants following infection by Rhizoctonia solani. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302541. [PMID: 38696430 PMCID: PMC11065281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn infestation on the volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions and biochemical composition of ten cultivars of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium /Ramat./ Hemsl.) to bring new insights for future disease management strategies and the development of resistant chrysanthemum cultivars. The chrysanthemum plants were propagated vegetatively and cultivated in a greenhouse under semi-controlled conditions. VOCs emitted by the plants were collected using a specialized system and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Biochemical analyses of the leaves were performed, including the extraction and quantification of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds. The emission of VOCs varied among the cultivars, with some cultivars producing a wider range of VOCs compared to others. The analysis of the VOC emissions from control plants revealed differences in both their quality and quantity among the tested cultivars. R. solani infection influenced the VOC emissions, with different cultivars exhibiting varying responses to the infection. Statistical analyses confirmed the significant effects of cultivar, collection time, and their interaction on the VOCs. Correlation analyses revealed positive relationships between certain pairs of VOCs. The results show significant differences in the biochemical composition among the cultivars, with variations in chlorophyll, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds content. Interestingly, R. solani soil and leaf infestation decreased the content of carotenoids in chrysanthemums. Plants subjected to soil infestation were characterized with the highest content of phenolics. This study unveils alterations in the volatile and biochemical responses of chrysanthemum plants to R. solani infestation, which can contribute to the development of strategies for disease management and the improvement of chrysanthemum cultivars with enhanced resistance to R. solani.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Piesik
- Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Natalia Miler
- Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Horticulture, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Lemańczyk
- Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Alicja Tymoszuk
- Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Horticulture, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Karol Lisiecki
- Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jan Bocianowski
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Krawczyk
- Department of Virology and Bacteriology, Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute, Poznań, Poland
| | - Chris A. Mayhew
- Institute for Breath Research, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dötterl S, Gershenzon J. Chemistry, biosynthesis and biology of floral volatiles: roles in pollination and other functions. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1901-1937. [PMID: 37661854 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00024a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2010 to 2023Floral volatiles are a chemically diverse group of plant metabolites that serve multiple functions. Their composition is shaped by environmental, ecological and evolutionary factors. This review will summarize recent advances in floral scent research from chemical, molecular and ecological perspectives. It will focus on the major chemical classes of floral volatiles, on notable new structures, and on recent discoveries regarding the biosynthesis and the regulation of volatile emission. Special attention will be devoted to the various functions of floral volatiles, not only as attractants for different types of pollinators, but also as defenses of flowers against enemies. We will also summarize recent findings on how floral volatiles are affected by abiotic stressors, such as increased temperatures and drought, and by other organisms, such as herbivores and flower-dwelling microbes. Finally, this review will indicate current research gaps, such as the very limited knowledge of the isomeric pattern of chiral compounds and its importance in interspecific interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Dötterl
- Department of Environment & Biodiversity, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pierre JF, Jacobsen KL, Latournerie-Moreno L, Torres-Cab WJ, Chan-Canché R, Ruiz-Sánchez E. A review of the impact of maize-legume intercrops on the diversity and abundance of entomophagous and phytophagous insects. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15640. [PMID: 37397027 PMCID: PMC10309049 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In many parts of the world, chemical pesticides are the primary method of pest control in maize (Zea mays L.) crops. Concerns about the negative consequences of chemical pesticide use on people's health and the environment, as well as the emergence of insecticide resistance, have accelerated attempts to discover alternatives that are effective, low-risk, and cost-effective. Maize-legume intercropping systems are known to have multiple benefits to agroecosystem functioning, including pest regulation. This review focuses on the influence of maize-legume intercropping systems on insect diversity and abundance as a mechanism for insect pest regulation in maize crops. First, this review combines knowledge of maize-legume intercrops, with a particular emphasis on the mechanism by which this practice attracts beneficial insects (e.g., predators, parasitoids) to reduce pest damage in intercropping systems. In addition, the pairings of specific legume species with the greatest potential to attract more beneficial insects and therefore reduce maize pests are also discussed. Finally, future research needs are also recommended. Findings are reviewed in the context of looking for long-term management strategies that can increase the adoption of integrated pest management programs in maize-based production systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Fils Pierre
- Research Division, International Fertilizer Development Center, Muscle Shoals, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Krista L. Jacobsen
- Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Luis Latournerie-Moreno
- Division of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Tecnológico Nacional de México—Campus Conkal, Conkal, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Walther J. Torres-Cab
- Division of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Tecnológico Nacional de México—Campus Conkal, Conkal, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Chan-Canché
- Division of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Tecnológico Nacional de México—Campus Conkal, Conkal, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Esau Ruiz-Sánchez
- Division of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Tecnológico Nacional de México—Campus Conkal, Conkal, Yucatan, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang L, Liu Y, Dou L, Pan S, Li Z, Zhang J, Li J. Mutualist- and antagonist-mediated selection contribute to trait diversification of flowers. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14107. [PMID: 36196403 PMCID: PMC9527018 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Flowers are generally short-lived, and they all face a multidimensional challenge because they have to attract mutualists, compel them to vector pollen with minimal investment in rewards, and repel floral enemies during this short time window. Their displays are under complex selection, either consistent or conflicting, to maximize reproductive fitness under heterogeneous environments. The phenological or morphological mismatches between flowers and visitors will influence interspecific competition, resource access, mating success and, ultimately, population and community dynamics. To better understand the effects of the plant visitors on floral traits, it is necessary to determine the functional significance of specific floral traits for the visitors; how plants respond to both mutualists and antagonists through adaptive changes; and to evaluate the net fitness effects of biological mutualisms and antagonism on plants. In this review, we bring together insights from fields as diverse as floral biology, insect behavioral responses, and evolutionary biology to explain the processes and patterns of floral diversity evolution. Then, we discuss the ecological significance of plant responses to mutualists and antagonists from a community perspective, and propose a set of research questions that can guide the research field to integrate studies of plant defense and reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Huang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Liwen Dou
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shaobin Pan
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | | | - Jin Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jia Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ndakidemi BJ, Mbega ER, Ndakidemi PA, Belmain SR, Arnold SEJ, Woolley VC, Stevenson PC. Field Margin Plants Support Natural Enemies in Sub-Saharan Africa Smallholder Common Bean Farming Systems. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:898. [PMID: 35406877 PMCID: PMC9002875 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flower-rich field margins provide habitats and food resources for natural enemies of pests (NEs), but their potential, particularly in the tropics and on smallholder farms, is poorly understood. We surveyed field margins for plant-NE interactions in bean fields. NEs most often interacted with Bidens pilosa (15.4% of all interactions) and Euphorbia heterophylla (11.3% of all interactions). In cage trials with an aphid-infested bean plant and a single flowering margin plant, the survival of Aphidius colemani, the most abundant parasitoid NE in bean fields, was greater in the presence of Euphorbia heterophylla than Bidens pilosa, Tagetes minuta, and Hyptis suaveolens. UV-fluorescent dye was applied to flowers of specific field margin plant species and NE sampled from within the bean crop and field margins using sweep-netting and pan-traps respectively. Captured insects were examined for the presence of the dye, indicative of a prior visit to the margin. Lady beetles and assassin bugs were most abundant in plots with B. pilosa margins; hoverflies with T. minuta and Parthenium hysterophorus margins; and lacewings with T. minuta and B. pilosa margins. Overall, NE benefitted from field margin plants, and those possessing extra floral nectaries had an added advantage. Field margin plants need careful selection to ensure benefits to different NE groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baltazar J. Ndakidemi
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Arusha P.O. Box 447, Tanzania; (E.R.M.); (P.A.N.); (S.E.J.A.)
| | - Ernest R. Mbega
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Arusha P.O. Box 447, Tanzania; (E.R.M.); (P.A.N.); (S.E.J.A.)
| | - Patrick A. Ndakidemi
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Arusha P.O. Box 447, Tanzania; (E.R.M.); (P.A.N.); (S.E.J.A.)
| | - Steven R. Belmain
- Agriculture, Health and Environment Department, Faculty of Engineering & Science, Natural Resources Institute, Medway Campus, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; (S.R.B.); (V.C.W.); (P.C.S.)
| | - Sarah E. J. Arnold
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Arusha P.O. Box 447, Tanzania; (E.R.M.); (P.A.N.); (S.E.J.A.)
- Agriculture, Health and Environment Department, Faculty of Engineering & Science, Natural Resources Institute, Medway Campus, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; (S.R.B.); (V.C.W.); (P.C.S.)
| | - Victoria C. Woolley
- Agriculture, Health and Environment Department, Faculty of Engineering & Science, Natural Resources Institute, Medway Campus, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; (S.R.B.); (V.C.W.); (P.C.S.)
| | - Philip C. Stevenson
- Agriculture, Health and Environment Department, Faculty of Engineering & Science, Natural Resources Institute, Medway Campus, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; (S.R.B.); (V.C.W.); (P.C.S.)
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rusman Q, Hooiveld‐Knoppers S, Dijksterhuis M, Bloem J, Reichelt M, Dicke M, Poelman EH. Flowers prepare thyselves: leaf and root herbivores induce specific changes in floral phytochemistry with consequences for plant interactions with florivores. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:2548-2560. [PMID: 34953172 PMCID: PMC9305281 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The phenotypic plasticity of flowering plants in response to herbivore damage to vegetative tissues can affect plant interactions with flower-feeding organisms. Such induced systemic responses are probably regulated by defence-related phytohormones that signal flowers to alter secondary chemistry that affects resistance to florivores. Current knowledge on the effects of damage to vegetative tissues on plant interactions with florivores and the underlying mechanisms is limited. We compared the preference and performance of two florivores on flowering Brassica nigra plants damaged by one of three herbivores feeding from roots or leaves. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, we quantified expression patterns of marker genes for defence-related phytohormonal pathways, and concentrations of phytohormones and glucosinolates in buds and flowers. Florivores displayed contrasting preferences for plants damaged by herbivores feeding on roots and leaves. Chewing florivores performed better on plants damaged by folivores, but worse on plants damaged by the root herbivore. Chewing root and foliar herbivory led to specific induced changes in the phytohormone profile of buds and flowers. This resulted in increased glucosinolate concentrations for leaf-damaged plants, and decreased glucosinolate concentrations for root-damaged plants. The outcome of herbivore-herbivore interactions spanning from vegetative tissues to floral tissues is unique for the inducing root/leaf herbivore and receiving florivore combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quint Rusman
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen University & ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 1Wageningen6708PBthe Netherlands
- Present address:
Department of Systematic and Evolutionary BotanyUniversity of ZürichZollikerstrasse 1078008ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Sanne Hooiveld‐Knoppers
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen University & ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 1Wageningen6708PBthe Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Dijksterhuis
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen University & ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 1Wageningen6708PBthe Netherlands
| | - Janneke Bloem
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen University & ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 1Wageningen6708PBthe Netherlands
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of BiochemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyHans‐Knöll‐Strasse 807745JenaGermany
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen University & ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 1Wageningen6708PBthe Netherlands
| | - Erik H. Poelman
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen University & ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 1Wageningen6708PBthe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li J, Hu H, Chen Y, Xie J, Li J, Zeng T, Wang M, Luo J, Zheng R, Jongsma MA, Wang C. Tissue specificity of (E)-β-farnesene and germacrene D accumulation in pyrethrum flowers. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 187:112768. [PMID: 33932787 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant defensive mimicry based on the aphid alarm pheromone (E)-β-farnesene (EβF) was previously shown to operate in Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Asteraceae) flowers. Germacrene D (GD), is another dominant volatile of T. cinerariifolium flowers and may modulate both defense and pollination. Here, we find that the increase in GD/EβF ratio at later developmental stages is correlated with the tissue distribution in the flower head: the total content of EβF and GD is similar, but GD accumulates comparatively more in the upper disk florets. Naphthol and N, N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (NADI)-stained purple ducts containing EβF and GD, were observed in the five petal lips of the corolla and two-lobed stigma of disk florets. By contrast in the peduncle, EβF accounts for nearly 80% of total terpenes, compared to 5% for GD. EβF is accumulated inside inner cortex cells and parenchyma cells of the pith in young peduncle. This is followed by the formation of terpene-filled axial secretory cavities parallel to the vascular bundles. In conclusion, the observed developmental and diurnal emissions of different EβF/GD ratios appear to be regulated by their tissue distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tuo Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Manqun Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Riru Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Maarten A Jongsma
- Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708, PB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Caiyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Multiple Attack to Inflorescences of an Annual Plant Does Not Interfere with the Attraction of Parasitoids and Pollinators. J Chem Ecol 2021; 47:175-191. [PMID: 33507456 PMCID: PMC7904547 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-020-01239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Plants in the flowering stage need to ensure reproduction by protecting themselves from attack and by preserving interactions with mutualist pollinators. When different plant mutualists are using the same type of cues, such as volatile compounds, attraction of parasitoids and pollinators may trade off. To explore this, we compared volatile emission of Brassica nigra plants in response to single or dual attack on their inflorescences. Additionally, we recorded flower visitation by pollinators and the attraction of parasitoids in the greenhouse and/or field. Brassica nigra were exposed in the flowering stage to one or two of the following three attackers: Brevicoryne brassicae aphids, Pieris brassicae caterpillars, and Xanthomonas campestris pv. raphani bacteria. We found that single attack by caterpillars, and dual attack by caterpillars plus aphids, induced the strongest changes in plant volatile emission. The caterpillars’ parasitoid C. glomerata did not exhibit preference for plants exposed to caterpillars only vs. plants exposed to caterpillars plus aphids or plus bacteria. However, the composition of the pollinator community associated with flowers of B. nigra was affected by plant exposure to the attackers, but the total number of pollinators visiting the plants did not change upon attack. We conclude that, when B. nigra were exposed to single or dual attack on their inflorescences, the plants maintained interactions with natural enemies of the insect attackers and with pollinators. We discuss how chemical diversity may contribute to plant resilience upon attack.
Collapse
|
9
|
Srinivasan R, Tamò M, Malini P. Emergence of Maruca vitrata as a Major Pest of Food Legumes and Evolution of Management Practices in Asia and Africa. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 66:141-161. [PMID: 33417822 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-021220-084539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata, has emerged as a major pest on food legumes in Asia and Africa. It is an oligophagous pest, feeding on over 70 species in Fabaceae. We examine the species complex in Asia, Africa, Oceania, and the Americas, with an emphasis on molecular taxonomy. Studies on pheromone production and perception suggest the existence of pheromone polymorphism, especially in Asia and Africa. No Maruca-resistant varieties are available in the major food legumes including cowpea, pigeonpea, mungbean, and yard-long bean. Legume growers use chemical pesticides indiscriminately, leading to the development of pesticide resistance. However recent developments in habitat management, classical biocontrol with more efficient parasitoids, biopesticides, and judicious use of insecticides pave the way for sustainable management of M. vitrata, which can reduce the pesticide misuse. Active engagement of the private sector and policy makers can increase the adoption of integrated pest management approaches in food legumes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Srinivasan
- Safe and Sustainable Value Chains Flagship Program, World Vegetable Center, Tainan 74151, Taiwan;
| | - Manuele Tamò
- Benin Research Station, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Cotonou, Benin;
| | - Periasamy Malini
- Biotechnology and Molecular Breeding, World Vegetable Center, Tainan 74151, Taiwan;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
How Effective Is Conservation Biological Control in Regulating Insect Pest Populations in Organic Crop Production Systems? INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11110744. [PMID: 33138249 PMCID: PMC7692856 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Organic crop production systems typically rely on conservation biological control to increase and sustain natural enemies including parasitoids and predators that will regulate insect pest populations below damaging levels. The use of flowering plants or floral resources to attract and retain natural enemies in organic crop production systems has not been consistent, based on the scientific literature, and most importantly, many studies do not correlate an increase in natural enemies with a reduction in plant damage. This may be associated with the effects of intraguild predation or the negative effects that can occur when multiple natural enemies are present in an ecosystem. Consequently, although incorporating flowering plants into organic crop production systems may increase the natural enemy assemblages, more robust scientific studies are warranted to determine the actual effects of natural enemies in reducing plant damage associated with insect pest populations. Abstract Organic crop production systems are designed to enhance or preserve the presence of natural enemies, including parasitoids and predators, by means of conservation biological control, which involves providing environments and habitats that sustain natural enemy assemblages. Conservation biological control can be accomplished by providing flowering plants (floral resources) that will attract and retain natural enemies. Natural enemies, in turn, will regulate existing insect pest populations to levels that minimize plant damage. However, evidence is not consistent, based on the scientific literature, that providing natural enemies with flowering plants will result in an abundance of natural enemies sufficient to regulate insect pest populations below economically damaging levels. The reason that conservation biological control has not been found to sufficiently regulate insect pest populations in organic crop production systems across the scientific literature is associated with complex interactions related to intraguild predation, the emission of plant volatiles, weed diversity, and climate and ecosystem resources across locations where studies have been conducted.
Collapse
|
11
|
Hussain M, Gao J, Bano S, Wang L, Lin Y, Arthurs S, Qasim M, Mao R. Diamondback Moth Larvae Trigger Host Plant Volatiles that Lure Its Adult Females for Oviposition. INSECTS 2020; 11:E725. [PMID: 33114044 PMCID: PMC7690744 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The diamondback moth (DBM) is a destructive pest of crucifer crops. In this study, DBM larvae shown to herbivore induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) that were attractive to adult females exposed in a Y-tube olfactometer. Our results showed that olfactory responses of adult females to HIPVs induced by third instar larvae feeding on Barbarea vulgaris were significantly higher (20.40 ± 1.78; mean moths (%) ± SD) than those induced by first instar larvae (14.80 ± 1.86; mean moths (%) ± SD). Meanwhile, a significant concentration of Sulphur-containing isothiocyanate, 3-methylsulfinylpropyl isothiocyanate, and 4-methylsulfinyl-3-butenyl isothiocyanate were detected in HIPVs released by third instar larvae compared to those released by first instar larvae while feeding on B. vulgaris. When the DBM females were exposed to synthetic chemicals, singly and in blend form, a similar response was observed as to natural HIPVs. Our study demonstrated that the relationship between isothiocyanates acting as plant defense compounds, host plant cues emission and regulation of the DBM adult female behavior due to key volatile triggered by the DBM larvae feeding on B. vulgaris.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mubasher Hussain
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral oil pesticides, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510260, China;
| | - Jing Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral oil pesticides, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510260, China;
| | - Summyya Bano
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral oil pesticides, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510260, China;
| | - Liande Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education (MoE), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yongwen Lin
- Zhangzhou Institute of Technology, Zhangzhou 363000, China;
| | | | - Muhammad Qasim
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF), Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan;
| | - Runqian Mao
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Identification of Semiochemicals from Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata, for Low-input Management of the Legume Pod Borer, Maruca vitrata. J Chem Ecol 2020; 46:288-298. [PMID: 31953705 PMCID: PMC7142049 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-020-01149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. (Fabaceae), is one of the most important food legumes grown on the African continent, as it provides an affordable source of dietary protein. Yields of cowpea are significantly reduced through damage by legume pod-borer, Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), caterpillars to flowers, tender leaves and pods. Semiochemical-based strategies are considered as environmentally benign and affordable for pest management, particularly on smallholder farms. In this study, we investigated the importance of cowpea flower volatiles as host location cues for egg-laying M. vitrata, and herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) as M. vitrata repellents and natural enemy (Apanteles taragamae and Phanerotoma syleptae parasitoid) attractants. In oviposition choice assays, M. vitrata laid more eggs on flowering cowpea plants than non-flowering plants. Coupled gas chromatography-electrophysiology (GC-EAG) analysis using the antennae of female M. vitrata and an extract of flower volatiles collected by dynamic headspace collection revealed the presence of five EAG-active components that were identified by coupled GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis as benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, acetophenone, a vinylbenzaldehyde isomer and (E)-cinnamaldehyde. A synthetic blend of the identified compounds, prepared using 3-vinylbenzaldehyde, induced M. vitrata to lay as many eggs on non-flowering cowpea as on flowering plants. The moths also preferred laying eggs on intact plants compared to M. vitrata-infested plants. As the emission of EAG-active floral compounds was determined to be lower in the headspace of infested cowpea flowers, the role of HIPVs emitted by M. vitrata-damaged leaves was also investigated. Of the compounds induced by larval damage, (E)-DMNT, indole, n-hexyl acetate, 1-octen-3-ol and linalool were shown by GC-EAG to possess electrophysiological activity. A synthetic blend of the EAG-active compounds, using racemic 1-octen-3-ol and linalool, significantly reduced egg numbers on flowering cowpea. Larval and egg parasitoids, i.e. A. taragamae and Ph. syleptae, respectively, of M. vitrata both preferred the Y-tube olfactometer arm treated with synthetic (E)-DMNT, whereas preference for racemic linalool and (E)-nerolidol was dose-dependent in A. taragamae. Our results provide the platform for the development of future semiochemical-based pest management strategies against M. vitrata on smallholder farms in West Africa.
Collapse
|
13
|
Rusman Q, Lucas-Barbosa D, Poelman EH, Dicke M. Ecology of Plastic Flowers. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:725-740. [PMID: 31204246 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant phenotypic plasticity in response to herbivore attack includes changes in flower traits. Such herbivore-induced changes in flower traits have consequences for interactions with flower visitors. We synthesize here current knowledge on the specificity of herbivore-induced changes in flower traits, the underlying molecular mechanisms, and the ecological consequences for flower-associated communities. Herbivore-induced changes in flower traits seem to be largely herbivore species-specific. The extensive plasticity observed in flowers influences a highly connected web of interactions within the flower-associated community. We argue that the adaptive value of herbivore-induced plant responses and flower plasticity can be fully understood only from a community perspective rather than from pairwise interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quint Rusman
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Dani Lucas-Barbosa
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H Poelman
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li J, Hu H, Mao J, Yu L, Stoopen G, Wang M, Mumm R, de Ruijter NCA, Dicke M, Jongsma MA, Wang C. Defense of pyrethrum flowers: repelling herbivores and recruiting carnivores by producing aphid alarm pheromone. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:1607-1620. [PMID: 31087371 PMCID: PMC6772172 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
(E)-β-Farnesene (EβF) is the predominant constituent of the alarm pheromone of most aphid pest species. Moreover, natural enemies of aphids use EβF to locate their aphid prey. Some plant species emit EβF, potentially as a defense against aphids, but field demonstrations are lacking. Here, we present field and laboratory studies of flower defense showing that ladybird beetles are predominantly attracted to young stage-2 pyrethrum flowers that emitted the highest and purest levels of EβF. By contrast, aphids were repelled by EβF emitted by S2 pyrethrum flowers. Although peach aphids can adapt to pyrethrum plants in the laboratory, aphids were not recorded in the field. Pyrethrum's (E)-β-farnesene synthase (EbFS) gene is strongly expressed in inner cortex tissue surrounding the vascular system of the aphid-preferred flower receptacle and peduncle, leading to elongated cells filled with EβF. Aphids that probe these tissues during settlement encounter and ingest plant EβF, as evidenced by the release in honeydew. These EβF concentrations in honeydew induce aphid alarm responses, suggesting an extra layer of this defense. Collectively, our data elucidate a defensive mimicry in pyrethrum flowers: the developmentally regulated and tissue-specific EβF accumulation and emission both prevents attack by aphids and recruits aphid predators as bodyguards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMinistry of EducationHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
- Business Unit BioscienceWageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Hao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMinistry of EducationHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
- Business Unit BioscienceWageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Jing Mao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMinistry of EducationHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
- Wuhan Forestry and Fruit Tree Research InstituteWuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and TechnologyWuhan430070China
| | - Lu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMinistry of EducationHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Geert Stoopen
- Business Unit BioscienceWageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Manqun Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key LaboratoryCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Roland Mumm
- Business Unit BioscienceWageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Norbert C. A. de Ruijter
- Laboratory of Cell BiologyWageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Maarten A. Jongsma
- Business Unit BioscienceWageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Caiyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMinistry of EducationHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Aboubakar Souna D, Bokonon-Ganta AH, Dannon EA, Imorou N, Agui B, Cusumano A, Srinivasan R, Pittendrigh BR, Volkoff AN, Tamò M. Volatiles from Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) host plants influence olfactory responses of the parasitoid Therophilus javanus (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Agathidinae). BIOLOGICAL CONTROL : THEORY AND APPLICATIONS IN PEST MANAGEMENT 2019; 130:104-109. [PMID: 30828225 PMCID: PMC6365886 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants damaged by herbivores are known to release odors attracting parasitoids. However, there is currently no information how leguminous plants damaged by the pod borer Maruca vitrata attract the exotic larval parasitoid Therophilus javanus, which was imported into Benin from the putative area of origin of the pod borer in tropical Asia for assessing its potential as a biological control agent. In this study, we used Y-tube olfactometer bioassays to investigate T. javanus response towards odors emitted by four M. vitrata-damaged host plants: cowpea Vigna unguiculata, the most important cultivated host, and the naturally occurring legumes Lonchocarpus sericeus, Sesbania rostrata and Tephrosia platycarpa. Olfactory attraction of T. javanus was influenced by the species of plant damaged by the pod borer. Moreover, odors released from M. vitrata-infested host plant organs (flowers and pods) were discriminated over non-infested organs in cowpea and T. platycarpa, respectively. These results are discussed in the context of the possible impact of M. vitrata host plants on T. javanus foraging activity and subsequent establishment in natural environments following experimental releases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Djibril Aboubakar Souna
- UMR DGIMI 1333 INRA, UM, Case Courrier 101, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34 095 Montpellier, France
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Benin Research Station (IITA-Benin), 08 BP 0932 Tri Postal, Cotonou, Benin
- Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences (FSA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 03 BP 2819 Cotonou, Benin
| | - Aimé Hippolyte Bokonon-Ganta
- Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences (FSA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 03 BP 2819 Cotonou, Benin
| | - Elie Ayitondji Dannon
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Benin Research Station (IITA-Benin), 08 BP 0932 Tri Postal, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Nazyhatou Imorou
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Benin Research Station (IITA-Benin), 08 BP 0932 Tri Postal, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Benjamin Agui
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Benin Research Station (IITA-Benin), 08 BP 0932 Tri Postal, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Antonino Cusumano
- UMR DGIMI 1333 INRA, UM, Case Courrier 101, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34 095 Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Anne-Nathalie Volkoff
- UMR DGIMI 1333 INRA, UM, Case Courrier 101, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34 095 Montpellier, France
| | - Manuele Tamò
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Benin Research Station (IITA-Benin), 08 BP 0932 Tri Postal, Cotonou, Benin
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sanou A, Traoré F, Ba MN, Dabiré-Binso CL, Pittendrigh BR, Sanon A. Effects of Volatiles from Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stål. (Hemiptera: Coreidae) Adults on the Host Location Behavior of the Egg Parasitoid Gryon fulviventre (Crawford) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 11:1179543318825250. [PMID: 30728729 PMCID: PMC6351711 DOI: 10.1177/1179543318825250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The egg parasitoid Gryon fulviventre is a potential biological control agent of Clavigralla tomentosicollis, a coreid pod-sucking pest of Vigna unguiculata. The host location behavior of naive parasitoid females was studied using a four-armed olfactometer. Two strains of G. fulviventre parasitoids from Burkina Faso and Benin were exposed to odors provided by healthy and infested pods as well as C. tomentosicollis females and males. The time spent in each odor zone was recorded to determine the preference of parasitoid females. Results show that odors from healthy pods, infested pods, and pest females did not attract the parasitoid. However, a significantly attractive response of both strains of G. fulviventre was recorded in the presence of volatiles from males of C. tomentosicollis. Moreover, experiments testing G. fulviventre females' behavior when simultaneously exposed to volatiles from cowpea pods (healthy and infested) and increasing numbers of C. tomentosicollis males revealed a significantly higher attraction of parasitoid females of both strains by volatiles from ten males of C. tomentosicollis. The results suggest that the males of the insect pest emit a pheromone used as kairomone by parasitoids to locate their host. The conditions determining this attractiveness at field level and its impact on host-searching efficiency are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Apolline Sanou
- Laboratoire Central d’Entomologie Agricole de Kamboinsé, Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Laboratoire d’Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, UFR/SVT, Université Ouaga I Pr Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Fousséni Traoré
- Laboratoire Central d’Entomologie Agricole de Kamboinsé, Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Malick Niango Ba
- Laboratoire Central d’Entomologie Agricole de Kamboinsé, Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- West and Central Africa Research Program.International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Niamey, Niger
| | - Clémentine L Dabiré-Binso
- Laboratoire Central d’Entomologie Agricole de Kamboinsé, Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Antoine Sanon
- Laboratoire d’Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, UFR/SVT, Université Ouaga I Pr Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lin Y, Lin S, Akutse KS, Hussain M, Wang L. Diaphorina citri Induces Huanglongbing-Infected Citrus Plant Volatiles to Repel and Reduce the Performance of Propylaea japonica. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1969. [PMID: 28083006 PMCID: PMC5183590 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Transmission of plant pathogens through insect vectors is a complex biological process involving interactions between the host plants, insects, and pathogens. Simultaneous impact of the insect damage and pathogenic bacteria in infected host plants induce volatiles that modify not only the behavior of its insect vector but also of their natural enemies, such as parasitoid wasps. Therefore, it is essential to understand how insects such as the predator ladybird beetle responds to volatiles emitted from a host plant and how the disease transmission alters the interactions between predators, vector, pathogens, and plants. In this study, we investigated the response of Propylaea japonica to volatiles from citrus plants damaged by Diaphorina citri and Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus through olfactometer bioassays. Synthetic chemical blends were also used to determine the active compounds in the plant volatile. The results showed that volatiles emitted by healthy plants attracted more P. japonica than other treatments, due to the presence of high quantities of D-limonene and beta-ocimene, and the lack of methyl salicylate. When using synthetic chemicals in the olfactory tests, we found that D-limonene attracted P. japonica while methyl salicylate repelled the predator. However, beta-ocimene attracted the insects at lower concentrations but repelled them at higher concentrations. These results indicate that P. japonica could not efficiently search for its host by using volatile cues emitted from psyllids- and Las bacteria-infected citrus plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongwen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of EducationFuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of AgricultureChina, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of AgricultureChina, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Komivi S. Akutse
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of AgricultureChina, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Mubasher Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of EducationFuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of AgricultureChina, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liande Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of EducationFuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of AgricultureChina, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lucas‐Barbosa D, Dicke M, Kranenburg T, Aartsma Y, Beek TA, Huigens ME, Loon JJA. Endure and call for help: strategies of black mustard plants to deal with a specialized caterpillar. Funct Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dani Lucas‐Barbosa
- Laboratory of Entomology Wageningen University, PO Box 16 Wageningen AA 6700 The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology Wageningen University, PO Box 16 Wageningen AA 6700 The Netherlands
| | - Twan Kranenburg
- Laboratory of Entomology Wageningen University, PO Box 16 Wageningen AA 6700 The Netherlands
| | - Yavanna Aartsma
- Laboratory of Entomology Wageningen University, PO Box 16 Wageningen AA 6700 The Netherlands
| | - Teris A. Beek
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Wageningen University PO Box 8026 Wageningen 6700 EH The Netherlands
| | - Martinus E. Huigens
- Dutch Butterfly Conservation Mennonietenweg 10 Wageningen 6702 AD The Netherlands
| | - Joop J. A. Loon
- Laboratory of Entomology Wageningen University, PO Box 16 Wageningen AA 6700 The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lucas-Barbosa D. Integrating Studies on Plant-Pollinator and Plant-Herbivore Interactions. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:125-133. [PMID: 26598297 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Research on herbivore-induced plant defence and research on pollination ecology have had a long history of separation. Plant reproduction of most angiosperm species is mediated by pollinators, and the effects of herbivore-induced plant defences on pollinator behaviour have been largely neglected. Moreover, there is expected to be a trade-off between plant reproductive strategies and defence mechanisms. To investigate this trade-off, it is essential to study herbivore-induced plant resistance and allocation of resources by plants, within the same system, and to test if indirect plant resistance can conflict with pollinator attraction. Here, I review the key literature highlighting connection between plant defence and reproduction, and propose to exploit natural variation among plant species to assess the ecological costs of plant responses to herbivores and pollinators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dani Lucas-Barbosa
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, AA 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhou J, Zhang N, Wang P, Zhang S, Li D, Liu K, Wang G, Wang X, Ai H. Identification of Host-Plant Volatiles and Characterization of Two Novel General Odorant-Binding Proteins from the Legume Pod Borer, Maruca vitrata Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141208. [PMID: 26517714 PMCID: PMC4627759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoreception is a key feature in selection of host plant by phytophagous insects, and odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are involved in chemical communication of both insects and vertebrates. The legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is one of the key pest species of cowpea and widely distributed throughout tropical and subtropical regions, causing up to 80% of yield loss. In this study, we investigated the electrophysiological responses of female M. vitrata to floral volatiles from V. unguiculata. Seventeen electroantennogram-active compounds were identified from floral volatiles of V. unguiculata by coupled gas chromatography-electroantennography (GC-EAD) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Then, we cloned two novel full-length GOBP genes (MvitGOBP1 and MvitGOBP2) from the antennae of M. vitrata using reverse transcription PCR. Protein sequence analysis indicated that they shared high sequence similarity with other Pyralididae insect GOBPs and had the typical six-cysteine signature. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that MvitGOBP1-2 mRNA was highly expressed in the antennae of female adult with several thousands-fold difference compare to other tissue. Next, the recombinant MvitGOBP1-2 was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using Ni ion affinity chromatography. Fluorescence binding assays demonstrated that MvitGOBP1-2 had different binding affinities with 17 volatile odorant molecules including butanoic acid butyl ester, limonene, 4-ethylpropiophenone, 1H-indol-4-ol, butanoic acid octyl ester and 2-methyl-3-phenylpropanal. In the field trapping experiment, these six floral volatiles could effectively attract female moths and showed significant difference compared with the blank lure. These results suggested that MvitGOBPs and the seventeen floral volatiles are likely to function in the olfactory behavior response of female moths, which may have played crucial roles in the selection of oviposition sites. The six compounds that we have identified from the volatiles of V. unguiculata may provide useful information for exploring efficiency monitoring and integrated pest management strategies of this legume pod borer in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Utilization & Sustainable Pest Management of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shichang Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Daiqin Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Kaiyu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Guoxiu Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Utilization & Sustainable Pest Management of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hui Ai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shruthi Sureshan C, Habeeb SKM. Identification and conformational analysis of putative microRNAs in Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Appl Transl Genom 2015; 7:2-12. [PMID: 27054079 PMCID: PMC4803788 DOI: 10.1016/j.atg.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small RNAs, evolutionarily conserved endogenous non-coding RNAs that regulate their target mRNA expression by either inactivating or degrading mRNA genes; thus playing an important role in the growth and development of an organism. Maruca vitrata is an insect pest of leguminous plants like pigeon pea, cowpea and mung bean and is pantropical. In this study, we perform BLAST on all known miRNAs against the transcriptome data of M. vitrata and thirteen miRNAs were identified. These miRNAs were characterised and their target genes were identified using TargetScan and were functionally annotated using FlyBase. The importance of the structure of pre-miRNA in the Drosha activity led to study the backbone torsion angles of predicted pre-miRNAs (mvi-miR-9751, mvi-miR-649-3p, mvi-miR-4057 and mvi-miR-1271) to identify various nucleotide triplets that contribute to the variation of torsion angle values at various structural motifs of a pre-miRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Shruthi Sureshan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S K M Habeeb
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Desurmont GA, Laplanche D, Schiestl FP, Turlings TCJ. Floral volatiles interfere with plant attraction of parasitoids: ontogeny-dependent infochemical dynamics in Brassica rapa. BMC Ecol 2015; 15:17. [PMID: 26031290 PMCID: PMC4467598 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-015-0047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of plant ontogeny on investment in direct defense against herbivores is well accepted, but the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive stage can also affect indirect resistance traits (i.e. attraction of the natural enemies of plant attackers). Here, we conducted behavioral bioassays in olfactometers to determine whether the developmental stage (vegetative, pre-flowering, and flowering) of Brassica rapa plants affects attraction of Cotesia glomerata, a parasitoid of the herbivore Pieris brassicae, and examined the blends of volatile compounds emitted by plants at each developmental stage. RESULTS Pieris-infested plants were always more attractive to parasitoids than control plants and plants infested by a non-host herbivore, independently of plant developmental stage. On the other hand, the relative attractiveness of Pieris-infested plants was ontogeny dependent: Pieris-infested plants were more attractive at the pre-flowering stage than at the vegetative stage, and more attractive at the vegetative stage than at the flowering stage. Chemical analyses revealed that the induction of leaf volatiles after herbivory is strongly reduced in flowering plants. The addition of synthetic floral volatiles to infested vegetative plants decreased their attractiveness to parasitoids, suggesting a trade-off between signaling to pollinators and parasitoids. CONCLUSION Our results show that putative indirect resistance traits are affected by plant development, and are reduced during B. rapa reproductive stage. The effects of ontogenetic shifts in resource allocation on the behavior of members of the third trophic level may have important implications for the evolution of plant defense strategies against herbivores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaylord A Desurmont
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Diane Laplanche
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Florian P Schiestl
- Institute of Systematic Botany, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Ted C J Turlings
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
This work is an update of a recently published review and is consistently referred to this article and recent findings about plants’ indirect defense are added on. Herbivore induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) and their effects on the third trophic level that involves predators and parasitoids are discussed. The fact that plants are not passive individuals is confirmed on the basis of several studies. Plants can perceive and respond to cues in their environments with plastic morphological, physiological and behavioral traits. Plasticity allows plants to tailor their defenses to their current and expected risks caused by herbivores. The “cry for help” of plants is also observed from the carnivores’ point of view. The volatile mixture contains crucial information for decisions of carnivorous insects. Furthermore, the most important methods to examine the behavioral response of carnivorous insects to HIPVs are presented not only in laboratory set ups but also in the field. Manipulations of plants by silencing genes or over-expressing genes can help to understand mechanisms of indirect defense. Various interesting examples of indirect defense reveal the possibility to use HIPVs in biological control. Therefore, the application of synthetic pesticides, that pollute the environment, may be reduced in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Zitzelsberger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center of Pharmacy, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Buchbauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center of Pharmacy, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Girón-Calva PS, Li T, Koski TM, Klemola T, Laaksonen T, Huttunen L, Blande JD. A role for volatiles in intra- and inter-plant interactions in birch. J Chem Ecol 2014; 40:1203-11. [PMID: 25352241 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-014-0514-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
One of the first observations that plants might utilize cues released by damaged neighbors under natural conditions was made in birch forests in 1985. However, the mechanisms underlying the observations were not determined, and birch (Betula spp.) has been neglected as a study system for inter-plant interaction ever since. Volatiles released by vegetative plant parts in response to herbivore damage play important roles as signals in plant-to-plant interactions in a range of woody and herbaceous plant species, and also have been shown to mediate signaling between branches of the same plant that have limited vascular connection. We established greenhouse experiments to assess: 1) whether exposure to plant volatiles from herbivore-damaged birches primes defense responses in undamaged neighbors; and 2) whether defenses also are primed in undamaged parts of the same plants with limited vascular connection. We observed a priming of defense responses, which were manifested in an augmented emission of terpenes and aromatic compounds in undamaged conspecific neighbors, and also an augmented emission of green leaf volatiles in systemic branches. Our work provides strong evidence of inter-plant signaling by volatiles, and an intra-plant systemic response in birch. However, the responses are specific, with emissions of different groups of plant volatiles typifying the primed response. This work complements and extends the previous work conducted with a natural population of birches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Sarai Girón-Calva
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Schiestl FP, Kirk H, Bigler L, Cozzolino S, Desurmont GA. Herbivory and floral signaling: phenotypic plasticity and tradeoffs between reproduction and indirect defense. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 203:257-266. [PMID: 24684288 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant defense against herbivores may compromise attraction of mutualists, yet information remains limited about the mechanisms underlying such signaling tradeoffs. Here, we investigated the effects of foliar herbivory by two herbivore species on defense compounds, floral signaling, pollinator and parasitoid attraction, and seed production. Herbivory generally reduced the quantity of many floral volatile organic compounds VOCs) in Brassica rapa. By contrast, floral color, flower diameter, and plant height remained unaffected. The decreased amounts of floral volatiles led to reduced attractiveness of flowers to pollinators, but increased the attractiveness of herbivore-infested plants to parasitoids. Plants infested with the native butterfly Pieris brassicae produced more flowers during early flowering, effectively compensating for the lower olfactory attractiveness. Herbivory by the invasive Spodoptera littoralis increased the amounts of glucobrassicanapin, and led to delayed flowering. These plants tended to attract fewer pollinators and to produce fewer seeds. Our study indicates a tradeoff between pollinator attraction and indirect defense (parasitoid attraction), which can be mitigated by reduced floral VOC emission and production of more early flowers. We suggest that this compensatory mechanism is specific to plant-herbivore associations with a coevolutionary history.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian P Schiestl
- Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lucas-Barbosa D, Poelman EH, Aartsma Y, Snoeren TAL, van Loon JJA, Dicke M. Caught between parasitoids and predators - survival of a specialist herbivore on leaves and flowers of mustard plants. J Chem Ecol 2014; 40:621-31. [PMID: 24888744 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-014-0454-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The survival of insect herbivores typically is constrained by food choice and predation risk. Here, we explored whether movement from leaves to flowers increases survival of herbivores that prefer to feed on floral tissues. Combining field and greenhouse experiments, we investigated whether flowering influences the behavior of Pieris brassicae butterflies and caterpillars and, consequently, herbivore survival in the field. In this context, we investigated also if flowers of Brassica nigra can provide caterpillars refuge from the specialist parasitoid Cotesia glomerata and from predatory social wasps. By moving to flowers, caterpillars escaped from the parasitoid. Flowers are nutritionally superior when compared with leaves, and caterpillars develop faster when feeding on flowers. However, late-stage caterpillars can be preyed upon intensively by social wasps, irrespective of whether they feed on leaves or flowers. We conclude that flower preference by P. brassicae is more likely driven by nutritional advantages and reduced parasitism on flowers, than by risks of being killed by generalist predators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dani Lucas-Barbosa
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lucas-Barbosa D, van Loon JJA, Gols R, van Beek TA, Dicke M. Reproductive escape: annual plant responds to butterfly eggs by accelerating seed production. Funct Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dani Lucas-Barbosa
- Laboratory of Entomology; Wageningen University; Wageningen; The Netherlands
| | - Joop J. A. van Loon
- Laboratory of Entomology; Wageningen University; Wageningen; The Netherlands
| | - Rieta Gols
- Laboratory of Entomology; Wageningen University; Wageningen; The Netherlands
| | - Teris A. van Beek
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Wageningen University; Wageningen; The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology; Wageningen University; Wageningen; The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Agunbiade TA, Coates BS, Kim KS, Forgacs D, Margam VM, Murdock LL, Ba MN, Binso-Dabire CL, Baoua I, Ishiyaku MF, Tamò M, Pittendrigh BR. The spatial genetic differentiation of the legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata F. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) populations in West Africa. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2012; 102:589-599. [PMID: 22717014 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485312000156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata, is an endemic insect pest that causes significant yield loss to the cowpea crop in West Africa. The application of population genetic tools is important in the management of insect pests but such data on M. vitrata is lacking. We applied a set of six microsatellite markers to assess the population structure of M. vitrata collected at five sites from Burkina Faso, Niger and Nigeria. Observed polymorphisms ranged from one (marker 3393) to eight (marker 32008) alleles per locus. Observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.0 to 0.8 and 0.0 to 0.6, respectively. Three of the loci in samples from Nigeria and Burkina Faso deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE), whereas no loci deviated significantly in samples from Niger. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that 67.3% level of the genetic variation was within individuals compared to 17.3% among populations. A global estimate of F ST=0.1 (ENA corrected F ST=0.1) was significant (P⩽0.05) and corroborated by pairwise F ST values that were significant among all possible comparisons. A significant correlation was predicted between genetic divergence and geographic distance between subpopulations (R2=0.6, P=0.04), and cluster analysis by the program STRUCTURE predicted that co-ancestry of genotypes were indicative of three distinct populations. The spatial genetic variance among M. vitrata in West Africa may be due to limited gene flow, south-north seasonal movement pattern or other reproductive barriers. This information is important for the cultural, chemical and biological control strategies for managing M. vitrata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T A Agunbiade
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - B S Coates
- USDA-ARS, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - K S Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea and USDA-ARS, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - D Forgacs
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - V M Margam
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - L L Murdock
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - M N Ba
- Institut de L'Environnement et de Recherches Agricole Station de Kamboinse, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, France
| | - C L Binso-Dabire
- Institut de L'Environnement et de Recherches Agricole Station de Kamboinse, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, France
| | - I Baoua
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Niger, Maradi, Niger
| | - M F Ishiyaku
- Department of Plant Science, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - M Tamò
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Cotonou, Benin
| | - B R Pittendrigh
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lucas-Barbosa D, van Loon JJA, Dicke M. The effects of herbivore-induced plant volatiles on interactions between plants and flower-visiting insects. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2011; 72:1647-54. [PMID: 21497866 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants are faced with a trade-off between on the one hand growth, development and reproduction and on the other hand defence against environmental stresses. Yet, research on insect-plant interactions has addressed plant-pollinator interactions and plant-attacker interactions separately. Plants have evolved a high diversity of constitutive and induced responses to attack, including the systemic emission of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). The effect of HIPVs on the behaviour of carnivorous insects has received ample attention for leaf-feeding (folivorous) species and their parasitoids and predators. Here, we review whether and to what extent HIPVs affect the interaction of plants in the flowering stage with mutualistic and antagonistic insects. Whereas the role of flower volatiles in the interactions between plants and insect pollinators has received increased attention over the last decade, studies addressing both HIPVs and pollinator behaviour are rare, despite the fact that in a number of plant species herbivory is known to affect flower traits, including size, nectar secretion and composition. In addition, folivory and florivory can also result in significant changes in flower volatile emission and in most systems investigated, pollinator visitation decreased, although exceptions have been found. Negative effects of HIPVs on pollinator visitation rates likely exert negative selection pressure on HIPV emission. The systemic nature of herbivore-induced plant responses and the behavioural responses of antagonistic and mutualistic insects, requires the study of volatile emission of entire plants in the flowering stage. We conclude that approaches to integrate the study of plant defences and pollination are essential to advance plant biology, in particular in the context of the trade-off between defence and growth/reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dani Lucas-Barbosa
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8031, NL-6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|