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Osibe DA, Hojo Y, Shinya T, Mitani-Ueno N, Galis I. Comprehensive analysis of silicon impact on defense and metabolic responses in rice exposed to herbivory stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1399562. [PMID: 38872888 PMCID: PMC11169889 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1399562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) uptake is generally beneficial for plants that need protection from insect herbivores. In pursue of mechanisms involved in Si-mediated defense, we comprehensively explored the impact of Si on several defensive and metabolic traits in rice exposed to simulated and real herbivory of Mythimna loreyi Duponchel larvae. Hydroponic experiments showed that Si-deprived rice supplemented with Si 72 h prior to insect infestation were similarly resistant to larvae as plants continuously grown in Si-containing media. Both Si and herbivory altered primary metabolism in rice, including the levels of several sugars, amino acids, and organic acids. While the accumulation of sugars was generally positively correlated with Si presence, multiple amino acids showed a negative correlation trend with Si supplementation. The levels of secondary metabolites, including isopentylamine, p-coumaroylputrescine and feruloylputrescine, were typically higher in the leaves of Si-supplemented plants exposed to herbivory stress compared to Si-deprived plants. In addition, simulated herbivory treatment in Si-supplemented plants induced more volatile emissions relative to Si-deprived plants, which was consistent with the increased transcripts of key genes involved in volatile biosynthesis. In ecological interactions, Si alone did not affect the oviposition choice of M. loreyi but gravid females showed a significant preference for simulated herbivory-treated/Si-deprived compared to Si-supplemented plants. Our data suggest that apart from mechanical defense, Si may affect rice metabolism in multiple ways that might enhance/modulate defense responses of rice under herbivory stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandy Ahamefula Osibe
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Yuko Hojo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Tomonori Shinya
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Namiki Mitani-Ueno
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Ivan Galis
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
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Osinde C, Sobhy IS, Wari D, Dinh ST, Hojo Y, Osibe DA, Shinya T, Tugume AK, Nsubuga AM, Galis I. Comparative analysis of sorghum (C4) and rice (C3) plant headspace volatiles induced by artificial herbivory. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2243064. [PMID: 37585707 PMCID: PMC10730142 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2243064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Acute stress responses include release of defensive volatiles from herbivore-attacked plants. Here we used two closely related monocot species, rice as a representative C3 plant, and sorghum as a representative C4 plant, and compared their basal and stress-induced headspace volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Although both plants emitted similar types of constitutive and induced VOCs, in agreement with the close phylogenetic relationship of the species, several mono- and sesquiterpenes have been significantly less abundant in headspace of sorghum relative to rice. Furthermore, in spite of generally lower VOC levels, some compounds, such as the green leaf volatile (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and homoterpene DMNT, remained relatively high in the sorghum headspace, suggesting that a separate mechanism for dispersal of these compounds may have evolved in this plant. Finally, a variable amount of several VOCs among three sorghum cultivars of different geographical origins suggested that release of VOCs could be used as a valuable resource for the increase of sorghum resistance against herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyprian Osinde
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Islam S. Sobhy
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - David Wari
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Son Truong Dinh
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Yuko Hojo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Dandy A. Osibe
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Tomonori Shinya
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Arthur K. Tugume
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Anthony M. Nsubuga
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ivan Galis
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
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Kanda Y, Shinya T, Maeda S, Mujiono K, Hojo Y, Tomita K, Okada K, Kamakura T, Galis I, Mori M. BSR1, a Rice Receptor-like Cytoplasmic Kinase, Positively Regulates Defense Responses to Herbivory. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10395. [PMID: 37373546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Crops experience herbivory by arthropods and microbial infections. In the interaction between plants and chewing herbivores, lepidopteran larval oral secretions (OS) and plant-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) trigger plant defense responses. However, the mechanisms underlying anti-herbivore defense, especially in monocots, have not been elucidated. The receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase Broad-Spectrum Resistance 1 (BSR1) of Oryza sativa L. (rice) mediates cytoplasmic defense signaling in response to microbial pathogens and enhances disease resistance when overexpressed. Here, we investigated whether BSR1 contributes to anti-herbivore defense responses. BSR1 knockout suppressed rice responses triggered by OS from the chewing herbivore Mythimna loreyi Duponchel (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and peptidic DAMPs OsPeps, including the activation of genes required for biosynthesis of diterpenoid phytoalexins (DPs). BSR1-overexpressing rice plants exhibited hyperactivation of DP accumulation and ethylene signaling after treatment with simulated herbivory and acquired enhanced resistance to larval feeding. As the biological significance of herbivory-induced accumulation of rice DPs remains unexplained, their physiological activities in M. loreyi were analyzed. The addition of momilactone B, a rice DP, to the artificial diet suppressed the growth of M. loreyi larvae. Altogether, this study revealed that BSR1 and herbivory-induced rice DPs are involved in the defense against chewing insects, in addition to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasukazu Kanda
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO (NIAS), Tsukuba 305-8634, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Tomonori Shinya
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Satoru Maeda
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO (NIAS), Tsukuba 305-8634, Japan
| | - Kadis Mujiono
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Mulawarman University, Samarinda 75119, Indonesia
| | - Yuko Hojo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tomita
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazunori Okada
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamakura
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ivan Galis
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO (NIAS), Tsukuba 305-8634, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
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Kutty NN, Mishra M. Dynamic distress calls: volatile info chemicals induce and regulate defense responses during herbivory. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1135000. [PMID: 37416879 PMCID: PMC10322200 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1135000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants are continuously threatened by a plethora of biotic stresses caused by microbes, pathogens, and pests, which often act as the major constraint in crop productivity. To overcome such attacks, plants have evolved with an array of constitutive and induced defense mechanisms- morphological, biochemical, and molecular. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a class of specialized metabolites that are naturally emitted by plants and play an important role in plant communication and signaling. During herbivory and mechanical damage, plants also emit an exclusive blend of volatiles often referred to as herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). The composition of this unique aroma bouquet is dependent upon the plant species, developmental stage, environment, and herbivore species. HIPVs emitted from infested and non-infested plant parts can prime plant defense responses by various mechanisms such as redox, systemic and jasmonate signaling, activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, and transcription factors; mediate histone modifications; and can also modulate the interactions with natural enemies via direct and indirect mechanisms. These specific volatile cues mediate allelopathic interactions leading to altered transcription of defense-related genes, viz., proteinase inhibitors, amylase inhibitors in neighboring plants, and enhanced levels of defense-related secondary metabolites like terpenoids and phenolic compounds. These factors act as deterrents to feeding insects, attract parasitoids, and provoke behavioral changes in plants and their neighboring species. This review presents an overview of the plasticity identified in HIPVs and their role as regulators of plant defense in Solanaceous plants. The selective emission of green leaf volatiles (GLVs) including hexanal and its derivatives, terpenes, methyl salicylate, and methyl jasmonate (MeJa) inducing direct and indirect defense responses during an attack from phloem-sucking and leaf-chewing pests is discussed. Furthermore, we also focus on the recent developments in the field of metabolic engineering focused on modulation of the volatile bouquet to improve plant defenses.
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Li X, Zhang J, Lin S, Xing Y, Zhang X, Ye M, Chang Y, Guo H, Sun X. (+)-Catechin, epicatechin and epigallocatechin gallate are important inducible defensive compounds against Ectropis grisescens in tea plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:496-511. [PMID: 34719788 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The tea plant, Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze, is an economically important, perennial woody plant rich in catechins. Although catechins have been reported to play an important role in plant defences against microbes, their roles in the defence of tea plants against herbivores remain unknown. In this study, we allowed the larvae of Ectropis grisescens, a leaf-feeding pest, to feed on the plants, and alternatively, we wounded the plants and then treated them with E. grisescens oral secretions (WOS). Both approaches triggered jasmonic acid-, ethylene- and auxin-mediated signalling pathways; as a result, plants accumulated three catechin compounds: (+)-catechin, epicatechin and epigallocatechin. Not only was the mass of E. grisescens larvae fed on plants previously infested with E. grisescens or treated with WOS significantly lower than that of larvae fed on controls, but also artificial diet supplemented with epicatechin, (+)-catechin or epigallocatechin gallate reduced larval growth rates. In addition, the exogenous application of jasmonic acid, ethylene or auxin induced the biosynthesis of the three catechins, which, in turn, enhanced the resistance of tea plants to E. grisescens, leading to the coordination of the three signalling pathways. Our results suggest that the three catechins play an important role in the defences of tea plants against E. grisescens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwang Li
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songbo Lin
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxian Xing
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Ye
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yali Chang
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huawei Guo
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Sun
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
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Marmolejo LO, Thompson MN, Helms AM. Defense Suppression through Interplant Communication Depends on the Attacking Herbivore Species. J Chem Ecol 2021; 47:1049-1061. [PMID: 34541611 PMCID: PMC8642252 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01314-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In response to herbivory, plants emit volatile compounds that play important roles in plant defense. Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) can deter herbivores, recruit natural enemies, and warn other plants of possible herbivore attack. Following HIPV detection, neighboring plants often respond by enhancing their anti-herbivore defenses, but a recent study found that herbivores can manipulate HIPV-interplant communication for their own benefit and suppress defenses in neighboring plants. Herbivores induce species-specific blends of HIPVs and how these different blends affect the specificity of plant defense responses remains unclear. Here we assessed how HIPVs from zucchini plants (Cucurbita pepo) challenged with different herbivore species affect resistance in neighboring plants. Volatile "emitter" plants were damaged by one of three herbivore species: saltmarsh caterpillars (Estigmene acrea), squash bugs (Anasa tristis), or striped cucumber beetles (Acalymma vittatum), or were left as undamaged controls. Neighboring "receiver" plants were exposed to HIPVs or control volatiles and then challenged by the associated herbivore species. As measures of plant resistance, we quantified herbivore feeding damage and defense-related phytohormones in receivers. We found that the three herbivore species induced different HIPV blends from squash plants. HIPVs induced by saltmarsh caterpillars suppressed defenses in receivers, leading to greater herbivory and lower defense induction compared to controls. In contrast, HIPVs induced by cucumber beetles and squash bugs did not affect plant resistance to subsequent herbivory in receivers. Our study shows that herbivore species identity affects volatile-mediated interplant communication in zucchini, revealing a new example of herbivore defense suppression through volatile cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura O Marmolejo
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2475, USA
| | - Morgan N Thompson
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2475, USA
| | - Anjel M Helms
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2475, USA.
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Ling X, Gu S, Tian C, Guo H, Degen T, Turlings TCJ, Ge F, Sun Y. Differential Levels of Fatty Acid-Amino Acid Conjugates in the Oral Secretions of Lepidopteran Larvae Account for the Different Profiles of Volatiles. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:3970-3979. [PMID: 33866678 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants have evolved sophisticated defense responses to insect herbivore attack, which often involve elicitors in the insects' oral secretions. The major eliciting compounds in insect oral secretions across different species and their potency in inducing volatile emissions have not yet been fully characterized and compared. RESULTS Seven lepidopteran insects with variable duration of association with maize were selected, five species known as pests for a long time (Ostrinia furnacalis, Spodoptera exigua, Spodoptera litura, Mythimna separata, and Helicoverpa armigera) and two newly emerging pests (Athetis lepigone and Athetis dissimilis). Oral secretions of the newly emerging pests have the highest total contents of Fatty Acid-Amino Acid Conjugates (FACs), and their relative composition was well separated from that of the other five species in principal compound analysis. Redundancy analyses suggested that higher quantity of FACs was mainly responsible for the increases in maize volatiles, of which (E)-3,8-dimethyl-1,4,7-nonatriene (DMNT) and (E, E)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene (TMTT) were the most strongly inducible compounds. Adding FACs to the oral secretion of S. litura larvae significantly increased the emissions of TMTT and DMNT, confirming the key role of FACs in inducing volatile emissions in maize plants. Additional experiments with artificial diet spiked with linolenic acid suggested that variation in FACs is due to differences in internal FAC degradation and fatty acid excretion. CONCLUSION Compared with two newly emerging pests A. lepigone and A. dissimilis, the long-term pests could diminish the volatile emission by maize through reducing the FAC content in their oral secretions, which may lower the risk of attracting natural enemies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shimin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Caihong Tian
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Thomas Degen
- Laboratory for Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE), University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ted C J Turlings
- Laboratory for Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE), University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Feng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yucheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Mujiono K, Tohi T, Sobhy IS, Hojo Y, Shinya T, Galis I. Herbivore-induced and constitutive volatiles are controlled by different oxylipin-dependent mechanisms in rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2687-2699. [PMID: 34114241 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the importance of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for plants, control mechanisms for their basal and stress-induced biosynthesis and release remain unclear. We sampled and characterized headspace and internal leaf volatile pools in rice (Oryza sativa), after a simulated herbivory treatment, which triggers an endogenous jasmonate burst. Certain volatiles, such as linalool, were strongly upregulated by simulated herbivory stress. In contrast, other volatiles, such as β-caryophyllene, were constitutively emitted and fluctuated according to time of day. Transcripts of the linalool synthase gene transiently increased 1-3 h after exposure of rice to simulated herbivory, whereas transcripts of caryophyllene synthase peaked independently at dawn. Unexpectedly, although emission and accumulation patterns of rice inducible and constitutive VOCs were substantially different, both groups of volatiles were compromised in jasmonate-deficient hebiba mutants, which lack the allene oxide cyclase (AOC) gene. This suggests that rice employs at least two distinct oxylipin-dependent mechanisms downstream of AOC to control production of constitutive and herbivore-induced volatiles. Levels of the JA precursor, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), were correlated with constitutive volatile levels suggesting that OPDA or its derivatives could be involved in control of volatile emission in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadis Mujiono
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia
| | - Tilisa Tohi
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Islam S Sobhy
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- School of Life Sciences, Huxley Building, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Yuko Hojo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Tomonori Shinya
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Ivan Galis
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
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Aboshi T, Iitsuka C, Galis I, Teraishi M, Kamo M, Nishimura A, Ishihara A, Mori N, Murayama T. Isopentylamine is a novel defence compound induced by insect feeding in rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:247-256. [PMID: 33034373 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce a broad variety of defensive metabolites to protect themselves against herbivorous insects. Although polyamines have been implicated in various responses to abiotic and biotic stress, there have been no studies focused on amines in response to insect herbivory. By screening for bioactive amines, we identified isopentylamine as a novel type of herbivory-induced compound in rice leaves, which was derived from the amino acid leucine in stable isotope labelling experiments. Accumulation of isopentylamine increased during herbivory by the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens, BPH) and the rice-feeding armyworm (Mythimna loreyi), as well as in response to treatment with the plant hormone, jasmonic acid. Likewise, isopentylamine accumulation was compromised in rice jasmonate biosynthesis mutants, hebiba and Osjar1. In bio-assays, BPH insects feeding on rice seedlings submerged in 50 mg/L isopentylamine solution had a higher mortality compared with BPH feeding on seedlings submerged in water. Notably, the rice leaves submerged in 50 mg/L solution showed the endogenous concentrations of isopentylamine similar to that induced by BPHs. These results suggest that isopentylamine functions as a new type of plant defence metabolite that is rapidly induced by herbivore attack and deters insect herbivores in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Aboshi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Chiaki Iitsuka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Ivan Galis
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Teraishi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Marina Kamo
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | | | | | - Naoki Mori
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Mujiono K, Tohi T, Sobhy IS, Hojo Y, Ho NT, Shinya T, Galis I. Ethylene functions as a suppressor of volatile production in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6491-6511. [PMID: 32697299 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We examined the role of ethylene in the production of rice (Oryza sativa) volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which act as indirect defense signals against herbivores in tritrophic interactions. Rice plants were exposed to exogenous ethylene (1 ppm) after simulated herbivory, which consisted of mechanical wounding supplemented with oral secretions (WOS) from the generalist herbivore larva Mythimna loreyi. Ethylene treatment highly suppressed VOCs in WOS-treated rice leaves, which was further corroborated by the reduced transcript levels of major VOC biosynthesis genes in ethylene-treated rice. In contrast, the accumulation of jasmonates (JA), known to control VOCs in higher plants, and transcript levels of primary JA response genes, including OsMYC2, were not largely affected by ethylene application. At the functional level, flooding is known to promote internode elongation in young rice via ethylene signaling. Consistent with the negative role of ethylene on VOC genes, the accumulation of VOCs in water-submerged rice leaves was suppressed. Furthermore, in mature rice plants, which naturally produce less volatiles, VOCs could be rescued by the application of the ethylene perception inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene. Our data suggest that ethylene acts as an endogenous suppressor of VOCs in rice plants during development and under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadis Mujiono
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia
| | - Tilisa Tohi
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Islam S Sobhy
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Yuko Hojo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Nhan Thanh Ho
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
- Cuu Long Delta Rice Research Institute, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Tomonori Shinya
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Ivan Galis
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
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11
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Carbone F, Bonaventura A, Liberale L, Paolino S, Torre F, Dallegri F, Montecucco F, Cutolo M. Atherosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Promoters and Opponents. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2020; 58:1-14. [PMID: 30259381 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-018-8714-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Substantial epidemiological data identified cardiovascular (CV) diseases as a main cause of mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In light of this, RA patients may benefit from additional CV risk screening and more intensive prevention strategies. Nevertheless, current algorithms for CV risk stratification still remain tailored on general population and are burdened by a significant underestimation of CV risk in RA patients. Acute CV events in patients with RA are largely related to an accelerated atherosclerosis. As pathophysiological features of atherosclerosis overlap those occurring in the inflamed RA synovium, the understanding of those common pathways represents an urgent need and a leading challenge for CV prevention in patients with RA. Genetic background, metabolic status, gut microbiome, and systemic inflammation have been also suggested as additional key pro-atherosclerotic factors. The aim of this narrative review is to update the current knowledge about pathophysiology of atherogenesis in RA patients and potential anti-atherosclerotic effects of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Aldo Bonaventura
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Liberale
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, 12 Wagistrasse, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Paolino
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Torre
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Clinic of Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Franco Dallegri
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa-Italian Cardiovascular Network, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa-Italian Cardiovascular Network, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cutolo
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132, Genoa, Italy. .,Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy.
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12
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Andama JB, Mujiono K, Hojo Y, Shinya T, Galis I. Nonglandular silicified trichomes are essential for rice defense against chewing herbivores. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2019-2032. [PMID: 32323332 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Interspecific New Rice for Africa (NERICA) varieties have been recently developed and used in Sub-Saharan Africa but herbivore resistance properties of these plants remain poorly understood. Here we report that, compared to a local Japanese cultivar Nipponbare, NERICA 1, 4 and 10 are significantly more damaged by insect herbivores in the paddy fields. In contrast to high levels of leaf damage from rice skippers and grasshoppers, constitutive and induced volatile organic compounds for indirect plant defense were higher or similar in NERICAs and Nipponbare. Accumulation of direct defense secondary metabolites, momilactones A and B, and p-coumaroylputrescine (CoP) was reduced in NERICAs, while feruloylputrescine accumulated at similar levels in all varieties. Finally, we found that Nipponbare leaves were covered with sharp nonglandular trichomes impregnated with silicon but comparable defense structures were virtually absent in herbivory-prone NERICA plants. As damage to the larval gut membranes by Nipponbare silicified trichomes that pass intact through the insect digestive system, occurs, and larval performance is enhanced by trichome removal from otherwise chemically defended Nipponbare plants, we propose that silicified trichomes work as an important defense mechanism of rice against chewing insect herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joackin B Andama
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
- National Agricultural Research Organization, Abi Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Abi ZARDI, Arua, Uganda
| | - Kadis Mujiono
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia
| | - Yuko Hojo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Tomonori Shinya
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Ivan Galis
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
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13
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Kergunteuil A, Humair L, Maire AL, Moreno-Aguilar MF, Godschalx A, Catalán P, Rasmann S. Tritrophic interactions follow phylogenetic escalation and climatic adaptation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2074. [PMID: 32034273 PMCID: PMC7005781 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
One major goal in plant evolutionary ecology is to address how and why tritrophic interactions mediated by phytochemical plant defences vary across species, space, and time. In this study, we tested three classical hypotheses about plant defences: (i) the resource-availability hypothesis, (ii) the altitudinal/elevational gradient hypothesis and (iii) the defence escalation hypothesis. For this purpose, predatory soil nematodes were challenged to hunt for root herbivores based on volatile cues from damaged or intact roots of 18 Alpine Festuca grass species adapted to distinct climatic niches spanning 2000 meters of elevation. We found that adaptation into harsh, nutrient-limited alpine environments coincided with the production of specific blends of volatiles, highly attractive for nematodes. We also found that recently-diverged taxa exposed to herbivores released higher amounts of volatiles than ancestrally-diverged species. Therefore, our model provides evidence that belowground indirect plant defences associated with tritrophic interactions have evolved under two classical hypotheses in plant ecology. While phylogenetic drivers of volatile emissions point to the defence-escalation hypothesis, plant local adaptation of indirect defences is in line with the resource availability hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Kergunteuil
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- INRAE, UMR Laboratoire d'Agronomie et Environnement, Vandoeuvre-lès, 54518, Nancy, France
| | - Laureline Humair
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Laure Maire
- Botanical Garden Neuchâtel, Chemin du Pertuis-du-Sault 58, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - María Fernanda Moreno-Aguilar
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Huesca, Universidad de Zaragoza, Ctra. Cuarte km 1, 22071, Huesca, Spain
| | - Adrienne Godschalx
- INRAE, UMR Laboratoire d'Agronomie et Environnement, Vandoeuvre-lès, 54518, Nancy, France
| | - Pilar Catalán
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Huesca, Universidad de Zaragoza, Ctra. Cuarte km 1, 22071, Huesca, Spain
- Grupo de Bioquímica, Biofísica y Biología Computacional (BIFI, UNIZAR), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Tomsk State University, Lenin Av. 36, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Sergio Rasmann
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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14
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Wari D, Kabir MA, Mujiono K, Hojo Y, Shinya T, Tani A, Nakatani H, Galis I. Honeydew-associated microbes elicit defense responses against brown planthopper in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:1683-1696. [PMID: 30715410 PMCID: PMC6411376 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Feeding of sucking insects, such as the rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens; BPH), causes only limited mechanical damage on plants that is otherwise essential for injury-triggered defense responses against herbivores. In pursuit of complementary BPH elicitors perceived by plants, we examined the potential effects of BPH honeydew secretions on the BPH monocot host, rice (Oryza sativa). We found that BPH honeydew strongly elicits direct and putative indirect defenses in rice, namely accumulation of phytoalexins in the leaves, and release of volatile organic compounds from the leaves that serve to attract natural enemies of herbivores, respectively. We then examined the elicitor active components in the honeydew and found that bacteria in the secretions are responsible for the activation of plant defense. Corroborating the importance of honeydew-associated microbiota for induced plant resistance, BPHs partially devoid of their microbiota via prolonged antibiotics ingestion induced significantly less defense in rice relative to antibiotic-free insects applied to similar groups of plants. Our data suggest that rice plants may additionally perceive herbivores via their honeydew-associated microbes, allowing them to discriminate between incompatible herbivores-that do not produce honeydew-and those that are compatible and therefore dangerous.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wari
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Md Alamgir Kabir
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Kadis Mujiono
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia
| | - Yuko Hojo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Tomonori Shinya
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Akio Tani
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakatani
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Ivan Galis
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
- Correspondence:
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15
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Mitalo OW, Tokiwa S, Kondo Y, Otsuki T, Galis I, Suezawa K, Kataoka I, Doan AT, Nakano R, Ushijima K, Kubo Y. Low Temperature Storage Stimulates Fruit Softening and Sugar Accumulation Without Ethylene and Aroma Volatile Production in Kiwifruit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:888. [PMID: 31333713 PMCID: PMC6625211 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening in response to propylene (an ethylene analog), 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP, an ethylene action inhibitor), and low temperature (5°C) treatments was characterized in "Kosui" kiwifruit (Actinidia rufa × A. chinensis). Propylene treatment induced ethylene production, with increased expression levels of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase 1 (AcACS1) and ACC oxidase 2 (AcACO2), and rapid fruit softening together with increased expression levels of polygalacturonase (AcPG) and expansin 1 (AcEXP1) within 5 days (d). Fruit soluble solids concentration (SSC) and contents of sucrose, glucose, and fructose together with the expression levels of β-amylase 1 (Acβ-AMY1), Acβ-AMY2, and invertase (AcINV3-1) increased rapidly after 5 d exposure to propylene. Furthermore, propylene exposure for 5 d was sufficient to induce the production of key aroma volatile compounds, ethyl- and methyl butanoate, accompanied with increased expression levels of alcohol acyl transferase (AcAAT). Application of 1-MCP at the start of the experiment, followed by continuous exposure to propylene, significantly delayed fruit softening, changes in SSC and sugars, and strongly suppressed the production of ethylene, aroma volatiles, and expression of associated genes. During storage, fruit softening, SSC and sugar increase, and increased expression of genes associated with cell wall modification and carbohydrate metabolism were registered without detectable ethylene production; however, these changes occurred faster at 5°C compared to 22°C. Interestingly, ethyl and methyl butanoate as well as AcAAT expression were undetectable in kiwifruit during storage, while they were rescued by post-storage propylene exposure, indicating that the production of aroma volatile compounds is strongly ethylene-dependent. Transcript levels of a NAC-related transcription factor (TF), AcNAC3, increased in response to both propylene and low temperature treatments, while AcNAC5 was exclusively up-regulated by propylene. By contrast, transcript levels of a MADS-box TF, AcMADS2, exclusively increased in response to low temperature. The above findings indicate that kiwifruit ripening is inducible by either ethylene or low temperature signals. However, fruit ripened by low temperature were deficient in ethylene-dependent aroma volatiles, suggesting that ethylene signaling is non-functional during low temperature-modulated ripening in kiwifruit. These data provide further evidence that ethylene-dependent and low temperature-modulated ripening in kiwifruit involve different regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar W. Mitalo
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Sumire Tokiwa
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Kondo
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takumi Otsuki
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ivan Galis
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | | | - Ikuo Kataoka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Japan
| | - Anh T. Doan
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nakano
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ushijima
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kubo
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yasutaka Kubo,
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16
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Shinya T, Yasuda S, Hyodo K, Tani R, Hojo Y, Fujiwara Y, Hiruma K, Ishizaki T, Fujita Y, Saijo Y, Galis I. Integration of danger peptide signals with herbivore-associated molecular pattern signaling amplifies anti-herbivore defense responses in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 94:626-637. [PMID: 29513388 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant defense against herbivores is modulated by herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs) from oral secretions (OS) and/or saliva of insects. Furthermore, feeding wounds initiate plant self-damage responses modulated by danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as immune defense-promoting plant elicitor peptides (Peps). While temporal and spatial co-existence of both patterns during herbivory implies a possibility of their close interaction, the molecular mechanisms remain undetermined. Here we report that exogenous application of rice (Oryza sativa) peptides (OsPeps) can elicit multiple defense responses in rice cell cultures. Specific activation of OsPROPEP3 gene transcripts in rice leaves by wounding and OS treatments further suggests a possible involvement of the OsPep3 peptide in rice-herbivore interactions. Correspondingly, we found that simultaneous application of OsPep3 and Mythimna loreyi OS significantly amplifies an array of defense responses in rice cells, including mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, and generation of defense-related hormones and metabolites. The induction of OsPROPEP3/4 by OsPep3 points to a positive auto-feedback loop in OsPep signaling which may contribute to additional enhancement of defense signal(s). Finally, the overexpression of the OsPep receptor OsPEPR1 increases the sensitivity of rice plants not only to the cognate OsPeps but also to OS signals. Our findings collectively suggest that HAMP-DAMP signal integration provides a critical step in the amplification of defense signaling in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Shinya
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Shigetaka Yasuda
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Hyodo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Rena Tani
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yuko Hojo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Yuka Fujiwara
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Kei Hiruma
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takuma Ishizaki
- Tropical Agriculture Research Front, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Ishigaki, Okinawa, 907-0002, Japan
| | - Yasunari Fujita
- Biological Resources and Post-Harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8686, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yusuke Saijo
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Ivan Galis
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
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