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Grundmann CO, Guzman J, Vilcinskas A, Pupo MT. The insect microbiome is a vast source of bioactive small molecules. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:935-967. [PMID: 38411238 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00054k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Covering: September 1964 to June 2023Bacteria and fungi living in symbiosis with insects have been studied over the last sixty years and found to be important sources of bioactive natural products. Not only classic producers of secondary metabolites such as Streptomyces and other members of the phylum Actinobacteria but also numerous bacteria from the phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes and an impressive array of fungi (usually pathogenic) serve as the source of a structurally diverse number of small molecules with important biological activities including antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antiparasitic and specific enzyme inhibitors. The insect niche is often the exclusive provider of microbes producing unique types of biologically active compounds such as gerumycins, pederin, dinactin, and formicamycins. However, numerous insects still have not been described taxonomically, and in most cases, the study of their microbiota is completely unexplored. In this review, we present a comprehensive survey of 553 natural products produced by microorganisms isolated from insects by collating and classifying all the data according to the type of compound (rather than the insect or microbial source). The analysis of the correlations among the metadata related to insects, microbial partners, and their produced compounds provides valuable insights into the intricate dynamics between insects and their symbionts as well as the impact of their metabolites on these relationships. Herein, we focus on the chemical structure, biosynthesis, and biological activities of the most relevant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Guzman
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mônica Tallarico Pupo
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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2
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Huynh TH, Kim HK, Lee J, Ban YH, Jang YJ, Heo BE, Nguyen TQ, An JS, Kwon Y, Nam SJ, Jang J, Oh KB, Shin MK, Oh DC. Retinestatin, a Polyol Polyketide from a Termite Nest-Derived Streptomyces sp. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:591-599. [PMID: 38442389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
A new polyol polyketide, named retinestatin (1), was obtained and characterized from the culture of a Streptomyces strain, which was isolated from a subterranean nest of the termite Reticulitermes speratus kyushuensis Morimoto. The planar structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of the cumulative analysis of ultraviolet, infrared, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of 1 at 12 chiral centers was successfully assigned by employing a J-based configuration analysis in combination with ROESY correlations, a quantum mechanics-based computational approach to calculate NMR chemical shifts, and a 3 min flash esterification by Mosher's reagents followed by NMR analysis. Biological evaluation of retinestatin (1) using an in vitro model of Parkinson's disease revealed that 1 protected SH-SY5Y dopaminergic cells from MPP+-induced cytotoxicity, indicating its neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Hau Huynh
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayho Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Ban
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Joon Jang
- Natural Center of Life and Environment, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Eun Heo
- Division of Life Science, Department of Bio & Medical Big Data (BK21 Four Program), Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanh Quang Nguyen
- Division of Life Science, Department of Bio & Medical Big Data (BK21 Four Program), Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Soo An
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kwon
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jip Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jichan Jang
- Division of Life Science, Department of Bio & Medical Big Data (BK21 Four Program), Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Bong Oh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyoo Shin
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Chan Oh
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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3
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Nemadodzi LE, Prinsloo G. A New Proposed Symbiotic Plant-Herbivore Relationship between Burkea africana Trees, Cirina forda Caterpillars and Their Associated Fungi Pleurostomophora richardsiae and Aspergillus nomius. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1864. [PMID: 37513036 PMCID: PMC10383216 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkea africana is a tree found in savannah and woodland in southern Africa, as well as northwards into tropical African regions as far as Nigeria and Ethiopia. It is used as fuel wood, medicinally to treat various conditions, such as toothache, headache, migraine, pain, inflammation, and sexually transmitted diseases, such as gonorrhoea, but also an ornamental tree. The current study investigated the possible symbiotic relationship between B. africana trees and the C. forda caterpillars and the mutual role played in ensuring the survival of B. africana trees/seedlings in harsh natural conditions and low-nutrient soils. Deoxyribonucleic acid isolation and sequencing results revealed that the fungal species Pleurostomophora richardsiae was highly predominant in the leaves of B. africana trees and present in the caterpillars. The second most prominent fungal species in the caterpillars was Aspergillus nomius. The latter is known to be related to a Penicillium sp. which was found to be highly prevalent in the soil where B. africana trees grow and is suggested to play a role in enhancing the effective growth of B. africana trees in their natural habitat. To support this, a phylogenetic analysis was conducted, and a tree was constructed, which shows a high percentage similarity between Aspergillus and Penicillium sp. The findings of the study revealed that B. africana trees not only serve as a source of feed for the C. forda caterpillar but benefit from C. forda caterpillars which, after dropping onto the soil, is proposed to inoculate the soil surrounding the trees with the fungus A. nomius which suggests a symbiotic and/or synergistic relationship between B. africana trees and C. forda caterpillars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufuno Ethel Nemadodzi
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa
- ABBERU, Science Campus, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa
| | - Gerhard Prinsloo
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa
- ABBERU, Science Campus, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa
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4
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Baranova AA, Zakalyukina YV, Ovcharenko AA, Korshun VA, Tyurin AP. Antibiotics from Insect-Associated Actinobacteria. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1676. [PMID: 36421390 PMCID: PMC9687666 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Actinobacteria are involved into multilateral relationships between insects, their food sources, infectious agents, etc. Antibiotics and related natural products play an essential role in such systems. The literature from the January 2016-August 2022 period devoted to insect-associated actinomycetes with antagonistic and/or enzyme-inhibiting activity was selected. Recent progress in multidisciplinary studies of insect-actinobacterial interactions mediated by antibiotics is summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Baranova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, Bol’shaya Pirogovskaya 11, 119021 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuliya V. Zakalyukina
- Department of Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A. Ovcharenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Higher Chemical College RAS, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Korshun
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton P. Tyurin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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5
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Guo R, Li G, Zhang Z, Peng X. Structures and Biological Activities of Secondary Metabolites from Trichoderma harzianum. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:701. [PMID: 36355024 PMCID: PMC9696559 DOI: 10.3390/md20110701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum, from both marine and terrestrial environments, has attracted considerable attention. T. harzianum has a tremendous potential to produce a variety of bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs), which are an important source of new herbicides and antibiotics. This review prioritizes the SMs of T. harzianum from 1988 to June 2022, and their relevant biological activities. Marine-derived SMs, especially terpenoids, polyketides, and macrolides compounds, occupy a significant proportion of natural products from T. harzianum, deserving more of our attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaoping Peng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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6
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Combining OSMAC, metabolomic and genomic methods for the production and annotation of halogenated azaphilones and ilicicolins in termite symbiotic fungi. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17310. [PMID: 36243836 PMCID: PMC9569342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We gathered a collection of termite mutualistic strains from French Guiana to explore the metabolites of symbiotic microorganisms. Molecular networks reconstructed from a metabolomic analysis using LC-ESI-MS/MS methodology led us to identify two families of chlorinated polyketides, i.e., azaphilones from Penicillium sclerotiorum and ilicicolins from Neonectria discophora. To define the biosynthetic pathways related to these two types of scaffolds, we used a whole genome sequencing approach followed by hybrid assembly from short and long reads. We found two biosynthetic gene clusters, including two FAD-dependent halogenases. To exploit the enzymatic promiscuity of the two identified FAD halogenases, we sought to biosynthesize novel halogenated metabolites. An OSMAC strategy was used and resulted in the production of brominated analogs of ilicicolins and azaphilones as well as iodinated analogs of azaphilones.
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7
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Li Y, Zhang L, Wang W, Liu Y, Sun D, Li H, Chen L. A review on natural products with cage-like structure. Bioorg Chem 2022; 128:106106. [PMID: 36037599 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Natural products with diverse structures and significant biological activities are essential sources of drug lead compounds, and play an important role in the research and development of innovative drugs. Cage-like compounds have various structures and are widely distributed in nature, especially caged xanthones isolated from Garcinia genus, paeoniflorin and its derivatives isolated from Paeonia lactiflora Pall, tetrodotoxin (TTX) and its derivatives, and so on. In recent years, the development and utilization of cage-like compounds have been a research hotspot in chemistry, biology and other fields due to their special structures and remarkable biological activities. In this review, we mainly summarized the cage-like compounds with various structures found and isolated from natural drugs since 1956, summarized its broad biological activities, and introduced the progress in the biosynthesis of some compounds, so as to provide a reference for the discovery of more novel compounds, and the development and application of innovative drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wang Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dejuan Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Lixia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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8
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Oberpaul M, Spohn MS, Brinkmann S, Mihajlovic S, Marner M, Patras MA, Toti L, Kurz M, Hammann PE, Vilcinskas A, Glaeser J, Schäberle TF. Trichoderma-derived pentapeptides from the infected nest mycobiome of the subterranean termite Coptotermes testaceus. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202100698. [PMID: 35298064 PMCID: PMC9321192 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Termites live in a dynamic environment where colony health is strongly influenced by surrounding microbes. However, little is known about the mycobiomes of lower termites and their nests, and how these change in response to disease. Here we compared the individual and nest mycobiomes of a healthy subterranean termite colony (Coptotermes testaceus) to one infected and ultimately eradicated by a fungal pathogen. We identified Trichoderma species in the materials of both nests, but they were also abundant in the infected termites. Methanolic extracts of Trichoderma sp. FHG000531, isolated from the infected nest, were screened for secondary metabolites by UHPLC‐HR MS/MS‐guided molecular networking. We identified many bioactive compounds with potential roles in the eradication of the infected colony, as well as a cluster of six unknown peptides. The novel peptide FE011 was isolated and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. The function of this novel peptide family as well as the role of Trichoderma species in dying termite colonies therefore requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Oberpaul
- Fraunhofer IME: Fraunhofer-Institut fur Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Oekologie IME, Branch for Bioresources, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392, Gießen, GERMANY
| | - Marius S Spohn
- Fraunhofer IME: Fraunhofer-Institut fur Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Oekologie IME, Branch for Bioressources, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392, Giessen, GERMANY
| | - Stephan Brinkmann
- Fraunhofer IME: Fraunhofer-Institut fur Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Oekologie IME, Branch for Bioresources, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392, Giessen, GERMANY
| | - Sanja Mihajlovic
- Fraunhofer IME: Fraunhofer-Institut fur Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Oekologie IME, Branch for Bioresources, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392, Giessen, GERMANY
| | - Michael Marner
- Fraunhofer IME: Fraunhofer-Institut fur Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Oekologie IME, Branch for Bioresources, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392, Giessen, GERMANY
| | - Maria Alexandra Patras
- Fraunhofer IME: Fraunhofer-Institut fur Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Oekologie IME, Bioresources, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392, Giessen, GERMANY
| | - Luigi Toti
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Natural Product Research - Infectious Diseases, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, GERMANY
| | - Michael Kurz
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D Integrated Drug Discovery, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, GERMANY
| | - Peter Eugen Hammann
- Evotec International GmbH, Evotec, Marie-Curie-Straße 7, 37079, Göttingen, GERMANY
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Fraunhofer IME: Fraunhofer-Institut fur Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Oekologie IME, Branch for Bioresources, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392, Giessen, GERMANY
| | - Jens Glaeser
- Evotec International GmbH, Antiinfectives Lead Discovery from Natural Products, Marie-Curie-Straße 7, 37079, Göttingen, GERMANY
| | - Till Friedrich Schäberle
- University of Giessen, Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, GERMANY
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9
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Fungus-insect symbiosis: Diversity and negative ecological role of the hypocrealean fungus Trichoderma harzianum in colonies of neotropical termites (Blattodea: Termitidae). FUNGAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2022.101152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Li J, Sang M, Jiang Y, Wei J, Shen Y, Huang Q, Li Y, Ni J. Polyene-Producing Streptomyces spp. From the Fungus-Growing Termite Macrotermes barneyi Exhibit High Inhibitory Activity Against the Antagonistic Fungus Xylaria. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:649962. [PMID: 33868208 PMCID: PMC8047067 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.649962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungus-growing termites are engaged in a tripartite mutualism with intestinal microbes and a monocultivar (Termitomyces sp.) in the fungus garden. The termites are often plagued by entomopathogen (Metarhizium anisopliae) and fungus garden is always threatened by competitors (Xylaria spp.). Here, we aim to understand the defensive role of intestinal microbes, the actinomycetes which were isolated from the gut of Macrotermes barneyi. We obtained 44 antifungal isolates, which showed moderate to strong inhibition to Xylaria sp. HPLC analysis indicated that different types of polyenes (tetraene, pentene, and heptaene) existed in the metabolites of 10 strong antifungal Streptomyces strains. Two pentene macrolides (pentamycin and 1′14-dihydroxyisochainin) were firstly purified from Streptomyces strain HF10, both exhibiting higher activity against Xylaria sp. and M. anisopliae than cultivar Termitomyces. Subsequently, tetraene and heptaene related gene disruption assay showed that the mutant strains lost the ability to produce corresponding polyenes, and they also had significantly decreased activities against Xylaria sp. and M. anisopliae compared to that of wild type strains. These results indicate that polyene-producing Streptomyces from the guts of M. barneyi have strong inhibition to competitor fungus and polyenes contribute to inhibitory effects on Xylaria sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Moli Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yutong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianhua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yulong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qihong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yaoyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinfeng Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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11
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Scharf ME, Peterson BF. A Century of Synergy in Termite Symbiosis Research: Linking the Past with New Genomic Insights. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 66:23-43. [PMID: 33417825 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-022420-074746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Termites have long been studied for their symbiotic associations with gut microbes. In the late nineteenth century, this relationship was poorly understood and captured the interest of parasitologists such as Joseph Leidy; this research led to that of twentieth-century biologists and entomologists including Cleveland, Hungate, Trager, and Lüscher. Early insights came via microscopy, organismal, and defaunation studies, which led to descriptions of microbes present, descriptions of the roles of symbionts in lignocellulose digestion, and early insights into energy gas utilization by the host termite. Focus then progressed to culture-dependent microbiology and biochemical studies of host-symbiont complementarity, which revealed specific microhabitat requirements for symbionts and noncellulosic mechanisms of symbiosis (e.g., N2 fixation). Today, knowledge on termite symbiosis has accrued exponentially thanks to omic technologies that reveal symbiont identities, functions, and interdependence, as well as intricacies of host-symbiont complementarity. Moving forward, the merging of classical twentieth-century approaches with evolving omic tools should provide even deeper insights into host-symbiont interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Scharf
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA;
| | - Brittany F Peterson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois 62026, USA;
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12
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Pessotti RDC, Hansen BL, Reaso JN, Ceja-Navarro JA, El-Hifnawi L, Brodie EL, Traxler MF. Multiple lineages of Streptomyces produce antimicrobials within passalid beetle galleries across eastern North America. eLife 2021; 10:65091. [PMID: 33942718 PMCID: PMC8096431 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Some insects form symbioses in which actinomycetes provide defense against pathogens by making antimicrobials. The range of chemical strategies employed across these associations, and how these strategies relate to insect lifestyle, remains underexplored. We assessed subsocial passalid beetles of the species Odontotaenius disjunctus, and their frass (fecal material), which is an important food resource within their galleries, as a model insect/actinomycete system. Through chemical and phylogenetic analyses, we found that O. disjunctus frass collected across eastern North America harbored multiple lineages of Streptomyces and diverse antimicrobials. Metabolites detected in frass displayed synergistic and antagonistic inhibition of a fungal entomopathogen, Metarhizium anisopliae, and multiple streptomycete isolates inhibited this pathogen when co-cultivated directly in frass. These findings support a model in which the lifestyle of O. disjunctus accommodates multiple Streptomyces lineages in their frass, resulting in a rich repertoire of antimicrobials that likely insulates their galleries against pathogenic invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita de Cassia Pessotti
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Bridget L Hansen
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Jewel N Reaso
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Javier A Ceja-Navarro
- Bioengineering and Biomedical Sciences Department, Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyUnited States,Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, California Academy of SciencesBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Laila El-Hifnawi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Eoin L Brodie
- Ecology Department, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyUnited States,Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Matthew F Traxler
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
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13
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Oberpaul M, Zumkeller CM, Culver T, Spohn M, Mihajlovic S, Leis B, Glaeser SP, Plarre R, McMahon DP, Hammann P, Schäberle TF, Glaeser J, Vilcinskas A. High-Throughput Cultivation for the Selective Isolation of Acidobacteria From Termite Nests. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:597628. [PMID: 33240253 PMCID: PMC7677567 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.597628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities in the immediate environment of socialized invertebrates can help to suppress pathogens, in part by synthesizing bioactive natural products. Here we characterized the core microbiomes of three termite species (genus Coptotermes) and their nest material to gain more insight into the diversity of termite-associated bacteria. Sampling a healthy termite colony over time implicated a consolidated and highly stable microbiome, pointing toward the fact that beneficial bacterial phyla play a major role in termite fitness. In contrast, there was a significant shift in the composition of the core microbiome in one nest during a fungal infection, affecting the abundance of well-characterized Streptomyces species (phylum Actinobacteria) as well as less-studied bacterial phyla such as Acidobacteria. High-throughput cultivation in microplates was implemented to isolate and identify these less-studied bacterial phylogenetic group. Amplicon sequencing confirmed that our method maintained the bacterial diversity of the environmental samples, enabling the isolation of novel Acidobacteriaceae and expanding the list of cultivated species to include two strains that may define new species within the genera Terracidiphilus and Acidobacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Oberpaul
- Branch for Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Giessen, Germany
| | - Celine M. Zumkeller
- Branch for Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Giessen, Germany
| | - Tanja Culver
- Branch for Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Giessen, Germany
| | - Marius Spohn
- Branch for Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Giessen, Germany
| | - Sanja Mihajlovic
- Branch for Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Giessen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Leis
- Branch for Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefanie P. Glaeser
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rudy Plarre
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dino P. McMahon
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Hammann
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D Integrated Drug Discovery, Hoechst Industrial Park, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Till F. Schäberle
- Branch for Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jens Glaeser
- Branch for Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Branch for Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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14
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Pang G, Sun T, Yu Z, Yuan T, Liu W, Zhu H, Gao Q, Yang D, Kubicek CP, Zhang J, Shen Q. Azaphilones biosynthesis complements the defence mechanism of
Trichoderma guizhouense
against oxidative stress. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:4808-4824. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guan Pang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic‐Based Fertilizers Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic‐Based Fertilizers Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
| | - Zhenzhong Yu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic‐Based Fertilizers Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
| | - Tao Yuan
- The Laboratory of Effective Substances of Jiangxi Genuine Medicinal Materials, College of Life Sciences Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang Jiang xi 330022 China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Lab of Natural Product Chemistry and Application at Universities of Education Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Yili Normal University Yining Xinjiang 835000 China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic‐Based Fertilizers Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
| | - Qi Gao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic‐Based Fertilizers Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
| | - Dongqing Yang
- Department of Public Health Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Christian P. Kubicek
- Institute of Chemical Environmental and Bioscience Engineering TU Wien Vienna 1060 Austria
| | - Jian Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic‐Based Fertilizers Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic‐Based Fertilizers Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
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15
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Abstract
Interactions among microbes are key drivers of evolutionary progress and constantly shape ecological niches. Microorganisms rely on chemical communication to interact with each other and surrounding organisms. They synthesize natural products as signaling molecules, antibiotics, or modulators of cellular processes that may be applied in agriculture and medicine. Whereas major insight has been gained into the principles of intraspecies interaction, much less is known about the molecular basis of interspecies interplay. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the understanding of chemically mediated bacterial-fungal interrelations. We discuss pairwise interactions among defined species and systems involving additional organisms as well as complex interactions among microbial communities encountered in the soil or defined as microbiota of higher organisms. Finally, we give examples of how the growing understanding of microbial interactions has contributed to drug discovery and hypothesize what may be future directions in studying and engineering microbiota for agricultural or medicinal purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin Scherlach
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
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16
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Fukuda TTH, Cassilly CD, Gerdt JP, Henke MT, Helfrich EJN, Mevers E. Research Tales from the Clardy Laboratory: Function-Driven Natural Product Discovery. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:744-755. [PMID: 32105475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 70 years, the search for small molecules from nature has transformed biomedical research: natural products are the basis for half of all pharmaceuticals; the quest for total synthesis of natural products fueled development of methodologies for organic synthesis; and their biosynthesis presented unprecedented biochemical transformations, expanding our chemo-enzymatic toolkit. Initially, the discovery of small molecules was driven by bioactivity-guided fractionation. However, this approach yielded the frequent rediscovery of already known metabolites. As a result, focus shifted to identifying novel scaffolds through either structure-first methods or genome mining, relegating function as a secondary concern. Over the past two decades, the laboratory of Jon Clardy has taken an alternative route and focused on an ecology-driven, function-first approach in pursuit of uncovering bacterial small molecules with biological activity. In this review, we highlight several examples that showcase this ecology-first approach. Though the highlighted systems are diverse, unifying themes are (1) to understand how microbes interact with their host or environment, (2) to gain insights into the environmental roles of microbial metabolites, and (3) to explore pharmaceutical potential from these ecologically relevant metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taise T H Fukuda
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Chelsi D Cassilly
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Joseph P Gerdt
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Matthew T Henke
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Eric J N Helfrich
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Emily Mevers
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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17
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Chouvenc T, Elliott ML, Šobotník J, Efstathion CA, Su NY. The Termite Fecal Nest: A Framework for the Opportunistic Acquisition of Beneficial Soil Streptomyces (Actinomycetales: Streptomycetaceae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 47:1431-1439. [PMID: 30321327 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvy152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mutualistic associations between insects and microorganisms must imply gains for both partners, and the emphasis has mostly focused on coevolved host-symbiont systems. However, some insect hosts may have evolved traits that allow for various means of association with opportunistic microbial communities, especially when the microbes are omnipresent in their environment. It was previously shown that colonies of the subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) build nests out of fecal material that host a community of Streptomyces Waksman and Henrici (Actinomycetales: Streptomycetaceae). These Actinobacteria produce an array of bioactive metabolites that provides a level of protection for termites against certain entomopathogenic fungi. How C. formosanus acquires and maintains this association remains unknown. This study shows that the majority of Streptomyces isolates found in field termite fecal nest materials are identical to Streptomyces isolates from soils surrounding the nests and are not vertically inherited. A survey of Streptomyces communities from C. formosanus fecal nest materials sampled at 20 locations around the world revealed that all nests are reliably associated with a diverse Streptomyces community. The C. formosanus fecal nest material therefore provides a nutritional framework that can recruit beneficial Streptomyces from the soil environment, in the absence of long-term coevolutionary processes. A diverse Streptomyces community is reliably present in soils, and subterranean termite colonies can acquire such facultative symbionts each social cycle into their fecal nest. This association probably emerged as an exaptation from the existing termite nest structure and benefits both the termite and the opportunistic colonizing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Chouvenc
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, FL
| | - Monica L Elliott
- Department of Plant Pathology, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, FL
| | - Jan Šobotník
- Termite Research Team, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences CULS, Kamýcká, Prague Suchdol, Czechia, EU
| | - Caroline A Efstathion
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, FL
| | - Nan-Yao Su
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, FL
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