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Aristizábal D, Gil J, Quiñones W, Durango D. Screening of Indanoyl-Type Compounds as Elicitors of Isoflavonoid Phytoalexins in Colombian Common Bean Cultivars. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113500. [PMID: 35684438 PMCID: PMC9182094 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eleven indanoyl derivatives were synthesized and, along with methyl jasmonate, evaluated as isoflavonoid-phytoalexin elicitors in two cultivars of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cvs. ICA-Cerinza and Uribe Rosado, tolerant and susceptible to anthracnose, respectively). Indanoyl derivatives (an ester, two amides, and eight indanoyl-amino acid conjugates) were obtained from 1-oxo-indane-4-carboxylic acid. In general, the accumulation of isoflavonoid-type phytoalexins, such as isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, and 2′-hydroxygenistein), isoflavanones (dalbergioidin and kievitone), isoflavan (phaseollinisoflavan), coumestrol, and pterocarpans (phaseollidin and phaseollin), was dependent on the common bean cultivar, the post-induction time, and the elicitor structure. Isoflavones, dalbergioidin, and coumestrol reached their highest amounts during the first 48 to 72 h, whereas kievitone, phaseollinisoflavano, and the pterocarpans reached maximum levels between 72 and 96 h. The 1-oxo-indanoyl-L-isoleucine methyl ester elicited the highest levels of phytoalexins (similar to those elicited by the methyl jasmonate) and showed no significant phytotoxic effects on common bean seedlings. The indanoyl-type synthetic elicitor, 1-oxo-indanoyl-L-isoleucine methyl ester, may represent a promising agronomic alternative for disease control in common bean by enhancing the accumulation of antimicrobial isoflavonoid phytoalexins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Aristizábal
- Escuela de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Medellín, Carrera 65, Medellín P.O. Box 3840, Colombia;
| | - Jesús Gil
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícola y Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Medellín, Carrera 65, Medellín P.O. Box 3840, Colombia;
| | - Winston Quiñones
- Grupo de Química Orgánica de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70, Medellín P.O. Box 1226, Colombia;
| | - Diego Durango
- Escuela de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Medellín, Carrera 65, Medellín P.O. Box 3840, Colombia;
- Correspondence:
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Saito R, Hayashi K, Nomoto H, Nakayama M, Takaoka Y, Saito H, Yamagami S, Muto T, Ueda M. Extended JAZ degron sequence for plant hormone binding in jasmonate co-receptor of tomato SlCOI1-SlJAZ. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13612. [PMID: 34193940 PMCID: PMC8245654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
(+)-7-iso-Jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine (JA-Ile) is a lipid-derived phytohormone implicated in plant development, reproduction, and defense in response to pathogens and herbivorous insects. All these effects are instigated by the perception of JA-Ile by the COI1-JAZ co-receptor in the plant body, which in Arabidopsis thaliana is profoundly influenced by the short JAZ degron sequence (V/L)P(Q/I)AR(R/K) of the JAZ protein. Here, we report that SlJAZ-SlCOI1, the COI1-JAZ co-receptor found in the tomato plant, relies on the extended JAZ degron sequence (V/L)P(Q/I)AR(R/K)XSLX instead of the canonical JAZ degron. This finding illuminates our understanding of the mechanism of ligand perception by JA-Ile in this plant, and will inform both efforts to improve it by genetic modification of the SlCOI1-SlJAZ co-receptor, and the development of the synthetic agonists/antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Saito
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kengo Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Haruna Nomoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Misuzu Nakayama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yousuke Takaoka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Saito
- Center for Basic Education, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa, 920-1181, Japan
| | - Souhei Yamagami
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Toshiya Muto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Minoru Ueda
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan. .,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
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Botero L, Vizcaíno S, Quiñones W, Echeverri F, Gil J, Durango D. Increased accumulation of isoflavonoids in common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) tissues treated with 1-oxo-indane-4-carboxylic acid derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 29:e00601. [PMID: 33732630 PMCID: PMC7937663 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Eleven indanoyl derivatives as potential elicitors were synthesized and characterized. Accumulation of nine isoflavonoid phytoalexins in two common bean (P. vulgaris L.) cultivars grown in Colombia was analyzed. Dose-response and time-course experiments were performed on cotyledons and hypocotyls-roots of common bean treated with the potential elicitors. Application of indanoyl-type elicitors increased the concentration of isoflavonoids in tissues of common bean. Accumulation of isoflavonoid phytoalexins was dependent on the cultivar, the tissue type, the elicitor structure and the post-induction time.
Isoflavonoid phytoalexins (isoflavones: genistein, 2′-hydroxygenistein, and daidzein; isoflavanones: dalbergioidin and kievitone; coumestrol; pterocarpans: phaseollidin and phaseollin; and the isoflavan: phaseollinisoflavan) production in response to the application of eleven 1-oxo-indane-4-carboxylic acid derivatives (indanoyl esters and indanoyl amino acids conjugates), in cotyledons and hypocotyl/root of two common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars was evaluated. The content of isoflavonoids depended on the cultivar, the treated tissue, the time after induction, the structure and concentration of the elicitor. The highest isoflavonoid contents were found when 1-oxo-indanoyl-amino acids conjugates were used as elicitors. Cotyledons and hypocotyl/root of the anthracnose-resistant cultivar produced significantly higher isoflavonoid contents as compared to the susceptible one. Maximum levels of phaseollin were obtained using 0.66 mM 1-oxo-indanoyl-l-isoleucyl methyl ester and between 72 and 96 h post-induction. So, 1-oxo-indane-4-carboxylic acid derivatives, may be used to enhance the amount of isoflavonoid phytoalexins in common bean and protect crops from phytopathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leidy Botero
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Medellín, Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela de Química, Carrera 65, 59ª-110, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Samuel Vizcaíno
- Química Orgánica de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 N° 52-21, P.O. Box 1226, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Winston Quiñones
- Química Orgánica de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 N° 52-21, P.O. Box 1226, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Fernando Echeverri
- Química Orgánica de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 N° 52-21, P.O. Box 1226, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jesús Gil
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Medellín, Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela de Química, Carrera 65, 59ª-110, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diego Durango
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Medellín, Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela de Química, Carrera 65, 59ª-110, Medellín, Colombia
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Recent Advances in Plant Chemical Biology of Jasmonates. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031124. [PMID: 32046227 PMCID: PMC7036767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid-derived plant hormone jasmonates are implicated in plant growth, reproductive performance, senescence, secondary metabolite productions, and defense against both necrotrophic pathogens and feeding insects. A major jasmonate is (+)-7-iso-jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine (JA-Ile), which is perceived by the unique COI1-JAZ coreceptor system. Recent advances in plant chemical biology have greatly informed the bioscience of jasmonate, including the development of chemical tools such as the antagonist COR-MO; the agonist NOPh; and newly developed jasmonates, including JA-Ile-macrolactone and 12-OH-JA-Ile. This review article summarizes the current status of plant chemical biology as it pertains to jasmonates, and offers some perspectives for the future.
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Wasternack C, Strnad M. Jasmonates: News on Occurrence, Biosynthesis, Metabolism and Action of an Ancient Group of Signaling Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2539. [PMID: 30150593 PMCID: PMC6164985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
: Jasmonic acid (JA) and its related derivatives are ubiquitously occurring compounds of land plants acting in numerous stress responses and development. Recent studies on evolution of JA and other oxylipins indicated conserved biosynthesis. JA formation is initiated by oxygenation of α-linolenic acid (α-LeA, 18:3) or 16:3 fatty acid of chloroplast membranes leading to 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) as intermediate compound, but in Marchantiapolymorpha and Physcomitrellapatens, OPDA and some of its derivatives are final products active in a conserved signaling pathway. JA formation and its metabolic conversion take place in chloroplasts, peroxisomes and cytosol, respectively. Metabolites of JA are formed in 12 different pathways leading to active, inactive and partially active compounds. The isoleucine conjugate of JA (JA-Ile) is the ligand of the receptor component COI1 in vascular plants, whereas in the bryophyte M. polymorpha COI1 perceives an OPDA derivative indicating its functionally conserved activity. JA-induced gene expressions in the numerous biotic and abiotic stress responses and development are initiated in a well-studied complex regulation by homeostasis of transcription factors functioning as repressors and activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Wasternack
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Ueda M, Hayashi K, Egoshi S, Ishimaru Y, Takaoka Y, Yamakoshi H, Dodo K, Sodeoka M. The alkyne-tag Raman imaging of coronatine, a plant pathogen virulence factor, in Commelina communis and its possible mode of action. Org Biomol Chem 2018. [PMID: 29520403 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00097b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that coronatine, a virulence factor of plant bacteria, facilitates bacterial infection through an ER (endoplasmic reticulum)-mediated, non-canonical mechanism in the model dicot plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we report that this same ER-mechanism is ubiquitous among dicots and monocots, and works by affecting the ethylene signaling pathway widely found in plants. The subcellular localization of coronatine by the alkyne-tag Raman imaging (ATRI) approach provided a convincing clue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Ueda
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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(π-Allyl)palladium coupling of 2-(tributylstannyl)cyclopent-2-enone for the synthesis of jasmonoid analogs. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Jimenez-Aleman GH, Machado RAR, Baldwin IT, Boland W. JA-Ile-macrolactones uncouple growth and defense in wild tobacco. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:3391-3395. [PMID: 28261738 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00249a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Small molecules capable of uncoupling growth-defense in plants are currently not known. In this study, for the first time, semi-synthetic analogues of the phytohormone JA-Ile are employed to uncouple growth and defense responses in wild tobacco. The JA-Ile analogues are easily synthesized from inexpensive substrates via olefin metathesis.
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Egoshi S, Takaoka Y, Saito H, Nukadzuka Y, Hayashi K, Ishimaru Y, Yamakoshi H, Dodo K, Sodeoka M, Ueda M. Dual function of coronatine as a bacterial virulence factor against plants: possible COI1–JAZ-independent role. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20676f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A phytotoxin coronatine has a dual mode of action, triggering stomatal reopening through COI1–JAZ-dependent and independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hiroaki Saito
- Institute of Science and Engineering
- Kanazawa University
- Kanazawa
- Japan
| | | | - Kengo Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry
- Tohoku University
- Aoba-ku
- Japan
| | | | | | - Kosuke Dodo
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory
- RIKEN
- Saitama 351-0198
- Japan
| | - Mikiko Sodeoka
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory
- RIKEN
- Saitama 351-0198
- Japan
| | - Minoru Ueda
- Department of Chemistry
- Tohoku University
- Aoba-ku
- Japan
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10
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Wasternack C, Strnad M. Jasmonate signaling in plant stress responses and development - active and inactive compounds. N Biotechnol 2015; 33:604-613. [PMID: 26581489 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) are lipid-derived signals mediating plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses and in plant development. Following the elucidation of each step in their biosynthesis and the important components of perception and signaling, several activators, repressors and co-repressors have been identified which contribute to fine-tuning the regulation of JA-induced gene expression. Many of the metabolic reactions in which JA participates, such as conjugation with amino acids, glucosylation, hydroxylation, carboxylation, sulfation and methylation, lead to numerous compounds with different biological activities. These metabolites may be highly active, partially active in specific processes or inactive. Hydroxylation, carboxylation and sulfation inactivate JA signaling. The precursor of JA biosynthesis, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), has been identified as a JA-independent signaling compound. An increasing number of OPDA-specific processes is being identified. To conclude, the numerous JA compounds and their different modes of action allow plants to respond specifically and flexibly to alterations in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Wasternack
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Scholz SS, Reichelt M, Boland W, Mithöfer A. Additional evidence against jasmonate-induced jasmonate induction hypothesis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 239:9-14. [PMID: 26398786 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates are phytohormones involved in development and stress reactions. The most prominent jasmonate is jasmonic acid, however, the bioactive jasmonate is (+)-7-iso-jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile). Biosynthesis of jasmonates is long time known; compartmentalization, enzymes and corresponding genes are well studied. Because all genes encoding these biosynthetic enzymes are jasmonate inducible, a hypothesis of jasmonate-induced-jasmonate-biosynthesis is widely accepted. Here, this hypothesis was revisited by employing the synthetic JA-Ile mimic coronalon to intact and wounded leaves, which excludes structural cross-contamination with endogenous jasmonates. At an effective concentration that induced various jasmonate-responsive genes in Arabidopsis, neither accumulation of endogenous jasmonic acid, JA-Ile, nor of their hydroxylated metabolites was detected. Results indicate that in spite of jasmonate-induced biosynthetic gene expression, no jasmonate biosynthesis/accumulation takes place supporting a post-translational regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra S Scholz
- Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
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12
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Synthesis, metabolism and systemic transport of a fluorinated mimic of the endogenous jasmonate precursor OPC-8:0. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:1545-53. [PMID: 26361871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) are fatty acid derivatives that mediate many developmental processes and stress responses in plants. Synthetic jasmonate derivatives (commonly isotopically labeled), which mimic the action of the endogenous compounds are often employed as internal standards or probes to study metabolic processes. However, stable-isotope labeling of jasmonates does not allow the study of spatial and temporal distribution of these compounds in real time by positron emission tomography (PET). In this study, we explore whether a fluorinated jasmonate could mimic the action of the endogenous compound and therefore, be later employed as a tracer to study metabolic processes by PET. We describe the synthesis and the metabolism of (Z)-7-fluoro-8-(3-oxo-2-(pent-2-en-1-yl)cyclopentyl)octanoic acid (7F-OPC-8:0), a fluorinated analog of the JA precursor OPC-8:0. Like endogenous jasmonates, 7F-OPC-8:0 induces the transcription of marker jasmonate responsive genes (JRG) and the accumulation of jasmonates after its application to Arabidopsis thaliana plants. By using UHPLC-MS/MS, we could show that 7F-OPC-8:0 is metabolized in vivo similarly to the endogenous OPC-8:0. Furthermore, the fluorinated analog was successfully employed as a probe to show its translocation to undamaged systemic leaves when it was applied to wounded leaves. This result suggests that OPC-8:0 - and maybe other oxylipins - may contribute to the mobile signal which triggers systemic defense responses in plants. We highlight the potential of fluorinated oxylipins to study the mode of action of lipid-derived molecules in planta, either by conventional analytical methods or fluorine-based detection techniques.
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Jimenez-Aleman GH, Machado RAR, Görls H, Baldwin IT, Boland W. Synthesis, structural characterization and biological activity of two diastereomeric JA-Ile macrolactones. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:5885-93. [PMID: 25806705 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00362h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Jasmonates are phytohormones involved in a wide range of plant processes, including growth, development, senescence, and defense. Jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile, 2), an amino acid conjugate of jasmonic acid (JA, 1), has been identified as a bioactive endogenous jasmonate. However, JA-Ile (2) analogues trigger different responses in the plant. ω-Hydroxylation of the pentenyl side chain leads to the inactive 12-OH-JA-Ile (3) acting as a “stop” signal. On the other hand, a lactone derivative of 12-OH-JA (5) (jasmine ketolactone, JKL) occurs in nature, although with no known biological function. Inspired by the chemical structure of JKL (6) and in order to further explore the potential biological activities of 12-modified JA-Ile derivatives, we synthesized two macrolactones (JA-Ile-lactones (4a) and (4b)) derived from 12-OH-JA-Ile (3). The biological activity of (4a) and (4b) was tested for their ability to elicit nicotine production, a well-known jasmonate dependent secondary metabolite. Both macrolactones showed strong biological activity, inducing nicotine accumulation to a similar extent as methyl jasmonate does in Nicotiana attenuata leaves. Surprisingly, the highest nicotine contents were found in plants treated with the JA-Ile-lactone (4b), which has (3S,7S) configuration at the cyclopentanone not known from natural jasmonates. Macrolactone (4a) is a valuable standard to explore for its occurrence in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo H Jimenez-Aleman
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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14
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Dicke M, van Loon JJA. Chemical ecology of phytohormones: how plants integrate responses to complex and dynamic environments. J Chem Ecol 2015; 40:653-6. [PMID: 25037238 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-014-0479-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Radix building, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands,
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15
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Scholz SS, Reichelt M, Mekonnen DW, Ludewig F, Mithöfer A. Insect Herbivory-Elicited GABA Accumulation in Plants is a Wound-Induced, Direct, Systemic, and Jasmonate-Independent Defense Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1128. [PMID: 26734035 PMCID: PMC4686679 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The non-proteinogenic amino acid γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is present in all organisms analyzed so far. In invertebrates GABA acts as a neurotransmitter; in plants different functions are under discussion. Among others, its involvement in abiotic stress reactions and as a defensive compound against feeding insects is suggested. GABA is synthesized from glutamate by glutamate decarboxylases and degraded by GABA-transaminases. Here, in Arabidopsis thaliana, gad1/2 double mutants showing reduced GABA concentrations as well as GABA-enriched triple mutants (gad1/2 x pop2-5) were generated and employed for a systematic study of GABA induction, accumulation and related effects in Arabidopsis leaves upon herbivory. The results demonstrate that GABA accumulation is stimulated by insect feeding-like wounding by a robotic caterpillar, MecWorm, as well as by real insect (Spodoptera littoralis) herbivory. Higher GABA levels in both plant tissue and artificial dietary supplements in turn affect the performance of feeding larvae. GABA enrichment occurs not only in the challenged but also in adjacent leaf. This induced response is neither dependent on herbivore defense-related phytohormones, jasmonates, nor is jasmonate induction dependent on the presence of GABA. Thus, in Arabidopsis the rapid accumulation of GABA very likely represents a general, direct and systemic defense reaction against insect herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra S. Scholz
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJena, Germany
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJena, Germany
| | - Dereje W. Mekonnen
- Department Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of CologneCologne, Germany
| | - Frank Ludewig
- Department Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of CologneCologne, Germany
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-NurembergErlangen, Germany
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Axel Mithöfer
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