1
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Rusman Q, Hooiveld‐Knoppers S, Dijksterhuis M, Bloem J, Reichelt M, Dicke M, Poelman EH. Flowers prepare thyselves: leaf and root herbivores induce specific changes in floral phytochemistry with consequences for plant interactions with florivores. New Phytol 2022; 233:2548-2560. [PMID: 34953172 PMCID: PMC9305281 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The phenotypic plasticity of flowering plants in response to herbivore damage to vegetative tissues can affect plant interactions with flower-feeding organisms. Such induced systemic responses are probably regulated by defence-related phytohormones that signal flowers to alter secondary chemistry that affects resistance to florivores. Current knowledge on the effects of damage to vegetative tissues on plant interactions with florivores and the underlying mechanisms is limited. We compared the preference and performance of two florivores on flowering Brassica nigra plants damaged by one of three herbivores feeding from roots or leaves. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, we quantified expression patterns of marker genes for defence-related phytohormonal pathways, and concentrations of phytohormones and glucosinolates in buds and flowers. Florivores displayed contrasting preferences for plants damaged by herbivores feeding on roots and leaves. Chewing florivores performed better on plants damaged by folivores, but worse on plants damaged by the root herbivore. Chewing root and foliar herbivory led to specific induced changes in the phytohormone profile of buds and flowers. This resulted in increased glucosinolate concentrations for leaf-damaged plants, and decreased glucosinolate concentrations for root-damaged plants. The outcome of herbivore-herbivore interactions spanning from vegetative tissues to floral tissues is unique for the inducing root/leaf herbivore and receiving florivore combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quint Rusman
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen University & ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 1Wageningen6708PBthe Netherlands
- Present address:
Department of Systematic and Evolutionary BotanyUniversity of ZürichZollikerstrasse 1078008ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Sanne Hooiveld‐Knoppers
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen University & ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 1Wageningen6708PBthe Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Dijksterhuis
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen University & ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 1Wageningen6708PBthe Netherlands
| | - Janneke Bloem
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen University & ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 1Wageningen6708PBthe Netherlands
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of BiochemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyHans‐Knöll‐Strasse 807745JenaGermany
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen University & ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 1Wageningen6708PBthe Netherlands
| | - Erik H. Poelman
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen University & ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 1Wageningen6708PBthe Netherlands
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2
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Mertens D, Fernández de Bobadilla M, Rusman Q, Bloem J, Douma JC, Poelman EH. Plant defence to sequential attack is adapted to prevalent herbivores. Nat Plants 2021; 7:1347-1353. [PMID: 34650263 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00999-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved plastic defence strategies to deal with the uncertainty of when, by which species and in which order attack by herbivores will take place1-3. However, the responses to current herbivore attack may come with a cost of compromising resistance to other, later arriving herbivores. Due to antagonistic cross-talk between physiological regulation of plant resistance to phloem-feeding and leaf-chewing herbivores4-8, the feeding guild of the initial herbivore is considered to be the primary factor determining whether resistance to subsequent attack is compromised. We show that, by investigating 90 pairwise insect-herbivore interactions among ten different herbivore species, resistance of the annual plant Brassica nigra to a later arriving herbivore species is not explained by feeding guild of the initial attacker. Instead, the prevalence of herbivore species that arrive on induced plants as approximated by three years of season-long insect community assessments in the field explained cross-resistance. Plants maintained resistance to prevalent herbivores in common patterns of herbivore arrival and compromises in resistance especially occurred for rare patterns of herbivore attack. We conclude that plants tailor induced defence strategies to deal with common patterns of sequential herbivore attack and anticipate arrival of the most prevalent herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan Mertens
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Quint Rusman
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Janneke Bloem
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jacob C Douma
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Erik H Poelman
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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3
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Fernández de Bobadilla M, Bourne ME, Bloem J, Kalisvaart SN, Gort G, Dicke M, Poelman EH. Insect species richness affects plant responses to multi-herbivore attack. New Phytol 2021; 231:2333-2345. [PMID: 33484613 PMCID: PMC8451852 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plants are often attacked by multiple insect herbivores. How plants deal with an increasing richness of attackers from a single or multiple feeding guilds is poorly understood. We subjected black mustard (Brassica nigra) plants to 51 treatments representing attack by an increasing species richness (one, two or four species) of either phloem feeders, leaf chewers, or a mix of both feeding guilds when keeping total density of attackers constant and studied how this affects plant resistance to subsequent attack by caterpillars of the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella). Increased richness in phloem-feeding attackers compromised resistance to P. xylostella. By contrast, leaf chewers induced a stronger resistance to subsequent attack by caterpillars of P. xylostella while species richness did not play a significant role for chewing herbivore induced responses. Attack by a mix of herbivores from different feeding guilds resulted in plant resistance similar to resistance levels of plants that were not previously exposed to herbivory. We conclude that B. nigra plants channel their defence responses stronger towards a feeding-guild specific response when under multi-species attack by herbivores of the same feeding guild, but integrate responses when simultaneously confronted with a mix of herbivores from different feeding guilds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Fernández de Bobadilla
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen University and Research CentreDroevendaalsesteeg 1Wageningen6708PBthe Netherlands
| | - Mitchel E. Bourne
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen University and Research CentreDroevendaalsesteeg 1Wageningen6708PBthe Netherlands
| | - Janneke Bloem
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen University and Research CentreDroevendaalsesteeg 1Wageningen6708PBthe Netherlands
| | - Sarah N. Kalisvaart
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen University and Research CentreDroevendaalsesteeg 1Wageningen6708PBthe Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Gort
- Biometris, Wageningen University and Research CentreDroevendaalsesteeg 1Wageningen6708PBthe Netherlands
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen University and Research CentreDroevendaalsesteeg 1Wageningen6708PBthe Netherlands
| | - Erik H. Poelman
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen University and Research CentreDroevendaalsesteeg 1Wageningen6708PBthe Netherlands
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4
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Koorem K, Snoek BL, Bloem J, Geisen S, Kostenko O, Manrubia M, Ramirez KS, Weser C, Wilschut RA, van der Putten WH. Community-level interactions between plants and soil biota during range expansion. J Ecol 2020; 108:1860-1873. [PMID: 32999508 PMCID: PMC7508040 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant species that expand their range in response to current climate change will encounter soil communities that may hinder, allow or even facilitate plant performance. It has been shown repeatedly for plant species originating from other continents that these plants are less hampered by soil communities from the new than from the original range. However, information about the interactions between intra-continental range expanders and soil communities is sparse, especially at community level.Here we used a plant-soil feedback experiment approach to examine if the interactions between range expanders and soil communities change during range expansion. We grew communities of range-expanding and native plant species with soil communities originating from the original and new range of range expanders. In these conditioned soils, we determined the composition of fungi and bacteria by high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the ITS region and the 16S rRNA gene respectively. Nematode community composition was determined by microscopy-based morphological identification. Then we tested how these soil communities influence the growth of subsequent communities of range expanders and natives.We found that after the conditioning phase soil bacterial, fungal and nematode communities differed by origin and by conditioning plant communities. Despite differences in bacterial, fungal and nematode communities between original and new range, soil origin did not influence the biomass production of plant communities. Both native and range expanding plant communities produced most above-ground biomass in soils that were conditioned by plant communities distantly related to them. Synthesis. Communities of range-expanding plant species shape specific soil communities in both original and new range soil. Plant-soil interactions of range expanders in communities can be similar to the ones of their closely related native plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadri Koorem
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology Wageningen The Netherlands
- Department of Botany Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Basten L Snoek
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology Wageningen The Netherlands
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Nematology Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Janneke Bloem
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology Wageningen The Netherlands
- Department of Plant Sciences Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Geisen
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology Wageningen The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Nematology Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Olga Kostenko
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Marta Manrubia
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology Wageningen The Netherlands
| | | | - Carolin Weser
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Rutger A Wilschut
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology Wageningen The Netherlands
- Ecology, Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
| | - Wim H van der Putten
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology Wageningen The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Nematology Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
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5
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Haridas S, Albert R, Binder M, Bloem J, LaButti K, Salamov A, Andreopoulos B, Baker SE, Barry K, Bills G, Bluhm BH, Cannon C, Castanera R, Culley DE, Daum C, Ezra D, González JB, Henrissat B, Kuo A, Liang C, Lipzen A, Lutzoni F, Magnuson J, Mondo SJ, Nolan M, Ohm RA, Pangilinan J, Park HJ, Ramírez L, Alfaro M, Sun H, Tritt A, Yoshinaga Y, Zwiers LH, Turgeon BG, Goodwin SB, Spatafora JW, Crous PW, Grigoriev IV. 101 Dothideomycetes genomes: A test case for predicting lifestyles and emergence of pathogens. Stud Mycol 2020; 96:141-153. [PMID: 32206138 PMCID: PMC7082219 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dothideomycetes is the largest class of kingdom Fungi and comprises an incredible diversity of lifestyles, many of which have evolved multiple times. Plant pathogens represent a major ecological niche of the class Dothideomycetes and they are known to infect most major food crops and feedstocks for biomass and biofuel production. Studying the ecology and evolution of Dothideomycetes has significant implications for our fundamental understanding of fungal evolution, their adaptation to stress and host specificity, and practical implications with regard to the effects of climate change and on the food, feed, and livestock elements of the agro-economy. In this study, we present the first large-scale, whole-genome comparison of 101 Dothideomycetes introducing 55 newly sequenced species. The availability of whole-genome data produced a high-confidence phylogeny leading to reclassification of 25 organisms, provided a clearer picture of the relationships among the various families, and indicated that pathogenicity evolved multiple times within this class. We also identified gene family expansions and contractions across the Dothideomycetes phylogeny linked to ecological niches providing insights into genome evolution and adaptation across this group. Using machine-learning methods we classified fungi into lifestyle classes with >95 % accuracy and identified a small number of gene families that positively correlated with these distinctions. This can become a valuable tool for genome-based prediction of species lifestyle, especially for rarely seen and poorly studied species.
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Key Words
- Aulographales Crous, Spatafora, Haridas & Grigoriev
- Coniosporiaceae Crous, Spatafora, Haridas & Grigoriev
- Coniosporiales Crous, Spatafora, Haridas & Grigoriev
- Eremomycetales Crous, Spatafora, Haridas & Grigoriev
- Fungal evolution
- Genome-based prediction
- Lineolataceae Crous, Spatafora, Haridas & Grigoriev
- Lineolatales Crous, Spatafora, Haridas & Grigoriev
- Machine-learning
- New taxa
- Rhizodiscinaceae Crous, Spatafora, Haridas & Grigoriev
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Affiliation(s)
- S Haridas
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - R Albert
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - M Binder
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Bloem
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - K LaButti
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - A Salamov
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - B Andreopoulos
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - S E Baker
- Functional and Systems Biology Group, Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - K Barry
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - G Bills
- University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - B H Bluhm
- University of Arkansas, Fayelletville, AR, USA
| | - C Cannon
- Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - R Castanera
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB-UPNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - D E Culley
- Functional and Systems Biology Group, Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - C Daum
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - D Ezra
- Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeTsiyon, Israel
| | - J B González
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - B Henrissat
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,INRA, Marseille, France.,Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Kuo
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - C Liang
- College of Agronomy and Plant Protection, Qingdao Agricultural University, China
| | - A Lipzen
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - F Lutzoni
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J Magnuson
- Functional and Systems Biology Group, Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - S J Mondo
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Bioagricultural Science and Pest Management Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - M Nolan
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - R A Ohm
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Pangilinan
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - H-J Park
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - L Ramírez
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB-UPNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - M Alfaro
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB-UPNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - H Sun
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - A Tritt
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Y Yoshinaga
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - L-H Zwiers
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B G Turgeon
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - S B Goodwin
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 915 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - J W Spatafora
- Department of Botany & Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - P W Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - I V Grigoriev
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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6
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Wilschut RA, Geisen S, Martens H, Kostenko O, de Hollander M, ten Hooven FC, Weser C, Snoek LB, Bloem J, Caković D, Čelik T, Koorem K, Krigas N, Manrubia M, Ramirez KS, Tsiafouli MA, Vreš B, van der Putten WH. Latitudinal variation in soil nematode communities under climate warming-related range-expanding and native plants. Glob Chang Biol 2019; 25:2714-2726. [PMID: 31002208 PMCID: PMC6617783 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Current climate change has led to latitudinal and altitudinal range expansions of numerous species. During such range expansions, plant species are expected to experience changes in interactions with other organisms, especially with belowground biota that have a limited dispersal capacity. Nematodes form a key component of the belowground food web as they include bacterivores, fungivores, omnivores and root herbivores. However, their community composition under climate change-driven intracontinental range-expanding plants has been studied almost exclusively under controlled conditions, whereas little is known about actual patterns in the field. Here, we use novel molecular sequencing techniques combined with morphological quantification in order to examine nematode communities in the rhizospheres of four range-expanding and four congeneric native species along a 2,000 km latitudinal transect from South-Eastern to North-Western Europe. We tested the hypotheses that latitudinal shifts in nematode community composition are stronger in range-expanding plant species than in congeneric natives and that in their new range, range-expanding plant species accumulate fewest root-feeding nematodes. Our results show latitudinal variation in nematode community composition of both range expanders and native plant species, while operational taxonomic unit richness remained the same across ranges. Therefore, range-expanding plant species face different nematode communities at higher latitudes, but this is also the case for widespread native plant species. Only one of the four range-expanding plant species showed a stronger shift in nematode community composition than its congeneric native and accumulated fewer root-feeding nematodes in its new range. We conclude that variation in nematode community composition with increasing latitude occurs for both range-expanding and native plant species and that some range-expanding plant species may become released from root-feeding nematodes in the new range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutger A. Wilschut
- Netherlands Institute of EcologyWageningenThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of NematologyWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Stefan Geisen
- Netherlands Institute of EcologyWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Henk Martens
- Netherlands Institute of EcologyWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Olga Kostenko
- Netherlands Institute of EcologyWageningenThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Carolin Weser
- Netherlands Institute of EcologyWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - L. Basten Snoek
- Netherlands Institute of EcologyWageningenThe Netherlands
- Theoretical Biology and BioinformaticsUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Janneke Bloem
- Netherlands Institute of EcologyWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Danka Caković
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and MathematicsUniversity of MontenegroPodgoricaMontenegro
| | - Tatjana Čelik
- Biološki inštitut Jovana HadžijaZRC SAZULjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Kadri Koorem
- Netherlands Institute of EcologyWageningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Nikos Krigas
- Department of Ecology, School of BiologyAristotle UniversityThessalonikiGreece
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic ResourcesHellenic Agricultural Organization DemeterThessalonikiGreece
| | - Marta Manrubia
- Netherlands Institute of EcologyWageningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Maria A. Tsiafouli
- Department of Ecology, School of BiologyAristotle UniversityThessalonikiGreece
| | - Branko Vreš
- Biološki inštitut Jovana HadžijaZRC SAZULjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Wim H. van der Putten
- Netherlands Institute of EcologyWageningenThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of NematologyWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
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7
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Zhu F, Cusumano A, Bloem J, Weldegergis BT, Villela A, Fatouros NE, van Loon JJA, Dicke M, Harvey JA, Vogel H, Poelman EH. Symbiotic polydnavirus and venom reveal parasitoid to its hyperparasitoids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:5205-5210. [PMID: 29712841 PMCID: PMC5960289 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1717904115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Symbiotic relationships may provide organisms with key innovations that aid in the establishment of new niches. For example, during oviposition, some species of parasitoid wasps, whose larvae develop inside the bodies of other insects, inject polydnaviruses into their hosts. These symbiotic viruses disrupt host immune responses, allowing the parasitoid's progeny to survive. Here we show that symbiotic polydnaviruses also have a downside to the parasitoid's progeny by initiating a multitrophic chain of interactions that reveals the parasitoid larvae to their enemies. These enemies are hyperparasitoids that use the parasitoid progeny as host for their own offspring. We found that the virus and venom injected by the parasitoid during oviposition, but not the parasitoid progeny itself, affected hyperparasitoid attraction toward plant volatiles induced by feeding of parasitized caterpillars. We identified activity of virus-related genes in the caterpillar salivary gland. Moreover, the virus affected the activity of elicitors of salivary origin that induce plant responses to caterpillar feeding. The changes in caterpillar saliva were critical in inducing plant volatiles that are used by hyperparasitoids to locate parasitized caterpillars. Our results show that symbiotic organisms may be key drivers of multitrophic ecological interactions. We anticipate that this phenomenon is widespread in nature, because of the abundance of symbiotic microorganisms across trophic levels in ecological communities. Their role should be more prominently integrated in community ecology to understand organization of natural and managed ecosystems, as well as adaptations of individual organisms that are part of these communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antonino Cusumano
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke Bloem
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Berhane T Weldegergis
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Villela
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nina E Fatouros
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joop J A van Loon
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey A Harvey
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Animal Ecology Section, Department of Ecological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heiko Vogel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Erik H Poelman
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;
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8
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Cusumano A, Zhu F, Volkoff AN, Verbaarschot P, Bloem J, Vogel H, Dicke M, Poelman EH. Parasitic wasp-associated symbiont affects plant-mediated species interactions between herbivores. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:957-967. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Cusumano
- Laboratory of Entomology; Wageningen University; P.O. Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Feng Zhu
- Laboratory of Entomology; Wageningen University; P.O. Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology; Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW); Droevendaalsesteeg 1 6708 PB Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Nathalie Volkoff
- DGIMI UMR 1333; INRA; Université de Montpellier 2; Place Eugène Bataillon CC101, 34095 Montpellier Cedex France
| | - Patrick Verbaarschot
- Laboratory of Entomology; Wageningen University; P.O. Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Janneke Bloem
- Laboratory of Entomology; Wageningen University; P.O. Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Heiko Vogel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology; Hans-Knöll-Str. 8 D-07745 Jena Germany
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology; Wageningen University; P.O. Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Erik H. Poelman
- Laboratory of Entomology; Wageningen University; P.O. Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
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Geisen S, Snoek LB, ten Hooven FC, Duyts H, Kostenko O, Bloem J, Martens H, Quist CW, Helder JA, der Putten WH. Integrating quantitative morphological and qualitative molecular methods to analyse soil nematode community responses to plant range expansion. Methods Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Geisen
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
- Laboratory of NematologyWageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - L. Basten Snoek
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
- Laboratory of NematologyWageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
- Theoretical Biology and BioinformaticsUtrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Freddy C. ten Hooven
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Henk Duyts
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Olga Kostenko
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Janneke Bloem
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Henk Martens
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Casper W. Quist
- Laboratory of NematologyWageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A. Helder
- Laboratory of NematologyWageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Wim H. der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
- Laboratory of NematologyWageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
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Mayor AG, Valdecantos A, Vallejo VR, Keizer JJ, Bloem J, Baeza J, González-Pelayo O, Machado AI, de Ruiter PC. Fire-induced pine woodland to shrubland transitions in Southern Europe may promote shifts in soil fertility. Sci Total Environ 2016; 573:1232-1241. [PMID: 27156440 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Since the mid of the last century, fire recurrence has increased in the Iberian Peninsula and in the overall Mediterranean basin due to changes in land use and climate. The warmer and drier climate projected for this region will further increase the risk of wildfire occurrence and recurrence. Although the impact of wildfires on soil nutrient content in this region has been extensively studied, still few works have assessed this impact on the basis of fire recurrence. This study assesses the changes in soil organic C and nutrient status of mineral soils in two Southern European areas, Várzea (Northern Portugal) and Valencia (Eastern Spain), affected by different levels of fire recurrence and where short fire intervals have promoted a transition from pine woodlands to shrublands. At the short-term (<1year), the amount of soil organic matter was higher in burned than in unburned soils while its quality (represented as labile to total organic matter) was actually lower. In any case, total and labile soil organic matter showed decreasing trends with increasing fire recurrence (one to four fires). At the long-term (>5years), a decline in overall soil fertility with fire recurrence was also observed, with a drop between pine woodlands (one fire) and shrublands (two and three fires), particularly in the soil microsites between shrubs. Our results suggest that the current trend of increasing fire recurrence in Southern Europe may result in losses or alterations of soil organic matter, particularly when fire promotes a transition from pine woodland to shrubland. The results also point to labile organic matter fractions in the intershrub spaces as potential early warning indicators for shifts in soil fertility in response to fire recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Mayor
- Wageningen University, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - A Valdecantos
- Mediterranean Centre for Environmental Studies (Foundation CEAM), Charles Darwin 14, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - V R Vallejo
- University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - J J Keizer
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - J Bloem
- Wageningen University, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - J Baeza
- Mediterranean Centre for Environmental Studies (Foundation CEAM), Charles Darwin 14, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - O González-Pelayo
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - A I Machado
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - P C de Ruiter
- University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Damman W, Liu R, Reijnierse M, Bloem J, Rosendaal F, Kloppenburg M. OP0109 Synovitis and Bone Marrow Lesions on Mri Associate with Radiographic Progression After Two Years in Hand Osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.5586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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De Bruin F, Treyvaud M, Feydy A, Bloem J, Dougados M, Gossec L, van der Heijde D, Reijnierse M. OP0162 Degenerative Changes of the Spine on MRI in Patients with Inflammatory Back Pain from the DESIR Cohort:. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.2246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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De Lange-Brokaar B, Ioan-Facsinay A, Bijsterbosch J, Osch G, Zuurmond AM, Kornaat P, Bloem J, Meulenbelt I, Kloppenburg M. THU0196 Radiologic Progression in the Patellofemoral and Tibiofemoral Joints is Related to Specific MRI Patterns. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.4786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Stomp W, Krabben A, van der Heijde D, Bloem J, Huizinga T, Reijnierse M, van der Helm-van Mil A. AB1309 Differential diagnostic value of 1.5 TESLA extremity MRI in early arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Brakenhoff L, Stomp W, van Gaalen F, Fidder H, Bloem J, van der Heijde D, Reijnierse M, Hommes D. AB0545 Magnetic resonance imaging of the hands and knees in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and arthralgia – a pilot study. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.2867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Koenderman AHL, ter Hart HGJ, Prins-de Nijs IMM, Bloem J, Stoffers S, Kempers A, Derksen GJ, Al B, Dekker L, Over J. Virus safety of plasma products using 20 nm instead of 15 nm filtration as virus removing step. Biologicals 2012; 40:473-81. [PMID: 22901944 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During the manufacture of human plasma derivatives, a series of complementary measures are undertaken to prevent transmission of blood-borne viruses. Virus filtration using 15 nm (Planova15N) filters has successfully been implemented in manufacturing processes for various plasma derivatives primarily because virus filtration is a technique, mild for proteins, that can effectively remove even small non-lipid-enveloped viruses, such as HAV and parvovirus B19. However, the use of 15 nm filters has limitations with regard to protein capacity of the filters and the process flow, resulting in an expensive manufacturing step. Therefore, studies were performed to test whether the use of 20 nm (Planova20N) filters, having different characteristics compared to 15 nm filters, can be an alternative for the use of 15 nm filters. It is shown that 20 nm filtration can be an alternative for 15 nm filtration. However, the virus removal capacity of the 20 nm filters depends on the plasma product that is filtered. Therefore, an optimisation study must be performed with regard to process parameters such as pressure, pH and protein concentration for each plasma product. In this study, using optimised conditions, the virus removal capacity of 20 nm filters appears to be comparable or even better when compared to that of 15 nm filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H L Koenderman
- Sanquin Blood Supply, Division of Plasma Products, Product Development, PO Box 9190, 1006 AD Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Bloem J, Ellenbroek FM, Bär-Gilissen MJ, Cappenberg TE. Protozoan grazing and bacterial production in stratified lake vechten estimated with fluorescently labeled bacteria and by thymidine incorporation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 55:1787-95. [PMID: 16347972 PMCID: PMC202951 DOI: 10.1128/aem.55.7.1787-1795.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In stratified Lake Vechten, The Netherlands, protozoan grazing was estimated on the basis of uptake of fluorescently labeled bacteria and compared with bacterial production estimated on the basis of thymidine incorporation. By using a grazer-free mixed bacterial population from the lake in continuous culture, an empirical relationship between cell production and thymidine incorporation was established. Thymidine incorporation into total cold-trichloroacetic-acid-insoluble macromolecules yielded a relatively constant empirical conversion factor of ca. 10 (range, 0.38 x 10 to 1.42 x 10) bacteria mol of thymidine at specific growth rates (mu) ranging from 0.007 to 0.116 h. Although thymidine incorporation has been assumed to measure DNA synthesis thymidine incorporation appeared to underestimate the independently measured bacterial DNA synthesis by at least 1.5- to 13-fold, even if all incorporated label was assumed to be in DNA. However, incorporation into DNA was found to be insignificant as measured by conventional acid-base hydrolysis. Methodological problems of the thymidine technique are discussed. Like the cultures, Lake Vechten bacteria showed considerable thymidine incorporation into total macromolecules, but no significant incorporation into DNA was found by acid-base hydrolysis. This applied not only to the low-oxygen hypo- and metalimnion but also to the aerobic epilimnion. Thus, the established empirical conversion factor for thymidine incorporation into total macromolecules was used to estimate bacterial production. Maximum production rates (141 x 10 bacteria liter h; mu, 0.012 h) were found in the metalimnion and were 1 order of magnitude higher than in the epi- and hypolimnion. In all three strata, the estimated bacterial production was roughly balanced by the estimated protozoan grazing. Heterotrophic nanoflagellates were the major consumers of the bacterial production and showed maximum numbers (up to 40 x 10 heterotrophic nanoflagellates liter) in the microaerobic metalimnion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bloem
- Vijverhof Laboratory, Limnological Institute, 3631 AC Nieuwersluis, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Quantitative effects of several fixatives on heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNAN) and phototrophic nanoflagellates (PNAN) were investigated by hemacytometer and epifluorescence counting techniques. Counts of Monas sp. cultures before and after fixation with unbuffered 0.3% glutaraldehyde and 5% formaldehyde showed no loss of cells during fixation, and cell concentrations remained constant for several weeks after fixation. Buffering of fixatives with borax caused severe losses, up to 100% within 2 h. Field samples from Lake Vechten showed no decline of HNAN and total nanoflagellate concentrations for at least 1 week after fixation with 5% formaldehyde and with 1% glutaraldehyde. With 1% glutaraldehyde, the chlorophyll autofluorescence of PNAN was much brighter than with 5% formaldehyde, although it was lost after a few days and thus limited the storage time of samples. However, when primulin-stained slides were prepared soon after fixation and stored at -30 degrees C, the loss of autofluorescence was prevented and PNAN and HNAN concentrations were stable for at least 16 weeks. Effects of filtration and centrifugation on HNAN were also studied. Filtration vacuum could not exceed 3 kPa since 10 kPa already caused losses of 15 to 20%. Similar losses were caused by centrifugation, even at low speed (500 x g).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bloem
- Limnological Institute, Vijverhof Laboratory, 3631 AC Nieuwersluis, The Netherlands
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Bloem J, Starink M, Bär-Gilissen MJ, Cappenberg TE. Protozoan grazing, bacterial activity, and mineralization in two-stage continuous cultures. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 54:3113-21. [PMID: 16347801 PMCID: PMC204435 DOI: 10.1128/aem.54.12.3113-3121.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In two-stage continuous cultures, at bacterial concentrations, biovolumes, and growth rates similar to values found in Lake Vechten, ingestion rates of heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNAN) increased from 2.3 bacteria HNAN . h at a growth rate of 0.15 day to 9.2 bacteria . HNAN . h at a growth rate of 0.65 day. On a yeast extract medium with a C/N/P ratio of 100:15:1.2 (Redfield ratio), a mixed bacterial population showed a yield of 18% (C/C) and a specific carbon content of 211 fg of C . mum. The HNAN carbon content and yield were estimated at 127 fg of C . mum and 47% (C/C). Although P was not growth limiting, HNAN accelerated the mineralization of PO(4)-P from dissolved organic matter by 600%. The major mechanism of P remineralization appeared to be direct consumption of bacteria by HNAN. N mineralization was performed mainly (70%) by bacteria but was increased 30% by HNAN. HNAN did not enhance the decomposition of the relatively mineral-rich dissolved organic matter. An accelerated decomposition of organic carbon by protozoa may be restricted to mineral-poor substrates and may be explained mainly by protozoan nutrient regeneration. Growth and grazing in the cultures were compared with methods for in situ estimates. Thymidine incorporation by actively growing bacteria yielded an empirical conversion factor of 1.1 x 10 bacteria per mol of thymidine incorporated into DNA. However, nongrowing bacteria also showed considerable incorporation. Protozoan grazing was found to be accurately measured by uptake of fluorescently labeled bacteria, whereas artificial fluorescent microspheres were not ingested, and selective prokaryotic inhibitors blocked not only bacterial growth but also protozoan grazing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bloem
- Limnological Institute, Vijverhof Laboratory, 3631 AC Nieuwersluis, The Netherlands
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van Vliet P, Reijs J, Bloem J, Dijkstra J, de Goede R. Effects of Cow Diet on the Microbial Community and Organic Matter and Nitrogen Content of Feces. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90:5146-58. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Tobor-Kapłon MA, Bloem J, Römkens PFAM, de Ruiter PC. Functional stability of microbial communities in contaminated soils near a zinc smelter (Budel, the Netherlands). Ecotoxicology 2006; 15:187-97. [PMID: 16432634 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-005-0050-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2005] [Accepted: 08/09/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution causes adverse effects on many levels of ecosystem organization; it might affect the use efficiency of available resources which will make the system more sensitive to subsequent stress. Alternatively the development of community tolerance may make the system more resistant to additional stresses. In this study we investigate the functional stability, measured in the terms of resistance and resilience, of microbial populations inhabiting contaminated soils near a zinc smelter. With functional stability we mean that we look at processes rather than at population dynamics. We measure changes in respiration and bacterial growth rate in response to addition of stress (lead, salt) or disturbance (heat). We used soils that differ in the level of pollution with zinc and cadmium originating from an adjacent smelter. Our results showed, with regard to respiration, that the most polluted soils have the lowest stability to salt (stress) and heat (disturbance). This confirms the hypothesis that more stressed systems have less energy to cope with additional stress or disturbance. However, bacterial growth rates were affected in a different way than respiration. There was no difference between the soils in resistance and resilience to addition of lead. In case of salt treatment, the least polluted soils showed highest stability. In contrast, the least polluted soils were the least stable to increased temperature, which supports the hypothesis that more stressed soils are more stable to additional stress/disturbance due to properties they gained when exposed to the first stress (pollution by the smelter). Thus, the responses of microbial processes to stress, their nature and size, depend on the kinds of stress factors, especially whether a subsequent stress is similar to the first stress, in terms of the mechanism with which the organisms deal with the stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Tobor-Kapłon
- Department of Soil Sciences, Alterra, P.O. Box 47, NL-6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Deridder F, Vielvoye J, De Schepper A, Bloem J. Lemierre syndrome with jugular thrombophlebitis and cavitary pneumonia. JBR-BTR 2005; 88:128-9. [PMID: 16038226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Deridder
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Hospital, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Postma-Blaauw MB, de Vries FT, de Goede RGM, Bloem J, Faber JH, Brussaard L. Within-trophic group interactions of bacterivorous nematode species and their effects on the bacterial community and nitrogen mineralization. Oecologia 2004; 142:428-39. [PMID: 15526119 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-004-1741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2004] [Accepted: 09/21/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of the interactions between organisms within trophic groups is important for an understanding of the role of biodiversity in ecosystem functioning. We hypothesised that interactions between bacterivorous nematodes of different life history strategies would affect nematode population development, bacterial community composition and activity, resulting in increased N mineralization. A microcosm experiment was conducted using three nematode species (Bursilla monhystera, Acrobeloides nanus and Plectus parvus). All the nematode species interacted with each other, but the nature and effects of these interactions depended on the specific species combination. The interaction between B. monhystera and A. nanus was asymmetrically competitive (0,-), whereas that between B. monhystera and P. parvus, and also A. nanus and P. parvus was contramensal (+, -). The interaction that affected microcosm properties the most was the interaction between B. monhystera and P. parvus. This interaction affected the bacterial community composition, increased the bacterial biomass and increased soil N mineralization. B. monhystera and P. parvus have the most different life history strategies, whereas A. nanus has a life history strategy intermediate to those of B. monhystera and P. parvus. We suggest that the difference in life history strategies between species of the same trophic group is of importance for their communal effect on soil ecosystem processes. Our results support the idiosyncrasy hypothesis on the role of biodiversity in ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Postma-Blaauw
- Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8005, 6700 EC Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Griffiths BS, Ritz K, Bardgett RD, Cook R, Christensen S, Ekelund F, Sørensen SJ, Bååth E, Bloem J, De Ruiter PC, Dolfing J, Nicolardot B. Ecosystem response of pasture soil communities to fumigation-induced microbial diversity reductions: an examination of the biodiversity-ecosystem function relationship. OIKOS 2003. [DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.900208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 464] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bloem J, Veninga M, Shepherd J. Fully automatic determination of soil bacterium numbers, cell volumes, and frequencies of dividing cells by confocal laser scanning microscopy and image analysis. Appl Environ Microbiol 1995; 61:926-36. [PMID: 16534976 PMCID: PMC1388375 DOI: 10.1128/aem.61.3.926-936.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a fully automatic image analysis system capable of measuring cell numbers, volumes, lengths, and widths of bacteria in soil smears. The system also determines the number of cells in agglomerates and thus provides the frequency of dividing cells (FDC). Images are acquired from a confocal laser scanning microscope. The grey images are smoothed by convolution and by morphological erosion and dilation to remove noise. The background is equalized by flooding holes in the image and is then subtracted by two top hat transforms. Finally, the grey image is sharpened by delineation, and all particles above a fixed threshold are detected. The number of cells in each detected particle is determined by counting the number of local grey-level maxima in the particle. Thus, up to 1,500 cells in 10 fields of view in a soil smear are analyzed in 30 min without human intervention. Automatic counts of cell numbers and FDC were similar to visual counts in field samples. In microcosms, automatic measurements showed significant increases in cell numbers, FDC, mean cell volume, and length-to-width ratio after amendment of the soil. Volumes of fluorescent microspheres were measured with good approximation, but the absolute values obtained were strongly affected by the settings of the detector sensitivity. Independent measurements of bacterial cell numbers and volumes by image analysis and of cell carbon by a total organic carbon analyzer yielded an average specific carbon content of 200 fg of C (mu)m(sup-3), which indicates that our volume estimates are reasonable.
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Ruiter PCD, Moore JC, Zwart KB, Bouwman LA, Hassink J, Bloem J, Vos JAD, Marinissen JCY, Didden WAM, Lebrink G, Brussaard L. Simulation of Nitrogen Mineralization in the Below-Ground Food Webs of Two Winter Wheat Fields. J Appl Ecol 1993. [DOI: 10.2307/2404274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bloem J. Chemical vapor deposition 1960-1980, a bibliographyedited by D. T. Hawkins. J Appl Crystallogr 1982. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889882012692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Van Der Putte P, Giling LJ, Bloem J. Facet Formation on Near (111) Silicon Surfaces and the Desorption Energy of SiCl2 Adatoms. Cryst Res Technol 1982. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.2170171214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bloem J. On deep burns of the hands. Ann Chir 1977; 31:1103-6. [PMID: 345935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Bloem J. Fraktionierung der Spurenelemente bei der Kristallisationby H. E. Usdowski. J Appl Crystallogr 1976. [DOI: 10.1107/s002188987601162x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Bloem J, Büthker W. [Quinidine syncope]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1966; 110:1307-9. [PMID: 5944133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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