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Study protocol for comparing Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) to referral as usual for depression in African American churches. Trials 2022; 23:93. [PMID: 35101100 PMCID: PMC8801931 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05767-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide. African American adults, compared to White adults, are half as likely to be screened for depression in primary care settings. Disparities in depression screening contribute to poor clinical outcomes, as African Americans with depression are more disabled and sicker longer compared to Whites. African American churches are trusted settings that provide access to supports for depression. Indeed, in the first study of its kind, the investigators found that 20% of adults in African American churches screened positive for depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). However, no subjects with a positive screen (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) accepted a treatment referral when offered by research personnel. Community Health Workers, who are trusted paraprofessionals from the target community, may bridge the gap between depression screening and treatment. The investigators have trained and certified 112 Community Health Workers from 45 African American churches in New York City to deliver an evidence-based intervention called Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT). Thus, the aim of the current study is to test the impact of Community Health Worker-delivered depression screening in Black churches on engagement with clinical services. Methods Using a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation design, we propose a 2-arm, mixed-methods cluster randomized controlled trial. Church study sites will be randomized to either SBIRT (intervention arm) or referral as usual (usual care arm). This trial will be conducted with 600 church members across 30 churches (300 intervention; 300 usual care). Our primary outcome is treatment engagement, defined as attending a depression-related clinical visit. Secondary outcomes will be changes in Mental Health-Related Quality of Life and depressive symptoms at 3 and 6 months post-screening. Lastly, we will conduct a concurrent, mixed-methods (qualitative-quantitative) process evaluation to assess contextual facilitators and barriers of screening and referral. Discussion This is the first randomized trial of a church-placed, community health worker-delivered intervention for depression in African American populations. This study may provide a novel and effective approach to increasing depression identification and treatment linkage in economically disadvantaged populations with high depression rates. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT04524767. Registered on 21 August 2020.
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Agrawal P, Chen TA, McNeill LH, Acquati C, Connors SK, Nitturi V, Robinson AS, Martinez Leal I, Reitzel LR. Factors Associated with Breast Cancer Screening Adherence among Church-Going African American Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168494. [PMID: 34444241 PMCID: PMC8392666 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Relative to White women, African American/Black women are at an increased risk of breast cancer mortality. Early detection of breast cancer through mammography screening can mitigate mortality risks; however, screening rates are not ideal. Consequently, there is a need to better understand factors associated with adherence to breast cancer screening guidelines to inform interventions to increase mammography use, particularly for groups at elevated mortality risk. This study used the Andersen Behavioral Model of Health Services Use to examine factors associated with adherence to National Comprehensive Cancer Network breast cancer screening guidelines amongst 919 African American, church-going women from Houston, Texas. Logistic regression analyses measured associations between breast cancer screening adherence over the preceding 12 months (adherent or non-adherent) and predisposing (i.e., age, education, and partner status), enabling (i.e., health insurance status, annual household income, employment status, patient-provider communication, and social support), and need (i.e., personal diagnosis of cancer, family history of cancer, and risk perception) factors, separately and conjointly. Older age (predisposing: OR = 1.015 (1.007-1.023)), having health insurance and ideal patient-provider communication (enabling: OR = 2.388 (1.597-3.570) and OR = 1.485 (1.080-2.041)), and having a personal diagnosis of cancer (need: OR = 2.244 (1.058-4.758)) were each associated with greater odds of screening adherence. Only having health insurance and ideal patient-provider communication remained significantly associated with screening adherence in a conjoint model; cancer survivorship did not moderate associations between predisposing/enabling factors and screening adherence. Overall, results suggest that interventions which are designed to improve mammography screening rates amongst African American women might focus on broadening health insurance coverage and working to improve patient-provider communication. Implications for multi-level intervention approaches, including the role of churches in their dissemination, are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Agrawal
- Department of Psychological, Health and Learning Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (P.A.); (T.A.C.); (S.K.C.); (V.N.); (I.M.L.)
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Tzuan A. Chen
- Department of Psychological, Health and Learning Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (P.A.); (T.A.C.); (S.K.C.); (V.N.); (I.M.L.)
- Health Research Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Lorna H. McNeill
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Health Disparities Research, Houston, TX 77230, USA; (L.H.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Chiara Acquati
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Health Disparities Research, Houston, TX 77230, USA; (L.H.M.); (C.A.)
- Graduate College of Social Work, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Shahnjayla K. Connors
- Department of Psychological, Health and Learning Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (P.A.); (T.A.C.); (S.K.C.); (V.N.); (I.M.L.)
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Houston-Downtown, Houston, TX 77002, USA
| | - Vijay Nitturi
- Department of Psychological, Health and Learning Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (P.A.); (T.A.C.); (S.K.C.); (V.N.); (I.M.L.)
- Health Research Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Angelica S. Robinson
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
| | - Isabel Martinez Leal
- Department of Psychological, Health and Learning Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (P.A.); (T.A.C.); (S.K.C.); (V.N.); (I.M.L.)
- Health Research Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Lorraine R. Reitzel
- Department of Psychological, Health and Learning Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (P.A.); (T.A.C.); (S.K.C.); (V.N.); (I.M.L.)
- Health Research Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-713-743-6679
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White JJ, Dangerfield DT, Donovan E, Miller D, Grieb SM. Exploring the role of LGBT-affirming churches in health promotion for Black sexual minority men. CULTURE, HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2020; 22:1191-1206. [PMID: 31594476 PMCID: PMC7141971 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2019.1666429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the USA, Black sexual minority men (BSMM) remain disproportionately impacted upon by HIV and other sexual health issues. Individuals who attend church have lower rates of morbidity and mortality than those that do not; however, church attendance presents a paradox of being protective for some health outcomes and a risk for others among this population. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) affirming churches may offer support, but little is known about the role of LGBT-affirming churches in the lives of BSMM and how they may impact HIV and other health outcomes. This study explored the role of LGBT-affirming churches in the lives of BSMM. Nine focus groups (N = 52) were conducted in Baltimore City, Maryland between December 2017 and April 2018. Thematic analysis evaluated domains related to how men perceived, experienced, and engaged with LGBT-affirming churches. Three primary themes identified: (1) preferring traditional church environments over LGBT-affirming churches; (2) experiencing the LGBT-affirming church as a space of acceptance, emotional healing, and modelling loving same-sex relationships; and (3) perceiving LGBT-affirming churches as opportunities to engage community members to promote the well-being of BSMM. A secondary theme identified involvement in the house and ballroom community as an LGBT-affirming religious experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan J White
- Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Suzanne M Grieb
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Moore EW, Berkley-Patton JY, Berman M, Burleson C, Judah A. Physical Health Screenings Among African-American Church and Community Members. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2016; 55:1786-1799. [PMID: 27272330 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-016-0264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to identify characteristics, including religiosity, related to having received health screenings among persons who attend African-American churches or receive church-based community outreach services. A sample of 602 was recruited during two phases as part of a larger project. Blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood glucose screenings were the most frequently reported screenings ever and in the last 12 months. Although religiosity was significantly related to several of the health screenings in bivariate analysis, it is not a predictor of health screenings in multivariate analyses. Innovative strategies are needed to promote screenings such as church-based health fairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin W Moore
- Department of Psychology, Stetson University, 421 N. Woodland Blvd Unit 8281, DeLand, FL, 32723, USA.
| | | | - Marcie Berman
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Christine Burleson
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Abigail Judah
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Screening for Depression in African-American Churches. Am J Prev Med 2015; 49:526-33. [PMID: 26232907 PMCID: PMC4575828 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Substantial racial/ethnic disparities exist in the identification and management of major depression. Faith-Based Health Promotion interventions reduce disparities in health screenings for numerous medical conditions. However, the feasibility of systematically screening for depression in faith-based settings has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of using a validated instrument to screen for depression in African-American churches. METHODS Participants were recruited between October and November 2012 at three predominantly African-American churches in New York City. A participatory research approach was used to determine screening days. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was administered to 122 participants. Positive depression screen was defined as a PHQ-9 score ≥10. Descriptive statistics were used to report sample characteristics, prevalence of participants who screened positive, and history of help seeking. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the association of positive depression screen and sociodemographic characteristics. Initial analyses were conducted in 2013, with additional analyses in 2014. RESULTS The prevalence estimate for positive depression screen was 19.7%. More men (22.5%) screened positive than women (17.7%). Total household income was inversely related to positive depression screen. A similar percentage of respondents had previously sought help from primary care providers as from clergy. CONCLUSIONS It was feasible to screen for depression with the PHQ-9 in African-American churches. The prevalence of positive depression screen was high, especially among black men. Churches may be an important setting in which to identify depressive symptoms in this underserved population.
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Perceptions of One's Neighborhood and Mammogram Use among a Sample of Low-Income Women at Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Sexually Transmitted Infections. Womens Health Issues 2015; 26:196-200. [PMID: 26391228 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neighborhood disorder, signs of physical and social disorganization, has been related to a range of poor mental and physical health outcomes. Although individual factors have been widely associated with getting a mammogram, little is known about the impact of the neighborhood environment on a woman's decision to get a mammogram. METHODS In a sample of women at risk for human immunodeficiency virus and sexually transmitted infections, we explored the role of perceptions of one's neighborhood on getting a mammogram. The study included two samples: women 40 to 49 years (n = 233) and women 50 years and older (n = 83). Data were collected from May 2006 through June 2008. RESULTS Women age 50 years and older who lived in a neighborhood with disorder were 72% less likely to get a mammogram compared with women who lived in neighborhoods without disorder. There was no relationship for women age 40 to 49 years. CONCLUSIONS Interventions are needed to increase awareness and encourage women living in neighborhoods with disorder to get a mammogram. In addition to interventions to increase mammography, programs are needed to decrease neighborhood disorder. Increasing neighborhood cohesion, social control, and empowerment could integrate health promotion programs to both reduce disorder and increase health behaviors.
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Jones TP, Katapodi MC, Lockhart JS. Factors influencing breast cancer screening and risk assessment among young African American women: An integrative review of the literature. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2015; 27:521-9. [PMID: 25736320 DOI: 10.1002/2327-6924.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This integrative review was conducted to examine factors that influence mammography screening and use of cancer genetic services among younger African American women at increased risk for developing breast cancer. DATA SOURCES Research articles were identified using PubMed, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and Cochrane library to find studies published from 2003 to 2013. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this review indicate that while younger African American women receive mammograms more often than the general population, they are not being referred for genetic testing when appropriate. This is a major concern because African American women tend to experience more aggressive forms of breast cancer at an earlier age than the general population; it is imperative that they undergo genetic testing for optimal management of their breast cancer risk. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Nurse practitioners have a significant role in breast cancer screening and genetic testing of at-risk women, particularly in identifying and referring young women for testing. Further communication efforts are needed to improve young women's knowledge of breast cancer risk and the benefits of genetic testing. Reducing barriers to breast healthcare services requires nursing efforts that focus on populations at greatest risk for poor health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarsha P Jones
- School of Nursing, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Maria C Katapodi
- Institute of Nursing Science/Institut für Pflegewissenschaft, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel/Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joan S Lockhart
- School of Nursing, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Williams L, Gorman R, Hankerson S. Implementing a mental health ministry committee in faith-based organizations: the promoting emotional wellness and spirituality program. SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2014; 53:414-34. [PMID: 24717187 PMCID: PMC4000587 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2014.880391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Social workers have successfully collaborated with African-American faith-based organizations to improve health outcomes for numerous medical conditions. However, the literature on Faith-Based Health Promotion for major depression is sparse. Thus, the authors describe a program used to implement a Mental Health Ministry Committee in African-American churches. Program goals are to educate clergy, reduce stigma, and promote treatment seeking for depression. Key lessons learned are to initially form partnerships with church staff if there is not a preexisting relationship with the lead pastor, to utilize a community-based participatory approach, and to have flexibility in program implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laverne Williams
- a Mental Health Association in New Jersey , Verona , New Jersey , USA
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Yilmaz M, Sayin YY. Turkish translation and adaptation of Champion's Health Belief Model Scales for breast cancer mammography screening. J Clin Nurs 2013; 23:1978-89. [PMID: 24028176 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To examine the translation and adaptation process from English to Turkish and the validity and reliability of the Champion's Health Belief Model Scales for Mammography Screening. Its aim (1) is to provide data about and (2) to assess Turkish women's attitudes and behaviours towards mammography. BACKGROUND The proportion of women who have mammography is lower in Turkey. The Champion's Health Belief Model Scales for Mammography Screening-Turkish version can be helpful to determine Turkish women's health beliefs, particularly about mammography. DESIGN Cross-sectional design was used to collect survey data from Turkish women: classical measurement method. METHODS The Champion's Health Belief Model Scales for Mammography Screening was translated from English to Turkish. Again, it was back translated into English. Later, the meaning and clarity of the scale items were evaluated by a bilingual group representing the culture of the target population. Finally, the tool was evaluated by two bilingual professional researchers in terms of content validity, translation validity and psychometric estimates of the validity and reliability. The analysis included a total of 209 Turkish women. The validity of the scale was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis and criterion-related validity testing. RESULTS The Champion's Health Belief Model Scales for Mammography Screening aligned to four factors that were coherent and relatively independent of each other. There was a statistically significant relationship among all of the subscale items: the positive and high correlation of the total item test score and high Cronbach's α. The scale has a strong stability over time: the Champion's Health Belief Model Scales for Mammography Screening demonstrated acceptable preliminary values of reliability and validity. CONCLUSION The Champion's Health Belief Model Scales for Mammography Screening is both a reliable and valid instrument that can be useful in measuring the health beliefs of Turkish women. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE It can be used to provide data about healthcare practices required for mammography screening and breast cancer prevention. This scale will show nurses that nursing intervention planning is essential for increasing Turkish women's participation in mammography screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Yilmaz
- Surgical Nursing Division, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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Fagan DM, Kiger A, van Teijlingen E. Faith communities and their assets for health promotion: the views from health professionals and faith leaders in Dundee, in Scotland. Glob Health Promot 2012; 19:27-36. [PMID: 24801780 DOI: 10.1177/1757975912441228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Within the European Union, as well as in Canada and the United States (US), health promoters employ a number of strategies to encourage community-based health improvements. This involves the creation of innovative health promotion partnerships to support and enable people to choose and engage in healthy living practices. Compared to the US, in other Western countries, such as the United Kingdom, faith communities have largely been ignored in health promotion partnerships. This study established existing evidence about health promotion in faith communities in Scotland by examining the perceptions and attitudes concerning health promotion among faith leaders and health promotion professionals. We conducted 33 semi-structured interviews with health promotion professionals (n = 9) and representatives of Christian and non-Christian faith communities (n = 24). The majority of participants expressed an interest in the concept of health promotion in a faith community and could readily envision its application in their area of work. Both groups identified multiple physical assets, as well as social supports within faith communities that could be directed towards healthy living activities. Faith groups and church organisations may constitute potential partners and new settings to increase community capacity for health promotion. Further research and funding for demonstration projects may be particularly helpful to provide evidence of the strengths and limitations of faith-based health promotion in Scotland, which in turn could inform health promotion practice and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna M Fagan
- Centre of Academic Primary Care, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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Hankerson SH, Weissman MM. Church-based health programs for mental disorders among African Americans: a review. Psychiatr Serv 2012; 63:243-9. [PMID: 22388529 PMCID: PMC3952019 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.201100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE African Americans underutilize traditional mental health services, compared with white Americans. The authors conducted a systematic review of studies involving church-based health promotion programs for mental disorders among African Americans to assess the feasibility of utilizing such programs to address racial disparities in mental health care. METHODS A literature review of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and ATLA Religion databases was conducted to identify articles published between January 1, 1980, and December 31, 2009. Inclusion criteria were as follows: studies were conducted in a church; the primary objective involved assessment, perceptions and attitudes, education, prevention, group support, or treatment for DSM-IV mental disorders or their correlates; number of participants was reported; qualitative or quantitative data were reported; and African Americans were the target population. RESULTS Of 1,451 studies identified, only eight met inclusion criteria. Five studies focused on substance-related disorders, six were designed to assess the effects of a specific intervention, and six targeted adults. One study focused on depression and was limited by a small sample size of seven participants. CONCLUSIONS Although church-based health promotion programs have been successful in addressing racial disparities for several chronic medical conditions, the literature on such programs for mental disorders is extremely limited. More intensive research is needed to establish the feasibility and acceptability of utilizing church-based health promotion programs as a possible resource for screening and treatment to improve disparities in mental health care for African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney H Hankerson
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, NY, USA.
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Northington L, Martin T, Walker JT, Williams PR, Lofton SP, Cooper JR, Luther CH, Keller SD. Integrated community education model: breast health awareness to impact late-stage breast cancer. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2011; 15:387-92. [PMID: 21810571 DOI: 10.1188/11.cjon.387-392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Race and ethnicity play roles in breast cancer mortality, particularly for African American women. As a result, a three-pronged integrated community education model (i.e., faith-based, community, and state agencies) was generated and tested in a medically underserved area with high mortality rates from breast cancer to increase participation in breast health education, provide early screening and detection practices, and provide access to annual mammograms and referral sources. The model provided three women with life-saving early diagnoses, in addition to providing potentially hundreds of women with a network of breast health, self-monitoring, and referral sources for future issues.
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Fagan DM, Kiger A, van Teijlingen E. A survey of faith leaders concerning health promotion and the level of healthy living activities occurring in faith communities in Scotland. Glob Health Promot 2011; 17:15-23. [PMID: 21510095 DOI: 10.1177/1757975910383927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Faith groups constitute a growing health promotion partner in North America where they help increase community capacity. However, in the United Kingdom this collaboration is seemingly far less developed. This study sought to find evidence of health promotion in faith communities and examine perceptions and attitudes concerning health promotion among faith leaders. It also sought to establish the level to which health-promoting activities currently occur in, and are organized by, places of worship in one Scottish city, Dundee. The authors distributed a self-administered questionnaire to representatives of all faith communities in Dundee (response rate 71%, n = 50). The survey identified existing, well-formed community groups, some of whom already engaged in health-promoting activities, and shared similar interests with health promotion professionals. Generally, faith leaders were positive towards the concept of health promotion and many considered health promotion to be compatible with their mission. Not all denominations were equally involved in health promotion activities, for example, some conducted annual one-off activities, while others had well-established walking groups or exercise classes. The responses suggest a degree of readiness by faith communities to engage, if invited, in health promotion programmes. These results also indicate that faith groups may constitute untapped resources, poised to contribute to local health promotion efforts. The article concludes that as the National Health Service (NHS) invests in community-based health initiatives that can have long-term sustainability, it is reasonable to make links between what is happening in North America, the interest in health promotion reported by faith leaders in this study and the possibilities for their participation in voluntary sector community health partnerships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna M Fagan
- Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
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Kapp JM, Walker R, Haneuse S, Yankaskas BC. A prospective assessment of racial/ethnic differences in future mammography behavior among women who had early mammography. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20:600-8. [PMID: 21242330 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Twenty-nine percent of women, aged 30 to 39, report having had a mammogram, though sensitivity and specificity are low. We investigate racial/ethnic differences in future mammography behavior among women who had a baseline screening mammogram prior to age 40. METHODS Using 1994-2008 data from the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC), we identified 29,390 women aged 35 to 39 with a baseline screening mammogram. We followed this cohort for 2 outcomes: (i) future BCSC mammography between ages 40 and 45; and (2) among those, delay in screening mammography until ages 43 to 45 compared with ages 40 to 42. Using adjusted log-linear models, we estimated the relative risk (RR) of these outcomes by race/ethnicity, while also considering the impact of false-positive/true-negative (FP/TN) baseline mammography results on these outcomes. RESULTS Relative to non-Hispanic white women, Hispanic women had an increased risk of no future BCSC mammography (RR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.13-1.30); Asian women had a decreased risk (RR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.61-0.74). Women with a FP result, compared with a TN result, had a decreased risk of no future BCSC mammography (RR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.85-0.95). Among those with future BCSC screening mammography, African American women were more likely to delay the timing (RR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.09-1.45). The interaction between race/ethnicity and FP/TN baseline results was not significant. CONCLUSIONS Race/ethnicity is differentially associated with future BCSC mammography and the timing of screening mammography after age 40. IMPACT These findings introduce the need for research that examines disparities in lifetime mammography use patterns from the initiation of mammography screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Kapp
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Missouri, MA306 Medical Sciences Bldg, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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Kapp JM, Walker R, Haneuse S, Buist DSM, Yankaskas BC. Are there racial/ethnic disparities among women younger than 40 undergoing mammography? Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 124:213-22. [PMID: 20204501 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-010-0812-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
While the probability of a woman developing invasive breast cancer at age <40 is low (<1%), mammography use reported among younger women (age <40) is substantial, and varies by race/ethnicity. Little detail is known about mammography use among women aged <40, particularly by race/ethnicity. We describe racial/ethnic differences in: (1) mammography indication after considering underlying risk factors (breast symptoms and family history); (2) follow-up recommendations, and (3) mammography outcomes for first mammograms in women aged <40. These 1996-2005 Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium data are prospectively pooled from seven U.S. mammography registries. Our community-based sample included 99,615 women aged 18-39 who self-reported race/ethnicity and presented for a first mammogram (screening or diagnostic) with no history of breast cancer. Multivariable analyses controlled for registry site, age, family history of breast cancer, symptoms, and exam year. Overall, 73.6% of the women in our sample were seen for a screening mammogram. Following screening mammography, African American (AA) women were more likely than white women to be recommended for additional workup [relative risk (RR): 1.15 (95% CI: 1.07-1.23)]. Following diagnostic mammography, AA [RR: 1.30 (95% CI: 1.17-1.44)] and Asian [RR: 1.44 (95% CI: 1.26-1.64)] women were more likely to be recommended for biopsy, fine-needle aspiration, or surgical consultation. Depending on race/ethnicity, and considering the rate of true positive to total first screening mammograms of younger women, a women has a likelihood of a true positive of 1 in 363-1,122; she has a likelihood of a false positive of 1 in 7-10. This study of community-based practice found racial/ethnic variability in mammography indication, recommendations, and outcomes among women undergoing first mammography before 40. These findings highlight important areas for future research to understand the motivating factors for these practice patterns and the implications of early mammography use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Kapp
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Missouri, MA306 Medical Sciences Bldg, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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Rodriguez EM, Bowie JV, Frattaroli S, Gielen A. A qualitative exploration of the community partner experience in a faith-based breast cancer educational intervention. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2009; 24:760-771. [PMID: 19307318 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyp010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Although community partner engagement is a key component in faith-based health promotion/disease prevention intervention research, the perspective of community partners on their experiences in the intervention process has been infrequently investigated. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 African-American community partners [i.e. four pastors and eight lay health co-ordinators (LHCs)] from eight churches in greater Baltimore, MD, USA, that engaged in a breast cancer educational intervention that followed a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach. Audiotaped interviews were transcribed, coded and content analysis was used to identify themes across the codes. Findings show that pastors support a holistic approach to health and that LHCs act as a link between the pastors, participants and academic researchers. In addition, pastors and LHCs emphasized that the religious and/or spiritual program elements should not overpower the importance of reaching participants with critical health information regardless of their religious or spiritual beliefs. Study findings suggest that faith-based educational intervention efforts that follow a CBPR approach are important in promoting cancer awareness in the African-American community. Including community partner assessment can further elucidate critical intervention impacts and helps to address health disparities in underserved communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa M Rodriguez
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 3435 Main Street, 321 Kimball Tower, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
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